28:
3205:. It has an average latitude of 39º 30' N. 270 km separate the western and eastern limits of the archipelago, and 160 km from the northern and southern ends. The three largest and most important islands that make up the Balearic Islands are Ibiza, Mallorca and Menorca. The three main islands are aligned in that order oriented from southwest to northeast. Apart from these three, there are other smaller islands such as Formentera and Cabrera. The relief of the Balearic Islands is dominated by flat, low-lying areas, except for the Sierra de la Tramontana, located in Mallorca.
821:
2565:
3624:
3549:
3427:, the oldest of the archipelago. It has an area of 1659.71 km (the second largest of the archipelago) and a terrain characterized by smooth shapes in a territory modeled intensely by erosion, with little presence of recent volcanism. On the coast, sandy beaches abound, although you can find wave-cut platforms and cliffs, especially on the western slope. The highest point of the island is the Pico de la Zarza (807 m), on the peninsula of Jandía. The island has an elongated shape, oriented from north to south.
1062:
68:
2380:
3399:
1692:
2391:
3366:
3314:
3167:
2878:
3468:
2890:
52:
1945:
3431:
2713:
44:
612:
2177:
381:, with contours different from those of today's African continent, but from which this continent actually derives. To the north, at the same time, the continent that we can call Paleo-Europe, from which today's Europe would later derive, extended at the same time. And between both continents there was a sea much wider and deeper than the present Mediterranean, the ologistsas' cient
3179:
527:, the current peninsula will be almost completed. In the post-Alpine period there will be deformations that will give rise to groupings, a consequence of the Alpine orogeny. The continental masses try to reach an equilibrium and release the accumulated tensions. These subsequent and associated processes are called morphological tectonics and are vertical movements.
3600:
island building, with very steep ridges. The maximum altitude of the island is in the Pico de
Malpaso with 1501 meters. In the northeastern area is the Nisdafe plateau and to the west of the island there is a wide region with little ruggedness and numerous examples of recent volcanism. The coasts of the island are generally very rugged, with a few pebble beaches.
1712:, located in the center of the plateau, divides it into two sub-plateaus(north and south) and is the natural border between the autonomous communities of Castilla y León on the one hand, and the Community of Madrid and Castilla-La Mancha on the other. The mountain range stretches from west to east for 700 km, and its highest peak is the
1011:, all of them belonging to the Sistema Central. In the northeastern and eastern limit is the Iberian system, and in the south extends the Sierra Morena. The Submeseta Sur is divided into two halves, north and south, by the Montes de Toledo, a small mountain range that runs from west to east and is located in the north of
2457:, an area protected by the Ebro Delta Natural Park. It has marine and continental deposits, of great thickness in the mountainous ridges (conglomerates) and of lesser thickness in the center of the depression (sandstones, marls, gypsum, salts and limestones). The variety in the hardness of the materials and the
3392:
alternate beaches and wave-cut platforms. The island has an elongated shape, oriented from north to south, with the ancient massifs of Famara and Los
Ajaches at the ends, the intermediate plain being covered by recent volcanic material. To the north of the island is a group of small islands, the so-called
2952:, characterized by having only beaches on its coast because the terrain is very flat. From the Ebro delta to the French border extends the Catalan coast, oriented from southwest to northeast. This coast is more articulated than that of the gulf of Valencia and has more flats, due to the proximity of the
492:, with strong pressures that fold the materials; the barriers that had been created in the Hercynian orogeny will have a capping effect on these forces. These pressures will fold the more modern materials, which are of a soft nature, and the older materials will break. With these strong pressures, the
3599:
is the most southwestern island of the archipelago and of Spain. It has an area of 278 km and a triangular shape. It is 65 km southwest of La Gomera and 66 km south of La Palma. The terrain is marked by the presence of El Golfo, to the north, a bay formed by the collapse of part of the
3544:
is a small island located 29 km west of
Tenerife. It has an area of 372 km and a rounded shape. Its relief is very mountainous and is articulated around a central plateau. This has its highest point in the Alto de Garajonay, which with its 1487 meters of altitude is the highest elevation of
3269:
is the third largest island of the
Balearic Islands with its 571.04 km of surface, and is located to the southwest of Mallorca, being only 80 km to the east of the peninsula. The shape of the island is elongated, and the coast is quite articulated. It has a terrain of smooth forms and small
2688:
with abundant and extensive rias that penetrate between 25 and 35 km inland. The mountainous terrain of
Galicia means that cliffs abound and beaches are scarce. The rias are divided into high rias and low rias. Some of the most important high rias are Foz, Ortigueira and Viveiro; and some of the
534:
there have been three posthumous movements: the first one is the bulging of the plateau that tilts westward, derived from this, there are a series of thrusts from the east that cause the basement to also tilts towards the
Atlantic, and the third phase is a series of movements of vertical origin that
3842:
were built on top of the hills to be able to see the enemy in time. Historians and writers have compared the Meseta
Central to a castle, the surrounding mountain ranges being its walls. Therefore, Spain has never been an easy country to conquer due, in part, to its terrain. On the other hand, this
3573:
is the most northwestern island of the archipelago and has an area of 708.33 km. It is 60 km northwest of La Gomera and has a triangular shape (approximately). The terrain of the island is quite mountainous, where volcanoes, mountain chains and valleys abound. The most outstanding relief
3255:
is the second largest island of the archipelago with a surface area of 694.39 km, and is the most northeasterly island. It has an elongated shape, with a remarkably articulated coastline. On the island there are small hills that exceed 200 meters and, in general, the terrain is very flat. The
2082:
Pyrenees can be distinguished by their political affiliation. The
Spanish Pyrenees are home to the Pre-Pyrenees, a mountain range with peaks lower than those of the Pyrenees, located in the south of the Pyrenees; the Navarre Pyrenees, with peaks not exceeding 3000 m; the Aragonese Pyrenees, which
2405:
of peninsular Spain are the Ebro and
Guadalquivir depressions. These are outside of the Meseta and were pre-alpine basins or pits that, after the Cenozoic orogenesis, were left between the alpine ranges and the ancient massifs. They are triangular in shape and were filled by great thicknesses of
3455:
is one of the islands located in the central area of the archipelago and 85 km west of
Fuerteventura, is the third largest island, after Tenerife and Fuerteventuraa, despite how confusing its name may be. It has an area of 1560 km and a very mountainous terrain The island, circular in
3391:
is the most northeastern island of the archipelago and has a combined surface with its dependent islets of 845.93 km. Its terrain is not very rugged although there are numerous volcanoes of low altitude. The Peñas del Chache, with 670 meters, are the highest of the island, and on the coast
898:
The Spanish territory also presents a great natural and human diversity, which is given by the variety of the terrain and the climatic contrasts caused by it, which determine different types of vegetation, water and soil. This variety of the physical environment means an unequal distribution of
835:
has a surface area of 493,458 km (97.53% of the national territory) and its coastline measures a total of approximately 4600 km. The average altitude is 660 meters above sea level, and the maximum width of the peninsula is 1094 km. The terrain is characterized by the abundance of
285:
has a great variety of landscapes, with the existence of large mountains and depressions, the mountains can be steep or smooth. The terrain is also influenced by the massive and not very articulated shape of the peninsula, the coasts lack projections and have a high average altitude. There is a
3517:
and Güimar, extensive depressions on the flanks of the island formed by large landslides. The coasts are interspersed with beaches and cliffs, although the latter are more abundant. The island has a triangular shape with a small peninsula at its northeast vertex. Among the many volcanic tubes
557:
Finally, there are the morphogenetic systems that give rise to the current relief, referring to the climatic, erosive, chemical and mechanical aspects that affect the terrain and are linked to tectonics. Glaciations also had an influence (in the highest parts), together with water and wind.
1926:. Its maximum elevation slightly exceeds 1000 meters above sea level, so it is not a particularly high mountain range. Sierra Morena includes mountain chains such as the Sierra Madrona, the Sierra de Aracena and the Sierra de Hornachuelos. Thus, Sierra Morena separates the plateau from the
3530:
and one of the largest in the world, although for a long time it was even considered the largest in the world. Another key mountainous terrain worthy of note is the Anaga mountain range in the northeast of the island. It is the only non-central mountain range in the Canary Islands.
3460:(1949 m), surrounded by several volcanic calderas; it is also important the presence of ancient volcanic massifs such as Güigüí. The network of ravines is radial in shape, organized from the central summit. There is a great variety of volcanic plugs of different nature, among which
2556:
The coasts of the Peninsula are curved and with a rectilinear contour but not very indented. High, rocky coasts abound in the north, and low, sandy coasts in the southeast. The coasts of the Balearic Islands have rocky stretches, and the coasts of the Canary Islands have cliffs.
3283:
is the fourth largest island of the archipelago with its 83.2 km of surface. It is located 3.6 km south of the island of Ibiza, its terrain is very flat and the highest point is the hill of La Mola (192 m). On the coast of Formentera beaches and coves abound.
3697:. Its municipality has an area of 12 km and has a semicircle shape oriented to the east, where the coast, almost rectilinear, faces east. The terrain is very flat, where the maximum altitudes are close to 30 meters in the west. The coast is dominated by beaches.
3492:
is the largest island of the archipelago with a surface area of 2034 km, and is located 60 km west of Gran Canaria, in the central part of the Canary Islands. The terrain of the island is very mountainous and is articulated around the stratovolcano
3341:
coast. 460 km separate the western and eastern ends of the archipelago and 190 km separate the northern and southern limits of the archipelago. The Canary Islands are composed of seven main islands arranged from west to east and two islets,
2474:
are flat but slightly sloping terrains between the outer mountain chains and the center of the depression. They are formed by thick and hard materials from the mountainous reliefs transported by the rivers. In them, mainly in the Pyrenean somontano,
3513:, whose maximum altitude is 1024 meters, Teno and Adeje being the oldest territories of the island, from which depart the volcanic ridges that unite in the center to form the Teide-Cañadas complex. A characteristic element of the island are the
3545:
the island. The valleys that radiate from the center follow one another in the geography of the island, and on the coasts there are abundant cliffs and wave-cut platforms. The volcanic plugs such as the one in Agando are very characteristic.
3734:. The total land area is 52.5 ha, the terrain is rugged and rocky and the highest point is in the Cerro Nido de las Águilas, on the Isla del Congreso, with 137 m above sea level. Beaches are very scarce on the coast of the islands.
2829:
and separates the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. The Andalusian Atlantic coast has a northwest-southeast orientation, and is characterized by being very rectilinear and having almost exclusively beaches. Further inland,
2560:
The almost 4600 km of coastline of peninsular Spain belong to the Mediterranean Sea in the northeast, east, southeast and south, to the Cantabrian Sea in the north, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest and southwest.
3229:
is the largest island of the archipelago and the most rugged. It is located in the center of the Balearic Islands, has a surface of 3620,42 km and an approximately square shape. Its terrain is quite flat except for the
3350:. It is of volcanic origin due to its formation by the accumulation of sediments from the eruptions, which in turn came from the Atlantic seafloor. The terrain of the islands is mountainous, with an important presence of
3834:, the Arabs and later the Christians had difficulties in conquering territories because the inhabitants of mountainous areas knew the orography of their land well, while the invaders did not. The conquest of the
2100:, a group of mountain chains located in the autonomous community of Catalonia. They have a southwest-northeast orientation and extend along 250 km parallel to the Mediterranean coast, and go from the
2483:(as in the Riglos) as well as erosive pits or depressions in the softer materials, which can be small (giving rise to salty plains of little depth and temporary character) or of great dimension (pits of
3031:. Due to the reliefs of the Baetic Systems it has an abrupt coastline, but just as there are rocky coasts there are also low coasts. Such is the case of the Gulf of Alicante and the Segura basin. The
2046:, one of the highest mountain ranges in Spain and one of the most extensive with its 415 km of length and its 150 km of average width. The mountain range is located on the border with
3676:, 195 m high. Mount Anyera, with an altitude of 349 meters, is the highest point in Ceuta. The coastline is dominated by wave-cut platforms and cliffs rather than beaches. It also includes the
3586:
with its 2426 meters of altitude. The coastline is very rugged and there are many cliffs and shallows due to the proximity of the mountains and valleys. Beaches are scarce and small in size.
1733:. These mountains are not particularly high, since the highest peak, the Villuerca Alta, measures 1603 m asl. To this mountain range belongs the Sierra de Guadalupe, located in the center of
2539:. The predominance of clayey materials has given rise to gently rolling countryside. When the limestone mantles emerge, tables and hills or alcores are formed. The depression was filled by
984:, all of them belonging to the Sistema Central. In its east-northeast limit is the Iberian system, and in the north it limits with the Cantabrian Range. The whole submeseta belongs to the
2587:
bathes the northern coast of the peninsula, oriented from west to east and with an approximate length of 550 km. It runs from Estaca de Bares in Galicia, and the border between the
592:, which in turn alter the processes of fluvial erosion: in the coldest phases the rivers will have less flow than in the thaw when they increase their erosive force and form the cliffs.
1716:, with 2592 m asl. Some of its mountain chains are the Sierra de Gata and Sierra de Gredos in its western half, and the Sierra de Guadarrama and Sierra de Ayllón in its eastern half.
404:(or Hercynian folding), of great intensity. After them, the western territories of the Peninsula acquired a physiognomy similar to the present one. To the north, east and south, the
3111:
It stretches from the Ebro delta to Cap de Creus. It presents very contrasted terrains, from deltas and plains to cliffy coasts. The most important delta is the Ebro delta, and the
2936:. This stretch of Mediterranean coast has a southwest-northeast orientation, and is less articulated than the Andalusian coast, with a notable predominance of beaches. The capes of
1515:
3464:
stands out. On the coasts, cliffs abound (especially in the west) and the wave-cut platforms, with numerous coves at the mouth of the ravines and extensive beaches in the south.
840:
is the main element of the terrain because it is located in the center of the country, occupies a large area and around it the mountain ranges and depressions are articulated.
569:
that emerge from the highest part of the mountain and run through the valley to the base; if it fits between mountains and carves a valley in the shape of a "U" it is called a
2515:
is located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, has an area of approximately 35,000 km, a length of 600 km and the river around which it is articulated is the
3672:
are coastal. The terrain is slightly mountainous in the west, in the border area with Morocco. It is worth mentioning at its eastern end the cape of the Punta de Almina, and
3582:, abruptly emptied by a spill whose opening gave rise to the Barranco de las Angustias, which collects the largest amount of rainwater on the island. The highest peak is the
2083:
have the highest peaks (many of them exceeding 3000 m); and the Catalan Pyrenees, which also have peaks above 3000 meters. The highest elevation of the mountain range is the
554:
origin. Volcanic phenomena also appear in fragmented areas or faults such as Olot and La Mancha. In addition, rivers take the current configuration and begin their erosion.
2535:. The depression has an average altitude of 100 meters above sea level, making it the lowest in the peninsula. At the mouth of the river there are marshes protected by the
1650:
3011:
2453:. The depression has an average altitude of 200 meters above sea level, which stands out with the high elevations that surround it. At the mouth of the river is the Ebro
2916:. The coast of Andalusia is oriented from west to east and is slightly articulated. In general, beaches abound, although there are also many beaches in areas where the
1635:
2991:
1680:
2352:
3806:, and the battles and wars that have been fought there. It must be taken into account that, until a little over two hundred years ago, access to many parts of the
2023:
1453:
3270:
hills located in the interior zone. The highest point is the hill of La Talaiassa (475 m). On the coast of Ibiza there are both high coast and beaches and coves.
1857:
system with southeast-northwest orientation and a length of about 600 km that acts as a natural boundary between the two Castillas and Aragon. It begins in
1505:
2001:
2490:
In the center of the depression, the strata are horizontal and alternately hard limestones and clays, marls and soft gypsum. As a result, there is a relief of
1575:
2777:
2771:
2230:
1882:
1591:
1469:
3058:
3052:
2967:
2347:
968:
The Submeseta Norte is located exclusively in Castilla y León and has an average altitude of 700 meters above sea level. It borders in the south with the
344:, very influenced by water erosion in this type of lithology. We find different morphologies: dolines, karstic hills belonging to the alpine regions, etc.
2338:
3505:, besides being the third largest volcano on Earth from its base. Teide closes to the north the impressive amphitheater that is the volcanic caldera of
3847:
network until technologies allowed the construction of mountain routes. This lack of modern means of transport meant a delay in the development of the
2247:(Catalan Mediterranean System). Located to the northeast, they constitute a double mountainous alignment that run parallel to the Mediterranean coast.
2236:
2224:
1442:
74:
of peninsular Spain. In spite of being bathed by the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, half of its surface is at 660 m or more above sea level.
3299:
The coasts of the Balearic Islands are high, since in many places the mountains reach the sea. If the sea bathes a plain, the coast is low and sandy.
3064:
2630:
1886:
2948:, a large saltwater lake separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a thin strip of land. Between Cap de la Nau and the delta of the Ebro River is the
1500:
3578:, a mountainous area whose peaks are arranged in the shape of a C, creating several valleys. As its name indicates, the Caldera de Taburiente is a
2343:
1565:
1520:
1484:
3256:
maximum altitude is the hill of El Toro with its 355 meters. The coast of Menorca is interspersed with small cliffs, extensive beaches and coves.
1123:
3756:. It measures about 170 meters long by 86 meters wide, has a surface area of approximately 0.15 km and has a maximum altitude of 15 meters.
2912:
Sea is the longest in Spain. It runs from the Strait of Gibraltar, located at the southern end of Andalusia, to the border between Catalonia and
1474:
1362:
481:
was of orogenic calmness, characterized by the erosion of what already existed, and sedimentation of materials in the different marine trenches.
3790:
joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of sand. It has an area of approximately 19 000 m and a maximum altitude of 87 m above sea level.
2421:, has an area of approximately 40,000 km and a length of 900 km. It extends from west to east through the autonomous communities of
2747:
2642:
17:
4072:
2928:, located in the extreme southeast of Andalusia, is the boundary between the Andalusian coast and the Levantine coast, which is home to the
1432:
565:, a kind of circular depression under the influence of ice that occurs at higher altitudes and gives rise to a series of ice tongues called
999:. It has an average altitude of 670 meters above sea level and is limited by successive mountain ranges. In the northwestern limit are the
4060:
1488:
3242:(1348 m). Except for the coasts near the Sierra de Tramontana where cliffs abound, beaches are very predominant on the Mallorcan coast.
1301:
991:
The Submeseta Sur is located in the autonomous communities of Madrid, Castilla-La Mancha, in the eastern half of Extremadura and in the
550:
period there are changes in the landscape, which are eustatic movements that affect the sea level. There are both rises and falls, with
2267:(Baetic System). Located to the south, they constitute a double mountainous alignment that run parallel along the Mediterranean coast.
2125:, a group of mountain chains and ranges that form a geographic unit. The Baetic mountain systems are divided into two main groups: the
1158:
1901:
with its 2313 m a.s.l. Therefore, the Iberian system separates the plateau from the Ebro depression and the Levantine coast from the
1138:
520:
emerged. Alpine foredeep were also formed, which are depressions that precede the mountain ranges and will be filled with materials.
1108:
899:
natural resources in space and, consequently, of human economic activities, giving rise to a great plurality of human landscapes.
2615:(43º 47' 36'' N), located on this coast. In addition to this cape, there are other important ones such as Peñas in Asturias, and
3608:
The coasts of the Canary Islands are some high coasts, with cliffs; and others of low coasts with sandy or stony beaches, where
3216:, since Mallorca and Ibiza are joined underwater through a strait; and Menorca is joined with the Catalan Mediterranean System.
2588:
2059:
1833:
1031:
The main mountain ranges of the peninsula can be considered, in relation to the Meseta Central, organized into three groups:
358:
period). They are sedimentary and have not been folded. The predominant material is clay to which other materials are added.
3575:
3552:
921:, with an average altitude of 650 meters above sea level. This is located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, in the
1754:
1372:
233:
4078:
2543:
deposits from the Guadalquivir River, its tributaries and marine sediments. The lands are fertile, even more so in the
1660:
2370:(Galician Massif). Ancient and very eroded terrain with a rounded shape. It occupies most of the territory of Galicia.
4039:
4020:
4001:
3951:
3913:
3767:
1914:, a mountain system that extends from west to east with a length of 400 km, making it the natural boundary of
1560:
368:
2087:
with its 3404 m, being the second highest peak of the Iberian Peninsula. To the south of the Pyrenees extends the
1725:, a small mountain range 350 km long and 100 km wide that extends from west to east in the provinces of
3885:
922:
149:(in the southeast) are the highest mountain ranges, located outside the Meseta Central. Surrounding this is the
4099:
3680:, located 200 meters north of the coast to the northwest of the municipality and has an area of 1.35 km.
883:
depressions, and the coastal plains of the Mediterranean coast. The seas that bathe the Spanish coast are the
4066:
3308:
1706:
Within the Meseta Central there are two mountain systems: the Sistema Central and the Montes de Toledo. The
3213:
2953:
2446:
2244:
2095:
1286:
1213:
864:
3693:
is a municipality located on the North African coast, south of the Andalusian coast and has a border with
2611:, as well as by the scarcity of beaches and plains. The northernmost point of the Iberian Peninsula is at
1023:
flows with the same orientation in the southern half. Both basins are separated by the Montes de Toledo.
580:
Another type of modeling occurs in the lower elevations, the periglacial domain, which is very common in
3234:, located on the north coast of the island. Here are the highest peaks of all the islands which are the
3880:
1781:
1545:
134:, located in the southwest of the peninsula, and the Ebro river depression, located in the northeast.
4094:
2256:
2113:
1246:
1231:
318:), much harder and more resistant than slate, of which there is a variant called Armorican quartzite.
82:
is characterized by being quite high, with an average altitude of 660 meters above sea level, quite
3727:
3347:
2735:
2654:
725:
3942:
Albet Mas, A.; Benejam Arguimbau, P.; Casas Vilalta, M.; Comas Solé, P.; Oller Freixa, M. (2011).
1820:, acting as a natural boundary between Castilla y León and the Cantabrian autonomous communities (
447:, etc., which are the main basis of the peninsula's mineral wealth. This movement affected all of
3810:
was complicated because it was necessary to overcome mountain ranges. For example, to access the
3370:
2838:
fields abound as the terrain is very low (rarely exceeding 50 meters) and flat (the mouth of the
1878:
875:
make up mid-mountain areas, the most abundant in rugged areas. The flat areas are made up of the
27:
2706:
2536:
1996:
1874:
1311:
266:) is the most predominant in the north and the Canary Islands, while the low coast (presence of
3583:
3078:
It presents an arc that spans the Cap de La Nao and ends in the salient of the Ebro delta. The
2676:, oriented from north to south. It runs from the tip of the Ria de Ribadeo to the mouth of the
2290:
1915:
1630:
1173:
934:
689:
185:
4055:
3748:
is an islet located in the Mediterranean Sea, 2 km north of the African coast and in the
3632:
2882:
1730:
3848:
3752:. It integrates, along with two uninhabited islets, the Isla de Tierra and Isla del Mar, the
3087:
2544:
2281:
2250:
2154:
2109:
2101:
1611:
1218:
658:
3423:
is an island located 10 km southwest of Lanzarote and 101 km west of the coast of
3402:
2318:
1840:
with its 2648 m asl. Thus, the Cantabrian Range separates the plateau from the coast of the
1407:
3967:
3838:
was also delayed for this reason. In the flat areas, especially in the Meseta Central, the
2402:
1986:
1964:
1948:
1862:
1812:
1799:
1764:
1695:
1342:
1281:
1083:
1004:
977:
852:
820:
505:
150:
3509:, with a flat bottom at 2100 meters. At the three vertexes of the island are the volcanic
2276:
286:
mountainous belt that surrounds the peninsula and makes access to the interior difficult.
8:
3668:. Its municipal district has an area of 18.5 km and more than three quarters of its
3661:
3506:
3393:
3231:
3046:
2933:
2870:
2826:
2323:
2162:
965:: the Submeseta Norte (Northern Subplateau) and the Submeseta Sur (Southern Subplateau).
930:
209:
3042:
The main elements of the Mediterranean coast, ordered from southwest to southeast, are:
2963:
The main elements of the Mediterranean coast, ordered from southwest to northeast, are:
2328:
1769:
1357:
1008:
981:
926:
3870:
3707:
3457:
3239:
2759:
2702:
2564:
2479:
or rocky towers are formed, individualized by erosion taking advantage of the vertical
1898:
1894:
1726:
1377:
996:
225:
3827:
3623:
2450:
2300:
2142:
1991:
1981:
1866:
1849:
1803:
1645:
1296:
1261:
860:
828:
as seen from satellite. The snow-covered areas are the highest areas of the peninsula.
509:
154:
4035:
4016:
3997:
3947:
3909:
3807:
3753:
3745:
3723:
3719:
3523:
3202:
3198:
3139:
2917:
2909:
2789:
2694:
2600:
2532:
2511:
2438:
2418:
2313:
2270:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2130:
2126:
2055:
2018:
1927:
1902:
1870:
1606:
1118:
961:, all of which flow westward. The Central system divides the Meseta Central into two
914:
884:
880:
440:
337:
255:
247:
229:
181:
131:
127:
2848:
The main elements of the Andalusian Atlantic coast, ordered from west to east, are:
2731:
The main elements of the Galician Atlantic coast, ordered from north to south, are:
2192:
1959:
1937:
779:
3875:
3803:
3519:
3190:
3171:
3135:
3097:
2985:
2949:
2929:
2417:
is located in the surroundings of the Ebro river, that is, in the northeast of the
2359:
2333:
2307:
2146:
2134:
1974:
1776:
1759:
1720:
1586:
1530:
1464:
1402:
1327:
1203:
1133:
1000:
973:
868:
832:
825:
585:
540:
517:
409:
401:
315:
263:
177:
166:
119:
36:
32:
3718:
which is 4 km away (35 º 11 'N 2º 26' W) and consists of three main islands:
2852:
2843:
2783:
2698:
2648:
2295:
1675:
4056:
Spanish official cartography, including National Topographic Maps MTN50 and MTN25
3941:
3843:
geography was one of the reasons why Spain did not have a sufficiently extensive
3653:
3548:
3510:
3112:
2864:
2822:
2765:
2724:
2673:
2612:
2480:
2367:
2200:
2196:
1969:
1933:
1821:
1816:
extends from west to east for 480 km along the entire northern limit of the
1744:
1708:
1699:
1535:
1322:
1236:
1103:
1088:
1061:
856:
570:
536:
467:
162:
107:
3118:
The main elements of the Mediterranean coast, ordered from south to north, are:
3093:
The main elements of the Mediterranean coast, ordered from south to north, are:
2716:
415:
Hercynian folding affected large masses of sediments that were transformed into
3844:
3835:
3811:
3677:
3514:
3498:
3424:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3147:
3143:
2858:
2669:
2616:
2584:
2524:
2458:
2286:
2037:
2013:
1841:
1795:
1749:
1626:
1427:
1387:
969:
946:
918:
908:
892:
888:
876:
837:
485:
452:
428:
303:
250:
Seas, has a great diversity of beaches, cliffs and rias. The high (presence of
243:
239:
212:
Islands in Castellón. Also from Spain are some small coastal enclaves in North
201:
197:
193:
189:
123:
56:
2595:. In general terms it is rectilinear and is characterized by the abundance of
2519:. It extends from east to west in a large part of the autonomous community of
2379:
4088:
3819:
3420:
3406:
3209:
3122:
3024:
2997:
2979:
2941:
2894:
2741:
2677:
2636:
2528:
2264:
2138:
2120:
2105:
2008:
1909:
1837:
1807:
1713:
1665:
1422:
1332:
1266:
1093:
872:
844:
743:
730:
694:
513:
501:
158:
146:
115:
67:
3715:
3452:
3438:
3358:(3715 m), located on the island of Tenerife, being also the highest of the
3003:
2957:
2925:
2842:
occupies almost the entire territory). This stretch of coastline forms the
2839:
2753:
2626:
The main elements of the Cantabrian coast, ordered from east to west, are:
2516:
2394:
2218:
1412:
1153:
761:
589:
581:
456:
405:
382:
60:
3398:
2821:, being this cape the southernmost of the peninsula (36º 00' 00'' N). The
3711:
3673:
3461:
3434:
3194:
2831:
2795:
2720:
2690:
2454:
1919:
1734:
1691:
938:
707:
340:
and are characterized by their high solubility. The type of landscape is
324:
these are more recent materials than the siliceous ones. It is formed by
173:
91:
2390:
2170:
1616:
1347:
813:
Source: General Directorate of the National Geographic Institute (Spain)
653:
141:
are very numerous and occupy almost half of the national territory. The
3749:
3280:
3235:
2973:
2937:
1944:
1550:
1251:
1019:
flows from east to west in the northern half of the submeseta, and the
547:
355:
274:) is typical of the south, the Mediterranean and the Balearic Islands.
103:
3142:
Sea and 90 km east of Cap de la Nau (Alicante). The other is the
2569:
3865:
3831:
3771:
3669:
3596:
3541:
3388:
3374:
3343:
3083:
3036:
2945:
2810:
2620:
2520:
2504:
on the softer materials, as a consequence of the aridity of the area.
2434:
2071:
1923:
1829:
1012:
420:
393:
389:
374:
325:
311:
71:
3365:
3362:
territory and the third largest volcano in the world from its base.
3313:
3166:
2877:
2809:
The Atlantic Ocean bathes the coasts of the autonomous community of
1392:
3823:
3612:
are formed. If it is of volcanic origin, the beach has black sand.
3570:
3556:
3489:
3475:
3467:
3226:
3028:
2814:
2681:
2540:
2500:
2442:
2422:
2212:
2180:
2042:
1858:
1854:
1825:
1596:
1198:
1183:
1168:
1148:
1020:
958:
848:
802:
797:
784:
766:
748:
712:
676:
640:
574:
524:
493:
489:
478:
378:
351:
333:
329:
142:
83:
3793:
3456:
shape, is articulated around a central plateau culminating in the
3334:
3151:
836:
mountain systems, since almost half of the surface is rugged. The
3860:
3783:
3694:
3690:
3665:
3579:
3351:
3252:
3182:
3086:
are common. Among the most important coastal lagoons there's the
3035:(coastal lagoons) are common in this area, such as Alicante, the
2889:
2426:
2079:
2063:
2051:
1817:
1789:
1271:
566:
551:
531:
497:
470:
is currently predominant, the most common expression of which is
462:
In this surface (western territories of the Peninsula), known as
432:
424:
397:
299:
221:
205:
111:
99:
95:
51:
3134:
Two archipelagos of islands belong to Spain. One of them is the
2956:
to the coast. The easternmost point of the Iberian Peninsula is
298:
these are the oldest materials. There are three types of rocks:
277:
3839:
3815:
3779:
3775:
3657:
3636:
3527:
3338:
3155:
2913:
2818:
2608:
2592:
2484:
2430:
2075:
2067:
2047:
1890:
992:
942:
562:
471:
448:
444:
213:
87:
3430:
1049:
599:
3799:
3787:
3649:
3502:
3494:
3471:
3359:
3355:
3266:
2712:
2685:
2596:
2184:
2084:
2031:
1847:
In the northeast and east limit of the Meseta Central is the
1836:). The highest altitude of the mountain range is the peak of
1188:
1016:
985:
954:
950:
671:
635:
416:
341:
307:
282:
267:
251:
217:
138:
43:
4079:
Game to demonstrate the knowledge about the relief of Spain.
3012:
List of Spanish provinces by sequence or length of coastline
2944:
in Alicante are worth mentioning. Next to Cape Palos is the
1045:
611:
408:
sea extended. The topographical relief thus formed took the
3609:
2921:
2835:
2412:
2383:
2176:
2088:
474:. The overall area forms what is known as siliceous Spain.
436:
271:
3178:
2094:
In the extreme northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are the
126:(central plateau) that occupies most of the center of the
4067:
Information and data of the topographical relief of Spain
3208:
The relief of the Balearic archipelago is related to the
2960:(3º 19' 19'' E), located in the northeast of this coast.
2604:
2129:, located in the southern area, along the coast with the
427:
formations. All this magmatic activity also gave rise to
259:
3635:
is the set of Spanish possessions on the north coast of
1955:
The mountain ranges surrounding the Meseta Central are:
1052:
602:
4061:
Web of information of the topographical relief of Spain
3822:
are located) from Europe, it is necessary to cross the
949:. The main rivers flowing through the plateau are the
887:
to the northeast, east, southeast and south, with the
328:
and is made up of large sedimentary packages from the
47:
Map of Spain showing terrain altitude and topography.
3615:
3522:
stands out, located in the northern municipality of
2208:
The mountain ranges outside the Meseta Central are:
2165:. The highest peak of the mountain range and of the
3714:in the Mediterranean Sea, located off the coast of
2108:. The system is formed by two mountain ranges: the
2058:. They belong to the autonomous communities of the
1740:The mountain ranges inside the Meseta Central are:
3946:(in Spanish). Seville: Vicens Vives. p. 354.
2701:. The westernmost point of peninsular Spain is at
2137:, located further north and bordering the east of
2119:In the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula are the
2050:, in the extreme northeast of the country, on the
1865:. To the mountain range belong mountains like the
412:(name of the ancient French Brittany) from NW-SE.
377:there was a continent that geologists have called
192:, seven islands of volcanic origin located in the
3294:
3161:
2036:There are mountain ranges that do not border the
4086:
2531:, and in the east and southeast limits with the
2527:. In its northern and northwestern limit is the
917:is articulated around a large central unit, the
3794:Influence of the relief in the history of Spain
3603:
3302:
1908:At the southern limit of the Meseta Central is
1038:Mountain ranges surrounding the Meseta Central.
161:in the south. Within the Meseta Central is the
2881:Andalusian coast (Playa de los Muertos in the
2461:have given rise to different forms of relief.
2191:In the northwest of the Peninsula, behind the
1790:Mountain ranges surrounding the Meseta Central
4010:
2153:. Some of the Baetic mountain chains are the
278:Geological evolution of the Iberian Peninsula
3627:Map of Spanish cities and islands in Africa.
3354:and high coasts. The highest of them is the
1604:
1584:
1462:
1420:
1400:
1320:
1259:
1211:
1146:
1081:
988:river basin, which flows from east to west.
176:of geographic interest belong to Spain: the
122:, the terrain is articulated around a large
3968:"Página Web Oficial de la Cueva del Viento"
1041:Mountain ranges outside the Meseta Central.
584:. The most important forms of modeling are
4034:(in Spanish). Editorial Oxford Educación.
2684:. It is the most articulated coastline in
2032:Mountain ranges outside the Meseta Central
1035:Mountain ranges inside the Meseta Central.
3333:, 1050 km southwest of the coast of
1046:Mountain ranges inside the Meseta Central
332:that were folded at the beginning of the
4011:Muñoz-Delgado, María Concepción (2003).
3991:
3903:
3622:
3547:
3526:, which is the largest volcanic tube in
3466:
3429:
3397:
3364:
3312:
3177:
3165:
2888:
2876:
2711:
2563:
2389:
2378:
2175:
1943:
1690:
1059:
819:
609:
200:; and of less importance: the island of
66:
50:
42:
26:
362:
14:
4087:
3518:existing on the island, the so-called
3023:The coast stretches from Gibraltar to
811:
2449:, and in the south and west with the
1885:(in the province of Cuenca), and the
258:) and articulated coast (presence of
184:, with a latitude similar to that of
3996:(in Spanish). Edita Diario El País.
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
2498:where limestones are preserved, and
843:The highest mountain ranges are the
595:
451:and gave rise, among others, to the
145:(in the northeastern limit) and the
132:depression of the Guadalquivir river
130:. Outside the plateau, there is the
3115:and Tordera deltas also stand out.
2406:Cenozoic and Quaternary sediments.
2112:, located along the coast, and the
500:was fractured and gave rise to the
400:movements took place, known as the
24:
4029:
3798:The rugged and complex terrain of
3497:(3715 m), the highest peak of the
2568:Cantabrian coast (Berria beach in
1026:
945:, and is slightly inclined to the
535:raise the alpine mountain ranges (
512:, after several million years the
25:
4111:
4049:
3992:Enríquez, María Fernanda (1992).
3922:
2680:, the border between Galicia and
2672:bathes the west-facing coasts of
2445:, in the east it limits with the
1719:The other mountain system is the
902:
604:Main peaks and mountains of Spain
238:The Spanish coast, bathed by the
3129:
2441:. In its northern limit are the
1060:
976:, and in the southeast with the
913:The topographical relief of the
895:to the northwest and southwest.
610:
369:Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
350:these are the newest materials (
90:countries and only surpassed by
4015:(in Spanish). Editorial Anaya.
3985:
3908:(in Spanish). Editorial Ariel.
3886:List of extreme points of Spain
2607:, the longest being the one of
1673:
1658:
1643:
1624:
1573:
1558:
1543:
1528:
1513:
1498:
1482:
1451:
1440:
1385:
1370:
1355:
1340:
1309:
1294:
1279:
1244:
1229:
1196:
1181:
1166:
1131:
1116:
1101:
810:
774:
738:
702:
666:
630:
3960:
3897:
3656:located on the north coast of
3295:Coasts of the Balearic Islands
3162:Relief of the Balearic Islands
2705:(9º 18' 19''), located in the
2374:
13:
1:
4032:Colección de mapas, Geografía
3786:and 117 km southeast of
3309:Geology of the Canary Islands
3150:, 1,050 km southwest of
3073:Valencian Mediterranean coast
2245:Cordilleras Costero-Catalanas
2149:, located to the east of the
2116:, located further northwest.
1054:Main mountain ranges in Spain
573:. This is very common in the
80:topographical relief of Spain
18:Topographical relief of Spain
3944:Ciencias sociales, geografía
3802:has directly influenced the
3604:Coasts of the Canary Islands
3337:and 100 km west of the
3303:Relief of the Canary Islands
3214:Catalan Mediterranean System
3201:Sea, 80 km east of the
3154:and 100 km west of the
2954:Catalan Mediterranean System
2689:most important low rias are
2447:Catalan Mediterranean System
2097:Catalan Mediterranean System
1684:
1669:
1654:
1639:
1620:
1600:
1581:
1569:
1554:
1539:
1524:
1509:
1494:
1478:
1459:
1448:
1436:
1416:
1396:
1381:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1317:
1305:
1290:
1275:
1255:
1240:
1225:
1207:
1192:
1177:
1162:
1142:
1127:
1112:
1097:
1067:
865:Catalan Mediterranean System
806:
793:
788:
775:
770:
757:
752:
739:
734:
721:
716:
703:
698:
685:
680:
667:
662:
649:
644:
631:
289:
234:Peñon de Velez de la Gomera.
7:
3906:Geografía General de España
3854:
3768:Peñon de Vélez de la Gomera
3761:Peñon de Vélez de la Gomera
3106:Catalan Mediterranean coast
2259:(Catalan Pre-Coastal Range)
10:
4116:
3881:List of mountains in Spain
3830:. The ancient Romans, the
3730:. They are protected as a
3306:
3018:Baetic Mediterranean coast
3009:
1932:In the northwest, next to
1897:. The highest peak is the
906:
373:From the beginning of the
366:
3904:de Terán, Manuel (1986).
2804:Andalusian Atlantic coast
2551:
2114:Catalan Pre-Coastal Range
1605:
1463:
1421:
1321:
1260:
1212:
1147:
1082:
1074:
1071:
824:Peninsular Spain and the
623:
620:
63:, are of volcanic origin.
3891:
3329:is located in the North
2813:between the border with
2736:Punta de Estaca de Bares
2470:or Pyrenean and Iberian
1928:Guadalquivir depression.
1077:
1068:
626:
196:, close to the coast of
137:The mountain systems of
4013:Geografía, Bachillerato
3804:history of this country
3325:The archipelago of the
2920:reaches the coast. The
2738:(Estaba de Bares Point)
2663:Galician Atlantic coast
2353:Sierra de las Estancias
2253:(Catalan Coastal Range)
1879:province of Guadalajara
1007:, and in the north the
336:. They are composed of
110:and the microstates of
3782:, 126 km west of
3628:
3584:Roque de los Muchachos
3560:
3479:
3442:
3410:
3378:
3322:
3186:
3175:
3082:and marshes as far as
2898:
2886:
2728:
2657:(Estaca de Bares Cape)
2573:
2398:
2387:
2291:Sierra de los Filabres
2188:
2024:Sierra de Hornachuelos
1952:
1703:
1247:Cordillera Transversal
1174:Mesa de los Tres Reyes
937:, the eastern half of
923:autonomous communities
829:
75:
64:
48:
40:
4100:Topography by country
3849:Industrial Revolution
3626:
3576:Caldera de Taburiente
3553:Caldera de Taburiente
3551:
3470:
3433:
3401:
3368:
3316:
3181:
3169:
3088:Albufera Natural Park
3049:(Strait of Gibraltar)
3047:Estrecho de Gibraltar
2892:
2880:
2873:(Strait of Gibraltar)
2871:Estrecho de Gibraltar
2780:(Ria of Muros y Noya)
2715:
2707:province of La Coruña
2567:
2545:Vega del Guadalquivir
2393:
2382:
2368:Macizo Galaico-Leonés
2271:Cordillera Penibética
2257:Cordillera Prelitoral
2179:
2141:and the south of the
2110:Catalan Coastal Range
2102:province of Tarragona
2040:. One of them is the
1965:Cordillera Cantábrica
1947:
1694:
1232:Cordillera Prelitoral
1104:Macizo Galaico-Leonés
941:and the southwest of
891:to the north and the
823:
157:in the east, and the
70:
54:
46:
30:
3750:bay of the same name
3515:Valles de La Orotava
3407:Fuerteventura Island
3394:Chinijo archipelago.
3232:Sierra de Tramontana
2537:Doñana National Park
2360:Cordillera Prebética
2308:Cordillera Subbética
2273:(Penibaetic System)
2233:(Aragonese Pyrenees)
1997:Sierra de Albarracín
1987:Sierra de la Demanda
1875:Sierra de Albarracín
1869:in La Rioja and the
1863:province of Albacete
1765:Sierra de Guadarrama
1696:Sierra de Guadarrama
1661:Sierra de las Nieves
1576:Sierra Las Estancias
1343:Sierra de Guadarrama
1312:Sierra de Albarracín
1282:Sierra de la Demanda
1078:Altitude (m.a.s.l.)
1005:Sierra de Guadarrama
978:Sierra de Guadarrama
627:Altitude (m.a.s.l.)
582:interglacial periods
516:were formed and the
488:stage occurs in the
363:Geological structure
310:(easily eroded) and
4073:Relief map of Spain
3778:) located in North
3662:Strait of Gibraltar
3633:plazas de soberanía
3618:plazas de soberanía
3439:Gran Canaria Island
2934:Valencian Community
2903:Mediterranean Coast
2883:province of Almeria
2827:Strait of Gibraltar
2792:(Ria of Pontevedra)
2778:Ría de Muros y Noya
2324:Sierra de Grazalema
2310:(Subbaetic System)
2265:Cordilleras Béticas
2231:Pirineos Aragoneses
2163:Sierra de Grazalema
1782:Sierra de Guadalupe
1561:Sierra de Grazalema
1454:Sierra Hornachuelos
1408:Sierra de Guadalupe
1184:Pirineos Aragoneses
879:, the Ebro and the
798:Pico de la Maladeta
410:Armorican direction
3871:Geography of Spain
3746:Peñon de Alhucemas
3739:Peñon de Alhucemas
3708:Chafarinas Islands
3702:Chafarinas Islands
3629:
3561:
3480:
3458:Pico de las Nieves
3443:
3411:
3379:
3323:
3240:Puig de Massanella
3187:
3176:
3100:(Gulf of Valencia)
3067:(Gulf of Alicante)
3061:(Gulf of Mazarrón)
2988:(Gulf of Valencia)
2899:
2887:
2840:Guadalquivir River
2774:(Ria of Corcubión)
2729:
2601:wave-cut platforms
2574:
2523:, and ends in the
2437:, and ends at the
2399:
2395:Guadalquivir River
2388:
2362:(Prebaetic System)
2319:Sierra Sur de Jaén
2251:Cordillera Litoral
2239:(Catalan Pyrenees)
2237:Pirineos Catalanes
2227:(Navarre Pyrenees)
2189:
2002:Serranía de Cuenca
1953:
1916:Castilla-La Mancha
1883:Serranía de Cuenca
1704:
1592:Sierra de La Sagra
1546:Sierra Sur de Jaén
1378:Canchal de la Ceja
1267:Sierra del Moncayo
1219:Cordillera Litoral
1199:Pirineos Catalanes
935:Castilla-La Mancha
830:
577:and higher areas.
523:At the end of the
464:Paleozoic basement
388:At the end of the
230:Peñon de Alhucemas
226:Chafarinas Islands
204:between Spain and
186:Castilla-La Mancha
153:in the north, the
86:compared to other
76:
65:
49:
41:
3808:Iberian Peninsula
3754:Alhucemas Islands
3724:Isla de Isabel II
3720:Isla del Congreso
3524:Icod de los Vinos
3203:Iberian Peninsula
3146:, located in the
3138:, located in the
3098:Golfo de Valencia
3065:Golfo de Alicante
3059:Golfo de Mazarrón
3055:(Gulf of Armería)
2986:Golfo de Valencia
2970:(Gulf of Almeria)
2918:Penibaetic System
2908:The coast of the
2867:(Point of Tarifa)
2859:Cabo de Trafalgar
2817:and the Punta de
2790:Ría de Pontevedra
2768:(Cape Finisterre)
2633:(Cape Machichaco)
2533:Penibaetic System
2512:Baetic Depression
2439:Mediterranean Sea
2419:Iberian Peninsula
2339:Sierra de Castril
2314:Sierra de Cazorla
2277:Serranía de Ronda
2225:Pirineos Navarros
2167:Iberian Peninsula
2159:Sierra de Cazorla
2151:Penibaetic system
2131:Mediterranean Sea
2127:Penibaetic System
2056:Iberian Peninsula
2019:Sierra de Aracena
1903:Mediterranean Sea
1871:province of Soria
1689:
1688:
1516:Sierra de Castril
1470:Sierra de Cazorla
1443:Sierra de Aracena
1287:Monte San Lorenzo
1169:Pirineos Navarros
1119:Fuentes Carrionas
915:Iberian Peninsula
885:Mediterranean Sea
818:
817:
814:
596:Peninsular relief
496:were formed, the
402:Hercynian orogeny
338:calcium carbonate
256:wave-cut platform
182:Mediterranean Sea
180:, located in the
128:Iberian Peninsula
72:Hypsometric curve
16:(Redirected from
4107:
4095:Geology of Spain
4045:
4026:
4007:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3939:
3920:
3919:
3901:
3876:Climate of Spain
3732:National Reserve
3580:volcanic caldera
3520:Cueva del Viento
3511:massifs of Anaga
3403:Tindaya Mountain
3375:Lanzarote island
3191:Balearic Islands
3172:Balearic Islands
3136:Balearic Islands
3053:Golfo de Almería
3039:and Torrevieja.
2968:Golfo de Almería
2950:Gulf of Valencia
2930:Region of Murcia
2861:(Cape Trafalgar)
2772:Ría de Corcubión
2639:(Gulf of Biscay)
2637:Golfo de Vizcaya
2578:Cantabrian coast
2334:Sierra de Segura
2329:Sierra de Huétor
2147:Prebaetic System
2135:Subbaetic System
1949:Cantabrian Range
1861:and ends in the
1813:Cantabrian Range
1800:Cantabrian Range
1794:Surrounding the
1777:Montes de Toledo
1770:Sierra de Ayllón
1760:Sierra de Gredos
1722:Montes de Toledo
1681:Morrón de Totana
1531:Sierra de Segura
1506:Peñón de la Cruz
1501:Sierra de Huétor
1403:Montes de Toledo
1358:Sierra de Ayllón
1328:Sierra de Gredos
1094:Torre de Cerredo
1064:
1050:
1009:Sierra de Ayllón
1001:Sierra de Gredos
982:Sierra de Ayllón
974:Sierra de Gredos
869:Montes de Toledo
853:Cantabrian Range
833:Peninsular Spain
826:Pityusic Islands
812:
614:
600:
561:One form is the
541:Montes de Toledo
518:Balearic Islands
506:Cantabrian Range
322:Limestone Spain:
296:Siliceous Spain:
216:: the cities of
178:Balearic Islands
167:Montes de Toledo
151:Cantabrian Range
120:peninsular Spain
37:Balearic Islands
33:peninsular Spain
21:
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4106:
4105:
4104:
4085:
4084:
4052:
4042:
4030:Sancho, Julio.
4023:
4004:
3994:Atlas de España
3988:
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3973:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3940:
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3916:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3857:
3796:
3774:(originally an
3654:autonomous city
3621:
3606:
3574:element is the
3557:La Palma Island
3476:Tenerife Island
3311:
3305:
3297:
3197:located in the
3164:
3132:
3125:(Gulf of Roses)
3014:
3000:(Gulf of Roses)
2982:(Cap de la Nau)
2893:Catalan coast (
2865:Punta de Tarifa
2855:(Gulf of Cadiz)
2825:is part of the
2823:Punta de Tarifa
2786:(Ria de Arousa)
2766:Cabo Finisterre
2762:(Cape Touriñan)
2754:Cabo de Ortegal
2744:(Ria of Ferrol)
2655:Estaca de Bares
2651:(Cape of Peñas)
2631:Cabo Machichaco
2613:Estaca de Bares
2554:
2487:and Barbastro).
2377:
2348:Sierra de María
2301:Sierra de Gádor
2202:Galician Massif
2074:. The Spanish,
2034:
1992:Picos de Urbión
1982:Sistema Ibérico
1970:Picos de Europa
1951:(Peña Ventosa).
1939:Montes de León.
1887:Sierra del Rayo
1867:Picos de Urbión
1792:
1755:Sierra de Béjar
1745:Sistema Central
1709:Sistema Central
1700:Sistema Central
1646:Sierra de Gádor
1536:Las Banderillas
1413:Pico Villuercas
1373:Sierra de Béjar
1297:Picos de Urbión
1214:Costero Catalán
1089:Picos de Europa
1072:Mountain range
1048:
1029:
1027:Mountain ranges
927:Castilla y León
911:
905:
857:Sistema Central
690:Pico del Veleta
641:Tenerife Island
624:Mountain range
598:
586:hydrofracturing
537:Sistema Central
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163:Sistema Central
108:North Macedonia
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4050:External links
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3828:Iberian system
3812:Meseta Central
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3763:
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3741:
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3678:Perejil Island
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3616:Relief of the
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3499:Canary Islands
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3425:Western Sahara
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3331:Atlantic Ocean
3327:Canary Islands
3319:Canary Islands
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3148:Atlantic Ocean
3144:Canary Islands
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3123:Golfo de Rosas
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3006:(Cap de Creus)
3001:
2998:Golfo de Rosas
2995:
2992:Delta del Ebro
2989:
2983:
2980:Cabo de la Nao
2977:
2971:
2940:in Murcia and
2906:
2905:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2853:Golfo de Cádiz
2844:Gulf of Cadiz.
2807:
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2756:(Cape Ortegal)
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2670:Atlantic Ocean
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2589:Basque Country
2585:Cantabrian Sea
2581:
2580:
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2550:
2549:
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2525:Atlantic Ocean
2507:
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2287:Sierra de Baza
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2221:(Pre-Pyrenees)
2193:Montes de León
2143:Iberian system
2122:Baetic Systems
2060:Basque Country
2038:Meseta Central
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
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2021:
2016:
2014:Sierra Madrona
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1960:Montes de León
1850:Iberian System
1842:Cantabrian Sea
1834:Basque Country
1804:Iberian System
1796:Meseta Central
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1566:Pico del Pinar
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1021:Guadiana River
970:Sierra de Gata
947:Atlantic Ocean
919:Meseta Central
909:Meseta Central
907:Main article:
904:
903:Meseta Central
901:
893:Atlantic Ocean
889:Cantabrian Sea
877:Meseta Central
861:Iberian System
838:Meseta Central
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532:Neogene period
514:Baetic Systems
510:Iberian System
486:alpine folding
453:Massif Central
367:Main article:
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240:Atlantic Ocean
198:Western Sahara
194:Atlantic Ocean
190:Canary Islands
155:Iberian System
124:Meseta Central
57:Canary Islands
31:Relief map of
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4003:84-86459-39-7
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3710:is a Spanish
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3238:(1445 m) and
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3210:Baetic System
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3199:Mediterranean
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3140:Mediterranean
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3130:Island relief
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3004:Cabo de Creus
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2760:Cabo Touriñan
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2750:(Ria of Laxe)
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2742:Ría de Ferrol
2740:
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2703:Cabo Touriñan
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2645:(Cape of Ajo)
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2529:Sierra Morena
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2282:Sierra Nevada
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:Sierra Morena
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
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1988:
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1983:
1980:
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1975:Montes Vascos
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1917:
1913:
1912:
1911:Sierra Morena
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:Torre Cerredo
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1808:Sierra Morena
1805:
1801:
1797:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Sierra Espuña
1674:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1636:Santa Bárbara
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Sierra Nevada
1610:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1517:
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1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Sierra Morena
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1363:Pico del Lobo
1361:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1333:Pico Almanzor
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1204:Pica d'Estats
1202:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Montes Vascos
1132:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:Sierra Morena
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:Baetic System
841:
839:
834:
827:
822:
804:
801:
799:
796:
792:
786:
783:
781:
778:
768:
765:
763:
760:
756:
750:
747:
745:
744:Monte Perdido
742:
732:
731:Sierra Nevada
729:
727:
726:Pico Alcazaba
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
696:
695:Sierra Nevada
693:
691:
688:
684:
678:
675:
673:
670:
660:
659:Sierra Nevada
657:
655:
654:Pico Mulhacén
652:
648:
642:
639:
637:
634:
618:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
593:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
555:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:Sierra Morena
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Paleozoic Era
386:
384:
380:
376:
375:Paleozoic Era
370:
357:
353:
349:
348:Clayey Spain:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
293:
287:
284:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Mediterranean
245:
241:
236:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
159:Sierra Morena
156:
152:
148:
147:Baetic System
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:Liechtenstein
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
69:
62:
59:, located in
58:
53:
45:
38:
34:
29:
19:
4081:(in Spanish)
4075:(in Spanish)
4069:(in Spanish)
4063:(in Spanish)
4031:
4012:
3993:
3986:Bibliography
3972:. Retrieved
3970:(in Spanish)
3962:
3943:
3905:
3899:
3797:
3765:
3760:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3728:Isla del Rey
3716:North Africa
3706:
3701:
3689:
3684:
3664:and borders
3648:
3643:
3630:
3617:
3607:
3595:
3590:
3569:
3564:
3540:
3535:
3488:
3483:
3453:Gran Canaria
3451:
3447:Gran Canaria
3446:
3419:
3414:
3387:
3382:
3324:
3298:
3288:
3279:
3274:
3265:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3225:
3220:
3207:
3188:
3133:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3041:
3032:
3022:
3017:
2994:(Ebro Delta)
2976:(Cape Palos)
2962:
2958:Cap de Creus
2926:Cabo de Gata
2907:
2902:
2847:
2808:
2803:
2784:Ría de Arosa
2730:
2717:Cíes Islands
2667:
2662:
2625:
2582:
2577:
2559:
2555:
2517:Guadalquivir
2510:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2459:arid climate
2411:
2400:
2207:
2201:
2190:
2121:
2118:
2096:
2093:
2091:depression.
2041:
2035:
1954:
1938:
1931:
1910:
1907:
1893:province of
1848:
1846:
1811:
1793:
1739:
1721:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1053:
1030:
995:province of
990:
967:
962:
912:
897:
881:Guadalquivir
842:
831:
780:Pico Marboré
762:Pico Maldito
603:
590:solifluction
579:
560:
556:
545:
529:
525:Cenozoic era
522:
490:Cenozoic era
483:
479:Mesozoic Era
476:
463:
461:
457:Black Forest
414:
387:
372:
347:
334:Cenozoic Era
330:Mesozoic Era
321:
295:
281:
237:
174:archipelagos
171:
136:
79:
77:
61:North Africa
3712:archipelago
3674:Mount Hacho
3507:Las Cañadas
3462:Roque Nublo
3435:Roque Nublo
3317:Map of the
3195:archipelago
3170:Map of the
2796:Ría de Vigo
2748:Ría de Laxe
2721:Ria de Vigo
2678:Minho river
2643:Cabo de Ajo
2403:depressions
2397:depression.
2386:depression.
2375:Depressions
2219:Prepirineos
2215:(Pyrenees)
1920:Extremadura
1855:mountainous
1735:Extremadura
1485:Sierra Orce
1154:Prepirineos
1124:Peña Prieta
1017:Tagus River
939:Extremadura
708:Pico Posets
316:metamorphic
210:Columbretes
92:Switzerland
84:mountainous
4089:Categories
3974:6 December
3307:See also:
3281:Formentera
3275:Formentera
3236:Puig Major
3010:See also:
2798:(Vigo Ria)
2695:Pontevedra
2603:and short
2467:somontanos
2415:depression
2413:Ebro river
2384:Ebro River
2173:(3478 m).
2145:; and the
2085:Pico Aneto
1936:, are the
1666:Torrecilla
1607:Penibético
1252:Puigsacalm
1223:Turó Gros
1189:Pico Aneto
1084:Cantábrico
963:submesetas
672:Pico Aneto
636:Pico Teide
552:glacialism
548:Quaternary
421:quartzites
356:Quaternary
326:carbonates
244:Cantabrian
188:; and the
104:Montenegro
3866:Orography
3832:Visigoths
3772:peninsula
3670:perimeter
3660:, on the
3597:El Hierro
3591:El Hierro
3542:La Gomera
3536:La Gomera
3474:Volcano (
3389:Lanzarote
3383:Lanzarote
3371:Timanfaya
3352:volcanoes
3344:Alegranza
3113:Llobregat
3084:Peñíscola
3080:albuferas
3037:Mar Menor
3033:albuferas
2946:Mar Menor
2811:Andalusia
2719:, in the
2621:Cantabria
2521:Andalusia
2472:foothills
2435:Catalonia
2199:, is the
2195:, within
2072:Catalonia
1924:Andalusia
1891:Aragonese
1830:Cantabria
1587:Prebético
1475:Empanadas
1465:Subbético
1149:Pirenaico
1013:La Mancha
993:Aragonese
530:From the
312:quartzite
290:Lithology
3855:See also
3845:railroad
3826:and the
3824:Pyrenees
3571:La Palma
3565:La Palma
3490:Tenerife
3484:Tenerife
3348:Graciosa
3227:Mallorca
3221:Mallorca
3212:and the
3029:Alicante
2932:and the
2815:Portugal
2682:Portugal
2541:alluvial
2501:badlands
2443:Pyrenees
2423:La Rioja
2213:Pirineos
2187:Massif).
2181:Pyrenees
2171:Mulhacén
2161:and the
2080:Andorran
2043:Pyrenees
1859:La Rioja
1832:and the
1826:Asturias
1806:and the
1714:Almanzor
1651:Launilla
1631:Filabres
1617:Mulhacén
1597:La Sagra
1433:Bañuelas
1348:Peñalara
1237:Montseny
1159:Cotiella
959:Guadiana
957:and the
871:and the
855:and the
849:Pyrenees
803:Pyrenees
785:Pyrenees
767:Pyrenees
749:Pyrenees
713:Pyrenees
677:Pyrenees
575:Pyrenees
567:moraines
508:and the
494:Pyrenees
455:and the
435:such as
433:minerals
425:granitic
398:orogenic
394:tectonic
379:Gondwana
354:era and
352:Cenozoic
304:plutonic
242:and the
232:and the
208:and the
143:Pyrenees
88:European
35:and the
3861:Terrain
3840:castles
3814:(where
3784:Melilla
3695:Morocco
3691:Melilla
3685:Melilla
3666:Morocco
3360:Spanish
3339:African
3289:Cabrera
3253:Menorca
3247:Menorca
3183:Menorca
3158:coast.
3156:African
2832:marshes
2725:Galicia
2674:Galicia
2570:Santoña
2427:Navarre
2197:Galicia
2169:is the
2104:to the
2064:Navarre
2054:of the
2052:isthmus
1934:Galicia
1899:Moncayo
1889:in the
1877:in the
1822:Galicia
1818:plateau
1798:is the
1731:Cáceres
1551:Pandera
1323:Central
1272:Moncayo
1262:Ibérico
1139:Aitxuri
1069:System
546:In the
441:mercury
342:karstic
300:granite
268:beaches
222:Melilla
206:Morocco
202:Alborán
112:Andorra
100:Albania
96:Austria
4038:
4019:
4000:
3950:
3912:
3820:Toledo
3816:Madrid
3780:Africa
3776:island
3658:Africa
3652:is an
3637:Africa
3528:Europe
3193:is an
3185:beach.
2942:La Nau
2914:France
2819:Tarifa
2699:Arousa
2609:Bilbao
2597:cliffs
2593:France
2552:Coasts
2492:molars
2485:Huesca
2481:joints
2477:mallos
2431:Aragon
2157:, the
2133:; the
2076:French
2068:Aragon
2048:France
1895:Teruel
1881:, the
1873:, the
1810:. The
1802:, the
1727:Toledo
1685:1,585
1670:1,919
1655:2,249
1640:2,269
1621:3,480
1601:2,383
1570:1,654
1555:1,872
1540:1,993
1525:2,013
1510:2,027
1495:2,045
1479:2,106
1437:1,324
1417:1,601
1397:1,492
1393:Jálama
1382:2,425
1367:2,272
1352:2,428
1337:2,592
1306:2,228
1302:Urbión
1291:2,270
1276:2,316
1256:1,515
1241:1,712
1208:3,143
1193:3,404
1178:2,428
1163:2,912
1143:1,551
1128:2,538
1113:2,188
1109:Teleno
1098:2,648
1015:. The
997:Teruel
953:, the
943:Aragon
931:Madrid
867:, the
863:, the
859:. The
851:, the
847:, the
807:3,309
789:3,328
771:3,350
753:3,355
735:3,366
717:3,375
699:3,392
681:3,404
663:3,478
645:3,715
571:trough
504:, the
498:Meseta
472:quartz
468:silica
449:Europe
445:pyrite
417:slates
406:Tethys
383:Tethys
252:cliffs
228:, the
224:, the
214:Africa
3892:Notes
3800:Spain
3788:Ceuta
3770:is a
3650:Ceuta
3644:Ceuta
3610:dunes
3503:Spain
3495:Teide
3472:Teide
3356:Teide
3335:Cadiz
3267:Ibiza
3261:Ibiza
3152:Cadiz
3027:, in
2938:Palos
2686:Spain
2496:flats
2455:Delta
2185:Aneto
1922:with
1489:María
986:Douro
955:Tagus
951:Douro
621:Name
429:veins
308:slate
283:Spain
272:coves
264:capes
218:Ceuta
139:Spain
118:. In
4036:ISBN
4017:ISBN
3998:ISBN
3976:2010
3948:ISBN
3910:ISBN
3818:and
3766:The
3744:The
3726:and
3631:The
3501:and
3346:and
3189:The
2924:and
2922:gulf
2836:dune
2834:and
2697:and
2691:Vigo
2668:The
2605:rias
2591:and
2583:The
2509:The
2464:The
2433:and
2410:The
2089:Ebro
2078:and
2070:and
1918:and
1853:, a
1729:and
1226:773
1003:and
980:and
972:and
588:and
539:and
484:The
477:The
437:lead
423:and
396:and
270:and
262:and
260:rias
254:and
246:and
220:and
172:Two
165:and
114:and
78:The
55:The
3405:, (
2619:in
2617:Ajo
2494:or
1698:, (
925:of
794:10
776:09
758:08
740:07
722:06
704:05
686:04
668:03
650:02
632:01
543:).
431:of
306:),
4091::
3924:^
3851:.
3722:,
3639:.
3559:).
3478:).
3441:).
3409:).
3377:).
2897:).
2885:).
2727:).
2709:.
2693:,
2623:.
2599:,
2572:).
2429:,
2425:,
2346:/
2289:/
2205:.
2066:,
2062:,
1905:.
1844:.
1828:,
1824:,
1737:.
1702:).
933:,
929:,
466:,
459:.
443:,
439:,
419:,
392:,
385:.
169:.
106:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
4044:.
4025:.
4006:.
3978:.
3956:.
3918:.
3555:(
3437:(
3373:(
3321:.
3174:.
2723:(
2547:.
2183:(
1629:-
1487:-
314:(
302:(
39:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
