478:
180:
322:
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expected when picked up. Tail and legs are slim but proportionate to the body, with distinctive oval paws. They have a gently rounded, slightly wedge-shaped head and blunted muzzle, with moderately almond-shaped eyes and ears set towards the outside of their head. The
American style is a rounder but sculpted head with a shorter body and sturdier appearance to reflect the old-fashioned Siamese and rounded Burmese from which it was originally bred in the United States. While many American breeders avoided using the extreme "contemporary" Burmese in favor of the more moderate "traditional" Burmese, the original Tonkinese breed standard was based on the extreme spherical style of the Burmese descended from Wong Mau.
418:
454:
1950:
59:
32:
430:
442:
501:(WCF) in only four base colors: black (brown, seal, natural), blue, chocolate (champagne), and lilac (platinum). All four base colors are allowed in the three colorpoint patterns. The GCCF accepts brown, blue, chocolate, lilac, cinnamon, and fawn, red, cream, plus caramel and apricot. These colors are allowed in the tortoiseshell and tabby patterns, and additionally the three colorpoint patterns. Similar to the GCCF,
194:
208:
265:. Tonkinese would be bred still but registered as either Burmese or Siamese, it was not until the 1950s that breeders would take interest in the cat. These breeders worked together on developing breeding lines with these cats and by 1965 the Tonkinese was recognised in Canada as a distinct breed — whence the name originated.
542:
Colors and patterns in any litter depend both on statistical chance and the color genetics and patterns of the parents. Breeding between two mink-patterned cats will, on average, produce half mink kittens and one quarter each pointed and sepia kittens. A pointed and a sepia bred together will always
513:
Like both parent breeds, Tonkinese are active, vocal and generally people-oriented cats, playful and interested in everything going on around them; however, this also means they are easily susceptible to becoming lonesome or bored. Their voice is similar in tone to the
Burmese, persistent but softer
538:
type, with coat color and pattern wholly dependent on whether individuals carry the
Siamese or Burmese gene. Breeding two mink Tonkinese cats does not usually yield a full litter of mink kittens, as this intermediate pattern is the result of having one gene for the Burmese solid pattern and one for
257:
The modern
Tonkinese breed is a reconstruction of a breed brought to the West in the 19th century. These cats were originally known as 'chocolate Siamese'. Breeders working with imported cats from Malaysia noticed some cats have aquamarine eyes and darker coats than the Siamese. In 1901 the Siamese
329:
Tonkinese are a medium-sized cat, considered an intermediate type between the slender, long-bodied modern
Siamese and European Burmese and the more "cobby", or substantially-built American Burmese. Like their Burmese ancestors, they are deceptively muscular and typically seem much heavier than
339:
239:
coat pattern in a variety of colors. In addition to the modified coat colors of the "mink" pattern, which is a dilution of the point color, the breed is now being shown in the foundation-like
Siamese and Burmese colors: pointed with white and solid overall (sepia).
291:
In the West, Tonkinese cats under the age of sixth months have historically been referred to as "small-cats" rather than "kittens" to reflect a more direct translation from
Burmese, although this term has become almost obsolete since the mid-20th century.
243:
The best known variety is the short-haired
Tonkinese, but there is a semi-longhaired (sometimes called Tibetan) which tends to be more popular in Europe, mainly in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.
308:(GCCF) recognised the breed in 1991. Today the breed is recognised in most of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Japan, and South Africa. Over 30 countries have Tonkinese cats featured on postage stamps.
514:
and sweeter than the
Siamese, similar to the gentle quacking of a duck. Like Burmese, Tonkinese are reputed to sometimes engage in such dog-like behaviors as fetching, and to enjoy jumping to great heights.
465:
543:
produce all mink patterned kittens. A pointed bred to a mink will produce half pointed and half mink kittens, and a sepia bred to a mink will produce half sepia and half mink kittens.
477:
392:"mink", a unique intermediate between the other two, in which the base is a lighter shade but still harmonious with the point color, and the eyes are a lighter blue-green, called
756:
389:"solid" or "sepia", similar to the Burmese, in which the color is essentially uniform over the body with only faintly visible points and golden-amber or green eyes; and
280:
breeds, with the aim of creating the ideal combination of both parent breeds' distinctive appearance and lively personalities. The cats thus produced were moved from
761:
493:
Depending on the cat registry, not all colors and patterns are allowed for the
Tonkinese cat breed. Tonkineses are currently officially recognized by the
272:
programs of two breeders working independently of each other. Margaret Conroy, of Canada, and Jane Barletta, of the United States, crossed the
526:
the Tonkinese was significantly under-represented, with only one of the recorded cases belonging to the breed against a population of 365.
1984:
1979:
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915:
883:
650:
141:
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386:"point", the classic Siamese-style dark face, ears, legs and tail on a contrasting white or cream base, and blue eyes;
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Many of the cats used to found the Siamese and Burmese in the West are believed to be Tonkinese, including
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1930:
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region of Indochina, though it is suggestive only, as the cats have no connection with the area.
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Black (also referred to as “brown”, “seal”, or “natural” by different fanciers or organizations)
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Lilac mink (top) and lilac point (bottom) kittens, notice the different eye colors
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classification to an established breed in 2001. The name is a reference to the
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1953:
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Counter-clockwise from top: blue mink, lilac solid/sepia and chocolate mink.
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1513:
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1473:
1468:
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1231:
1119:
1007:
987:
932:
535:
396:. They can be anywhere on the entire blue-green to green-blue spectrum.
281:
755:
Albasan, H.; Osborne, C. A.; Lulich, J. P.; Lekcharoensuk, C. (2012).
31:
1563:
1558:
1443:
1423:
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1201:
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405:
224:
505:(TICA) accepts all of the genetically possible colors and patterns.
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1025:
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893:
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Cat Club recognised them as a Siamese of the 'chocolate' type.
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Additional dilute modifiers (including “caramel”, “apricot”)
1856:
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1221:
924:
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The Tonkinese comes in the several colours listed below.
149:
889:
Tonkinese Breed Club UK: GCCF Breed Standard Tonkinese
762:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
730:
Helgren, J. Anne (1997). "6: The Recognized Breeds".
602:"Cat Fancier's Association: Breed Profile: Tonkinese"
800:"Tonkinese Genetics: Color, Coat Pattern, Eye Color"
884:Canadian Cat Association: Breed Profile: Tonkinese
734:. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. p. 220.
268:More modern Tonkinese cats are the result of the
1966:
488:
300:The breed received championship status with the
645:
643:
235:. Members of the breed are distinguished by a
909:
640:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
400:Additionally, all colors can present in the
748:
412:Examples of different colour Tonkinese cats
916:
902:
30:
757:"Risk factors for urate uroliths in cats"
585:
378:Each color also has three variations of
337:
320:
729:
1967:
1277:Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana
562:
560:
558:
556:
483:Chocolate mink and black point kittens
227:produced by crossbreeding between the
168:Mink Tonkinese cats showing signature
897:
621:
794:
792:
295:
553:
522:In a review of over 5,000 cases of
356:Chocolate (also called “champagne”)
13:
1985:Cat breeds originating in Thailand
1302:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy
879:Allevamento Argento Vivo Tonkinesi
820:
658:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy
572:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy
306:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy
14:
1996:
1762:Congenital sensorineural deafness
1317:The International Cat Association
1272:American Cat Fanciers Association
923:
872:
804:www.tonkinesebreedassociation.org
789:
703:The International Cat Association
503:The International Cat Association
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1980:Cat breeds originating in Canada
1949:
1948:
1297:Fédération Internationale Féline
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206:
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57:
828:The Complete Cat Owner's Manual
860:; Grosvenor House Publishing;
723:
695:
671:
615:
508:
359:Lilac (also called “platinum”)
311:
1:
546:
539:the Siamese pointed pattern.
489:Color and pattern recognition
316:
679:"WCF - World Cat Federation"
459:Chocolate tortoiseshell mink
7:
1931:List of longest-living cats
1812:Lower urinary tract disease
1792:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
1312:Southern Africa Cat Council
622:Houle, Tori (15 Dec 2014).
529:
10:
2003:
1287:Cat Aficionado Association
732:Encyclopedia of Cat Breeds
247:
185:Platinum (or “lilac”) mink
1944:
1918:
1875:
1767:Feline corneal sequestrum
1735:
1697:
1657:
1354:
1335:
1292:Cat Fanciers' Association
1262:
1128:
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1006:
931:
517:
495:Cat Fanciers' Association
423:Semi-longhaired blue mink
302:Cat Fanciers' Association
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107:
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83:
71:
66:
49:
41:
29:
24:
1282:Canadian Cat Association
858:Tonkinese Cats A History
213:Natural (or “seal”) mink
1926:List of individual cats
775:10.2460/javma.240.7.842
1802:Infectious peritonitis
1797:Immunodeficiency virus
343:
326:
1867:Viral rhinotracheitis
1842:Tritrichomonas foetus
1307:New Zealand Cat Fancy
1175:Cats in ancient Egypt
341:
325:Young blue mink adult
324:
1429:Colorpoint Shorthair
1327:World Cat Federation
1061:Cat–dog relationship
651:"Tonkinese Standard"
499:World Cat Federation
1629:Traditional Persian
1414:California Spangled
1384:Brazilian Shorthair
1180:Cultural depictions
1165:Cat-scratch disease
1549:Oriental Shorthair
1459:European Shorthair
1374:American Shorthair
1322:World Cat Congress
830:; Fog City Press;
628:Pet Health Network
524:urate urolithiasis
344:
327:
225:domestic cat breed
172:(blue-green) eyes.
36:Male Tonkinese Cat
1962:
1961:
1787:Hepatic lipidosis
1693:
1692:
1389:British Shorthair
998:Tortoiseshell cat
866:978-1-907652-68-4
707:"Tonkinese Breed"
296:Breed recognition
163:
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1992:
1952:
1951:
1936:Cats in folklore
1534:Norwegian Forest
1504:Kurilian Bobtail
1484:Japanese Bobtail
1464:Exotic Shorthair
1352:
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1217:National Cat Day
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894:
868:(softback, 2010)
859:
853:(hardback, 1998)
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838:(hardback, 1997)
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42:Common nicknames
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1877:Cats by country
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1529:Neva Masquerade
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1115:Righting reflex
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857:
856:Linda Vousden;
845:; TFH/Kingdom;
842:
841:Linda Vousden;
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821:Further reading
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624:"The Tonkinese"
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435:Blue tabby mink
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67:Breed standards
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1807:Leukemia virus
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873:External links
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843:Tonkinese Cats
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769:(7): 842–847.
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705:(2018-08-13).
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1584:Scottish Fold
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972:Coat genetics
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925:Domestic cats
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304:in 1984. The
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270:crossbreeding
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1737:Diseases and
1633:
1579:Russian Blue
1454:Egyptian Mau
1346:experimental
1197:Dog-like cat
1140:Ailurophobia
1105:Intelligence
961:Odd-eyed cat
826:Susie Page;
807:. Retrieved
803:
766:
760:
750:
731:
725:
714:. Retrieved
711:www.tica.org
710:
697:
686:. Retrieved
682:
673:
661:. Retrieved
657:
631:. Retrieved
627:
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605:. Retrieved
575:. Retrieved
571:
541:
534:Tonkin is a
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220:
219:
155:
150:Domestic cat
19:Breed of cat
16:Breed of cat
1900:New Zealand
1827:Polydactyly
1757:Calicivirus
1649:Turkish Van
1589:Selkirk Rex
1544:Ojos Azules
1434:Cornish Rex
1242:Library cat
1227:Working cat
1155:Cat massage
1150:Cat killers
1132:interaction
1043:Vaccination
978:Bicolor cat
607:November 6,
568:"Tonkinese"
509:Temperament
312:Description
156:Felis catus
1975:Cat breeds
1969:Categories
1822:Giardiasis
1675:Highlander
1574:Ragamuffin
1514:Maine Coon
1494:Khao Manee
1474:German Rex
1364:Abyssinian
1264:Registries
1247:Ship's cat
1232:Bodega cat
988:Calico cat
933:Felinology
809:2020-01-02
716:2023-07-23
688:2023-07-23
663:31 January
633:2020-01-02
577:31 January
547:References
536:crossbreed
497:(CFA) and
394:aquamarine
380:colorpoint
317:Appearance
282:crossbreed
170:aquamarine
1885:Australia
1847:Roundworm
1782:Heartworm
1739:disorders
1699:Landraces
1685:Serengeti
1634:Tonkinese
1604:Singapura
1564:Pixie-bob
1559:Peterbald
1479:Himalayan
1444:Devon Rex
1419:Chartreux
1340:full list
1202:Feral cat
1185:fictional
1145:Cat cafés
1130:Human–cat
1021:Declawing
993:Tabby cat
983:Black cat
951:Dwarf cat
408:patterns.
221:Tonkinese
199:Blue mink
25:Tonkinese
1954:Category
1837:Ringworm
1777:Coccidia
1680:Savannah
1609:Snowshoe
1599:Siberian
1524:Munchkin
1489:Javanese
1409:Burmilla
1379:Balinese
1357:domestic
1254:Zoonosis
1237:Farm cat
1190:Internet
1170:Cat show
1160:Cat meat
1100:Kneading
1076:valerian
1066:Catfight
1053:Behavior
966:Squitten
946:Genetics
783:22443437
683:wcf.info
530:Genetics
447:Red mink
362:Cinnamon
263:Wong Mau
142:standard
130:standard
118:standard
102:standard
90:standard
78:standard
54:Thailand
1919:Related
1670:Chausie
1594:Siamese
1569:Ragdoll
1554:Persian
1449:Donskoy
1404:Burmese
1222:Pet cat
941:Anatomy
278:Burmese
274:Siamese
248:History
237:pointed
233:Burmese
229:Siamese
125:CCA-AFC
1890:Canada
1832:Rabies
1752:Asthma
1722:Sokoke
1717:Kellas
1712:Cyprus
1707:Aegean
1665:Bengal
1658:Hybrid
1639:Toyger
1619:Sphynx
1614:Somali
1539:Ocicat
1469:Foldex
1439:Cymric
1399:Bombay
1394:Birman
1336:Breeds
1212:Lolcat
1120:Senses
1071:Catnip
1036:senior
1008:Health
956:Kitten
864:
849:
834:
781:
738:
518:Health
286:Tonkin
253:Origin
50:Origin
1895:Japan
1509:Lykoi
1499:Korat
1355:Fully
1016:Aging
654:(PDF)
406:tabby
371:Cream
223:is a
1857:Tick
1772:Flea
1747:Acne
1624:Thai
1519:Manx
1093:Purr
1088:Meow
1026:Diet
862:ISBN
847:ISBN
832:ISBN
779:PMID
736:ISBN
665:2024
609:2021
579:2024
365:Fawn
353:Blue
276:and
231:and
137:GCCF
109:ACFA
85:TICA
45:Tonk
1727:Van
771:doi
767:240
404:or
368:Red
113:CAA
97:ACF
73:CFA
1971::
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791:^
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642:^
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153:(
111:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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