1318:
cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (World
Tourism Organisation in Bhoj Raj K Hanal, 2007). In order for community based ecotourism to be successful (sustainable), there are many questions that need to be asked and answered in the planning process through implementation stages. One problem of participatory approaches must be pointed out - what defines “community” and “local” in terms of participation? Communities are not free of conflict, nor they are homogeneous. This fact can complicate any development plans for local communities — communities must agree on representatives for decision-making. According to the Quebec Declaration on ecotourism, ecotourism embraces the principles of sustainable tourism. The following principles distinguish it from the wider concept of sustainable tourism:
444:
452:
1565:
73:
1432:
their livelihood. In 2016, Tomohon economic activity ranged on 6.22% with gross domestic local product about 2.6 trillion. The local budget is about 645 billion, which are dynamic and passionate as the stimulus of various large-scale events that generate growth impacts. Life expectancy reached 72.95 years, this shows a good health status indicator with a clean and healthy lifestyle. In the road infrastructure that has been on the asphalt until the year 2015 reached 355.21 kilometers and farm roads that have been built in 2015 along the 3.8 kilometers.
2659:
102:
464:) called Tomohon that he had visited in 1850. The development of civilization and the dynamics of development and social implementation from year to year made Tomohon one of the capital districts in the Minahasa regency. In the beginning, Tomohon was a district of the Toumbulu people located in northwestern Minahasa, which consists of Talete, Kamasi, Paslaten, Kolongan, and Matani. In 1880, the Sarongsong district was united into Tomohon, and Kakaskasen district was combined in 1908. In 1927, Tomohon was integrated into
142:
40:
565:, flanked by two active volcanoes, those are Mount Lokon (1,689 m or 5,541 ft) and Mount Mahawu (1,311 m or 4,301 ft). The area is mostly made of young volcanic rock, with a composition of andesitic and basaltic tuff, and is of a brittle nature and easily eroded. The material component of the volcanic eruption with a cool temperature increase the fertile soil, and for the people taking advantage to produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers. In the southern, there's a
2526:
58:
249:
1587:
1313:(CBET) is tourism that is managed by the community for the tourist destinations. With general tourism, tourist visits are often marketed and organised by private travel companies and government-protected areas where the bulk of the profits go to the private companies and government enterprises. In contrast, CBET is managed and run by the community itself, management decisions are made by local people and profits directly go to the community. CBET itself, is a part of
217:
512:
1600:
495:) of Minahasa Regency recommended the aspirations for the establishment of South Minahasa Regency, Tomohon and North Minahasa Regency; which was also supported by The Provincial Government of North Sulawesi. The formation of South Minahasa Regency and Tomohon was established by the Central Government by issuing the Act No. 10 of 2003 and the establishment of the North Minahasa Regency through Act No. 33 of 2003.
2514:
520:
149:
109:
581:(Tomohon's neighbor city) which is at a lower land nearby the sea. Tomohon is situated at an altitude of about 700–1,000 metres (2,300–3,300 ft) above sea level (asl), Temperatures in Tomohon in the daytime are between 17–30 °C (63–86 °F) and 16–24 °C (61–75 °F) at night. Tomohon has a
1463:
ritual also done in the parade. The parade commences from the northern part of
Tomohon which is Kakaskasen through the main city road, until the end of the parade, which usually stops at the "Tololiu Statue" at the center of the city. For better tourism atmosphere through Tomohon, using a traditional
1431:
Tomohon has been classified as a medium city (based on the total population) and classified as polis city (based on the level of city development). It is an area that developed into a city that still has the nature of agrarianism. It is called agrarian because most of its inhabitants are farmers by
527:
Tomohon is located at 1°15' North and 124°50' East. Tomohon, formed by Law No. 10 of 2003) is 14,721 hectares (36,380 acres) in area, with a population of 100,587 inhabitants at the 2020 Census. In general, Tomohon is located on the main circulation route connecting Manado as the provincial capital
1395:
known for selling exotic animals and wildlife. The market attracted criticism from celebrities and animal activists in
Indonesia and abroad for the sale of dog and cat meat as well as slaughter methods used. Following a years-long activist campaign, Tomohon mayor Caroll Senduk signed a law banning
486:
In the early decades of the 2000s, people in some parts of the
Minahasa regency bore inspiration and aspirations of the strategic environmental trends both internally and externally for regional expansion. Efforts at reformation and the implementation of regional autonomy had been accelerating the
498:
The establishment of the legislative institution of
Tomohon came as election results of 2004, resulting in Tomohon Regional Regulation Number 22 Year 2005 about Regional Symbol and Regulations of Tomohon and No. 29 of 2005 about the Anniversary of Tomohon. Tomohon inaugurated the Minister of Home
1317:
development, because it is meets the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining
1489:
starting from
Kindergarten to University education centres; there are also many educational centres in Tomohon for student and school needs. In May 2017, Tomohon has 327 kindergartens, 68 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, and 10 high schools. Tomohon also has several universities such as:
487:
process of accommodation people's aspirations for the expansion of the region. Through a long legal process and mature consideration in order to accelerate national development for the welfare of society, then the
Minahasa regency government along with the Regional Representatives Council (
1340:
There are several colorful parks in the center of the city with various flowers. The local government of
Tomohon City routinely holds an annual flower festival which is able to attract many tourists to come to Tomohon. Other tourism destinations include Lake Linow,
408:. It covers an area of 147.21 km, and had a population of 91,553 at the 2010 Census, rising to 100,587 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 103,072 (comprising 52,006 males and 51,066 females). Tomohon was formerly a part of the
459:
Tomohon has been written of in several historical records. One of them was found in the ethnographic works of
Reverend Nicolaas Graafland, written on 14 January 1864. He described a heart-capturing country on the Minahasa highland in Northern Celebes
1396:
dog and cat meat trading at the market in July 2023, and traders at the market agreed not to sell, slaughter, or traffic in dogs and cats. This market has been described as a "cafeteria for animal pathogens" and a "time bomb", because of the risk of
1033:) tabulated below with their areas and their areas and their populations as at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the location of the district headquarters, the number of
1388:. The 'Visit Tomohon 2008' campaign promoted tourist visits Tomohon. Some of the agendas on Visit Tomohon 2008 were a cultural and music festival, flower exhibition, photography competition, fashion style, and a seminar on flower cultivation.
1484:
Tomohon itself is usually called "Kota Siswa" which means "City of
Students" after then it was changed to "Kota Bunga" meaning "City of Flowers" after upgrading the status of their residence into an autonomous city. Tomohon itself provides
1017:). The mayor (walikota) leads the city administration. The first mayor of Tomohon was Boy Simon Tangkawarouw. Since 2005, city residents have directly voted for a mayor, and Jefferson SM Rumajar elected as the first definitive mayor.
468:
as a district, and in 1935, Tombariri district was combined with Tomohon district under Manado. In 1945, Tomohon was separated from Manado and again became the Tomohon district with two subdistrict: Tomohon and Tombariri. During the
1001:
The city area based on the Village Potential Data 2014 was formerly calaculated as being 147.21 km, but is now officially measured at 169.1 km. The city administration is divided into 5
1962:
1874:
2103:
569:, a naturally formed crater from volcanic eruption. Around the lake, there are various geothermal manifestation such as hot springs, fumarole, and also mud pool.
1524:
Located inside the Lokon St. Nikolaus campus, there is a Mount Lokon Observatory (MLO). In the observatory's dome which is five meters in diameter there are a
2731:
2376:
1875:"UU 10/2003 Pembentukan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Dan Kota Tomohon Di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam Kompilasi Hukum Tata Negara Dan Administrasi Negara"
1369:
1385:
2177:
2203:
1453:
443:
2077:
2051:
2702:
2151:
1564:
1358:
1354:
30:
1970:
2562:
1362:
1350:
370:
177:
2331:
2305:
1742:
2425:
2354:
2261:
1695:
1878:
2487:
2459:
72:
1925:
1532:`s space telescopes. This observatory established since October 2011, and was inaugurated by the North Sulawesi governor
2107:
2229:
1325:
Includes local and indigenous communities in its planning, development and operation contributing to their well-being;
2726:
101:
586:
475:
between March 1956 and October 1961, some of the Tombariri was combined with Tomohon. In 1974–2003, Tomohon was a
2613:
2608:
1966:
1746:
1405:
141:
2658:
2129:
2603:
476:
360:
2380:
2555:
1558:
transportation to various places inside and outside the city, and also serve bus transportation to Manado.
582:
2283:
451:
2633:
57:
2471:
De Minahassa: haar verleden en haar tegenwoordige toestand (eene bijdrage tot de taal- en volkenkunde)
2598:
435: ) production, vegetable agriculture, as a center of Christian Ministry, and as a student town.
348:
2402:
2667:
2518:
1720:
39:
2638:
2548:
1533:
1331:
lends itself better to independent travelers, as well as organizes tours for small sized groups.
2648:
2643:
2628:
2623:
1670:
1034:
1026:
1002:
241:
209:
1852:
1010:
1992:
416:, but it officially became a city separated from the Regency, inaugurated on 4 August 2003.
2309:
2081:
2055:
1699:
229:
8:
2590:
2540:
1314:
1900:
1586:
1830:
1528:
and a Hunter manual telescope. A special feature of the MLO was that was connected to
2483:
2455:
2237:
2178:"Dogs and cats blow-torched alive at Indonesia 'extreme' market despite promised ban"
933:
340:
1448:, which were both active volcanoes until now. Also once a year, Tomohon commences a
592:), with a significant amount of rainfall during the year even for the driest month.
2721:
2618:
1604:
1420:
1328:
interprets the natural and cultural heritage of the destination to the visitor; and
555:
549:
543:
537:
529:
480:
409:
2204:"A market slaughtering dogs was a top tourist attraction. Then a video was leaked"
2529:
2572:
413:
400:
395:
254:
78:
2029:
1440:
Such tourism attractions in Tomohon are suitable to visit, like the volcanoes
419:
Tomohon is known for flower planting at people's homes. Nearby is the volcano
2715:
2241:
1381:
859:
192:
179:
2052:"Average of Temperature and Humidity per month in Tomohon Municipality 2015"
1877:(in Indonesian). E-Codification and Legal Information System. Archived from
1445:
1377:
1373:
562:
428:
2525:
1322:
Contributes actively to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage;
503:
on behalf of the President of the Republic of Indonesia on 4 August 2003.
1525:
1441:
1346:
424:
561:
The geography of Tomohon is located in the Asian portion of the Pacific
2680:
1904:
1554:. Tomohon Terminal is a transportation hub in Tomohon city, serves the
1392:
1310:
566:
2262:"Berapa Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk dan Ekonomi Tomohon? Simak Data Ini"
2452:
Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift
2426:"Okegawa-Tomohon Bahas Brige Toward The Sister City Exchange Project"
1929:
1591:
1494:
Education and Psychology Faculty, Manado State University, in Tomohon
405:
331:
222:
126:
1550:, a traditional horse cart. Public transportation is often used is
1457:
1401:
1397:
471:
234:
122:
1546:
511:
431:. Tomohon is also known for wooden-house production, palm-sugar (
2230:"Where Bats Are Still on the Menu, if No Longer the Best Seller"
2685:
2675:
2582:
2513:
1486:
1449:
1342:
578:
519:
465:
336:
44:
1963:"Feast the Fascinating Floral Colors of Tomohon, near Manado"
1599:
1460:
1409:
528:
and other cities in North Sulawesi. Tomohon is surrounded by
1656:
1654:
1652:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
383:
2104:"Daftar Kecamatan, Kelurahan dan Desa Wilayah KOTA TOMOHON"
1926:"Thousands flee as Mount Lokon volcano erupts in Indonesia"
1743:"The Enchanting Tomohon International Flower Festival 2016"
1642:
1640:
1529:
2570:
2501:(in Indonesian). Tomohon: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
1833:(in Indonesian). Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan
2535:
1801:
1799:
1649:
1617:
2306:"N. Sulawesi to have sophisticated Mt Lokon observatory"
1637:
1368:
Some other tourism destinations nearby Tomohon City are
2355:"Zaman Boleh Modern, Tapi Bendi Tetap Eksis di Tomohon"
2228:
Paddock, Richard C.; Sijabat, Dera Menra (2020-05-13).
2130:"9 Tahun. Tomohon Koleksi 7 Walikota, 2 Wakil Walikota"
1831:"Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 Tahun 2003"
1796:
2202:
Pitrelli, Monica; Jacob, Charmaine (August 6, 2023).
1784:
1696:"Tomohon continues to improve tourism infrastructure"
2473:(in Dutch). Rotterdam: Wyt & Zonen. p. 293.
2477:
2078:"Total Area by Subdistrict in Tomohon Municipality"
1805:
2482:. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. p. 260.
1630:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,
2713:
2454:. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 618.
2152:""Brutally cruel" animal market sparks backlash"
1772:
1391:The city contains the Tomohon Extreme Market, a
2379:(in Indonesian). Reach and Ride. Archived from
1811:
2284:"Ini Jumlah Sekolah dan Siswa di Kota Tomohon"
2227:
2556:
2332:"Bandung Ada Bosscha, Tomohon Kini Punya MLO"
2201:
1304:
2480:Minahasa Civilization: A Tradition of Change
2080:. Statistics of Tomohon City. Archived from
2054:. Statistics of Tomohon City. Archived from
1760:
2007:
1943:
1544:Tomohon has a public transportation called
1020:
2732:States and territories established in 2003
2563:
2549:
2024:
2022:
1497:Christian University of Indonesia, Tomohon
1041:) in each district, and its postal codes.
2703:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
2496:
2468:
1817:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1690:
1688:
1476:runs through the city streets and roads.
554:East: Tombulu and West Tondano District,
2329:
2106:(in Indonesian). MAGZIMP. Archived from
518:
510:
450:
442:
2449:
2423:
2352:
2175:
2019:
2013:
1949:
1335:
2714:
2403:"Tomohon Sister City dengan Bethlehem"
1685:
1500:Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon University
1452:with the Tomohon Flower Festival, and
1423:is spoken in and around Kota Tomohon.
577:Tomohon has a cooler temperature than
536:North: Pineleng and Tombulu District,
298:169.10 km (65.29 sq mi)
2544:
2405:(in Indonesian). CyberSulutNews.co.id
1660:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
542:South: Remboken and Sonder District,
532:, with the borders of the area are:
2377:"Pasar Beriman dan Terminal Tomohon"
2176:Ibrahim, Farid (11 September 2018).
1646:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
1526:Meade LX-200 GPS automatic telescope
599:Climate data for Tomohon, Indonesia
13:
2353:Rantung, Chintya (10 March 2016).
2330:Rumbayan, Dyke (25 October 2011).
1415:
1400:, similar to the early cluster of
987:Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Tomohon
14:
2743:
2506:
2478:Lundström-Burghoorn, Wil (1981).
1539:
1506:St. Luke Academy of Physiotherapy
996:
2657:
2524:
2512:
1598:
1585:
1578:
1563:
1519:
247:
215:
147:
140:
107:
100:
71:
56:
38:
2443:
2424:Pelealu, Recky (19 June 2016).
2417:
2395:
2369:
2346:
2323:
2298:
2276:
2254:
2221:
2195:
2169:
2144:
2122:
2096:
2070:
2044:
1985:
1955:
1918:
1893:
1867:
1845:
1823:
1512:Nursing Academy of Gunung Maria
1503:Parakletos Theological Seminary
1361:, wooden house craft center in
148:
108:
1995:. Geothermal of North Sulawesi
1735:
1713:
1663:
1365:, and amphitheater in Woloan.
1025:The city is divided into five
489:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah
1:
1855:(in Indonesian). SulutPos.com
1632:Kota Tomohon Dalam Angka 2024
1611:
1464:horse cart or locally called
587:Köppen climate classification
2532:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2497:Kojongian, Adrianus (1986).
2469:Graafland, Nicolaas (1867).
2334:(in Indonesian). Okezone.com
1515:Minaesa Technology Institute
1479:
1309:In general, Community Based
1293:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
506:
455:Tomohon highway in 1900-1920
447:Cityscape of Tomohon in 1924
7:
1853:"Buku Sejarah Kota Tomohon"
1573:, the horse cart in Tomohon
980:Source 1: Climate-Data.org
788:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
648:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
583:tropical rainforest climate
16:City in Sulawesi, Indonesia
10:
2748:
1634:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.7173)
1435:
1426:
1305:Community based ecotourism
984:
979:
598:
572:
548:West: Tombariri District,
515:Natural scenery in Tomohon
438:
2699:
2666:
2655:
2589:
2579:
2428:(in Indonesian). PT BMCOM
2286:(in Indonesian). PT BMCOM
2264:(in Indonesian). PT BMCOM
1009:) and subdivided into 44
931:
857:
787:
717:
647:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
379:
369:
359:
347:
330:
323:
319:610/km (1,600/sq mi)
315:
307:
302:
294:
289:
281:
276:
268:
260:
240:
228:
208:
173:
94:
85:
70:
52:
37:
28:
21:
2727:Cities in North Sulawesi
2571:Regencies and cities of
1806:Lundström-Burghoorn 1981
1509:Bethesda Nursing Academy
1021:Administrative districts
2614:South Bolaang Mongondow
2609:North Bolaang Mongondow
2450:Soejono, R. P. (2006).
1723:. Flowers Lane Vacation
1673:. Indonesia-Tourism.com
1035:administrative villages
404:) Province, in central
2604:East Bolaang Mongondow
1037:(all classed as urban
524:
516:
456:
448:
341:Indonesia Central Time
1793:, p. 147 and 200
1406:Huanan Seafood Market
522:
514:
454:
446:
193:1.32500°N 124.83889°E
164:Show map of Indonesia
2521:at Wikimedia Commons
2058:on 10 September 2017
1404:cases traced to the
1336:Distinctive features
371:Vehicle registration
316: • Density
131:Show map of Sulawesi
1967:Ministry of Tourism
1747:Ministry of Tourism
1721:"Tomohon City Tour"
1315:sustainable tourism
718:Daily mean °C (°F)
189: /
161:Tomohon (Indonesia)
2634:Southeast Minahasa
2234:The New York Times
2030:"Climate: Tomohon"
1781:, pp. 146–147
525:
517:
457:
449:
308: • Total
295: • Total
282: • Mayor
198:1.32500; 124.83889
2709:
2708:
2599:Bolaang Mongondow
2517:Media related to
2499:Riwayatmu Tomohon
2489:978-917-346-095-8
2461:978-979-262-499-1
2032:. Climate-Data.rg
1671:"Tomohon Tourism"
1534:Sinyo Sarundajang
1357:, agritourism in
1302:
1301:
1223:Woloan Satu Utara
1146:(Central Tomohon)
993:
992:
934:relative humidity
389:
388:
2739:
2661:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2536:Official website
2528:
2516:
2502:
2493:
2474:
2465:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2399:
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2392:
2390:
2388:
2373:
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2366:
2364:
2362:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
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2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:on 24 April 2017
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:on 24 April 2017
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:. Archived from
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:, pp. 20–26
1815:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1647:
1644:
1635:
1628:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1421:Tombulu language
1370:Bunaken sea park
1113:Tomohon Selatan
1044:
1043:
989:(humidity only)
596:
595:
556:Minahasa Regency
550:Minahasa Regency
544:Minahasa Regency
538:Minahasa Regency
530:Minahasa Regency
481:Minahasa Regency
410:Minahasa Regency
264:25 February 2003
253:
251:
250:
221:
219:
218:
204:
203:
201:
200:
199:
194:
190:
187:
186:
185:
182:
165:
151:
150:
144:
132:
111:
110:
104:
77:Location within
75:
60:
42:
19:
18:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2662:
2653:
2639:Sangihe Islands
2585:
2575:
2569:
2509:
2490:
2462:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
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2357:. Tribun Manado
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2020:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
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1986:
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1974:
1973:on 16 June 2017
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1418:
1416:Art and culture
1338:
1307:
1239:(North Tomohon)
1238:
1207:
1176:
1145:
1144:Tomohon Tengah
1115:(South Tomohon)
1114:
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33:
24:
17:
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5:
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2654:
2652:
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2649:Talaud Islands
2646:
2644:Sitaro Islands
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:South Minahasa
2626:
2624:North Minahasa
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2573:North Sulawesi
2568:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2538:
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2508:
2507:External links
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2018:
2006:
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1954:
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1917:
1892:
1881:on 17 May 2017
1866:
1844:
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1818:Kojongian 1986
1810:
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1791:Graafland 1867
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1779:Graafland 1867
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1767:Graafland 1867
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1206:Tomohom Barat
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414:North Sulawesi
401:Sulawesi Utara
396:North Sulawesi
387:
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255:North Sulawesi
244:
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206:
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171:
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120:
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106:
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79:North Sulawesi
76:
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61:
55:
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50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2427:
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2398:
2383:on 2017-09-10
2382:
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2025:
2023:
2016:, p. 253
2015:
2010:
1994:
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1972:
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1952:, p. 254
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1769:, p. 144
1768:
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1579:Sister cities
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1520:Observatories
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1456:, which is a
1455:
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1192:Paslaten Satu
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869:
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860:precipitation
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397:
394:is a city in
393:
385:
384:tomohon.go.id
382:
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285:Caroll Senduk
284:
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272:4 August 2003
271:
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174:Coordinates:
172:
143:
128:
124:
103:
93:
88:OpenStreetMap
84:
80:
74:
69:
59:
51:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2690:
2498:
2479:
2470:
2451:
2444:Bibliography
2430:. Retrieved
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:the original
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2181:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2108:the original
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2014:Soejono 2006
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:"Linow lake"
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1957:
1950:Soejono 2006
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1901:"Mt. Mahawu"
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:the original
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1825:
1813:
1808:, p. 61
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1675:. Retrieved
1665:
1631:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1523:
1483:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1446:Mount Empung
1439:
1430:
1419:
1390:
1378:Mount Klabat
1374:Lake Tondano
1367:
1339:
1308:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1260:95411-95419
1229:95421-95425
1198:95446-95449
1167:95441-95445
1136:95431-95439
1057:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1006:
1000:
986:
862:mm (inches)
589:
576:
563:Ring of Fire
560:
526:
501:Hari Sabarno
500:
497:
492:
488:
485:
470:
461:
458:
432:
429:Mount Empung
421:Gunung Lokon
420:
418:
399:
391:
390:
269:Inauguration
121:Location in
62:Coat of arms
2156:Cbsnews.com
1594:, Palestine
1442:Mount Lokon
1353:waterfall,
1347:sarcophagus
425:Mount Lokon
261:Established
196: /
184:124°50′20″E
2716:Categories
2701:See also:
2681:Kotamobagu
2247:2020-05-20
2187:6 December
2182:Abc.net.au
2161:6 December
2132:. PT BMCOM
1905:Geocaching
1612:References
1393:wet market
1311:Ecotourism
1254:Kakaskasen
1161:Talete Dua
985:Source 2:
567:Lake Linow
479:under the
303:Population
277:Government
47:in Tomohon
2591:Regencies
2581:Capital:
2242:0362-4331
2213:August 6,
1930:Channel 4
1592:Bethlehem
1480:Education
1454:Cap Gomeh
1058:kecamatan
1039:kelurahan
1031:kecamatan
1027:districts
1015:kelurahan
1007:kecamatan
1003:districts
523:Mt. Lokon
507:Geography
406:Indonesia
365:(+62) 431
361:Area code
349:Postcodes
332:Time zone
223:Indonesia
181:1°19′30″N
127:Indonesia
2619:Minahasa
2432:24 April
2409:24 April
2136:23 April
2114:23 April
2088:23 April
2062:12 April
1752:23 April
1727:23 April
1705:23 April
1677:23 April
1556:mikrolet
1552:mikrolet
1458:Buddhist
1402:COVID-19
1398:zoonosis
1234:71.73.03
1203:71.73.04
1172:71.73.05
1141:71.73.02
1110:71.73.01
1100:villages
1088:mid 2023
1086:Estimate
1054:District
932:Average
858:Average
499:Affairs
477:district
472:Permesta
462:Sulawesi
242:Province
235:Sulawesi
123:Sulawesi
2722:Tomohon
2691:Tomohon
2530:Tomohon
2519:Tomohon
2387:29 June
2361:29 June
2338:20 July
2315:20 July
2290:29 June
2268:29 June
2036:14 July
1999:20 July
1977:14 July
1935:14 July
1910:14 July
1885:29 June
1859:13 July
1837:13 July
1607:, Japan
1605:Okegawa
1487:schools
1461:Chinese
1436:Tourism
1427:Economy
1359:Rurukan
1355:Doahill
1288:102,724
1283:100,587
1052:Name of
1049:Wilayah
927:(91.5)
867:(10.1)
853:(64.5)
848:(64.4)
843:(64.4)
838:(63.9)
833:(63.7)
828:(64.6)
823:(64.9)
818:(65.1)
813:(65.7)
808:(64.6)
803:(64.8)
798:(64.0)
793:(64.2)
783:(72.0)
778:(71.6)
773:(72.3)
768:(72.7)
763:(72.3)
758:(72.5)
753:(72.1)
748:(72.1)
743:(72.7)
738:(72.1)
733:(71.8)
728:(71.1)
723:(71.2)
713:(79.7)
708:(79.0)
703:(80.4)
698:(81.5)
693:(81.0)
688:(80.4)
683:(79.3)
678:(79.3)
673:(79.9)
668:(79.9)
663:(79.0)
658:(78.3)
653:(78.3)
573:Climate
439:History
392:Tomohon
380:Website
311:103,072
210:Country
155:Tomohon
115:Tomohon
23:Tomohon
2686:Manado
2676:Bitung
2668:Cities
2583:Manado
2486:
2458:
2310:Antara
2240:
1700:Antara
1474:Delman
1470:Andong
1450:parade
1384:, and
1363:Woloan
1351:Tinoor
1343:waruga
1278:91,553
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1269:Totals
1251:29,306
1248:28,644
1245:25,906
1220:17,479
1217:16,941
1214:14,160
1189:11,158
1186:11,428
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1152:20,156
1130:Walian
1127:25,903
1124:24,802
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1072:Census
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917:(9.5)
912:(7.1)
907:(4.6)
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892:(6.9)
887:(9.8)
882:(8.7)
877:(8.5)
872:(8.3)
604:Month
579:Manado
466:Manado
324:
252:
230:Region
220:
45:Pagoda
1571:Bendi
1547:bendi
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1410:Wuhan
1242:60.06
1211:43.84
1180:13.99
1149:16.51
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1077:Pop'n
1070:Pop'n
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975:75.8
925:2,324
643:Year
354:954xx
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2363:2017
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1912:2017
1887:2017
1861:2017
1839:2017
1754:2017
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1679:2017
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1444:and
1103:Post
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806:18.1
801:18.2
796:17.8
791:17.9
781:22.3
776:22.0
771:22.4
766:22.6
761:22.4
756:22.5
751:22.3
746:22.3
741:22.6
736:22.3
731:22.1
726:21.7
721:21.8
711:26.5
706:26.1
701:26.9
696:27.5
691:27.2
686:26.9
681:26.3
676:26.3
671:26.6
666:26.6
661:26.1
656:25.7
651:25.7
640:Dec
637:Nov
634:Oct
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625:Jul
622:Jun
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969:86
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951:76
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945:84
942:88
939:89
920:245
915:241
910:180
905:117
895:121
890:175
885:250
880:221
875:215
870:211
865:257
423:or
412:in
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2180:.
2154:.
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1965:.
1928:.
1903:.
1798:^
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1687:^
1651:^
1639:^
1619:^
1536:.
1468:,
1412:.
1380:,
1376:,
1372:,
1295:44
1257:10
1133:12
1098:of
1067:km
1065:in
900:91
590:Af
491:-
483:.
375:DB
2564:e
2557:t
2550:v
2492:.
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2436:.
2413:.
2391:.
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2294:.
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2250:.
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2066:.
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2003:.
1981:.
1939:.
1914:.
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1709:.
1681:.
1345:(
1226:8
1195:5
1164:9
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