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under contract. He also noticed that the machine had been converted from using a double probe, one to produce pulses and one to receive the pulses, to a single probe. Not wanting to insult Donald by explaining why the machine was not working correctly, Brown offered to try and source another machine from somewhere. Brown phoned Alex Rankin, the man who collaborated with Brown on the automatic flaw detector, for help. Rankin offered to gift the latest Mk IV Flaw
Detector which was subsequently forwarded to
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In 1961 Kelvin Hughes merged with Smiths
Industries. In 1963, Brown became director of the medical ultrasonics department in Glasgow after Alex Rankin died. In 1964 the Glasgow operation of Kelvin Hughes was the subject of a takeover bid by the aviation division of Smiths Industries. with the factory
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Brown approached deputy chairman Bill Slater who sent Brown to see Bill
Halliday, the company's chief research scientist for an opinion on building the machine. After Brown delivered his spiel to Halliday it was several months before Brown received a reply in the form of a memo which stated that £500
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that was used to calculate the position of the transducer from the angle of its rotations. This was an exceedingly expensive piece of electronic equipment and was more than their £500 budget. However, Brown managed to scrounge a damaged component and repair it. The machine was built on top an old
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that Brown found out that Donald was experimenting with the flaw detector. Brown immediately looked up Donald in the
Infirmary directory, phoned him and arranged a meeting. When they met, Brown noticed that the Mark IIb was not manufactured by Kelvin & Hughes but instead had been manufactured
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and coronary care machines, as well as prefabricated operating theatres. In 1967, Brown left
Honeywell to work at Nuclear Enterprises in Edinburgh, the business that bought the medical ultrasound unit from Kelvin & Hughes in 1966. As Nuclear Enterprises did not buy the patent rights for the
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Brown was unable to find any further work in the medical instrumentation industry and decided to move back to working in the oil and gas industry where he worked until 1998. After he retired in 1999, he worked part time as a quality manager at the radiological protection centre in
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R&D department, Brown found an experimental weld-testing machine. Both these machines were cannibalised for parts. To measure the position of the transducer, Brown selected an 'X-Y' orthogonal measuring frame system. This was measured in place by a sine/cosine
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being eventually closed in 1966, when Smiths pulled out of
Scotland. The design the group created was gradually evolved by them before it was transferred to Smith Industrials of England where it was improved by Brown, to become a commercial product known as the
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ultrasound machine designs, they instead went to a firm in the United States. So to get around his own patents, Brown decided to develop a 3-D ultrasound machine and to formally study the problem. In 1970 Brown became a research fellow to study
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meeting in the same year and put into production in 1977. However, sales to UK and overseas hospitals were poor and the machine was finally withdrawn in 1979 and the
Sonicaid project in Livingston closed. Brown's foresight in the design of the
255:, they discussed the development of the A-mode scanner and decisions that led up to the B-mode scanner. Although the images described in the paper were very crude, they were the first successful application of obstetric ultrasound.
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It was in late 1956 when Brown first met Ian Donald. Brown, although relatively young at twenty-three, had previously worked on an automatic flaw detector for testing of industrial products. It was while working in the
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The design was patented by Kelvin & Hughes in 1957 with Brown being named the inventor with commercial rights assigned to the company. In a landmark paper in June 1958, published by Donald, McVicar and Brown in
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at the time a
Glasgow manufacturer of scientific instruments as a technical apprentice. Two years into his five year apprenticeship, he started working for Alex Rankin and to specialise in non-destructive testing.
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and was built out of an amalgamation of medical and industrial parts. Brown managed to scrounge an older Mark IV flaw detector in
Glasgow along with a 6-inch electrostatically-deflected
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in
Livingston, West Lothian. Brown developed a contact scanner that could produce three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual image of body tissue. The new machine known as the
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machine was admirable and it was a step in the right direction but at the time computing resources were meagre, being insufficient to achieve the desired results.
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362:. In 1996, Brown was awarded the Ian Donald Gold medal Award for Technical Merit. In 2007, he was awarded an honorary fellowship ad eundem of the
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in Glasgow. In April 1951, after completing school and making an exploratory visit to the company to meet the chief engineer, he joined
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had been allocated by Smiths for the development and that Brown was able to spend half a day per week working with Donald.
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chains and sprockets. By late 1957 the first contact B-mode scanner was constructed and in clinical use by that year.
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730:"Obituary: Thomas Graham Brown, engineer who was a pioneer in the invention and development of ultrasound imaging"
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146:– 13 December 2019) was a Scottish engineer who was most notable for collaborating in the design of the first
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Donald, Ian; Macvicar, J; Brown, T.G (June 1958). "Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound".
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Brown, Tom (Unpublished article) Development of ultrasonic scanning techniques in Scotland 1956-1979, 1994
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301:. In 1973 Brown was appointed as a team leader on the development of multiplanar 3D scanners at
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607:. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine: Wellcome Trust. 10 March 1998. p. 11,38
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In 1956 Brown was promoted to research and development engineer at Kelvin & Hughes Ltd.
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671:. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine: Wellcome Trust. 10 March 1998. p. 32
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Secrets of success:the development of obstetric ultrasound in Scotland, 1963-1990
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In 1982, Brown and Donald were elected as the first honorary life members of the
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A short History of the development of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
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Adrian M. K. Thomas; Arpan K. Banerjee; Uwe Busch (5 December 2005).
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Fellows of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland
698:"Looking at the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound"
662:"Looking at the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound"
598:"Looking at the Unborn: Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound"
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Looking at the Unborn - Historical Aspects of Obstetric Ultrasound
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Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
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International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
435:. University of Glasgow. Glasgow University News. 26 April 2013
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taken from the company stores in Glasgow. From the companies
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Labs location of Kelvin & Hughes, for delivery to Brown.
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In 1965, Brown was appointed to a post of chief engineer at
413:. The Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland
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Tom Brown. Inventor of medical ultrasound. Taken in 1960's.
433:"Imaging the fetus – the history of obstetric ultrasound"
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Kelvin & Hughes Ltd, University of Glasgow, Honeywell
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Stevens and had three daughters and six grandchildren.
510:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 214.
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751:Tansey, E M; Christie, D A, eds. (10 March 1998).
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364:Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
150:machine along with the obstetrician and designer
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705:The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
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605:The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
836:The Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders
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732:. JPIMedia Ltd. The Scotsman. 20 December 2019
456:"Scotland's ultrasound pioneer Tom Brown dies"
309:was finally developed by 1976 and shown at an
507:Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology
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311:American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
925:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame inductees
458:. Herald & Times Group. Glasgow Herald
370:and awarded an honorary fellowship of the
284:. At Honeywell he worked on the design of
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558:(Phd Thesis). University of Glasgow
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806:"Fellows ad eundem of the RCOG"
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338:. He died on 13 December 2019.
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156:University of Glasgow
103:Developing obstetric
21:Tom Brown (anarchist)
324:St George's Hospital
634:(7032): 1188–1195.
316:Multiplanar Scanner
307:Multiplanar Scanner
172:Allan Glen's School
140:Thomas Graham Brown
354:Awards and honours
334:who suffered from
286:open-heart surgery
148:medical ultrasound
142:(10 April 1933 in
517:978-3-540-26988-5
295:three-dimensional
227:Bed-Table Scanner
202:operating theatre
198:Western Infirmary
191:Western Infirmary
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628:The Lancet
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253:The Lancet
152:Ian Donald
105:ultrasound
77:2019-12-13
56:1933-04-10
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278:Honeywell
209:from the
32:Tom Brown
786:. Awards
648:13550965
611:6 August
342:Marriage
303:Sonicaid
562:18 July
328:Tooting
245:Meccano
144:Glasgow
64:Glasgow
812:. 2007
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