Toluca - Knowledge

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contained within. The western arches follow the perimeter of what was the La Asunción Franciscan monastery. The eastern and southern arches were completed in 1836 by José María González Arratia. The original western arches were built by the Buenaventura Merlín. Each side consists of basket-handle arches, each with a balcony. Each side has its own name. The eastern one, with 37 arches, is called "20 de Noviembre" or "Constitución"; the southern one, with 44 arches, is called "Madero" and the western one, with 35 arches, is called "Reforma". There are four additional arches at the entrance to Avenida Independencia. Near Los Portales are some of the city's oldest businesses, some of which date from the 19th century such as the pharmacy on Calle Santos Degollado, a brass and iron workshop on Avenida Lerdo and a leather workshop on Avenida Juárez.

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allowed Toluca to grow into a major industrial zone for the state. Toluca began consolidating in the 1940s, but the most intense industrialization began in the 1950s and continued through most of the 1980s. The growth and industrialization of Toluca is closely tied to the growth and changes in economic activities that have occurred in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Most industrial enterprises are on the small and micro-level but the city has attracted a large number of international corporations. Major products produced include food processing, metals and machinery, paper products, printed matter as well as auto production. The industrial base of the Toluca metropolitan area employs over 33% of the municipality's population and 6% of the entire state's population.

2320:, etc. The Museo de Culturas Populares (Museum of Popular Cultures) displays a large collection of crafts, including items make of wood, bones, glass, seeds, as well as textiles, traditional toys and regional candy and other foods. The Museo de Antropología e Historia (Museum of Anthropology and History) has more than 1000 pieces on display, with an introductory room, five archeological rooms, seven ethnographic rooms and one historical room. Its theme is Mexico's place in the evolution of the hemisphere's history and geography, as well as the geopolitical and strategic importance of the State of Mexico. Some of the finest Aztec stone sculptures are on display, including an important image of the god 103: 2139:. It is a monumental piece measuring 3,200 square metres (34,445 square feet) with more than 30 thousand pieces and half a million glass pieces of 28 different colors coming from many different parts of the world such as Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, Japan, Canada and the United States. It has a series of scenes that symbolize man's search of the light, the good and the wisdom to elevate his spirit to liberate him from the shadows of evil and the ignorance in an epic tale without beginning or end. At the spring equinox, the solar disc crosses the heart of "El hombre Sol" (the sun man), causing an explosion of light. 2882: 1826:) project, which aims to improve major highways leading from Mexico City to the rest of the country. One proposed highway, called Autopista Lerma - Tres Marías y Ramal Tenango (Lerma - Tres Marías and Tenango branch highway), aims to improve transit between Toluca and Cuernavaca, as well as other cities to the south. Currently, almost all major roadways serving Toluca transit in the north. It will allow transit from Toluca to southern and eastern destinations bypassing Mexico City but connecting the city with the Mexico City–Cuernavaca highway. However, the project is opposed by 88: 1960:. Insurgent commander José Maria Oviedo was faced with the royalist army of Rosendo Porlier, who succeeded in driving the rebels northward to Toluca. Viceroy Venegas ordered reinforcements for Porlier's army and dispersed the insurgents, causing them to lose artillery and supplies. In addition, the royalist forces took over a hundred prisoners and executed them in the main square. The bodies of the prisoners were buried in a mass grave behind what is now the Municipal Palace. A temple was built over the spot after the end of the Revolution. A monument to Father 5183: 2947: 4527: 2278:(José María Velasco Museum) was founded in honor of one of the most famous landscape artists of the 19th century. It holds about 40 pieces from the artist as well as drawings and oil paintings. It has a library and a central patio where cultural events take place. The building was once occupied by Father Miguel Hidalgo before he fought in the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. Works on permanent display include: "The Volcanoes Seen from the Ocotlán Valley", "The Valley of Mexico from Molino del Rey" and "Self-Portrait". 78: 174: 66: 690:, by making a great number of improvements to the city and being the first one to learn the native Matlatzincan language. The friar was well loved by the Matlazinca people, as he worked to protect them from the injustices of the early colonial period. He is remembered to this day with a plaza that bears his name which includes a sculpture depicting him. A Spanish community was established in 1530, but it was not until 1677 that Toluca was categorized as a town. In 1793, the construction of a road to 2869: 2934: 2908: 2843: 247: 2992: 2856: 2895: 3012: 878:), with relatively cool, dry winters, and mild, wet, humid summers. Freezing temperatures are common during winter. Toluca's climate is the coolest of any large Mexican city due to its altitude (2,680 metres or 8,790 feet above sea level). Winter nights are cold and the temperature may drop below 0 °C or 32 °F. Throughout the year, the temperature is rarely below −3 °C (26.6 °F) or above 27 °C (80.6 °F). 4156: 156: 2966: 2979: 1859:. The airport has a 4,200-metre (13,800-foot) runway and is located 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Toluca and 60 kilometres (37 miles) from the country's capital, thus serving as an overflow airport for Mexico City. This airport has started a development initiative of the Federal and State Governments, as well as the private sector, which provided an investment of almost 3,200 million U.S. dollars in the last 2 years. 2921: 2830: 2147:

because of friction between the Franciscans and worshippers, it was not completed until 1797. Although the original plans included two towers, only one was built, containing two hexagonal bodies, pairs of columns and balconies with semicircular rails. Both bodies are topped with domes, each bearing a cross. The space that was reserved for the second tower instead has an ornate clock.

2007:, and it shows architectural styles from the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Its principal façade has 3 naves and was constructed in the 18th century on the remains of the old Temple of San Francisco. The interior of the temple exhibits neoclassical style with gold-leaf. It features oil paintings from the aforementioned times, such as the "Birth of San Pedro Nolasco", founder of the 1923:. The Institute became an autonomous university in 1956. The original building, situated downtown near Benito Juárez street, has been remodeled and houses the dean's offices. The university has installations in various parts of the city, but the most noticeable is "Ciudad Universitaria" (lit. "university city"), a campus built around the hill Cerro de Coatepec. A monumental bust of 500:

heritage that has managed to keep alive the union of Hispanic and indigenous culture. Its traditional portals, the Cosmovitral botanical garden and multiple parks, museums, centers and cultural events stand out, among which the Alfeñique Fair stands out, on the occasion of the annual Day of the Dead festival, and the Toluca International Film Festival.

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the municipality's territory. Livestock raising is a greater source of income with 10,286 sites producing cattle, pigs, sheep and domestic fowl. Tourism is based on the Nevado de Toluca volcano and the archeological zone of Calixtlahuaca. Despite being little known internationally, they manage to represent about 50% of the state's tourism income.

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the industrial zone of Toluca-Lerma-Tianguistenco, which is located on the north side of Toluca, began to attract industries to the area. The city now has five additional major industrial parks: Corredor Industrial Toluca, Parque Industrial Lerma, Parque Industrial Exportec I., Parque Industrial Exportec II and the Parque Industrial El Coecillo.

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Tollocan could lie outside of the modern city. A small Postclassic site was discovered on the hill called Tolochi, which is in the north of the modern city, but the remains seem too insubstantial to have been a major provincial capital. The tree of "Las Manitas Rojas", which literally means "little red hands", was planted before the

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climate is temperate subhumid with rain in summer. Its altitude favors the practice of high-performance sports, but as it is one of the most polluted cities in the country due to the emissions of its industrial corridor and the poor motorized public transportation of the last 3 years, outdoor exercise carries some risks for health.

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Toluca has a variety of traditional candies such as "alegrías", "jamoncillos" (a candy bar with flavors such as lemon, pineapple, apple or chocolate), "lemons" (lemons decorated with coconut), "chilacayotes" (pumpkin in syrup), "cocadas" (mainly made with coconut), "palanquetas" (a peanut bar covered

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order. The temple became a hospice for orphans and beggars. Baroque construction style can be seen in the pilasters, niches and the order's shield. Inside, you can see paintings of Felipe Gutierrez, a Mexican painter who graduated from the San Carlos Academy. It is located in downtown Toluca on Jose

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Toluca is located in the economic center of Mexico. Toluca has become an important economic city because of its industries and infrastructure that produce drinks, food, textiles, cars, electric products and such. Since 1944, many industries have settled in Toluca rather than in other cities. In 1965,

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through Tollocan. After the Spanish conquest, the name Tollocan was changed to Toluca. Archaeologists have not yet located a major Postclassic settlement within the modern city. Either the pre-Hispanic city of Tollocan was destroyed and covered over by the expansion of Toluca, or else the remains of

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Outside of the metropolitan area, the economy is still based on agriculture and livestock, with some income from tourism. Only a little over four percent of the total municipal population engages in agriculture raising corn, wheat, beans, potatoes, peas, fava beans and oats on a little over half of

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still carries on this tradition. However, since that time, Toluca's economy has expanded far beyond sausage to become one of the most industrialized areas in Mexico. Its geographic position in the center of the country and proximity to Mexico City as well as its well-developed infrastructure, have

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The climate is prone to extended dry periods particularly in the winter. Almost nine-tenths of the annual rainfall occurs between June and September. Just outside the heavily industrialized city, the municipality has forests with oak, pine, fir, cedar, cypress and other flora, characteristic of the

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Traditional drinks include "mosquito" and, as in many other regions of Mexico, "tepache". "Mosquito" is a drink obtained from the infusion of fruit in alcohol. "Mosquito" can be also flavored with sugar, syrup or honey. "Tepache", the popular beverage of fermented pineapple and other fruit, is not

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The Santa Veracruz Temple is the home of a famous image of "Our Lord of the Holy Cross" also known as a "Black Christ". This image was originally housed in the San Francisco Temple, but the increasing number of worshippers dictated the building of its own sanctuary. Construction began in 1753, but

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of Toluca, which has a geographical extent of 420.14 km (162.2 sq mi), includes numerous communities other than Toluca de Lerdo, the largest of which are the municipalities of San Pablo Autopan and San José Guadalupe Otzacatipan. The municipality is bordered by the municipalities of

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style, with an area of 5,000 square metres (53,820 square feet). It is now a botanical garden with more than 400 species of plants from all over the world. It also features a series of stained glass windows that are considered the largest in the world. These windows were created and designed by a

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Los Portales represent the social and commercial life of the city. They are a composed of three sets of arches or portals that extend on the 3 sides of the city block that extends behind the main cathedral. Behind the sets of arches there is walking space that takes you around the stores that are

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The central plaza is surrounded by state and municipal government buildings. The state government palace and the Chamber of Deputies are recent constructions, but the buildings housing the state court and the municipal palace date from the 19th century. The state court building originally was the

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This airport has created 4,500 jobs and has contributed to the increase of commercial activity for the metropolitan area. It has also attracted many airline passengers who live in Mexico City to use the Toluca airport, which represents migration in potential consumers of 2.2 million passengers in

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as well as a number of local groups, primarily due to the possible damage it can cause to the "Great Water Forest" "Gran Bosque del Agua" forest, which contains an important aquifer for the Toluca, Cuernavaca and Mexico City metropolitan areas. There are also concerns that the highway will extend

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Thanks to citizen pressure over the last decade, urban cycling is promoted and the agreement signed with the United Nations Organization for the use and respect of the bicycle as a sustainable means of mass transportation. Its tourist attractions are several due to the great cultural and artistic

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Toluca is located at 2600 meters above sea level, being the highest capital city in Mexico and North America, which makes it temperate throughout the year with average temperatures ranging between 6 and 25 degrees Celsius during spring and summer, and from −5 to 20 degrees Celsius in winter. Its

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is a project to directly connect the Toluca-Mexico City highway to the east of the city to the Toluca-Atlacomulco highway the extends north. It will permit easier access to the airport as well as a bypass route for traffic heading from Mexico City to the west and northwest. The libramiento is

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and other regional foods. The Municipal Historic Archive is located above the passageway leading to Los Portales was begun in 1867 by José Francisco de Paula on land originally belonging to the Asunción de Toluca Franciscan monastery. The building was originally designed by Agustín Carrillo.

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was named governor of the state and he started the most important modernization process of the city in the 19th century. In 1881, The Industrial Union was founded, the railroad was opened and the Bank of State of Mexico created the first bills in the country. In 1882, the Teachers College was

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has a good level of infrastructure. Its airport is considered the first option to relieve Mexico City and the first stage of the "El Insurgente" interurban train will soon come into operation, later with a maximum speed of 160 kilometers per hour and a length of 58 km it will link Toluca with

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contains three museums. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) holds a great collection of Mexican paintings of the 20th and 21st centuries. The pieces come from other museums like Bellas Artes as well as from artist and institutional donations. Some of the artists represented are

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After the creation of the State of Mexico in 1825, the state capital moved to different cities several times. In 1830, Toluca was designated as the constitutional capital of the State of Mexico. In 1832, the building of "Los Portales" was started in downtown Toluca. In 1836, because of the

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and obeto trees. The prevalent animals are camp rats, teporingos, squirrels, tlacuaches, lizards, snakes, and eagles. On the lower part of this mountain there are picnic tables and BBQ grills. In the higher part of the volcano (inside) there are two lagoons in which visitors can practice

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The CASART or Casa de Artesanias (House of Handcrafts) is located on Avenida Tollocan near the highway leading to Mexico City. This large outlet run by the government specialized in crafts produced in the Toluca Valley area. Items include sweaters from Gualupita, Rebozos (shawls) from

718:. In 1811, a group of indigenous natives of Mexico was shot and killed by Spanish royalists. In memorial to those who were killed in this incident, the place where this occurred was named "Plaza of the Martires". In 1812, the first city council of Toluca was installed. In 1821, 2142:

Toluca has a lot of green areas and among them is the Sierra Morelos park, this park is one of the largest in the city that covers 302 hectares is located on the slopes of Cerro de La Teresona and houses an important population of forests of pine, eucalyptus and oak.

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and Zinacantepec. The economic interdependence of these municipalities are most similar to that of the communities in the Mexico City metropolitan area. There are two "outer spheres" of the metropolitan area. The first consists of the municipalities of

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One of the rivals of Calixtlahuaca was Tollocan, a minor city-state before 1478. When Axayacatl destroyed Calixtlahuaca, he placed the imperial provincial capital in Tollocan. Calixtlahuaca and other towns in the Toluca Valley paid tribute to the

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and other ingredients such as salt, pepper, white wine, almonds, potatoes, vinegar, garlic and chile. In Mexico, the word "chorizo" is used as a nickname for anything (anybody) from Toluca. Other popular dishes, which must be mentioned are

1956:("Plaza of the Martyrs"), which includes buildings such as the Palace of the State Government and the Justice Palace (Palacio de Justicia). The square is named after events that took place after the Battle of Tenango Hill during the 1906:

UAEM, the state's public university, has its roots in the Literary Institute, later named the Scientific and Literary Institute, which was founded in 1828. It has been a prestigious institution and educated figures such as

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is located just north of the modern city of Toluca in its municipality. This small museum has some of the finds excavated at the site in the 1930s. It has a circular form in imitation of the famous circular temple of

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The Museo de la Numismática (Numismatics Museum) was founded in 1987 by the state government in order to show Mexico's history through coins from the pre-Hispanic period up to the present day. It is one of a kind in

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with an image of the Ascension of the Lord. In this, the cathedral shares design elements with the Cathedral of Mexico City. Above this, there is a clock with sculptures depicting the Fathers of the

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The Plaza de Fray Andrés de Castro is located next to Los Portales and connected to the older arches by means of a passageway with a transparent roof. It is a semi-enclosed space which was once the

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Toluca lies in the southern part of the valley and its economic influence is most strongly felt in the southern and central parts of the valley. The northern parts of the valley have closer ties to

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is located in a stone and ironwork building in the center of Toluca, designed in 1910 by engineer Manuel Arratia in order to accommodate the "16 de Septiembre" market. It was constructed in

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room with pieces which have won national prizes. It is located in a house that has always been known as "El Gallito" (Little Rooster), a name which appears in the crest of the main façade.

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Museum) also has a room of Mexican paintings from the 19th century. It has a collection of 225 oil paintings, watercolors and drawings which reflects Gutiérrez's evolution as an artist.

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and is one of the few remaining buildings of the old monastery. The square in front was recently remodeled but still contains traditional stores selling garapiña, traditional candies,

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The Temple of La Merced is one of the most ancient convents still preserved and one of the most important founded by Spaniards. It is a beautiful building of a religious order called

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The Museo de la Acuarela (Watercolor Museum) was founded in 1993 and is one of the few museums in the world dedicated to watercolors. It has rooms dedicated to Mexican artists like

2044:. The straight central nave is lighted by round arched windows. The outside façade consists of two parts. The first has seven columned areas, as well as niches with the images of 655:

in what is now the monastery of Nuestra Señora del Carmen. This tree is significant because it shows that Toluca was important enough for the Aztecs to create a botanical garden.

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of the La Asunción Franciscan Monastery. The sacristy was built by Felipe de Ureña and José Rivera and is essentially a reproduction of the Santa María del Puerto hermitage in

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Sierra Morelos Park is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the center of Toluca. This is a reforested area with a small artificial lake, a picnic area and playground.

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has manufactured automobiles since 1968. The 220-acre (0.89 km) complex employs 2300 people. Other companies located here or that have industrial parks in Toluca are

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There is also a youth marching band of Toluca called "Eagles of Anahuac". This band was formed about 35 years ago and was the first youth marching band in the country.

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Toluca has an infrastructure of highways that connect the city with the main cities of the country as well as its international Airport, and inter-city bus Station.

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although the present-day building still contains a number of the elements of the original design such as the aisle that runs parallel to the façade serving as a

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In 1847, thanks to Ignacio Ramírez, "El Nigromante" or the Institute of Literature opened. In 1851, the "Teatro Principal" was built by González Arratia.

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2007 and it is projected that for 2008 up to five millions travelers may utilize the Toluca Airport, which would make it the 4th busiest in the country.

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centralization of the Mexican federal government, all branches of government were relocated to Mexico City after some were in Toluca for several years.

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The Tercer Orden Temple is located to the side of the main cathedral. Its façade is integrated into the main cathedral's in the popular indigenous

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The dancing institutions include the Instituto Mexiquense de Cultura. There are also schools of dance such as the Escuela de Bellas Artes and the

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is 30 km (19 mi) southwest of the city. The god Tolo was supposed to reside in the volcano's crater. Its original indigenous name was

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The Museo de Ciencias Naturales (Museum of Natural Sciences) has been located in Matlatzinca Park since 1971. It was found by the ex-governor

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as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca. Toluca has a population of 910,608 as of the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the

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dating from the mid 18th century. Since these artifacts were almost always burned by Church authorities, this is an extremely rare piece.

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Since Toluca is the capital of the State of Mexico, there are several diverse and important educational centers such as the state-funded

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depicting man constructing buildings and himself at the same time. The municipal palace and the Chamber of Deputies are decorated with

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was started. Although Toluca was recognized as a city as early as 1662, only in 1799, was Toluca officially named a city by the King

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have raised fears that the snow cap on the mountain will disappear completely within a few decades. The area was converted into the

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Indios, territorio y poder en la provincia matlatzinca: la negociación del espacio político de los pueblos otomianos, siglos XV-XII

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congregation from Toluca and its surroundings get together in the centre of the city to express their respect and devotion for

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in 1899. The pedestal has reliefs depicting the storming of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas and the Battle of Monte de las Cruces.

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Toluca is home to a series of traditional festivities such as the typical solemn "silent procession" that takes place every

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Toluca's Huizi public bike share system was launched in 2015 with 27 stations and 350 bicycles. The system is operated by

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In 1524, the evangelization process started in Toluca. The most notable figure of this effort is Fray Andrés Castro, from

3794: 3884: 87: 4523: 3594:"Los estudios sobre la zona metropolitana del valle de Toluca. Aproximaciones estructurales y centrales en los actores" 2060:. The second part rises above the main doors with three columned areas containing balconies, stained-glass windows and 1976:

home of the state government and was designed by Ramón Rodriguez Arangoiti, who also designed the imperial wing of the

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The Valley of Toluca was known as Matlatzinco Valley in ancient times and home to at least four linguistic groups: the

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which means "naked man", because the silhouette of its crater resembles a sleeping man, before the Spaniards named it

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in January 1936 with about 1,517 km (585.7 sq mi) in area. The park has forest land, especially of

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In colonial times, Toluca first gained economic importance as a producer of smoked and cured meats, especially

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period, the valley was ruled by a large powerful capital city whose ruins are located today in the village of

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Currently, there are two official orchestras: a State one and a Municipal one. The one from the State is the

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However, in 1870, Ramon Rodriguez Arangoiti redesigned the cathedral, based on his experience with old Roman

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until 1978, when it was moved to the main cathedral. The temple contains a number of paintings, including

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is the largest sports institution in the city which was founded on February 12, 1917. The club's stadium

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flows from Lake Almoloya del Río through the center of the municipality towards the west, flowing into

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founded. In 1910, people celebrated a century of Independence, and the Plaza España was inaugurated.

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will connect Toluca to Mexico City. As of October 2020, it was estimated to open in 2023.

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since in 2017, the women's club was founded in 2017. The club plays its home games at the

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Mexican food mixes European and Mesoamerican elements. In Toluca the most famous dish is

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The Museo de la Estampa (Print Museum) was dedicated in 1987 to graphic art. It displays

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García de León, Porfirio; Fernádo González de la Vara; Ricardo Jaramillo Luque (1998).

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and fishing. This volcano is unique in Mexico in that one can enter the crater by car.

743: 676: 540: 4401: 5007: 4757: 4732: 4267: 4226: 3400: 3320: 3263: 3231: 3169: 3113: 2873: 2642: 2110: 1884: 1703: 1594: 1546: 780: 619: 583: 309: 4377: 3633: 5002: 4937: 4692: 4477: 4111: 3833: 3726:"Presenta Libramiento Nororiente De Toluca 75 Por Ciento De Avance: Comunicaciones" 2718: 2691: 2305: 2136: 2077: 2045: 811: 768: 687: 639: 611: 489: 453: 448: 439: 166: 3976: 3344: 1891:(UAEM). Also, it is home to major private universities, including campuses of the 5202: 5052: 4762: 4531: 4526: 4447: 4437: 4311: 4291: 4202: 4186: 3983: 3912: 3532: 2761: 2706: 2537: 2317: 2256: 2252: 2225: 2156: 2128: 1985: 1969: 831: 830:, meaning "snow-covered". It is a place of increasing sporting activity, such as 524: 457: 178: 5042: 4682: 3319:(in Spanish). Toluca México: Corporación Editorial Mac S.A. de C.V. p. 39. 5137: 5112: 4257: 4222: 4176: 3725: 2925: 2791: 2786: 2771: 2756: 2729: 2353: 2293: 2172: 1996:

façades, but the other government buildings, built in the 1960s are faced with

1961: 1815:

already complete, but it is not used by many people because of the high tolls.

839: 711: 607: 461: 359: 196: 65: 5032: 2462:

native to the Valley of Toluca since this tropical plant does not grow there.

1980:. The municipal palace was completed in 1873 on land that once belonged to a 1640:

Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (humidity 1951–2010 & extremes)

815: 5196: 4982: 4952: 4657: 4367: 4242: 4106: 4027: 4014: 3880: 3017: 2868: 2349: 2328: 2268: 2241: 2237: 2221: 2187: 1840: 1787: 1747: 1695: 803: 635: 623: 615: 480: 131: 118: 5147: 4792: 4707: 4697: 4351: 1707: 760: 663:

In 1521, the Spanish conquered the Valley of Toluca. Leading the troops was

5162: 5022: 4427: 4391: 4277: 3564:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Toluca de Lerdo" 3235: 3117: 2796: 2725: 2426: 2389: 2368: 2213: 2163:

in number of museums. Some of them honor important Mexican artists such as

2085: 852: 795: 784: 647: 472:, the city's rapid growth stems largely from its proximity to the capital. 464:

metropolitan area, which with a combined population of 2,347,692 forms the

235: 4381: 4321: 3260:

Vuelo De ángeles o demonios, parvada de prometeos... Cosmovitral de Toluca

5152: 5072: 5047: 5037: 4977: 4892: 4622: 4357: 4297: 4252: 4091: 2933: 2819: 2776: 2714: 2657: 2632: 2381: 2217: 2160: 2119: 2115: 2061: 2053: 1819: 1759: 1678: 791: 756: 691: 493: 485: 469: 4407: 3366: 2609:

Additionally, Toluca is home to the following amateur or college teams.

5027: 5012: 4887: 4852: 4802: 4797: 4787: 4782: 4752: 4737: 4441: 4417: 4327: 4271: 3317:

Historia General del Estado de México Volumen 1 Geografía y Arqueología

2842: 2801: 2672: 2439: 2438:

de carnitas" (pork tacos) and "tacos de plaza" made of barbacoa, pork,

2199: 1981: 298: 4962: 4471: 4041: 3112:(in Spanish). México: Fondo Mexicano del Libro. pp. 105–115, 49. 548: 5142: 5097: 4972: 4902: 4872: 4847: 4822: 4727: 4647: 4597: 4481: 4347: 2991: 2834: 2313: 2271:. The collection of bills is very important because of its antiquity. 2190:. It is the oldest museum of Toluca. It displays art by José Juarez, 2183: 2132: 1822:

are being expanded and modernized due to the "Mexiquese Outer Loop" (

1751: 1691: 1682: 695: 631: 350: 3053:. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. 1984:

monastery. The Chamber of Deputies building contains murals done by

1767: 246: 5172: 5102: 5092: 5082: 5067: 5057: 4957: 4817: 4772: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4592: 4587: 4461: 4451: 4387: 4281: 4236: 4232: 4206: 4182: 2996: 2970: 2899: 2886: 2860: 2565: 2425:, a regional sausage made of ground pork and tomato sauce, pumpkin 2385: 2065: 2033: 2020: 1997: 1965: 835: 776: 567:, to denote "place of Tolo". It is also referred to in a number of 1649:

Infoclimat (mean max/min 2000–2020, extremes recorded since 2000)

4992: 4877: 4832: 4562: 4557: 4431: 4411: 4341: 4331: 4317: 4301: 4287: 4261: 4216: 3973:

INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

3916: 3906:

President Calderón Inaugurates Modelo Science and Industry Museum

2983: 2855: 2684: 2593: 2509: 2451: 2447: 2422: 2341: 2321: 2100: 2096: 2037: 1662: 889:

Climate data for Toluca (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1951)

807: 752: 579: 516: 476: 407: 468:

in the country. Located 63 kilometres (39 mi) southwest of

4897: 4602: 4567: 4457: 4421: 4371: 4361: 4246: 3852: 3399:(in Spanish). Aguascalientes México: INEGI. pp. 175, 214. 3077:"TelluBase—Mexico Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" 2978: 2965: 2894: 2702: 2430: 2024: 1783: 1771: 1763: 683: 627: 4087:

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Toluca

3747:"OHL construye nuevas fases en autopista del Estado de México" 3660:"The 2009 Dodge Journey crossover (and dual-clutch automatic)" 3163: 4337: 3838: 3827: 3773:"Detalles del post: Amenazan con autopista al bosque de agua" 3449:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from 2938: 2920: 2881: 2829: 2647: 2435: 2159:, is home of several important museums. It is second only to 2089: 2084:. The cathedral is topped by a dome with a bronze statue of 1779: 1775: 1755: 672: 571: 568: 552: 379: 355: 3996: 2244:, etc. It has seven display rooms and an embossing workshop. 422: 3699: 2407: 2393: 2041: 2028: 1791: 847: 582:. The name Toluca de Lerdo was adopted in 1861 in honor of 578:, meaning hill of the god, Tolo, an allusion to the nearby 519:

since 1954. It also has a women's professional soccer club

3164:

Estebanez, Francisco; Jorge Arturo Gonzalez, eds. (2002).

2088:, who is the patron saint of the city, holding the infant 3051:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México" 2099:

architecture of the 18th century. It was the seat of the

2000:

in the style of the 18th-century palaces in Mexico City.

1743: 319: 2135:

and joins the "Hombre Sol" (Sun Man) with the Galaxy of

479:, one of the richest municipalities in the country. The 3257: 798:. From this point westward the river takes the name of 3188: 2694:. Their home is one of the landmarks of the city, the 1818:

The highways that connect Toluca with Mexico City and

3971:

Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005

701: 488:. It is connected 66 kilometers to the east with the 3007: 2728:

is billed from Toluca, although he is actually from

1952:

The center of the town is the Zócalo, also known as

1857:

Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos International Airport

3258:Sanchez, Alfonso; Almanza, Rodrigo (October 1989). 3795:"Tren México-Toluca iniciaría operaciones en 2023" 1831:development into small towns that do not want it. 714:stayed in Toluca for a few days on his way to the 3822: 3820: 3674:"BMW X5 Security: Your body-guard Made-In-Mexico" 822:which means "Nine Mountains" but later was named 547:(land of corn). The current name is based on the 5194: 3341:"World's highest ski resort on cards for Mexico" 3230:(in Spanish). México: Fondo Mexicano del Libro. 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 2470:Several professional clubs are based in Toluca: 1930: 626:, just north of the city of Toluca. In 1478 the 3591: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3817: 3290:(in Spanish). Estado de México. pp. 1, 9. 2814:List of twin towns and sister cities in Mexico 2040:, allowing access to the central and two side 4509: 4138: 4057: 3922:2012-09-18 at Wikiwix, México, June 30, 2009. 3917:Gobierno Federal, Presidencia de la República 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3210: 2807: 555:in 1473. The name has its origin in the word 551:name for the area when it was renamed by the 475:It is mainly an industrial city that borders 3941:(in Spanish). Toluca. 2022. pp. 74–75. 3626: 3413: 3390: 3388: 3124: 2371:, a leading company in the brewing industry. 3397:"Estado de México" Guía Turística de México 3281: 3279: 3204: 4516: 4502: 4145: 4131: 4064: 4050: 3587: 3585: 3300:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3242: 2959:In addition, Toluca also cooperates with: 2581:Deportivo Toluca F.C. Reserves and Academy 2363:The Museo Modelo de Ciencias e Industria ( 4082:Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3385: 3026:List of highest large cities in the world 2186:) was founded in 1945 by the ex-governor 1889:Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México 722:was proclaimed by the local authorities. 107:Location of Toluca in the State of Mexico 3986:Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México 3793:del Toro, Evangelina (22 October 2020). 3792: 3286:INEGI (1994). "Estadísticas de Toluca". 3276: 3069: 2228:and neographic art from Manuel Manilla, 5218:Populated places in the State of Mexico 4071: 3930: 3928: 3765: 3582: 3503:"Climatologie de l'année à Toluca, Mex" 2401:Orquesta Sinfónica del Estado de México 263:452.37 km (174.66 sq mi) 14: 5195: 3873: 3692: 3652: 3547: 3521: 3225: 3219: 3107: 3101: 3057:from the original on 24 September 2015 4497: 4126: 4097:Modelo Museum of Science and Industry 4045: 3948:from the original on 17 November 2023 3887:from the original on 26 February 2008 3861:from the original on 4 September 2017 3826: 3805:from the original on 15 February 2023 3718: 3706:from the original on 15 December 2007 3509:from the original on 19 November 2023 3483:from the original on 19 November 2023 3394: 3285: 3168:. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia. 2365:Modelo Museum of Science and Industry 2182:The Museo de Bellas Artes (Museum of 559:that comes from the name of the god, 466:fifth most populous metropolitan area 447: 438: 242: • Municipal President 5223:Populated places established in 1522 3925: 3427:from the original on 5 December 2013 3089:from the original on 13 January 2024 2327:The Museo de Sitio (Site Museum) at 802:. And it goes from this lake to the 597: 3739: 3473:"Climate Normals 1991–2020, Toluca" 3447:"Normales climatológicas 1951–2010" 3439: 3373:from the original on 27 August 2007 3043: 1935:Private schools in Toluca include: 1710:. The furthest sphere consists of 271:7.30 km (2.82 sq mi) 24: 3753:from the original on 29 April 2008 3680:from the original on 10 March 2014 3640:from the original on 29 March 2008 1729: 882:temperate zone of central Mexico. 702:Independence and post-independence 658: 25: 5269: 3990: 3857:. Gobierno del Estado de México. 3614:from the original on 9 April 2008 3262:. Talleres de pliego impresores. 2735: 2416: 2396:are celebrated in a similar way. 2178:These museums are the following: 2155:Toluca, being the capital of the 1893:Universidad Tecnológica de México 1797: 706:In 1810, at the beginning of the 5228:1522 establishments in New Spain 5181: 4525: 4154: 3592:Arteaga Botello, Nelson (2005). 3010: 2990: 2977: 2964: 2945: 2932: 2919: 2906: 2893: 2880: 2867: 2854: 2841: 2828: 1845:Toluca–Mexico City commuter rail 245: 172: 154: 101: 86: 76: 64: 3899: 3845: 3786: 3700:"Gobierno del Estado de Mexico" 3666: 3495: 3465: 3359: 3343:. 19 April 2004. Archived from 3333: 3308: 2663:Estadio Alberto "Chivo" Córdoba 2356:, as well as wooden items from 2259:and Ángel Mauro. It also has a 2064:, terminating in a rectilinear 1990:Construction: Images and Flight 1901:Universidad del Valle de México 1866: 539:When Toluca was founded by the 334: • Total (Metro area) 320:GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) 39:State Capital in Mexico, Mexico 27:State capital in Mexico, Mexico 5233:1520s establishments in Mexico 4102:Nevado de Toluca National Park 3288:Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal 3182: 1988:, which together are known as 1941:Instituto Simón Bolívar Toluca 844:Nevado de Toluca National Park 13: 1: 3036: 2638:Estadio Juan Josafat Pichardo 2553:Deportivo Toluca F.C. Premier 2525:Deportivo Toluca F.C. Femenil 1931:Primary and secondary schools 1790:, Trelleborg Automotive, and 1428:Average rainfall mm (inches) 868:Köppen climate classification 716:Battle of Monte de las Cruces 523:that has participated in the 5213:Capitals of states of Mexico 3421:"Average Weather for Toluca" 3211:Garcia Castro, Rene (1999). 3189:In Encyclopædia Britannica. 2594:Liga MX Reserves and Academy 1947: 1878: 1824:Circuito Exterior Mexiquense 1665:sausage. The nearby town of 872:subtropical highland climate 737: 563:, plus the locative suffix, 534: 509:Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club 279:2,660 m (8,730 ft) 7: 5118:Valle de Chalco Solidaridad 4933:San Martín de las Pirámides 3003: 2442:(fried pork rind), papalo ( 1958:Mexican War of Independence 1812:Libramiento (bypass) Toluca 1218:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1078:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 496:and its metropolitan area. 10: 5274: 4653:Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias 3964: 2811: 2808:Twin towns – sister cities 2375: 2301:Centro Cultural Mexiquense 2150: 2072:, Saint John Chrisotomus, 1850: 1656: 1644: 1639: 888: 861: 698:of Spain on September 12. 592: 31: 5179: 4548: 4538: 4168: 4077: 3505:(in French). Infoclimat. 2465: 2392:'s sacrifice. Easter and 2367:) is a science museum of 2287:Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez 2283:Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez 2169:Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez 1917:Ignacio Manuel Altamirano 1592: 1544: 1497: 1427: 1357: 1287: 1217: 1147: 1077: 1007: 937: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 587:Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada 449:[toˈlukaðeˈleɾdo] 416: 406: 396: 386: 369: 349: 341: 333: 325: 318: 307: 296: 288: 283: 275: 267: 259: 254: 241: 231: 226: 218: 210: 202: 192: 184: 165: 147: 112: 100: 72: 63: 58: 51: 44: 3662:. Chrysler, Feb 1, 2008. 3031: 2767:Salvador Mejía Alejandre 2192:Cristóbal de Villalpando 2165:José María Velasco Gómez 1915:, Felipe Sánchez Solís, 1897:Tecnológico de Monterrey 543:, its original name was 521:Deportivo Toluca Femenil 5243:Matlatzinca settlements 4998:Tenancingo de Degollado 4953:Soyaniquilpan de Juárez 4923:San Felipe del Progreso 4688:Coacalco de Berriozábal 3936:"Atractivos Turísticos" 3226:Romero, Javier (1956). 3108:Romero, Javier (1956). 1834: 1802: 342: • Per capita 34:Toluca (disambiguation) 4573:Almoloya de Alquisiras 3999:Ayuntamiento de Toluca 3881:"Artesanias de Toluca" 2752:Ángel María Garibay K. 2724:Professional wrestler 2709:. These have included 2705:often use Toluca as a 2683:Toluca is home of the 2082:Saint Gregory of Nyssa 1712:Santiago Tianguistenco 800:Río Grande de Santiago 4943:San Simón de Guerrero 4028:19.29250°N 99.65694°W 3367:"NP NEVADO DE TOLUCA" 2913:Ramallah and al-Bireh 2747:José María Bustamante 2497:Deportivo Toluca F.C. 2446:), onion, coriander, 2230:José Guadalupe Posada 2127:Mexican artist named 2074:Saint Basil the Great 2070:Greek Orthodox Church 1954:Plaza de los Mártires 1288:Mean minimum °C (°F) 1008:Mean maximum °C (°F) 783:, Villa Guerrero and 708:independence movement 686:, the old capital of 387:Postal code (of seat) 371: • Summer ( 132:19.29250°N 99.65694°W 4618:Atizapán de Zaragoza 3570:on 30 September 2007 2954:, Dominican Republic 2696:Estadio Nemesio Díez 2668:Association Football 2599:Estadio Nemesio Díez 2586:Association Football 2571:Estadio Nemesio Díez 2558:Association Football 2543:Estadio Nemesio Díez 2530:Association Football 2515:Estadio Nemesio Díez 2502:Association Football 2458:with melted sugar). 2444:Porophyllum ruderale 2251:, Vicente Mendiola, 2234:Carlos Alvarado Lang 2207:Carlos Hank González 2012:Ma. Morelos street. 1873:PBSC Urban Solutions 1855:Toluca is served by 938:Record high °C (°F) 870:, Toluca features a 731:Mariano Riva Palacio 529:Estadio Nemesio Diez 513:Estadio Nemesio Diez 32:For other uses, see 5258:Mazahua settlements 5078:Tlalnepantla de Baz 4928:San José del Rincón 4918:San Antonio la Isla 4848:Naucalpan de Juárez 4723:Ecatepec de Morelos 4197:Baja California Sur 4072:Landmarks of Toluca 4033:19.29250; -99.65694 4024: / 3841:. pp. 240–247. 3832:Guia Turistica del 3634:"Conoce mas Toluca" 3166:The State of Mexico 2109:The Family Tree of 1925:Adolfo López Mateos 1921:Adolfo López Mateos 1740:Toluca Car Assembly 1724:Chapultepec, México 1720:Santa Cruz Atizapán 1700:San Antonio la Isla 1498:Average rainy days 1358:Record low °C (°F) 1148:Daily mean °C (°F) 665:Gonzalo de Sandoval 337:$ 35.6 billion 137:19.29250; -99.65694 128: / 4713:Cuautitlán Izcalli 4578:Almoloya de Juárez 3982:2013-05-12 at the 3911:2009-09-21 at the 3830:(September 2001). 3676:. Autoarabia.org. 3347:on 12 January 2009 2742:Alejandro Ariceaga 2711:Julio César Chávez 2276:José María Velasco 1978:Chapultepec Castle 1909:José María Heredia 749:Almoloya de Juárez 268: • Water 250:Juan Maccise Naime 5253:Otomi settlements 5248:Nahua settlements 5238:1522 in New Spain 5190: 5189: 5008:Tenango del Valle 4758:Ixtapan de la Sal 4491: 4490: 4120: 4119: 3601:Región y Sociedad 3423:. Weather Spark. 2782:Mayrín Villanueva 2681: 2680: 2643:American Football 2607: 2606: 2358:Santa María Rayón 2292:The Museo-Taller 1899:(ITESM), and the 1885:public university 1828:Greenpeace Mexico 1716:Santa María Rayón 1704:Tenango del Valle 1653: 1652: 1547:relative humidity 781:Tenango del Valle 598:Pre-Columbian era 440:[toˈluka] 433: 432: 326: • Year 289: • City 260: • City 232: • Type 214:December 13, 1812 16:(Redirected from 5265: 5208:Cities in Mexico 5185: 5128:Villa del Carbón 5123:Villa de Allende 5003:Tenango del Aire 4938:San Mateo Atenco 4693:Coatepec Harinas 4583:Almoloya del Río 4530: 4529: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4213:Tuxtla Gutiérrez 4159: 4158: 4157: 4147: 4140: 4133: 4124: 4123: 4112:Toluca Cathedral 4066: 4059: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4006: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3923: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3854:Museos de Toluca 3849: 3843: 3842: 3834:Estado de Mexico 3824: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3613: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3566:. Archived from 3560: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3535:on 10 April 2008 3531:. Archived from 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3299: 3291: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3255: 3240: 3239: 3228:El Dios Tolotzin 3223: 3217: 3216: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3161: 3122: 3121: 3110:El dios Tolotzin 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3088: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3047: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3013: 2995: 2994: 2982: 2981: 2969: 2968: 2950: 2949: 2937: 2936: 2924: 2923: 2911: 2910: 2898: 2897: 2885: 2884: 2872: 2871: 2859: 2858: 2846: 2845: 2833: 2832: 2721:, among others. 2719:Wilfredo Vazquez 2692:Deportivo Toluca 2612: 2611: 2473: 2472: 2310:José Luis Cuevas 2306:Gilberto Navarro 2261:Estado de México 2249:Pastor Velázquez 2175:, among others. 2105:The Three Orders 2078:Saint Athanasius 1688:Almoloya del Río 1501: 886: 885: 820:Chignahualtecatl 812:Nevado de Toluca 806:in the state of 769:San Mateo Atenco 653:Spanish Conquest 640:Valley of Mexico 618:peoples. In the 490:Valley of Mexico 451: 442: 429: 426: 425: 423:Official website 376: 249: 211:Municipal Status 177: 176: 175: 160: 158: 157: 143: 142: 140: 139: 138: 133: 129: 126: 125: 124: 121: 105: 90: 80: 68: 42: 41: 21: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5177: 4763:Ixtapan del Oro 4544: 4534: 4532:State of Mexico 4524: 4522: 4492: 4487: 4438:Ciudad Victoria 4402:San Luis Potosí 4398:San Luis Potosí 4312:State of Mexico 4187:Baja California 4164: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4121: 4116: 4073: 4070: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4004: 3993: 3984:Wayback Machine 3967: 3962: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3926: 3913:Wayback Machine 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3825: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3632: 3631: 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1730:Industrial zone 1659: 1654: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 864: 832:mountain biking 740: 704: 661: 659:Colonial period 600: 595: 537: 525:Liga MX Femenil 458:State of Mexico 456:capital of the 445:Toluca de Lerdo 427: 421: 420: 392: 370: 222:Toluca de Lerdo 173: 171: 155: 153: 136: 134: 130: 127: 122: 119: 117: 115: 114: 108: 96: 95: 94: 93: 84: 83: 59:Toluca de Lerdo 54: 47: 40: 37: 28: 23: 22: 18:Toluca de Lerdo 15: 12: 11: 5: 5271: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5138:Villa Victoria 5135: 5133:Villa Guerrero 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5113:Valle de Bravo 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4863:Nicolás Romero 4860: 4858:Nezahualcóyotl 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4828:Melchor Ocampo 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4550:Municipalities 4546: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4521: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4475: 4465: 4455: 4445: 4435: 4425: 4415: 4405: 4395: 4385: 4375: 4365: 4355: 4345: 4335: 4325: 4315: 4305: 4295: 4285: 4275: 4265: 4255: 4250: 4240: 4230: 4220: 4210: 4200: 4190: 4180: 4177:Aguascalientes 4173:Aguascalientes 4169: 4166: 4165: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4046: 4008: 4007: 3992: 3991:External links 3989: 3988: 3987: 3974: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3924: 3898: 3872: 3844: 3816: 3801:(in Spanish). 3785: 3764: 3749:(in Spanish). 3738: 3717: 3691: 3665: 3651: 3625: 3581: 3546: 3520: 3494: 3464: 3438: 3412: 3405: 3395:INEGI (1997). 3384: 3369:. vivanatura. 3358: 3332: 3325: 3307: 3275: 3268: 3241: 3218: 3203: 3181: 3174: 3123: 3100: 3068: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2987: 2974: 2956: 2955: 2942: 2929: 2916: 2903: 2890: 2877: 2864: 2851: 2838: 2824: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2792:Vicente Pereda 2789: 2787:Carmen Becerra 2784: 2779: 2774: 2772:Alberto Chimal 2769: 2764: 2759: 2757:Luis Nishizawa 2754: 2749: 2744: 2737: 2736:Notable people 2734: 2730:Mission, Texas 2679: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2467: 2464: 2418: 2417:Food and drink 2415: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2361: 2354:Valle de Bravo 2333: 2332:Calixtlahuaca. 2325: 2297: 2294:Luis Nishizawa 2290: 2279: 2272: 2264: 2245: 2210: 2203: 2196:Miguel Cabrera 2173:Luis Nishizawa 2152: 2149: 1962:Miguel Hidalgo 1949: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1932: 1929: 1880: 1877: 1868: 1865: 1852: 1849: 1843:line known as 1836: 1833: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1798:Transportation 1796: 1731: 1728: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1595:sunshine hours 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1005: 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3534: 3530: 3524: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3453:on 2 May 2014 3452: 3448: 3442: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3408: 3406:970-13-1194-9 3402: 3398: 3391: 3389: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3346: 3342: 3336: 3328: 3326:970-669-001-8 3322: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3269:968-484-012-8 3265: 3261: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3214: 3207: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3175:968-5437-26-2 3171: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3085: 3082:. 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Retrieved 3045: 2958: 2850:, Costa Rica 2817: 2797:Tito Santana 2726:Tito Santana 2723: 2700: 2682: 2608: 2469: 2460: 2456: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2390:Jesus Christ 2379: 2369:Grupo Modelo 2340:, rugs from 2260: 2214:lithographic 2177: 2154: 2145: 2141: 2124:Neoclassical 2108: 2104: 2094: 2086:Saint Joseph 2050:Saint Thomas 2018: 2014: 2008: 2004: 2002: 1989: 1974: 1953: 1951: 1939: 1934: 1905: 1882: 1870: 1867:Bike sharing 1861: 1854: 1838: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1737: 1733: 1676: 1672: 1660: 880: 875: 865: 857: 853:scuba-diving 827: 823: 819: 796:Lake Chapala 789: 785:Zinacantepec 744:municipality 741: 728: 724: 720:independence 705: 681: 662: 648:Aztec Empire 644: 601: 575: 564: 560: 556: 545:Nepintahihui 544: 541:Matlatzincas 538: 506: 502: 498: 474: 444: 435: 434: 428:(in Spanish) 363:(US Central) 236:Ayuntamiento 203:Municipality 92:Coat of arms 29: 5168:Zumpahuacán 5153:Zacazonapan 5073:Tlalmanalco 5048:Texcalyacac 5038:Tequixquiac 5033:Tepotzotlán 5018:Teotihuacán 4978:Temascalapa 4948:Santo Tomás 4893:Otzolotepec 4673:Chicoloapan 4663:Chapultepec 4623:Atlacomulco 4298:Guadalajara 4253:Mexico City 4092:Cosmovitral 4031: / 3952:17 November 3809:14 February 2999:, Argentina 2915:, Palestine 2777:Ninel Conde 2715:Puerto Rico 2658:Potros UAEM 2633:Potros UAEM 2382:Holy Friday 2218:xylographic 2161:Mexico City 2120:Art Nouveau 2116:Cosmovitral 2062:balustrades 2058:Saint James 2054:Saint Peter 2009:Mercenarios 2005:mercenarios 1820:Guadalajara 1760:Grupo Bimbo 1738:Chrysler's 1679:Atlacomulco 824:Xinantecatl 816:Xinantécatl 792:Lerma River 757:Otzolotepec 692:Mexico City 620:Postclassic 604:Matlatzinca 494:Mexico City 486:Mexico City 470:Mexico City 135: / 5197:Categories 5148:Xonacatlán 5028:Tepetlixpa 5013:Teoloyucan 4908:Polotitlán 4888:Otzoloapan 4868:Nopaltepec 4853:Nextlalpan 4803:Juchitepec 4798:Joquicingo 4793:Jocotitlán 4788:Jiquipilco 4783:Jilotzingo 4768:Ixtlahuaca 4753:Ixtapaluca 4743:Hueypoxtla 4738:Huehuetoca 4708:Cuautitlán 4698:Cocotitlán 4678:Chiconcuac 4442:Tamaulipas 4418:Hermosillo 4352:Nuevo León 4328:Cuernavaca 4272:Guanajuato 4268:Guanajuato 4019:99°39′25″W 4016:19°17′33″N 3513:14 October 3487:14 October 3431:29 October 3377:10 October 3351:3 December 3093:11 January 3037:References 2874:Fort Worth 2818:Toluca is 2812:See also: 2802:Diego Luna 2673:Ascenso MX 2440:chicharron 2338:Tenancingo 2281:The Museo 2274:The Museo 2200:catafalque 2046:Saint John 1994:Neoclassic 1982:Franciscan 1895:(UNITEC), 1708:Xonacatlán 1645:Source 2: 1500:(≥ 0.1 mm) 866:Under the 761:Xonacatlán 576:Tolutépetl 284:Population 227:Government 193:Metro area 123:99°39′25″W 120:19°17′33″N 5158:Zacualpan 5143:Xalatlaco 5108:Tultitlán 5098:Tonanitla 4973:Temamatla 4968:Tejuplico 4903:Papalotla 4873:Ocoyoacac 4823:Malinalco 4778:Jilotepec 4728:Ecatzingo 4703:Coyotepec 4648:Capulhuac 4598:Amecameca 4543:(capital) 4482:Zacatecas 4478:Zacatecas 4382:Querétaro 4378:Querétaro 4348:Monterrey 4322:Michoacán 4227:Chihuahua 4223:Chihuahua 3997:Official 3865:9 October 3710:9 October 3684:21 August 3529:"Turismo" 3457:30 August 3296:cite book 3196:4 October 3061:23 August 2863:, Hungary 2835:Caparroso 2384:when the 2314:Siqueiros 2184:Fine Arts 2137:Andromeda 2133:Milky Way 2101:bishopric 2034:basilicas 1948:Landmarks 1879:Education 1752:Coca-Cola 1692:Capulhuac 1683:Ocoyoacac 738:Geography 696:Carlos IV 632:Axayacatl 584:President 535:Etymology 452:, is the 402:722 / 729 398:Area code 382:(Central) 351:Time zone 314:2,353,924 303:2,476,689 276:Elevation 5173:Zumpango 5103:Tultepec 5093:Tonatico 5083:Tlatlaya 5068:Timilpan 5058:Tezoyuca 4958:Sultepec 4818:Luvianos 4773:Jaltenco 4668:Chiautla 4643:Calimaya 4638:Ayapango 4633:Axapusco 4628:Atlautla 4613:Atizapán 4593:Amatepec 4588:Amanalco 4462:Veracruz 4452:Tlaxcala 4448:Tlaxcala 4408:Culiacán 4388:Chetumal 4282:Guerrero 4237:Coahuila 4233:Saltillo 4207:Campeche 4203:Campeche 4183:Mexicali 4163:capitals 3980:Archived 3943:Archived 3920:Archived 3909:Archived 3891:28 March 3885:Archived 3859:Archived 3803:Archived 3778:18 March 3757:28 March 3751:Archived 3704:Archived 3678:Archived 3644:28 March 3638:Archived 3618:28 March 3609:Archived 3574:28 March 3539:28 March 3507:Archived 3481:Archived 3425:Archived 3371:Archived 3191:"Toluca" 3084:Archived 3055:Archived 3004:See also 2997:La Plata 2986:, France 2973:, Brazil 2971:Curitiba 2902:, Serbia 2900:Novi Sad 2887:Nanchang 2861:Debrecen 2688:football 2566:Liga TDP 2482:Founded 2452:cueritos 2386:Catholic 2066:pediment 2021:sacristy 1998:tezontle 1966:Florence 1545:Average 1493:(38.59) 836:climbing 777:Calimaya 669:Carlos V 630:emperor 557:tollocan 345:$ 13,600 5053:Texcoco 4993:Temoaya 4963:Tecámac 4878:Ocuilan 4843:Morelos 4833:Metepec 4563:Acolman 4558:Acambay 4472:Yucatán 4432:Tabasco 4412:Sinaloa 4342:Nayarit 4332:Morelos 4318:Morelia 4302:Jalisco 4292:Hidalgo 4288:Pachuca 4262:Durango 4258:Durango 4217:Chiapas 4001:website 3965:Sources 3731:2 April 3236:1142581 3118:1142581 2984:Lorient 2952:La Vega 2928:, Japan 2926:Saitama 2889:, China 2848:Cartago 2837:, Spain 2820:twinned 2701:Famous 2685:Liga MX 2627:Opened 2618:Stadium 2510:Liga MX 2491:Opened 2485:League 2448:nopales 2423:chorizo 2376:Culture 2346:Metepec 2342:Temoaya 2322:Ehecatl 2151:Museums 2097:Baroque 2038:narthex 1970:Rivalta 1851:Airport 1663:chorizo 1657:Economy 1488:(0.31) 1483:(0.81) 1478:(2.56) 1473:(6.44) 1468:(7.32) 1463:(7.81) 1458:(6.80) 1453:(3.43) 1448:(1.33) 1443:(0.78) 1438:(0.57) 1433:(0.43) 1423:(14.5) 1418:(14.5) 1413:(19.4) 1408:(26.4) 1403:(30.4) 1398:(36.3) 1393:(33.4) 1388:(37.4) 1383:(32.9) 1378:(28.8) 1373:(18.9) 1368:(19.4) 1363:(17.1) 1353:(22.6) 1348:(24.8) 1343:(27.1) 1338:(34.0) 1333:(38.7) 1328:(40.3) 1323:(40.8) 1318:(39.9) 1313:(37.2) 1308:(29.7) 1303:(28.8) 1298:(26.8) 1293:(23.9) 1283:(40.2) 1278:(32.2) 1273:(35.6) 1268:(42.1) 1263:(46.9) 1258:(46.8) 1253:(47.8) 1248:(46.8) 1243:(43.7) 1238:(40.1) 1233:(36.1) 1228:(33.3) 1223:(31.3) 1213:(56.1) 1208:(50.4) 1203:(52.9) 1198:(56.7) 1193:(57.9) 1188:(59.0) 1183:(59.5) 1178:(60.1) 1173:(60.3) 1168:(58.6) 1163:(55.6) 1158:(52.7) 1153:(50.0) 1143:(72.1) 1138:(68.5) 1133:(70.2) 1128:(71.1) 1123:(70.7) 1118:(71.2) 1113:(71.1) 1108:(73.2) 1103:(76.6) 1098:(77.0) 1093:(75.0) 1088:(72.1) 1083:(68.5) 1073:(85.5) 1068:(75.9) 1063:(76.5) 1058:(77.2) 1053:(76.5) 1048:(76.6) 1043:(76.5) 1038:(80.8) 1033:(83.8) 1028:(83.7) 1023:(82.8) 1018:(79.5) 1013:(76.3) 1003:(92.5) 998:(87.8) 993:(80.2) 988:(83.3) 983:(81.5) 978:(79.7) 973:(80.6) 968:(87.8) 963:(92.5) 958:(89.6) 953:(90.5) 948:(86.0) 943:(80.6) 862:Climate 808:Nayarit 773:Metepec 753:Temoaya 688:Castile 612:Mazahua 593:History 580:volcano 572:codices 549:Náhuatl 517:Liga MX 477:Metepec 417:Website 408:Demonym 360:Central 292:223,876 149:Country 5203:Toluca 5088:Toluca 4898:Ozumba 4883:Otumba 4808:La Paz 4733:El Oro 4608:Atenco 4603:Apaxco 4568:Aculco 4541:Toluca 4468:Mérida 4458:Xalapa 4422:Sonora 4372:Puebla 4368:Puebla 4362:Oaxaca 4358:Oaxaca 4308:Toluca 4247:Colima 4243:Colima 4193:La Paz 3977:México 3607:(33). 3403: 3323: 3266: 3234: 3172: 3116: 2822:with: 2703:boxers 2624:League 2488:Venue 2479:Sport 2466:Sports 2431:pipian 2226:offset 2171:, and 2114:. The 2025:Madrid 1887:, the 1784:Barcel 1772:Pfizer 1768:Nestlé 1764:Nissan 1635:2,628 1540:141.3 894:Month 828:Nevado 684:Burgos 628:Mexica 614:, and 553:Aztecs 436:Toluca 206:Toluca 188:Toluca 185:Region 179:Mexico 161:Mexico 159: 4913:Rayón 4813:Lerma 4338:Tepic 3946:(PDF) 3939:(PDF) 3839:INEGI 3828:INEGI 3612:(PDF) 3597:(PDF) 3087:(PDF) 3080:(PDF) 3032:Notes 2939:Suwon 2690:club 2677:1964 2652:1964 2648:ONEFA 2621:Sport 2603:1954 2590:1997 2575:1954 2562:2015 2547:1954 2534:2017 2519:1954 2506:1917 2476:Club 2436:tacos 2090:Jesus 2042:naves 2029:tacos 1788:Knorr 1780:Crisa 1776:Bayer 1756:Femsa 1667:Lerma 1531:12.0 1528:20.4 1525:23.3 1522:24.2 1519:20.9 1516:15.4 1491:980.7 1471:163.5 1466:185.9 1461:198.5 1456:172.8 933:Year 848:pines 765:Lerma 673:Spain 616:Nahua 608:Otomi 569:Aztec 454:state 391:50000 380:UTC-5 356:UTC-6 310:Metro 299:Urban 167:State 3954:2023 3893:2008 3867:2007 3811:2023 3780:2008 3759:2008 3733:2008 3712:2007 3686:2014 3646:2008 3620:2008 3605:xvii 3576:2008 3541:2008 3515:2023 3489:2023 3477:NOAA 3459:2012 3433:2013 3401:ISBN 3379:2007 3353:2007 3321:ISBN 3302:link 3264:ISBN 3232:OCLC 3198:2007 3170:ISBN 3114:OCLC 3095:2024 3063:2015 2713:and 2615:Team 2427:mole 2408:UAEM 2394:Lent 2352:and 2299:The 2122:and 2107:and 2080:and 2056:and 1919:and 1835:Rail 1810:The 1803:Road 1792:HSBC 1722:and 1706:and 1647:NOAA 1632:246 1629:215 1626:207 1623:163 1620:187 1617:183 1614:169 1611:235 1608:258 1605:275 1602:246 1599:244 1549:(%) 1537:2.1 1534:5.1 1513:7.5 1510:4.6 1507:3.0 1504:2.8 1481:20.6 1476:65.0 1451:87.2 1446:33.8 1441:19.9 1436:14.6 1431:10.9 1421:−9.7 1416:−9.7 1411:−7.0 1406:−3.1 1401:−0.9 1376:−1.8 1371:−7.3 1366:−7.0 1361:−8.3 1351:−5.2 1346:−4.0 1341:−2.7 1306:−1.3 1301:−1.8 1296:−2.9 1291:−4.5 1221:−0.4 1211:13.4 1206:10.2 1201:11.6 1196:13.7 1191:14.4 1186:15.0 1181:15.3 1176:15.6 1171:15.7 1166:14.8 1161:13.1 1156:11.5 1151:10.0 1141:22.3 1136:20.3 1131:21.2 1126:21.7 1121:21.5 1116:21.8 1111:21.7 1106:22.9 1101:24.8 1096:25.0 1091:23.9 1086:22.3 1081:20.3 1071:29.7 1066:24.4 1061:24.7 1056:25.1 1051:24.7 1046:24.8 1041:24.7 1036:27.1 1031:28.8 1026:28.7 1021:28.2 1016:26.4 1011:24.6 1001:33.6 996:31.0 991:26.8 986:28.5 981:27.5 976:26.5 971:27.0 966:31.0 961:33.6 956:32.0 951:32.5 946:30.0 941:27.0 930:Dec 927:Nov 924:Oct 921:Sep 918:Aug 915:Jul 912:Jun 909:May 906:Apr 903:Mar 900:Feb 897:Jan 790:The 742:The 561:Tolo 507:The 329:2023 255:Area 82:Flag 3799:T21 2717:'s 1968:by 1744:BMW 1588:65 1585:65 1582:67 1579:70 1576:72 1573:72 1570:71 1567:68 1564:60 1561:56 1558:58 1555:61 1552:64 1486:8.0 1396:2.4 1391:0.8 1386:3.0 1381:0.5 1336:1.1 1331:3.7 1326:4.6 1321:4.9 1316:4.4 1311:2.9 1281:4.6 1276:0.1 1271:2.0 1266:5.6 1261:8.3 1256:8.2 1251:8.8 1246:8.2 1241:6.5 1236:4.5 1231:2.3 1226:0.7 876:Cwb 814:or 675:to 671:of 574:as 565:can 373:DST 5199:: 3927:^ 3915:, 3883:. 3837:. 3819:^ 3797:. 3702:. 3636:. 3603:. 3599:. 3584:^ 3549:^ 3479:. 3475:. 3387:^ 3298:}} 3294:{{ 3278:^ 3244:^ 3126:^ 2732:. 2450:, 2429:, 2410:. 2348:, 2316:, 2312:, 2308:, 2255:, 2240:, 2236:, 2232:, 2220:, 2216:, 2194:, 2167:, 2076:, 2052:, 2048:, 1911:, 1875:. 1839:A 1786:, 1782:, 1778:, 1774:, 1770:, 1766:, 1762:, 1758:, 1754:, 1750:, 1746:, 1718:, 1714:, 1702:, 1698:, 1694:, 1690:, 834:, 787:. 779:, 775:, 771:, 767:, 763:, 759:, 755:, 751:, 710:, 679:. 642:. 610:, 606:, 589:. 531:. 4517:e 4510:t 4503:v 4484:) 4480:( 4474:) 4470:( 4464:) 4460:( 4454:) 4450:( 4444:) 4440:( 4434:) 4430:( 4424:) 4420:( 4414:) 4410:( 4404:) 4400:( 4394:) 4390:( 4384:) 4380:( 4374:) 4370:( 4364:) 4360:( 4354:) 4350:( 4344:) 4340:( 4334:) 4330:( 4324:) 4320:( 4314:) 4310:( 4304:) 4300:( 4294:) 4290:( 4284:) 4280:( 4274:) 4270:( 4264:) 4260:( 4249:) 4245:( 4239:) 4235:( 4229:) 4225:( 4219:) 4215:( 4209:) 4205:( 4199:) 4195:( 4189:) 4185:( 4179:) 4175:( 4146:e 4139:t 4132:v 4065:e 4058:t 4051:v 4003:— 3956:. 3895:. 3869:. 3813:. 3782:. 3761:. 3735:. 3714:. 3688:. 3648:. 3622:. 3578:. 3543:. 3517:. 3491:. 3461:. 3435:. 3409:. 3381:. 3355:. 3329:. 3304:) 3272:. 3238:. 3200:. 3178:. 3120:. 3097:. 3065:. 2434:" 2360:. 2324:. 2285:( 874:( 375:) 365:) 358:( 36:. 20:)

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