686:
663:
51:
1216:
42:
6571:
2208:
Narimatsu A, Taira N (August 1976). "Effects of atrio-ventricular conduction of calcium-antagonistic coronary vasodilators, local anaesthetics and quinidine injected into the posterior and the anterior septal artery of the atrio-ventricular node preparation of the dog".
1379:
with increased effectiveness. When applied topically, it is made into a cream form using either petrolatum or
Phlojel. Phlojel absorbs the diltiazem into the problem area better than the petrolatum base. It has good short-term success rates.
2252:
1928:
Wattanasuwan N, Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Arora P, Singh N, Vasavada BC, et al. (February 2001). "Acute ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation: IV combination of diltiazem and digoxin vs. IV diltiazem alone".
1223:
Diltiazem, also known as (2S,3S)-3-acetoxy-5--2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochlorid has a vasodilating activity attributed to the (2S,3S)-isomer. Diltiazem is a potent
2256:
2124:
Ohno Y, Hisaka A, Suzuki H (2007). "General framework for the quantitative prediction of CYP3A4-mediated oral drug interactions based on the AUC increase by coadministration of standard drugs".
1051:, patients with reduced ventricular function may not be able to counteract the negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of diltiazem, the result being an even higher compromise of function.
2023:
Griffin N, Acheson AG, Jonas M, Scholefield JH (October 2002). "The role of topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissures that have failed glyceryl trinitrate therapy".
758:
294:
1123:
of vessels and the resulting drop in blood pressure, works to counteract the negative inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects of diltiazem. Undesirable effects include
2804:
Sajid MS, Rimple J, Cheek E, Baig MK (January 2008). "The efficacy of diltiazem and glyceryltrinitrate for the medical management of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis".
1176:
Intravenous diltiazem should be used with caution with beta-blockers because, while the combination is most potent at reducing heart rate, there are rare instances of
1885:
Gabrielli A, Gallagher TJ, Caruso LJ, Bennett NT, Layon AJ (October 2001). "Diltiazem to treat sinus tachycardia in critically ill patients: a four-year experience".
1560:
6549:
6500:
1207:
Concurrent use of fentanyl with diltiazem, or any other CYP3A4 inhibitors, as these medications decrease the breakdown of fentanyl and thus increase its effects.
5265:
5110:
2603:"Augmented behavioral response and enhanced synaptosomal calcium transport induced by repeated cocaine administration are decreased by calcium channel blockers"
4061:
239:
3932:
6382:
6377:
6367:
2311:
O'Connor SE, Grosset A, Janiak P (1999). "The pharmacological basis and pathophysiological significance of the heart rate-lowering property of diltiazem".
6636:
6317:
5606:
3990:
3985:
4056:
800:
InChI=1S/C22H26N2O4S/c1-15(25)28-20-21(16-9-11-17(27-4)12-10-16)29-19-8-6-5-7-18(19)24(22(20)26)14-13-23(2)3/h5-12,20-21H,13-14H2,1-4H3/t20-,21+/m1/s1
2650:
Kishioka S, Ko MC, Woods JH (May 2000). "Diltiazem enhances the analgesic but not the respiratory depressant effects of morphine in rhesus monkeys".
1842:
Claas SA, Glasser SP (May 2005). "Long-acting diltiazem HCl for the chronotherapeutic treatment of hypertension and chronic stable angina pectoris".
1058:, the use of diltiazem should be avoided in patients with SA or AV nodal abnormalities, because of its negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects.
904:
to prolong the period until it can beat again. It does this by blocking the entry of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. It is a
3942:
3652:
3592:
3497:
2865:
2066:
Ramoska EA, Spiller HA, Winter M, Borys D (February 1993). "A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment".
6451:
5072:
3817:
3762:
3757:
3722:
2712:
Jonas M, Neal KR, Abercrombie JF, Scholefield JH (August 2001). "A randomized trial of oral vs. topical diltiazem for chronic anal fissures".
5933:
5696:
5626:
4555:
4412:
4287:
4031:
3879:
3842:
3742:
3737:
3637:
3622:
3617:
3582:
2685:
Verma V, Mediratta PK, Sharma KK (July 2001). "Potentiation of analgesia and reversal of tolerance to morphine by calcium channel blockers".
121:
5252:
4675:
4650:
4565:
4212:
4202:
3792:
3782:
3752:
3747:
3712:
3667:
3612:
3602:
3597:
772:
6135:
5257:
5237:
5222:
5192:
4610:
4520:
3952:
3857:
3847:
3827:
3807:
3787:
6171:
5928:
5923:
5908:
5212:
4126:
3909:
2441:
Andersson KE, Vinge E (March 1990). "Beta-adrenoceptor blockers and calcium antagonists in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine".
4660:
4640:
4036:
4016:
5953:
5275:
4924:
4021:
6191:
4144:
1778:
1534:
1508:
1482:
1426:
4041:
3967:
6486:
4976:
3441:
2371:
2295:
1731:
1700:
1673:
1634:
1108:
1337:. Some research on diltiazem and other calcium channel antagonists in the treatment and prophylaxis of migraine is ongoing.
5416:
5394:
3490:
3316:
1139:, fatigue, headaches and edema. Rare side effects are congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hepatotoxicity.
5289:
2858:
1104:
2546:
Peroutka SJ (November 1983). "The pharmacology of calcium channel antagonists: a novel class of anti-migraine agents?".
6616:
6218:
3523:
1195:
should not be used concurrently with calcium channel blockers because of reduced clearance of both drugs and potential
6621:
6591:
835:
817:
792:
232:
172:
4488:
3458:
5179:
4999:
3483:
2169:"Cardiovascular adverse drug reaction associated with combined beta-adrenergic and calcium entry-blocking agents"
1248:
409:
279:
153:
2851:
1076:
483:
5746:
5476:
3077:
6545:
3219:
3214:
3165:
3160:
3082:
3024:
2971:
2916:
2912:
983:
681:
534:
3359:
2896:
6525:
2387:
Montastruc JL, Senard JM (April 1992). "" [Calcium channel blockers and prevention of migraine].
2354:
Gordon SG, Kittleson MD (2008). "Drugs used in the management of heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias".
642:
1236:
conduction. It binds to the alpha-1 subunit of L-type calcium channels in a fashion somewhat similar to
6601:
6596:
6561:
1302:
1283:
995:
6606:
6511:
6085:
5408:
5306:
4990:
4502:
3086:
1779:"Diltiazem hydrochloride – diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release tablets tablet, extended release"
1168:, there are a number of drug interactions. Some of the more important interactions are listed below.
915:. In 2021, it was the 84th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8
603:
6413:
6331:
6232:
6149:
6018:
5441:
5338:
5170:
4939:
1048:
658:
6631:
6359:
6295:
5631:
3537:
3446:
3197:
3169:
2588:
1427:"Dilcardia SR 120 mg Prolonged-release hard capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
905:
900:, resulting in them opening and allowing blood to flow more easily. Additionally, it acts on the
209:
111:
1665:
6611:
6163:
6099:
5490:
4456:
4447:
4011:
3998:
3980:
3922:
3546:
2901:
1598:
1365:
1240:, another nondihydropyridine (non-DHP) calcium channel blocker. Chemically, it is based upon a
624:
583:
131:
17:
1690:
1624:
866:. When given by injection, effects typically begin within a few minutes and last a few hours.
6127:
6028:
3327:
3284:
1321:, symptoms. These effects also reduce blood pressure by causing less blood to be pumped out.
1310:
1271:
1181:
1136:
1092:
863:
474:
5721:
4252:
4187:
4167:
2874:
1263:
543:
523:
438:
372:
2559:
1966:"The role of existing and newer calcium channel blockers in the treatment of hypertension"
966:
911:
Diltiazem was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982. It is available as a
8:
6372:
4510:
3914:
3205:
2981:
2414:
Kim KE (February 1991). "Comparative clinical pharmacology of calcium channel blockers".
1120:
1088:
1001:
935:
859:
429:
216:
1027:. Calcium channel blockers are well tolerated, and especially effective in treating low-
685:
662:
4782:
4777:
4680:
4387:
4157:
3345:
2829:
2786:
2737:
2627:
2602:
2571:
2466:
2336:
2324:
2234:
2149:
2048:
2005:
1992:
1965:
1910:
1867:
1658:
1314:
1267:
1177:
942:
912:
870:
183:
2663:
2079:
6431:
6042:
5716:
5360:
5232:
4479:
4372:
3506:
2821:
2778:
2773:
2756:
2729:
2694:
2667:
2632:
2563:
2528:
2493:
2458:
2454:
2423:
2396:
2367:
2363:
2328:
2291:
2226:
2190:
2185:
2168:
2141:
2137:
2106:
2083:
2040:
2036:
1997:
1982:
1946:
1902:
1898:
1859:
1824:
1696:
1669:
1630:
1456:
1434:
1376:
1313:– increasing the time needed for each beat. Each of these effects results in reduced
1080:
1069:
976:
952:
614:
320:
307:
145:
2833:
2790:
2741:
2575:
2470:
2340:
2238:
2153:
2052:
2009:
1914:
1871:
6626:
6209:
5706:
5621:
5421:
5140:
4929:
4267:
2935:
2813:
2768:
2721:
2659:
2622:
2614:
2555:
2520:
2450:
2359:
2320:
2283:
2218:
2180:
2133:
2075:
2032:
1987:
1977:
1938:
1894:
1851:
1816:
1341:
1334:
1244:
1009:
847:
698:
342:
262:
252:
68:
1723:
463:
6575:
6461:
6456:
6426:
6255:
6250:
5853:
5818:
5808:
5773:
5380:
5355:
4822:
4515:
4397:
3552:
3514:
3405:
3396:
2887:
2484:
Paterna S, Martino SG, Campisi D, Cascio
Ingurgio N, Marsala BA (July 1990). "".
2287:
1753:
1692:
Gardner's
Commercially Important Chemicals: Synonyms, Trade Names, and Properties
1400:
1318:
1306:
1279:
1196:
958:
851:
843:
360:
350:
2878:
2524:
2511:
Smith R, Schwartz A (May 1984). "Diltiazem prophylaxis in refractory migraine".
2253:"Drug interactions: Interactions between fentanyl and drugs that inhibit CYP3A4"
6436:
6392:
5983:
5883:
5793:
5467:
5323:
5266:
5111:
5067:
5022:
4767:
4757:
4377:
4297:
3894:
3797:
3452:
3301:
2843:
1820:
1345:
1241:
1100:
1005:
948:
3927:
3522:
2817:
2618:
945:, secondary to decreased peripheral resistance, heart rate, and contractility.
6585:
6446:
6339:
6285:
6270:
6056:
5993:
5726:
5671:
5666:
5656:
5611:
5431:
5365:
5217:
5027:
5012:
4857:
4550:
4432:
4272:
4152:
4131:
4106:
4026:
3647:
3642:
1855:
1372:
1035:
962:
931:
893:
886:
878:
674:
1942:
6318:
6066:
5978:
5968:
5878:
5813:
5711:
5641:
5576:
5566:
5521:
5145:
5130:
5077:
5032:
4887:
4842:
4827:
4817:
4802:
4742:
4382:
4362:
4302:
3852:
3707:
3567:
3336:
3223:
2950:
2930:
2825:
2782:
2733:
2698:
2671:
2636:
2332:
2194:
2145:
2110:
2044:
2001:
1950:
1906:
1863:
1828:
1294:
1024:
1020:
969:) – diltiazem may be particularly effective if the underlying mechanism is
855:
839:
257:
247:
50:
2567:
2532:
2497:
2462:
2427:
2400:
2230:
2087:
1215:
919:
million prescriptions. An extended release formulation is also available.
33:
6117:
6071:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5863:
5848:
5843:
5798:
5777:
5769:
5681:
5676:
5661:
5646:
5581:
5526:
5102:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5062:
5047:
5037:
5017:
4919:
4902:
4892:
4882:
4872:
4867:
4837:
4812:
4807:
4787:
4772:
4737:
4722:
4685:
4620:
4580:
4570:
4427:
4422:
4407:
4392:
4332:
4197:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4076:
3957:
3904:
3899:
3884:
3727:
3702:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3475:
3306:
3242:
3150:
3120:
3063:
3048:
2755:
Nash GF, Kapoor K, Saeb-Parsy K, Kunanadam T, Dawson PM (November 2006).
1330:
1305:– how strong the beat is, lowering of heart rate – due to slowing of the
1298:
1225:
1154:
1128:
1124:
1096:
1061:
1055:
1013:
874:
220:
139:
881:, liver problems, and allergic reactions. Use is not recommended during
503:
6421:
6349:
6344:
6280:
6275:
6265:
6260:
6240:
6061:
6050:
6046:
6013:
5898:
5893:
5868:
5858:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5764:
5754:
5736:
5731:
5701:
5691:
5651:
5616:
5571:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5536:
5501:
5426:
5370:
5347:
5315:
5242:
5202:
5160:
5150:
5125:
5097:
5057:
5042:
4962:
4957:
4897:
4877:
4862:
4852:
4717:
4707:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4615:
4575:
4530:
4525:
4437:
4417:
4357:
4347:
4277:
4257:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4207:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4086:
4066:
4046:
3972:
3962:
3947:
3937:
3889:
3837:
3772:
3697:
3687:
3677:
3657:
3632:
3627:
3607:
3587:
3557:
3367:
3272:
3252:
3135:
3115:
3110:
3095:
3058:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3006:
2945:
2725:
2222:
1509:"Cardizem CD–diltiazem hydrochloride capsule, coated, extended release"
1229:
1075:
Diltiazem may paradoxically increase ventricular rate in patients with
939:
734:
514:
227:
41:
6441:
6387:
6303:
6186:
6176:
6107:
6036:
5998:
5973:
5963:
5888:
5838:
5783:
5759:
5686:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5546:
5541:
5531:
5516:
5375:
5247:
5227:
5207:
5197:
5155:
5135:
5052:
4847:
4762:
4752:
4732:
4670:
4655:
4645:
4605:
4590:
4560:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4461:
4402:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4322:
4312:
4292:
4282:
4262:
4237:
3867:
3832:
3812:
3732:
3717:
3413:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3341:
3296:
3267:
3183:
3145:
3130:
3105:
3100:
3033:
3011:
3001:
2987:
2960:
2955:
2940:
1357:
1353:
1290:
1275:
1237:
1192:
1132:
991:
970:
882:
449:
394:
385:
125:
2591:. Sciencedaily.com (28 February 2008). Retrieved on 21 October 2012.
2483:
1457:"Angitil SR/XL Capsules – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
6112:
5918:
5913:
5873:
5788:
5636:
5511:
5449:
4832:
4797:
4702:
4317:
4247:
4217:
4177:
4071:
3862:
3822:
3802:
3331:
3257:
3237:
2925:
2278:
Matsumae H, Akatsuka H, Shibatani T (2010). "Diltiazem
Synthesis".
1361:
1349:
1348:. This is believed to be due to the effects of calcium blockers on
1233:
897:
563:
494:
167:
1282:(DHP) calcium channel blockers. This results in minimal reflexive
757:
630:
6181:
6003:
5803:
5328:
4727:
4665:
4327:
4307:
4003:
3874:
3423:
3418:
3349:
3262:
3232:
3200:
3140:
2995:
2601:
Mills K, Ansah TA, Ali SF, Mukherjee S, Shockley DC (July 2007).
2347:
1771:
1151:
1065:
2166:
869:
Common side effects include swelling, dizziness, headaches, and
6007:
5271:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
5120:
5116:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
4792:
4712:
4595:
4585:
4367:
4136:
3125:
2757:"The long-term results of diltiazem treatment for anal fissure"
2711:
1884:
1165:
1161:
1157:
594:
390:
2022:
1535:"Cardizem LA–diltiazem hydrochloride tablet, extended release"
1038:
because it promotes healing due to its vasodilatory property.
6487:
4977:
4747:
4600:
2754:
2167:
Edoute Y, Nagachandran P, Svirski B, Ben-Ami H (April 2000).
1028:
901:
748:
574:
365:
5395:
2895:
647:
6323:
Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
6245:
5290:
4948:
4910:
4693:
1329:
Diltiazem is prescribed off-label by doctors in the US for
1087:
Diltiazem is relatively contraindicated in the presence of
987:
554:
95:
89:
86:
6219:
3524:
1927:
2310:
2277:
2065:
74:
4489:
5180:
5000:
1807:
Grossman E, Messerli FH (2004). "Calcium antagonists".
2600:
1802:
1800:
6559:
5477:
1599:"Diltiazem Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals"
1395:
1393:
92:
2803:
2684:
1527:
1501:
1356:
signaling in the brain. Diltiazem also enhances the
1228:, increasing blood flow and variably decreasing the
1041:
83:
77:
71:
1797:
1301:effects. This means diltiazem causes a decrease in
482:
98:
80:
1657:
1390:
6512:
6086:
1483:"Cardizem–diltiazem hydrochloride tablet, coated"
1475:
1371:Diltiazem is also being used in the treatment of
951:– it is effective owing to its direct effects on
6583:
6150:
2873:
2386:
2123:
2100:
1806:
1629:. Cardiotext Publishing. 2011. pp. 251–52.
1340:Recent research has shown diltiazem may reduce
462:
6550:Transient receptor potential channel modulators
2649:
2353:
2105:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1664:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2010. p.
780:O=C2N(c3c(S(c1ccc(OC)cc1)2OC(=O)C)cccc3)CCN(C)C
437:
2440:
2211:Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
2207:
6492:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels
4982:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
3491:
3404:
2859:
2589:Common Heart Drug May Reduce Cocaine Cravings
2510:
2117:
2094:
1566:. European Medicines Agency. 11 January 2018.
1119:A reflex sympathetic response, caused by the
5400:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel
2101:Talreja O, Cassagnol M (2019). "Diltiazem".
1921:
1841:
1368:, and reduces the development of tolerance.
171:
5298:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel
2806:International Journal of Colorectal Disease
1593:
1034:It is also used as topical application for
990:), diltiazem appears to be as effective as
334:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
6637:Chemical substances for emergency medicine
6224:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel
4516:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
3529:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels
3505:
3498:
3484:
2866:
2852:
2761:International Journal of Clinical Practice
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1309:, and a slowing of conduction through the
1023:effects, diltiazem is useful for treating
836:nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
684:
661:
522:
233:Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
49:
40:
2772:
2626:
2271:
2184:
1991:
1981:
1317:by the heart, reducing angina, typically
934:(exercise-induced) – diltiazem increases
542:
4494:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels
2545:
2280:Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology
1214:
5188:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
5008:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
2313:Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
1570:
1072:, should not be treated with diltiazem.
873:. Other severe side effects include an
657:
502:
420:-(+)-undeca-7,9,11-trien-4-yl]ethanoate
144:
116:Cardizem, Dilacor XR, Cartia XT, others
14:
6584:
2687:Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
2173:Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
1963:
1695:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 223.
1210:
675:
326:
301:
5482:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels
3479:
2847:
2560:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1983.hed2306278.x
1688:
1109:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1056:SA node or AV conduction disturbances
623:
602:
582:
314:
162:
130:
5417:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
1734:from the original on 15 January 2024
1364:in animal tests, without increasing
1145:
1008:is another indication. The initial
629:
261:
251:
4511:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
2513:The New England Journal of Medicine
2413:
1809:Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
1754:"Diltiazem – Drug Usage Statistics"
1626:Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics
1105:peripheral artery occlusive disease
562:
453:
24:
2356:Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
2325:10.1111/j.1472-8206.1999.tb00333.x
27:Calcium channel blocker medication
25:
6648:
6517:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels
6091:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel
1844:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
1068:blood pressures below 90 mm
1042:Contraindications and precautions
288:
194:
6569:
6155:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel
2774:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00895.x
2714:Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
2652:European Journal of Pharmacology
2455:10.2165/00003495-199039030-00003
2364:10.1016/b978-070202858-8.50019-1
2186:10.1097/00005344-200004000-00007
2138:10.2165/00003088-200746080-00005
2037:10.1046/j.1463-1318.2002.00376.x
1983:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03683.x
1970:Journal of Clinical Hypertension
1899:10.1097/00003246-200110000-00004
1561:"Active substance(s): diltiazem"
1401:"Diltiazem Use During Pregnancy"
1199:effects at the SA and AV nodes.
1171:
892:Diltiazem works by relaxing the
715:
709:
67:
2797:
2748:
2705:
2678:
2643:
2594:
2582:
2539:
2504:
2477:
2434:
2407:
2380:
2304:
2245:
2201:
2160:
2059:
2016:
1957:
1878:
1835:
1746:
1716:
1682:
1650:
1433:. 22 March 2018. Archived from
1251:-type calcium channel blocker.
1114:
922:
805:Key:HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N
3973:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)
2358:. Elsevier. pp. 380–457.
1617:
1553:
1449:
1419:
1278:, though not as potent as the
1270:, respectively, which reduces
1077:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
998:supraventricular tachycardia.
727:
721:
703:
13:
1:
6546:Receptor/signaling modulators
3948:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
2664:10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00248-X
2080:10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80202-1
1976:(11): 621–629, quiz 630–631.
1383:
1150:Because of its inhibition of
1081:accessory conduction pathways
984:supraventricular tachycardias
2288:10.1002/9780470054581.eib603
2068:Annals of Emergency Medicine
1375:. It can be taken orally or
1187:
927:Diltiazem is indicated for:
885:. It is unclear if use when
858:cannot be used. It is taken
830:, sold under the brand name
7:
2525:10.1056/NEJM198405173102015
1324:
1202:
1012:should be 0.25 mg/kg,
10:
6653:
5509:Antiarrhythmics (class I):
1964:Basile J (November 2004).
1821:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.04.006
1303:heart muscle contractility
693:Chemical and physical data
6617:Drugs developed by AbbVie
6539:
6510:
6485:
6478:
6412:
6405:
6358:
6330:
6316:
6294:
6231:
6217:
6208:
6162:
6148:
6126:
6098:
6084:
6027:
6019:Tricyclic antidepressants
5489:
5475:
5466:
5440:
5407:
5393:
5337:
5305:
5288:
5169:
5028:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
4989:
4975:
4938:
4501:
4487:
4478:
4446:
3536:
3513:
3436:
3395:
3358:
3315:
3283:
3213:
3196:
3159:
3076:
3022:
2969:
2910:
2886:
2818:10.1007/s00384-007-0384-x
2619:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.028
2416:American Family Physician
2126:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
1232:via strong depression of
1095:conduction disturbances,
850:. It may also be used in
838:medication used to treat
813:
788:
768:
746:
733:
697:
692:
673:
641:
613:
593:
573:
553:
533:
513:
493:
473:
448:
428:
405:
400:
384:
371:
359:
349:
341:
278:
273:
238:
226:
208:
182:
152:
138:
120:
110:
62:
57:
48:
39:
6622:Drugs developed by Merck
6592:Calcium channel blockers
1856:10.1517/14656566.6.5.765
1049:congestive heart failure
5632:Eslicarbazepine acetate
1943:10.1378/chest.119.2.502
1289:Diltiazem has negative
1219:180 mg Cardizem capsule
906:class IV antiarrhythmic
5376:Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
3507:Ion channel modulators
2486:La Clinica Terapeutica
1887:Critical Care Medicine
1366:respiratory depression
1220:
875:overly slow heart beat
3733:Ryodipine (riodipine)
3328:muscarinic antagonist
2875:Antiarrhythmic agents
1724:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1660:Nurse's Drug Handbook
1311:atrioventricular node
1272:peripheral resistance
1218:
1093:atrioventricular node
864:injection into a vein
5722:Valproate semisodium
4253:Carboxyamidotriazole
4188:Gabapentin enacarbil
4168:Arbaclofen placarbil
6373:1,10-Phenanthroline
4930:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
3915:Tetrahydropalmatine
3170:Ca channel blockers
2902:Na channel blockers
2389:Pathologie-Biologie
1211:Mechanism of action
1121:peripheral dilation
1089:sick sinus syndrome
1002:Atrial fibrillation
936:coronary blood flow
840:high blood pressure
834:among others, is a
310:(Prescription only)
297:(Prescription only)
36:
6383:7,8-Benzoquinoline
6378:4,7-Phenanthroline
6368:1,7-Phenanthroline
5744:Local anesthetics:
5276:ML-297 (VU0456810)
4783:Diallyl trisulfide
4778:Dextropropoxyphene
4681:Tetraethylammonium
4388:Pinaverium bromide
4158:4-Methylpregabalin
3463:Never to phase III
3346:muscarinic agonist
3087:K channel blockers
2726:10.1007/BF02234624
2259:on 3 December 2017
2223:10.1007/bf00507850
2025:Colorectal Disease
1315:oxygen consumption
1268:peripheral vessels
1221:
1062:Low blood pressure
943:oxygen consumption
913:generic medication
871:low blood pressure
32:
6602:CYP3A4 inhibitors
6597:CYP2D6 inhibitors
6557:
6556:
6535:
6534:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6432:Meclofenamic acid
6401:
6400:
6312:
6311:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6144:
6143:
6080:
6079:
5954:RG7893 (GDC-0287)
5717:Valproate pivoxil
5607:Acetylpheneturide
5462:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5389:
5388:
5361:Meclofenamic acid
5324:Ethanol (alcohol)
5284:
5283:
5233:Minoxidil sulfate
4971:
4970:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4373:Otilonium bromide
4298:Ethanol (alcohol)
4062:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
3798:Phenylalkylamines
3473:
3472:
3432:
3431:
3391:
3390:
3192:
3191:
3072:
3071:
2767:(11): 1411–1413.
2519:(20): 1327–1328.
2373:978-0-7020-2858-8
2297:978-0-471-79930-6
2282:. pp. 1–20.
1893:(10): 1874–1879.
1702:978-0-471-73661-5
1689:Milne GW (2005).
1675:978-0-7637-7900-9
1636:978-1-935395-62-1
1437:on 28 August 2021
1377:applied topically
1344:in drug-addicted
1335:cluster headaches
1146:Drug interactions
977:Myocardial bridge
953:coronary dilation
848:heart arrhythmias
825:
824:
759:Interactive image
643:CompTox Dashboard
330:
318:
305:
292:
198:
165:
16:(Redirected from
6644:
6607:Benzothiazepines
6574:
6573:
6572:
6565:
6518:
6514:
6493:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6410:
6409:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6088:
5707:Sodium valproate
5622:Chlorphenacemide
5604:Anticonvulsants:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5422:Arachidonic acid
5405:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5272:
5268:
5189:
5185:
5141:Dextromethorphan
5117:
5113:
5009:
5005:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4457:L-type-selective
4268:Dimeditiapramine
4230:Others/unsorted:
4012:T-type-selective
3999:R-type-selective
3981:P-type-selective
3933:ω-Conotoxin GVIA
3923:N-type-selective
3553:Dihydropyridines
3547:L-type-selective
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3402:
3401:
3397:Ion transporters
3211:
3210:
2908:
2907:
2893:
2892:
2888:Channel blockers
2868:
2861:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2776:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2720:(8): 1074–1078.
2709:
2703:
2702:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2255:. Archived from
2249:
2243:
2242:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1995:
1985:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1397:
1342:cocaine cravings
918:
896:in the walls of
821:
820:
761:
741:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
688:
677:
666:
665:
651:
649:
633:
627:
606:
586:
566:
546:
526:
506:
486:
466:
456:
455:
441:
376:
328:
325:
316:
313:
303:
300:
290:
287:
265:
255:
196:
193:
175:
164:
161:
148:
134:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
53:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6560:
6558:
6553:
6531:
6516:
6506:
6491:
6466:
6462:Trifluoperazine
6457:Tolfenamic acid
6427:Flufenamic acid
6397:
6354:
6322:
6308:
6290:
6256:Flufenamic acid
6251:Ethacrynic acid
6223:
6196:
6154:
6140:
6122:
6090:
6076:
6023:
5854:Metabutoxycaine
5819:Diphenhydramine
5809:Cyclomethycaine
5774:Levobupivacaine
5481:
5454:
5436:
5399:
5385:
5381:Tolfenamic acid
5356:Flufenamic acid
5351:
5333:
5319:
5297:
5294:
5280:
5270:
5187:
5184:
5165:
5115:
5007:
5004:
4981:
4967:
4952:
4934:
4914:
4823:Norpropoxyphene
4700:11.1)-specific:
4699:
4493:
4466:
4442:
4398:Rhynchophylline
4148:
3528:
3509:
3504:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3453:Clinical trials
3428:
3387:
3354:
3344:
3320:
3311:
3302:Benzodiazepines
3288:
3279:
3248:cardioselective
3217:
3203:
3188:
3163:
3155:
3080:
3068:
3018:
2965:
2899:
2882:
2872:
2842:
2841:
2802:
2798:
2753:
2749:
2710:
2706:
2683:
2679:
2648:
2644:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2544:
2540:
2509:
2505:
2482:
2478:
2439:
2435:
2412:
2408:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2352:
2348:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2206:
2202:
2165:
2161:
2122:
2118:
2099:
2095:
2064:
2060:
2021:
2017:
1962:
1958:
1926:
1922:
1883:
1879:
1840:
1836:
1805:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1515:. 30 April 2020
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1327:
1319:unstable angina
1307:sinoatrial node
1280:dihydropyridine
1262:vasodilator of
1249:benzothiazepine
1213:
1205:
1197:pharmacodynamic
1190:
1174:
1148:
1142:
1117:
1064:patients, with
1044:
1019:Because of its
959:Unstable angina
925:
916:
852:hyperthyroidism
816:
814:
809:
806:
801:
796:
795:
784:
781:
776:
775:
764:
739:
726:
720:
714:
708:
669:
645:
637:
609:
589:
569:
549:
529:
509:
489:
469:
452:
444:
424:
421:
413:
412:
393:
374:
351:Bioavailability
343:Pharmacokinetic
337:
269:
211:
204:
185:
178:
70:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6650:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6632:Acetate esters
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6579:
6578:
6555:
6554:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6519:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6496:
6494:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6437:Mefenamic acid
6434:
6429:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6393:Phenanthridine
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6325:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6226:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6166:
6157:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6093:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6041:Atracotoxins (
6039:
6033:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6001:
5996:
5987:
5986:
5984:Zetekitoxin AB
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5884:Proxymetacaine
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5794:Chloroprocaine
5791:
5786:
5781:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5505:
5504:
5495:
5493:
5484:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5402:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5300:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5182:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Glyclopyramide
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5023:Chlorpropamide
5020:
5015:
5002:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4768:Clarithromycin
4765:
4760:
4758:Chlorpromazine
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4496:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4378:Paramethadione
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4153:gabapentinoids
4146:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:Non-selective:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3993:
3991:ω-Agatoxin IVB
3988:
3986:ω-Agatoxin IVA
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Huwentoxin XVI
3940:
3935:
3930:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Cyproheptadine
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Levniguldipine
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Dexniguldipine
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3339:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3208:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2977:
2975:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Hydroquinidine
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2796:
2747:
2704:
2693:(7): 636–642.
2677:
2642:
2613:(7): 600–608.
2593:
2581:
2554:(6): 278–283.
2538:
2503:
2492:(2): 119–125.
2476:
2449:(3): 355–373.
2433:
2422:(2): 583–588.
2406:
2395:(4): 381–388.
2379:
2372:
2346:
2319:(2): 145–153.
2303:
2296:
2270:
2244:
2217:(2): 169–177.
2200:
2179:(4): 556–559.
2159:
2132:(8): 681–696.
2116:
2093:
2074:(2): 196–200.
2058:
2031:(6): 430–435.
2015:
1956:
1937:(2): 502–506.
1920:
1877:
1850:(5): 765–776.
1834:
1796:
1785:. 1 April 2019
1770:
1745:
1715:
1701:
1681:
1674:
1649:
1635:
1616:
1569:
1552:
1526:
1500:
1474:
1448:
1418:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1326:
1323:
1247:, making it a
1242:1,4-thiazepine
1212:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1170:
1147:
1144:
1116:
1113:
1101:left ventricle
1085:
1084:
1073:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1031:hypertension.
1006:atrial flutter
980:
979:
974:
956:
949:Variant angina
946:
938:and decreases
924:
921:
846:, and certain
823:
822:
811:
810:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
791:
790:
789:
786:
785:
783:
782:
779:
771:
770:
769:
766:
765:
763:
762:
754:
752:
744:
743:
737:
731:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
701:
695:
694:
690:
689:
679:
671:
670:
668:
667:
654:
652:
639:
638:
636:
635:
619:
617:
611:
610:
608:
607:
599:
597:
591:
590:
588:
587:
579:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
559:
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
539:
537:
531:
530:
528:
527:
519:
517:
511:
510:
508:
507:
499:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
479:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
459:
457:
446:
445:
443:
442:
434:
432:
426:
425:
423:
422:
416:
408:
407:
406:
403:
402:
398:
397:
388:
382:
381:
378:
369:
368:
363:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
339:
338:
336:
335:
332:
323:
311:
298:
284:
282:
276:
275:
271:
270:
268:
267:
244:
242:
236:
235:
230:
224:
223:
214:
212:administration
206:
205:
203:
202:
200:
190:
188:
180:
179:
177:
176:
158:
156:
150:
149:
142:
136:
135:
128:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6649:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:Phenol ethers
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6577:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6538:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6490:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:Niflumic acid
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6340:Glibenclamide
6338:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6326:
6321:
6315:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6286:Niflumic acid
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6271:Glibenclamide
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6153:
6147:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6089:
6083:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6067:Grayanotoxins
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6057:Batrachotoxin
6055:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6043:ω-Atracotoxin
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Buprenorphine
5992:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5727:Valproic acid
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5672:Oxitriptyline
5670:
5668:
5667:Oxcarbazepine
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:Licarbazepine
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Carbamazepine
5610:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5499:Antianginals:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5432:Norfluoxetine
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5366:Niflumic acid
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5296:
5287:
5277:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Levcromakalim
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Acetohexamide
5011:
5006:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:Roxithromycin
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Charybdotoxin
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Trimethadione
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:Diproteverine
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:Ruthenium red
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4107:Levetiracetam
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:ω-Agatoxin TK
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Niflumic acid
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:Levamlodipine
3646:
3644:
3643:Lercanidipine
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:Life Sciences
2604:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:(in French).
2390:
2383:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1562:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1489:. 2 June 2020
1488:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:anal fissures
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:glutamatergic
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1182:AV node block
1179:
1172:Beta-blockers
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1036:anal fissures
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
975:
972:
968:
964:
963:preinfarction
960:
957:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
933:
932:Stable angina
930:
929:
928:
920:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:smooth muscle
890:
888:
887:breastfeeding
884:
880:
879:heart failure
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
856:beta blockers
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
819:
812:
803:
798:
797:
794:
787:
778:
777:
774:
767:
760:
756:
755:
753:
750:
745:
738:
736:
732:
702:
700:
696:
691:
687:
683:
680:
678:
676:ECHA InfoCard
672:
664:
660:
659:DTXSID9022940
656:
655:
653:
644:
640:
632:
631:RCSB PDB
626:
621:
620:
618:
616:
612:
605:
601:
600:
598:
596:
592:
585:
581:
580:
578:
576:
572:
565:
561:
560:
558:
556:
552:
545:
541:
540:
538:
536:
532:
525:
521:
520:
518:
516:
512:
505:
501:
500:
498:
496:
492:
485:
481:
480:
478:
476:
472:
465:
461:
460:
458:
451:
447:
440:
436:
435:
433:
431:
427:
419:
415:
414:
411:
404:
399:
396:
392:
389:
387:
383:
379:
377:
370:
367:
364:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
333:
331: Rx-only
324:
322:
312:
309:
299:
296:
286:
285:
283:
281:
277:
272:
264:
259:
254:
249:
246:
245:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
213:
207:
201:
192:
191:
189:
187:
181:
174:
169:
160:
159:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
103:
65:
63:Pronunciation
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
6542:
6541:
6452:Talniflumate
5990:
5979:Tetrodotoxin
5969:Neosaxitoxin
5960:
5905:
5879:Propoxycaine
5814:Dimethocaine
5747:
5743:
5712:Valnoctamide
5642:Fosphenytoin
5603:
5577:Procainamide
5567:Pilsicainide
5522:Disopyramide
5508:
5498:
5346:
5314:
5264:
5178:
5146:Ethosuximide
5131:Cloperastine
5109:
5078:Metahexamide
5073:Glycyclamide
5033:Glibornuride
4998:
4947:
4909:
4888:Thioridazine
4843:Promethazine
4828:Orphenadrine
4818:Ketoconazole
4803:Erythromycin
4692:
4455:
4383:Phensuximide
4363:Ochratoxin A
4303:Ethosuximide
4229:
4151:-selective (
4143:
4053:
4010:
3997:
3979:
3928:ω-Conotoxins
3921:
3871:
3853:Norverapamil
3818:Dexverapamil
3796:
3777:
3770:derivatives:
3767:
3766:
3763:Vatanidipine
3758:Trombodipine
3723:Palonidipine
3708:Nitrendipine
3663:Mepirodipine
3568:Azelnidipine
3551:
3545:
3406:Na/ K-ATPase
3337:Disopyramide
3307:Barbiturates
3247:
3178:
2994:
2980:
2951:Procainamide
2931:Disopyramide
2809:
2805:
2799:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2658:(1): 85–92.
2655:
2651:
2645:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2584:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2355:
2349:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2279:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:the original
2247:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2102:
2096:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2028:
2024:
2018:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1815:(1): 34–57.
1812:
1808:
1787:. Retrieved
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1691:
1684:
1659:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1625:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1602:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1541:. 2 May 2019
1538:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1463:. 7 May 2019
1460:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1430:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1407:. 4 May 2020
1404:
1370:
1350:dopaminergic
1339:
1328:
1295:chronotropic
1288:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1222:
1206:
1191:
1175:
1149:
1141:
1118:
1115:Side effects
1086:
1033:
1025:hypertension
1021:vasodilatory
1018:
1000:
994:in treating
981:
926:
923:Medical uses
910:
891:
868:
831:
827:
826:
815:
584:CHEBI:101278
417:
373:Elimination
280:Legal status
274:Legal status
154:License data
29:
6118:Triamterene
6072:Poneratoxin
6062:Ciguatoxins
5949:Raxatrigine
5944:Ralfinamide
5939:PF-05089771
5934:PF-04531083
5906:Analgesics:
5864:Piperocaine
5849:Meprylcaine
5844:Mepivacaine
5799:Cinchocaine
5778:Ropivacaine
5770:Bupivacaine
5697:Sipatrigine
5682:Pheneturide
5677:Phenacemide
5662:Mephenytoin
5647:Lamotrigine
5627:Elpetrigine
5582:Propafenone
5527:Dronedarone
5103:Tolbutamide
5093:Repaglinide
5088:Nateglinide
5083:Mitiglinide
5063:Glisoxepide
5048:Glimepiride
5038:Glicaramide
5018:Carbutamide
4920:Linopirdine
4903:Vernakalant
4893:Tolterodine
4883:Terfenadine
4873:Tamulotoxin
4868:Solifenacin
4838:PNU-282,987
4813:Haloperidol
4808:Gigactonine
4788:Domperidone
4773:Darifenacin
4738:Bedaquiline
4723:Azaspiracid
4686:Vernakalant
4621:Linopirdine
4581:Dronedarone
4571:Dendrotoxin
4556:Clamikalant
4428:Tolperisone
4423:Tetrandrine
4413:Sipatrigine
4408:Silperisone
4393:Prenylamine
4333:Lidoflazine
4288:Elpetrigine
4198:Mirogabalin
4102:Lamotrigine
4097:Flunarizine
4092:Efonidipine
4082:Cinnarizine
4077:Cilnidipine
4032:NNC 55-0396
3958:Ralfinamide
3905:Fantofarone
3900:Dronedarone
3885:Budiodarone
3880:Brinazarone
3843:Levemopamil
3743:Sornidipine
3738:Sagandipine
3728:Pranidipine
3703:Nisoldipine
3693:Nilvadipine
3683:Niguldipine
3673:Nicardipine
3638:Lemildipine
3623:Iganidipine
3618:Furnidipine
3583:Cronidipine
3578:Clevidipine
3573:Barnidipine
3563:Aranidipine
3449:from market
3360:α receptors
3243:Propranolol
3206:antagonists
3151:Vernakalant
3121:Dronedarone
3064:Propafenone
3049:Indecainide
1708:28 December
1642:28 December
1609:28 December
1331:prophylaxis
1299:dromotropic
1284:sympathetic
1226:vasodilator
1178:dysrhythmia
1155:cytochromes
1129:bradycardia
1125:hypotension
1099:, impaired
1097:bradycardia
1079:because of
1014:intravenous
742: g·mol
682:100.050.707
401:Identifiers
380:3–4.5 hours
221:intravenous
140:MedlinePlus
112:Trade names
6586:Categories
6422:Bumetanide
6360:Activators
6350:Piretanide
6345:Lonidamine
6296:Activators
6281:Mibefradil
6276:Mefloquine
6266:Furosemide
6261:Fluoxetine
6241:Crofelemer
6128:Activators
6051:Versutoxin
6047:Robustoxin
6029:Activators
6014:Safinamide
5964:Conotoxins
5899:Trimecaine
5894:Tetracaine
5869:Prilocaine
5859:Orthocaine
5834:Iontocaine
5829:Hexylcaine
5824:Etidocaine
5765:Benzocaine
5755:Amylocaine
5737:Zonisamide
5732:Valpromide
5702:Topiramate
5692:Rufinamide
5652:Lacosamide
5617:Cenobamate
5572:Prajmaline
5562:Moricizine
5557:Mexiletine
5552:Lorcainide
5537:Flecainide
5502:Ranolazine
5442:Activators
5427:Fluoxetine
5371:Nimesulide
5353:-specific:
5339:Activators
5321:-specific:
5273:-specific:
5253:Rilmakalim
5243:Nicorandil
5203:Cromakalim
5190:-specific:
5171:Activators
5161:Tipepidine
5151:Ifenprodil
5126:Caramiphen
5118:-specific:
5098:Tolazamide
5058:Gliquidone
5043:Gliclazide
5010:-specific:
4963:Retigabine
4958:Flupirtine
4955:-specific:
4940:Activators
4917:-specific:
4898:Vanoxerine
4878:Terodiline
4863:Sertindole
4853:Ranolazine
4718:Astemizole
4708:Amiodarone
4676:Terikalant
4651:Pinokalant
4636:Nifekalant
4631:Maurotoxin
4626:Lolitrem B
4616:Kaliotoxin
4576:Dofetilide
4566:Dalazatide
4561:Conotoxins
4531:Amiodarone
4526:Almokalant
4448:Activators
4438:Valperinol
4418:Terodiline
4358:Naftopidil
4348:Mesuximide
4278:Enpiperate
4258:Cycleanine
4243:Bevantolol
4233:Bencyclane
4223:Pregabalin
4213:PD-299,685
4208:PD-217,014
4203:PD-200,347
4193:Imagabalin
4183:Gabapentin
4173:Atagabalin
4163:Arbaclofen
4122:Mibefradil
4117:Loperamide
4112:Lomerizine
4087:Dotarizine
4067:Benidipine
4047:Zonisamide
3963:Safinamide
3938:Caroverine
3890:Celivarone
3838:Gallopamil
3793:Siratiazem
3783:Iprotiazem
3773:Clentiazem
3753:Tiamdipine
3748:Teludipine
3713:Olradipine
3698:Nimodipine
3688:Niludipine
3678:Nifedipine
3668:Mesudipine
3658:Manidipine
3633:Lacidipine
3628:Isradipine
3613:Flordipine
3608:Felodipine
3603:Elnadipine
3598:Elgodipine
3588:Darodipine
3558:Amlodipine
3368:Amiodarone
3273:Metoprolol
3253:Acebutolol
3224:β blockers
3136:Nifekalant
3116:Dofetilide
3111:Celivarone
3096:Amiodarone
3059:Moracizine
3054:Lorcainide
3044:Flecainide
3039:Ethacizine
3023:class Ic (
3007:Mexiletine
2970:class Ib (
2946:Prajmaline
2911:class Ia (
2812:(1): 1–6.
2103:StatPearls
1763:14 January
1738:14 January
1545:23 October
1519:23 October
1493:23 October
1384:References
1360:effect of
1230:heart rate
1103:function,
996:re-entrant
940:myocardial
747:3D model (
735:Molar mass
615:PDB ligand
544:EE92BBP03H
515:ChemSpider
475:IUPHAR/BPS
439:42399-41-7
430:CAS Number
410:IUPAC name
361:Metabolism
228:Drug class
6543:See also:
6442:Mepacrine
6388:Ivacaftor
6304:Carbachol
6187:Ibuprofen
6177:Amiloride
6136:Solnatide
6108:Amiloride
6037:Aconitine
5999:Evenamide
5974:Saxitoxin
5889:Risocaine
5839:Lidocaine
5784:Butacaine
5760:Articaine
5687:Phenytoin
5597:Tocainide
5592:Sparteine
5587:Quinidine
5547:Lorajmine
5542:Lidocaine
5532:Encainide
5517:Aprindine
5258:Sarakalim
5248:Pinacidil
5238:Naminidil
5228:Minoxidil
5223:Mazokalim
5208:Diazoxide
5198:Bimakalim
5193:Aprikalim
5156:Tertiapin
5136:Clozapine
5053:Glipizide
4848:Quinidine
4798:Ergtoxins
4763:Cisapride
4753:BRL-32872
4733:Azimilide
4696:(KCNH2, K
4671:Tedisamil
4656:Quinidine
4646:Paxilline
4611:Inakalant
4606:Ibutilide
4591:Hanatoxin
4546:Bunaftine
4541:Bretylium
4536:Azimilide
4521:Adekalant
4480:Potassium
4462:Bay K8644
4403:Sesamodil
4353:Monatepil
4343:Manoalide
4338:Magnesium
4323:Imepitoin
4313:Fendiline
4293:Ethadione
4283:Eperisone
4263:Dauricine
4238:Berbamine
4149:δ subunit
3953:PD-173212
3868:Verapamil
3858:Ronipamil
3848:Nexopamil
3833:Falipamil
3828:Etripamil
3813:Devapamil
3808:Dagapamil
3788:Nictiazem
3778:Diltiazem
3768:Diltiazem
3718:Oxodipine
3459:Phase III
3447:Withdrawn
3414:Digitoxin
3383:Verapamil
3378:Quinidine
3373:Bretylium
3342:Quinidine
3297:Adenosine
3268:Landiolol
3184:Verapamil
3179:Diltiazem
3146:Tedisamil
3131:Ibutilide
3106:Bunaftine
3101:Bretylium
3078:class III
3034:Encainide
3012:Tocainide
3002:Aprindine
2988:Lidocaine
2961:Sparteine
2956:Quinidine
2941:Lorajmine
1603:Drugs.com
1405:Drugs.com
1358:analgesic
1291:inotropic
1286:changes.
1276:afterload
1238:verapamil
1193:Quinidine
1188:Quinidine
1133:dizziness
992:verapamil
971:vasospasm
967:crescendo
889:is safe.
883:pregnancy
828:Diltiazem
395:Bile duct
386:Excretion
375:half-life
210:Routes of
184:Pregnancy
173:Diltiazem
132:Monograph
126:Drugs.com
34:Diltiazem
6576:Medicine
6528:instead.
6503:instead.
6414:Blockers
6406:Unsorted
6332:Blockers
6233:Blockers
6210:Chloride
6172:A-317567
6164:Blockers
6113:Benzamil
6100:Blockers
5929:NKTR-171
5924:GDC-0276
5919:Funapide
5914:DSP-2230
5909:AZD-3161
5874:Procaine
5789:Butamben
5637:Ethotoin
5512:Ajmaline
5491:Blockers
5450:Riluzole
5409:Blockers
5307:Blockers
5213:Emakalim
4991:Blockers
4833:Pimozide
4703:Ajmaline
4503:Blockers
4318:Fostedil
4248:Canadine
4218:Phenibut
4178:Baclofen
4127:NP078585
4072:Bepridil
3910:SR-33805
3863:Tiapamil
3823:Emopamil
3803:Anipamil
3538:Blockers
3332:Atropine
3258:Atenolol
3238:Pindolol
3215:class II
3201:agonists
3198:Receptor
3161:class IV
2926:Ajmaline
2834:13015745
2826:17846781
2791:23510129
2783:16911570
2742:40406260
2734:11535842
2699:12019755
2672:10844102
2637:17689567
2576:40215836
2548:Headache
2471:13621196
2341:20440286
2333:10226758
2239:21986119
2195:10774785
2154:41343222
2146:17655375
2111:30422532
2053:32959944
2045:12790914
2010:23440538
2002:15538095
1951:11171729
1915:25104288
1907:11588443
1872:39272285
1864:15934903
1829:15517514
1789:13 April
1783:DailyMed
1758:ClinCalc
1732:Archived
1728:ClinCalc
1539:DailyMed
1513:DailyMed
1487:DailyMed
1467:13 April
1441:13 April
1362:morphine
1325:Research
1264:coronary
1254:It is a
1234:A-V node
1203:Fentanyl
1137:flushing
1066:systolic
898:arteries
860:by mouth
832:Cardizem
818:(verify)
604:ChEMBL23
495:DrugBank
240:ATC code
217:By mouth
186:category
168:DailyMed
6627:Lactams
6182:Aspirin
6004:Menthol
5991:Others:
5961:Toxins:
5804:Cocaine
5329:GAL-021
4949:KCNQ (K
4911:KCNQ (K
4728:AZD1305
4666:Sotalol
4661:ShK-186
4641:Notoxin
4328:JTV-519
4308:Fasudil
4037:ProTx I
4017:ABT-639
4004:SNX-482
3875:AH-1058
3872:Others:
3515:Calcium
3424:Ouabain
3419:Digoxin
3350:Digoxin
3289:agonist
3263:Esmolol
3233:Nadolol
3220:Phase 4
3166:Phase 4
3141:Sotalol
3083:Phase 3
3025:Phase 0
2996:enteral
2972:Phase 3
2917:Phase 3
2913:Phase 0
2897:class I
2628:2765982
2568:6358127
2533:6144044
2498:2147612
2463:1970289
2428:1990741
2401:1353873
2263:26 June
2231:1012337
2088:8427431
1993:8109670
1152:hepatic
699:Formula
504:DB00343
450:PubChem
260: (
258:C08DB01
256:)
250: (
248:C05AE03
199: C
170::
146:a684027
6562:Portal
6479:Others
5468:Sodium
5121:Barium
4925:XE-991
4793:E-4031
4743:BeKm-1
4713:AmmTX3
4596:HgeTx1
4586:E-4031
4368:Osthol
4137:TROX-1
4022:ML-218
3442:WHO-EM
3126:E-4031
2915:→ and
2832:
2824:
2789:
2781:
2740:
2732:
2697:
2670:
2635:
2625:
2574:
2566:
2531:
2496:
2469:
2461:
2426:
2399:
2370:
2339:
2331:
2294:
2237:
2229:
2193:
2152:
2144:
2109:
2086:
2051:
2043:
2008:
2000:
1990:
1949:
1913:
1905:
1870:
1862:
1827:
1699:
1672:
1633:
1605:. AHFS
1297:, and
1256:potent
1166:CYP2D6
1162:CYP2C9
1158:CYP3A4
1107:, and
1016:(IV).
917:
844:angina
773:SMILES
740:414.52
595:ChEMBL
564:D07845
391:Kidney
321:℞-only
319:
306:
293:
166:
106:
18:Tiazac
6513:LGICs
6220:CaCCs
6192:PcTX1
6151:ASICs
5478:VGSCs
4748:BmTx3
4601:HsTx1
4490:VGKCs
3525:VDCCs
2830:S2CID
2787:S2CID
2738:S2CID
2572:S2CID
2467:S2CID
2443:Drugs
2337:S2CID
2235:S2CID
2150:S2CID
2049:S2CID
2006:S2CID
1931:Chest
1911:S2CID
1868:S2CID
1564:(PDF)
1461:(emc)
1411:5 May
1054:With
1029:renin
1010:bolus
902:heart
793:InChI
749:JSmol
622:D6C (
575:ChEBI
524:35850
464:39186
366:Liver
6526:here
6524:See
6501:here
6499:See
6488:TRPs
6319:CFTR
6246:DIDS
6087:ENaC
6008:mint
5396:K2Ps
5267:GIRK
5112:GIRK
4978:IRKs
4694:hERG
4042:Z944
3968:Z160
3204:and
2879:C01B
2822:PMID
2779:PMID
2730:PMID
2695:PMID
2668:PMID
2633:PMID
2564:PMID
2529:PMID
2494:PMID
2459:PMID
2424:PMID
2397:PMID
2368:ISBN
2329:PMID
2292:ISBN
2265:2019
2227:PMID
2191:PMID
2142:PMID
2107:PMID
2084:PMID
2041:PMID
1998:PMID
1947:PMID
1903:PMID
1860:PMID
1825:PMID
1791:2020
1765:2024
1740:2024
1710:2018
1697:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1644:2018
1631:ISBN
1611:2018
1547:2022
1521:2022
1495:2022
1469:2020
1443:2020
1413:2020
1352:and
1346:rats
1274:and
1266:and
1260:mild
1258:and
1245:ring
1180:and
1164:and
988:PSVT
982:For
625:PDBe
555:KEGG
535:UNII
484:2298
345:data
122:AHFS
5750:FBT
5183:ATP
5003:ATP
3222:→,
3168:→,
3085:→,
2814:doi
2769:doi
2722:doi
2660:doi
2656:397
2623:PMC
2615:doi
2556:doi
2521:doi
2517:310
2490:134
2451:doi
2360:doi
2321:doi
2284:doi
2219:doi
2215:294
2181:doi
2134:doi
2076:doi
2033:doi
1988:PMC
1978:doi
1939:doi
1935:119
1895:doi
1852:doi
1817:doi
1666:320
1431:emc
1333:of
1047:In
1004:or
862:or
854:if
648:EPA
454:CID
418:cis
355:40%
308:POM
263:WHO
253:WHO
6588::
6548:•
6049:,
6045:,
5776:,
5350:Ca
5348:BK
5318:Ca
5316:BK
5293:Ca
4953:7)
4915:7)
4155:):
3870:;
3795:;
3765:;
3455::
3348::
3330::
3027:→)
2982:IV
2974:←)
2919:→)
2828:.
2820:.
2810:23
2808:.
2785:.
2777:.
2765:60
2763:.
2759:.
2736:.
2728:.
2718:44
2716:.
2691:39
2689:.
2666:.
2654:.
2631:.
2621:.
2611:81
2609:.
2605:.
2570:.
2562:.
2552:23
2550:.
2527:.
2515:.
2488:.
2465:.
2457:.
2447:39
2445:.
2420:43
2418:.
2393:40
2366:.
2335:.
2327:.
2317:13
2315:.
2290:.
2233:.
2225:.
2213:.
2189:.
2177:35
2175:.
2171:.
2148:.
2140:.
2130:46
2128:.
2082:.
2072:22
2070:.
2047:.
2039:.
2027:.
2004:.
1996:.
1986:.
1972:.
1968:.
1945:.
1933:.
1909:.
1901:.
1891:29
1889:.
1866:.
1858:.
1846:.
1823:.
1813:47
1811:.
1799:^
1781:.
1756:.
1730:.
1726:.
1668:.
1601:.
1572:^
1537:.
1511:.
1485:.
1459:.
1429:.
1403:.
1392:^
1293:,
1184:.
1160:,
1135:,
1131:,
1127:,
1111:.
1091:,
1070:Hg
965:,
908:.
877:,
842:,
713:26
707:22
628:,
327:EU
315:US
302:UK
295:S4
289:AU
219:,
195:AU
163:US
87:aɪ
6564::
6053:)
6010:)
6006:(
5780:)
5772:(
5748:p
5291:K
5181:K
5001:K
4951:v
4913:v
4698:v
4459::
4147:2
4145:α
4014::
4001::
3983::
3925::
3800::
3555::
3549::
3499:e
3492:t
3485:v
3319:2
3317:M
3287:1
3285:A
3226:)
3218:(
3172:)
3164:(
3089:)
3081:(
2904:)
2900:(
2881:)
2877:(
2867:e
2860:t
2853:v
2836:.
2816::
2793:.
2771::
2744:.
2724::
2701:.
2674:.
2662::
2639:.
2617::
2578:.
2558::
2535:.
2523::
2500:.
2473:.
2453::
2430:.
2403:.
2376:.
2362::
2343:.
2323::
2300:.
2286::
2267:.
2241:.
2221::
2197:.
2183::
2156:.
2136::
2113:.
2090:.
2078::
2055:.
2035::
2029:4
2012:.
1980::
1974:6
1953:.
1941::
1917:.
1897::
1874:.
1854::
1848:6
1831:.
1819::
1793:.
1767:.
1742:.
1712:.
1678:.
1646:.
1613:.
1549:.
1523:.
1497:.
1471:.
1445:.
1415:.
1083:.
986:(
973:.
961:(
955:.
751:)
728:S
725:4
722:O
719:2
716:N
710:H
704:C
650:)
646:(
634:)
329::
317::
304::
291::
266:)
197::
124:/
102:/
99:m
96:ɛ
93:z
90:ə
84:t
81:ˈ
78:l
75:ɪ
72:d
69:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
