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Types of throws include overhand throws, underhand throws and using both hands. Overhand throws are thrown predominantly above the shoulder, underhand throws below. Overhand throws are usually significantly faster, and ball speeds of 105 miles per hour (169 km/h) have been recorded in
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Human athletes can achieve throwing speeds close to 145 km/h (90 mph), far in excess of the maximal speed attainable by chimpanzees, at about 30 km/h (19 mph). This ability reflects the ability of the human
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Throwing mechanisms, along with projectiles themselves, rank amongst the oldest technological artefacts in the archaeological records. They vary greatly in size and complexity, from the hand-held and extremely simple
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motion in the arm that propels a projectile forward. It is used almost exclusively in athletic events. The throwing motion can be broken down into three basic steps: cocking, accelerating, and releasing.
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have been observed throwing rocks and logs, using their trunk to grab and flick items, although they lack the accuracy that primates can achieve, and it is more commonly used as a warning to aggressors.
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in 1964. "Accumulative throwing", that is, the targeted throwing of rocks at a specific target, leading to the gradual accumulation of a stone pile, has also been described for chimpanzees. Wooden
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energy, does not fundamentally change the nature of the action, and can thus be considered as throwing too. As such, throwing mechanisms will be discussed in this section.
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The notion of throwing typically refers to an action performed without mechanical assistance, but mechanical assistance, as long as it does not involve the release of
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found that men and women throw almost equally well with their non-dominant hand, suggesting that the sexual differences were probably due to differences in training.
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Desired qualities in the action produce a fast, accurate throw. These qualities are affected by the physical attributes of the thrower like height, strength, and
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that involves the entire body in a series of linked movements starting from the legs, progressing up through the pelvis and trunk, and culminating in a
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To overcome the biophysical limitations of throwing by hand, humans also designed tools to improve the efficiency of their throwing techniques. The
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are by far the most capable throwers, and throw a large variety of projectiles with a much greater complexity, efficacy and accuracy. Throughout
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Throwing can be performed in a non-agonistic way, when the target is a cooperating agent who will perform a somewhat opposite action called
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This article is about the process of launching a ballistic projectile with a throw. For other uses of "throwing" and "throw", see
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in the air, usually by hitting them with their caudal fin. This behavior is speculated to be purely recreational.
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Goodall, J. Tool-using and aimed throwing in a community of free-living chimpanzees. Nature 201, 1264–1266 (1964).
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swinging motion. For other animals, the definition of throwing is somewhat unclear, as other actions such as
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throwing was used and until relatively recent times was the predominant mode of weaponry used in warfare
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Such use is so common that it is a common metaphor for figuratively sending something to someone (e.g.
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Throwing is rare among non-primates but, provided the definition is relaxed to entail for instance
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H. S. Kühl et al., "Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing", Scientific
Reports 6, 22219 (2016),
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Throwing is used for propelling weapons such as stones or spears at enemies, predators, or prey.
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An other very common use of the behavior is for disposal. The employed term is then typically
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while the proximal limb segments move through compounded
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380:motor skill
277:projectiles
183:canisters.
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856:Categories
824:2016-10-27
803:2010-08-30
793:Boston.com
724:References
678:archerfish
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414:See also:
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338:elasticity
251:ball games
204:mechanisms
177:flashbangs
90:prehensile
70:projectile
684:Elephants
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384:ballistic
336:to store
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748:BBC News
712:See also
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692:dropping
670:camelids
666:spitting
588:shot put
546:juggling
540:softball
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410:catapult
362:electric
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327:shoulder
239:exercise
219:firearms
181:tear gas
123:Primates
117:spraying
113:spitting
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551:Bowling
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530:, e.g.
450:frisbee
431:archery
416:archery
334:tendons
330:muscles
297:hunting
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