182:
participants are told to forget everything that they have just learned, while others are not given this instruction. After studying both lists, participants are asked to recall the words on both lists. These experiments typically find that participants who were told to forget the first list do not remember as many words from that list, suggesting that they have been suppressed due to the instruction to forget. In the item method, participants study individual words rather than lists. After each word is shown, participants are told to either remember or forget the word. As in experiments using the list method, the words followed by the instruction to forget are more poorly remembered. Some researchers believe that these two methods result in different types of forgetting. According to these researchers, the list method results in inhibition of the forgotten words, but the item method results in some words being remembered better than the others, without a specific relation to forgetting.
159:
also referred to as "free distraction"). Some studies, however, are unable to find this effect for emotional thoughts in hypnotized individuals when one focused distraction is provided. In an attempt to account for these findings, a number of theorists have produced cognitive models of thought suppression. Wegner suggested in 1989 that individuals distract themselves using environmental items. Later, these items become retrieval cues for the thought attempting to be suppressed (i.e. "environmental cueing theory"). This iterative process leaves the individual surrounded by retrieval cues, ultimately causing the rebound effect. Wegner hypothesized that multiple retrieval cues not being forged explains, in part, the effectiveness of focused distraction (i.e., a reduction of mental load). This is because there may be an ideal balance between the two processes; if the cognitive demand that isn't too heavy, then the monitoring processes won't supersede it.
191:
are either told to think about the second word (think phase) or not to think about the second word (no think phase). The no think phase is when suppression occurs. Some pairs were never presented after the initial study portion of the study, and these trials serve as the control group. At the end of the experiment, the participants try to remember all of the word pairs based on the first word. Studies could also use the "independent probe" method, which gives the category and first letter of the second word of the pair. Typically, regardless of the method used, results show that the no-think trials result in worse memory than the think trials, which supports the idea that suppression leads to inhibition in memory. Although this methodology was first done using word pairs, experiments have been conducted using pictures and autobiographical memories as stimuli, with the same results.
292:
rebound. Recurrence of emotional experiences act as presleep suggestions, ultimately leading to the suppressed thoughts presenting themselves within the dream. One effecting factor of dream rebound is the changes in the prefrontal lobes during rapid-eye movement sleep. Suppressed thoughts are more accessible during REM sleep, as a result of operating processes having a diminished effectiveness. This leads to presleep thoughts becoming more available "with an increased activity of searching for these suppressed thought". There are other hypotheses regarding REM sleep and dream rebound. For instance, weak semantic associations, post REM sleep, are more accessible than any other time due to weak ironic monitoring processes becoming stronger. More research is needed to further understand what exactly causes dream rebound.
90:, Carter & White. They asked participants to avoid thinking of a specific target (e.g. a white bear) for five minutes, but if they did, they were told then to ring a bell. After this, participants were told that for the next five minutes they were to think about the target. There was evidence that unwanted thoughts occurred more frequently in those who used thought suppression compared to those who were not. Furthermore, there was also evidence that during the second stage, those who had used thought suppression had a higher frequency of target thoughts than did those who hadn't used thought suppression; later coined the rebound effect. This effect has been replicated and can even be done with implausible targets, such as the thought of a "green rabbit". From these implications, Wegner eventually developed the "
213:
suppression without a thought substitution instruction. This research also suggests that thought substitution, while used as a suppression strategy during the no think phase, may work differently than suppression. Some researchers argue that thinking of something different during the no think phase forms a new association with the first word than the original word pair, which results in interference when using this strategy, which is different than the inhibition that results from simply not thinking about something.
134:
stereotypical thoughts. However, when they were told they were going to meet an individual they had just written about, those in the suppression group sat significantly farther away from the "skinhead" (just by virtue of his clothes being present). These results show that even though there may have been an initial enhancement of the stereotype, participants were able to prevent this from being communicated in their writing; this was not true for their behavior though.
1582:
260:", states that thought suppression "leads to an increased occurrence of the suppressed content in waking states". The irony lies in the fact that although people try not to think about a particular subject, there is a high probability that it will appear in one's dreams regardless. There is a difference for individuals who have a higher tendency of suppression; they are more prone to psychopathological responses such as "
1331:
195:
there is a medium amount of brain activation while learning the words. The words are never learned if there is too little activation, and the association between the two words is too strong to be suppressed during the no think phase if there is too much activation. However, with medium activation, the word pairs are learned but able to be suppressed during the no think phase.
120:
experienced more intrusive thoughts regarding those anxious autobiographical events than the other groups, thus demonstrating that repression works for the short run, but is not sustainable. This difference in coping style may account for the disparities within the literature. That said, the problem remains that the cause of the
279:
manifesting itself within the dream. There is a greater degree of dream rebound in those with a higher cognitive load opposed to those whose load was absent. With the enhancement of a high cognitive load, ironic control theory states thought suppression is more likely to occur and lead to dream rebound.
194:
Research has also shown that doing difficult counting tasks at the same time as a think/no think task leads to less forgetting in the no think condition, which suggests that suppression takes active mental energy to be successful. Furthermore, the most forgetting during the no think phase occurs when
158:
When the cognitive load is increased, thought suppression typically becomes less effective. For example, in the white bear experiment, many general distractions in the environment (for instance a lamp, a light bulb, a desk etc.) might later serve as reminders of the object being suppressed (these are
146:
distraction is used, long term effectiveness may improve. That is, successful suppression may involve less distractors. For example, in 1987 Wegner, Schneider, Carter & White found that a single, pre-determined distracter (e.g., a red
Volkswagen) was sufficient to eliminate the paradoxical effect
212:
This methodology can also be used to study thought substitution by adding an instruction during the no think phase for participants to think of a different word rather than the word being suppressed. This research shows that thought substitution can lead to increased levels of forgetting compared to
124:
effect may be in the thought tapping measures used (e.g. bell ringing). Evidence from Brown (1990) that showed participants were very sensitive to frequency information prompted Clarke, Ball and Pape to obtain participants' aposterio estimates of the number of intrusive target thoughts and found the
119:
Recent research found that for individuals with low anxiety and high desirability traits (repressors), suppressed anxious autobiographical events initially intruded fewer times than in other groups (low, high, and high defensive anxious groups). However, after seven days it was found that repressors
68:
is high; this does not apply to automatic behaviors though, and may result in latent, unconscious actions. This phenomenon is made paradoxically worse by increasing the amount of distractions a person has, although the experiments in this area can be criticized for using impersonal concurrent tasks,
190:
A paradigm from 2009 to study how suppression relates to inhibition is the think/no think paradigm. In these experiments, participants study pairs of words. An example of a possible word pair is roach-ordeal. After all the word pairs are learned, the participants see the first word of the pair and
145:
Some studies have shown that when test subjects are under what Wegner refers to as a "cognitive load" (for instance, using multiple external distractions to try to suppress a target thought), the effectiveness of thought suppression appears to be reduced. However, in other studies in which focused
137:
Further experiments have documented similar findings. In one study from 1993, when participants were given cognitively demanding concurrent tasks, the results showed a paradoxical higher frequency of target thoughts than controls. However other controlled studies have not shown such effects. For
291:
is a form of thought suppression and when one dreams, that suppressed item has a higher chance of appearing in the dream. For example, when an individual is attempting to quit smoking, they may dream about themselves smoking a cigarette. Emotion suppression has also been found to trigger dream
133:
Thought suppression also has the capability to change human behavior. Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, and Jetten found that when people were asked not to think about the stereotypes of a certain group (e.g. a "skinhead"), their written descriptions about a group member's typical day contained less
102:
To better elucidate the findings of thought suppression, several studies have changed the target thought. Roemer and
Borkovec found that participants who suppressed anxious or depressing thoughts showed a significant rebound effect. Furthermore, Wenzlaff, Wegner, & Roper demonstrated that
278:
also plays a role in ironic control theory. Studies have shown that a greater cognitive load results in an increased possibility of dream rebound occurring. In other words, when one tries to retain a heavy load of information before going to sleep, there is a high chance of that information
181:
Thought suppression has been shown to be a cause of inhibition in several ways. Two commonly-used methods to study this relationship are the list method and the item method. In this list method, participants study two lists of words, one after the other. After studying the first list, some
1278:
Kroner-Borowik, T., Gosch, S., Hansen, K., Borowik, B., Schredl, M., & Steil, R. (2013). The effects of suppressing intrusive thoughts on dream content, dream distress and psychological parameters . Journal of Sleep
Research, 22(5), 600–604. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from the PsycINFO
125:
same pattern of paradoxical results. However, even though such a method appears to overcome the problem, it and all the other methodologies use self-report as the primary form of data-collection. This may be problematic because of response distortion or inaccuracy in self-reporting.
111:
subjects were less likely to suppress negative, unwanted thoughts. Despite Rassin, Merkelbach and Muris reporting that this finding is moderately robust in the literature, some studies were unable to replicate results. However, this may be explained by a consideration of
699:
Kashdan, T.B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J.P., & Steger, M.F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 44,
150:. Evidence from Bowers and Woody in 1996 is supportive of the finding that hypnotized individuals produce no paradoxical effects. This rests on the assumption that deliberate "distracter activity" is bypassed in such an activity.
1300:
Bryant, R., Wyzenbeek, M., & Weinstein, J. (2009). Dream rebound of suppressed emotional thoughts; The influence of cognitive load. Consciousness and
Cognition, 20, 515–522. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from the PsycINFO
81:
In order for thought suppression and its effectiveness to be studied, researchers have had to find methods of recording the processes going on in the mind. One experiment designed with this purpose was performed by
169:". Experiential avoidance is when an individual attempts to suppress, change, or control unwanted internal experiences (thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, memories, etc.). This line of thinking supports
1291:
Taylor, F., & Bryant, R. A. (2007). The tendency to suppress, inhibiting thoughts, and dream rebound. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 45(1), 163–168. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from the PsycINFO database.
2931:
610:
Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., & Smeets, E. (2006). Long term consequences of suppression of intrusive anxious thoughts and repressive coping. Behaviour
Research and Therapy 44, 1451–1460.
689:
Hayes, S.C., Wilson, K.G., e.a. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical psychology, 64,
598:
Wegner, D.M., Quillian, F., & Houston, C. (1996). Memories out of order: Thought suppression and the disassembly of remembered experience. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 680–691.
1317:
Wegner, D., Wenzlaff, R., & Kozak, M. (2004). Dream rebound: The return of suppressed thought and dream. Psychological
Science, 15(4), 232–236. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from the PsycINFO database.
421:
Purdon, C. (2004). Empirical investigations of thought suppression in OCD. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(2), 121–136. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from the PsycINFO database.
53:, as shown by research using the think/no think paradigm. Thought suppression is relevant to both mental and behavioral levels, possibly leading to ironic effects that are contrary to intention.
248:. Thought suppression has an influence on the subject matter of the unconscious mind and by trying to restrain particular thoughts, there is a high chance of them showing up in one's dreams.
562:
Wenzlaff, R.M., Wegner, D.M., & Roper, D. (1988). Depression and mental control: The resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 882–892.
513:
Macrae, C.N., Bodenhausen, G.V., Milne, A.B., & Jetten, J. (1994). Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 808–817.
501:
Wenzlaff, R.M., Bates, D.E. (October 2000). The Relative Efficacy of Concentration and Suppression Strategies of Mental Control. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26;1200–1212.
487:
Wegner, D.M., Erber, R. & Zanakos, S. (1993) Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093–1104.
64:, the frequency of those thoughts increases and becomes more accessible than before. Evidence shows that people can prevent their thoughts from being translated into behavior when
571:
Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2000). Paradoxical and less paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(8), 973–995
3016:
2876:
525:
Wegner, D.M., Schneider, D.J., Carter, S.R., & White, T.L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thoughts suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5–13.
2370:
971:
Noreen, Saima; MacLeod, Malcolm D. (2013). "It's all in the detail: Intentional forgetting of autobiographical memories using the autobiographical think/no-think task".
138:
example, Wenzlaff and Bates found that subjects concentrating on a positive task experienced neither paradoxical effects nor rebound effects—even when challenged with
209:, especially in cases where suppression is harder. Researchers think that this region works to prevent memory formation by preventing the hippocampus from working.
142:. Wenzlaff and Bates also note that the beneficiality of concentration in their study participants was optimized when the subjects employed positive thoughts.
589:
Kelly, A.E., & Kahn, J.H. (1994). Effects of suppression of personal intrusive thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 998–1006.
713:
Basden, Barbara H.; Basden, David R.; Gargano, Gary J. (1993). "Directed forgetting in implicit and explicit memory tests: A comparison of methods".
908:
740:
Geiselman, Ralph E.; Bjork, Robert A.; Fishman, Deborah L. (1983). "Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia".
2363:
680:
Bowers, K.S., & Woody, E.Z. (1996). Hypnotic amnesia and the paradox of intentional forgetting. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 381–390.
580:
Smári, J., Sigurjónsdóttir, H., & Sæmundsdóttir, I. (1994). Thought suppression and obsession-compulsion. Psychological Reports, 75, 227–235.
1228:
Racsmány, Mihály; Conway, Martin A.; Keresztes, Attila; Krajcsi, Attila (2012-02-01). "Inhibition and interference in the think/no-think task".
553:
Clark, D. M., Ball, S., & Pape, D. (1991). An experimental investigation of thought suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 253–257
539:
Roemer, E., & Borkovec, T.D. (1994). Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 467–474.
2996:
671:
Wegner, D.M., & Erber, R. (1992). The hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 903–912.
272:
and obsessional thinking". Due to these individuals having higher instances of thought suppression, they experience dream rebound more often.
2971:
2408:
3037:
2953:
2356:
1006:
Noreen, Saima; Fockert, Jan W. de (2017-02-20). "The Role of Cognitive Load in Intentional Forgetting Using the Think/No-Think Task".
2398:
201:
studies have shown two distinct patterns of brain activity during suppression tasks. The first is that there is less activity in the
1675:
662:
Cioffi, D., & Holloway, J. (1993). Delayed costs of suppressed pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 274–282.
2649:
2393:
2279:
1770:
2505:
1370:
1335:
2207:
1838:
1833:
353:
Anderson, Michael C.; Huddleston, Ean (2012). "Towards a Cognitive and Neurobiological Model of Motivated Forgetting".
2782:
2443:
2379:
884:
802:
457:
380:
113:
70:
38:
37:
in which an individual consciously attempts to stop thinking about a particular thought. It is often associated with
2791:
2259:
1342:
2332:
2254:
1705:
225:
206:
2312:
2284:
2167:
1469:
2787:
2294:
1916:
2697:
2322:
2317:
41:(OCD). OCD is when a person will repeatedly (usually unsuccessfully) attempt to prevent or "neutralize"
2117:
1415:
205:, the brain area responsible for forming memories. The second is an increase of brain activity in the
3052:
2986:
2249:
2241:
1871:
1605:
1481:
409:
White bears and other unwanted thoughts: Suppression, obsession, and the psychology of mental control
754:
649:
363:
2924:
2715:
1491:
1459:
1395:
1363:
1109:
821:
Anderson, Michael C.; Green, Collin (2001). "Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control".
3001:
2938:
2905:
2869:
2797:
2274:
1881:
1803:
1561:
1526:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1445:
170:
2766:
2733:
2597:
2289:
2092:
1931:
1808:
1788:
1735:
1645:
1600:
1571:
1546:
1476:
1464:
1430:
749:
358:
312:
307:
244:. Although more research needs to be done on this subject, dreams are said to be linked to the
241:
166:
2802:
2497:
2489:
2269:
2264:
1949:
1891:
1843:
1670:
1635:
1610:
1501:
1390:
636:
257:
91:
54:
46:
2976:
2577:
2433:
1876:
1813:
1715:
1625:
1455:
1440:
1129:
1076:
357:. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Vol. 58. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 53–120.
327:
317:
34:
2484:
1108:
Anderson, Michael C.; Ochsner, Kevin N.; Kuhl, Brice; Cooper, Jeffrey; Robertson, Elaine;
475:
Wegner, D.M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101, 34–52.
8:
2966:
2573:
1720:
1710:
1695:
1660:
1655:
1640:
1620:
1615:
1486:
1425:
1356:
1133:
3042:
2991:
2898:
2533:
2187:
2067:
1901:
1848:
1760:
1755:
1690:
1630:
1590:
1516:
1261:
1161:
1085:
1060:
1041:
948:
923:
902:
854:
261:
87:
42:
2307:
1059:
Detre, Greg J.; Natarajan, Annamalai; Gershman, Samuel J.; Norman, Kenneth A. (2013).
922:
KĂĽpper, Charlotte S.; Benoit, Roland G.; Dalgleish, Tim; Anderson, Michael C. (2014).
794:
449:
162:
Individual differences may also play a role in regards to the ironic thought process.
3011:
2622:
2557:
2212:
2202:
2127:
2102:
1783:
1740:
1665:
1566:
1551:
1435:
1400:
1253:
1245:
1210:
1202:
1153:
1145:
1090:
1033:
988:
953:
924:"Direct suppression as a mechanism for controlling unpleasant memories in daily life"
890:
880:
846:
838:
798:
767:
453:
386:
376:
265:
50:
30:
2337:
2327:
1165:
1045:
2617:
2537:
2438:
2222:
2217:
2082:
2077:
1977:
1798:
1745:
1700:
1685:
1680:
1556:
1531:
1265:
1237:
1192:
1137:
1080:
1072:
1023:
1015:
980:
943:
935:
858:
830:
790:
759:
722:
624:
445:
368:
245:
20:
3047:
2961:
2607:
2542:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2192:
2157:
2097:
2047:
1536:
1061:"Moderate levels of activation lead to forgetting in the think/no-think paradigm"
322:
65:
2348:
1120:(2004-01-09). "Neural Systems Underlying the Suppression of Unwanted Memories".
1019:
372:
2912:
2837:
2232:
2152:
2147:
2112:
2087:
2057:
2052:
2037:
2032:
2012:
2007:
1987:
1778:
1113:
763:
726:
332:
287:
Dream rebound is when suppressed thoughts manifest themselves in one's dreams.
275:
139:
108:
61:
1241:
3031:
2513:
2423:
2137:
2122:
2107:
2062:
2027:
1992:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1936:
1896:
1828:
1730:
1725:
1249:
1206:
1149:
1117:
894:
842:
404:
83:
1141:
3006:
2741:
2723:
2657:
2562:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2142:
2132:
2072:
2042:
2022:
1921:
1818:
1521:
1405:
1257:
1214:
1157:
1094:
1037:
992:
957:
850:
620:
390:
288:
771:
628:
2918:
2667:
2612:
2227:
2017:
2002:
1967:
1823:
1750:
1450:
202:
2705:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2662:
2552:
2162:
1997:
1793:
1650:
1541:
1379:
1197:
1180:
302:
2648:
1028:
2844:
2640:
2547:
2197:
1982:
1886:
984:
939:
834:
2851:
2761:
2603:
2567:
2427:
1911:
1906:
1866:
973:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
715:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
237:
269:
121:
104:
1345:
This site links to many of Wegner's thought suppression studies.
57:
is one cognitive model that can explain the paradoxical effect.
2981:
2582:
1581:
1330:
1227:
1348:
921:
229:
221:
1058:
3017:
University of Florida Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Program
1926:
1181:"Intentional forgetting benefits from thought substitution"
233:
198:
69:
which may or may not properly reflect natural processes or
60:
When an individual tries to suppress thoughts under a high
2587:
1107:
739:
787:
Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences
497:
495:
493:
442:
Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences
712:
352:
2378:
1179:Hertel, Paula T.; Calcaterra, Gina (2005-06-01).
490:
3029:
1178:
165:Thought suppression has been seen as a form of "
509:
507:
535:
533:
531:
97:
2364:
1364:
1005:
970:
820:
521:
519:
2639:
907:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
504:
2416:
928:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
816:
814:
785:Kuhl, Brice A.; Wagner, Anthony D. (2009).
742:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
528:
440:Kuhl, Brice A.; Wagner, Anthony D. (2009).
2997:Relationship obsessive–compulsive disorder
2371:
2357:
1371:
1357:
877:Memory : foundations and applications
784:
516:
483:
481:
471:
469:
439:
185:
2972:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1287:
1285:
1196:
1084:
1027:
947:
753:
362:
16:Conscious effort to discontinue a thought
811:
251:
76:
2650:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
478:
466:
3030:
2394:Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
1304:
1282:
1272:
1077:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.02.017
674:
403:
256:Ironic control theory, also known as "
176:
49:. It is also thought to be a cause of
2399:Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
2352:
1352:
879:(Third ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
870:
868:
708:
706:
606:
604:
549:
547:
545:
153:
778:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
128:
621:"Simine Vazire Defines Self-Report"
13:
1343:Wegner's Mental Control Laboratory
874:
865:
703:
601:
542:
216:
31:psychoanalytical defense mechanism
14:
3064:
2783:Acceptance and commitment therapy
2444:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
1324:
1185:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
795:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb001031
450:10.1002/9780470478509.neubb001031
424:
355:True and False Recovered Memories
2792:Exposure and response prevention
1580:
1329:
282:
1294:
1221:
1172:
1101:
1052:
999:
964:
915:
733:
693:
683:
665:
656:
613:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
1378:
875:L., Schwartz, Bennett (2018).
789:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
444:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
415:
397:
346:
226:rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
207:dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
43:intrusive distressing thoughts
1:
3038:Obsessive–compulsive disorder
2380:Obsessive–compulsive disorder
1676:Industrial and organizational
411:. London: The Guilford Press.
339:
39:obsessive–compulsive disorder
2788:Cognitive behavioral therapy
2698:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
1917:Human factors and ergonomics
7:
373:10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_3
295:
98:Improved methodology, 1990s
10:
3069:
764:10.1037/0096-3445.112.1.58
727:10.1037/0278-7393.19.3.603
18:
2987:Primarily Obsessional OCD
2952:
2890:
2861:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2775:
2754:
2732:
2716:Tricyclic antidepressants
2714:
2696:
2632:
2526:
2452:
2407:
2386:
2303:
2240:
1947:
1857:
1769:
1606:Applied behavior analysis
1589:
1578:
1414:
1386:
1242:10.3758/s13421-011-0144-6
1020:10.1027/1618-3169/a000347
224:occur mainly during the
45:centered on one or more
19:Not to be confused with
3002:Social anxiety disorder
2870:Everything in Its Place
2798:Inference-based therapy
2734:Atypical antipsychotics
1882:Behavioral neuroscience
1446:Behavioral neuroscience
1142:10.1126/science.1089504
1008:Experimental Psychology
186:Think/no think paradigm
171:relational frame theory
2767:Deep brain stimulation
2598:Experiential avoidance
1932:Psychology of religion
1872:Behavioral engineering
1809:Human subject research
1465:Cognitive neuroscience
1431:Affective neuroscience
1230:Memory & Cognition
644:Cite journal requires
313:Expressive suppression
308:Experiential avoidance
167:experiential avoidance
114:individual differences
71:individual differences
2803:Metacognitive therapy
2308:Wiktionary definition
1844:Self-report inventory
1839:Quantitative research
1338:at Wikimedia Commons
629:10.4135/9781473960244
258:ironic process theory
252:Ironic control theory
92:ironic process theory
77:Empirical work, 1980s
55:Ironic process theory
2977:Obsessional jealousy
2434:Orbitofrontal cortex
1834:Qualitative research
1789:Behavior epigenetics
1118:Gabrieli, John D. E.
318:Psychological trauma
228:and are composed of
35:motivated forgetting
2967:Illusion of control
2594:Thought suppression
2313:Wiktionary category
1877:Behavioral genetics
1849:Statistical surveys
1706:Occupational health
1441:Behavioral genetics
1336:Thought suppression
1134:2004Sci...303..232A
177:Other methodologies
27:Thought suppression
2992:Questionable cause
2899:As Good as It Gets
2285:Schools of thought
2188:Richard E. Nisbett
2068:Donald T. Campbell
1746:Sport and exercise
1198:10.3758/bf03193792
1110:Gabrieli, Susan W.
262:intrusive thoughts
154:Cognitive dynamics
33:. It is a type of
3025:
3024:
3012:Tourette syndrome
2948:
2947:
2886:
2885:
2811:
2810:
2750:
2749:
2522:
2521:
2346:
2345:
2323:Wikimedia Commons
2250:Counseling topics
2213:Ronald C. Kessler
2203:Shelley E. Taylor
2128:Lawrence Kohlberg
2103:Stanley Schachter
1902:Consumer behavior
1784:Archival research
1552:Psycholinguistics
1436:Affective science
1334:Media related to
1128:(5655): 232–235.
1071:(12): 2371–2388.
829:(6826): 366–369.
405:Wegner, Daniel M.
129:Behavioral domain
51:memory inhibition
3060:
3053:Memory disorders
2827:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2439:Cingulate cortex
2414:
2413:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2280:Research methods
2223:Richard Davidson
2218:Joseph E. LeDoux
2093:George A. Miller
2083:David McClelland
2078:Herbert A. Simon
1978:Edward Thorndike
1799:Content analysis
1584:
1557:Psychophysiology
1373:
1366:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1333:
1318:
1315:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1200:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1065:Neuropsychologia
1056:
1050:
1049:
1031:
1003:
997:
996:
985:10.1037/a0028888
968:
962:
961:
951:
940:10.1037/a0036518
934:(4): 1443–1449.
919:
913:
912:
906:
898:
872:
863:
862:
835:10.1038/35066572
818:
809:
808:
782:
776:
775:
757:
737:
731:
730:
710:
701:
697:
691:
687:
681:
678:
672:
669:
663:
660:
654:
653:
647:
642:
640:
632:
617:
611:
608:
599:
596:
590:
587:
581:
578:
572:
569:
563:
560:
554:
551:
540:
537:
526:
523:
514:
511:
502:
499:
488:
485:
476:
473:
464:
463:
437:
422:
419:
413:
412:
401:
395:
394:
366:
350:
246:unconscious mind
21:Thought blocking
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
2962:Guilt (emotion)
2944:
2882:
2857:
2816:Popular culture
2807:
2771:
2746:
2728:
2710:
2692:
2628:
2518:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2480:
2472:
2463:
2448:
2403:
2382:
2377:
2347:
2342:
2299:
2275:Psychotherapies
2236:
2193:Martin Seligman
2158:Daniel Kahneman
2098:Richard Lazarus
2048:Raymond Cattell
1952:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1853:
1765:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1537:Neuropsychology
1417:
1410:
1382:
1377:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1226:
1222:
1177:
1173:
1114:Glover, Gary H.
1106:
1102:
1057:
1053:
1004:
1000:
969:
965:
920:
916:
900:
899:
887:
873:
866:
819:
812:
805:
783:
779:
755:10.1.1.694.6685
738:
734:
711:
704:
698:
694:
688:
684:
679:
675:
670:
666:
661:
657:
645:
643:
634:
633:
619:
618:
614:
609:
602:
597:
593:
588:
584:
579:
575:
570:
566:
561:
557:
552:
543:
538:
529:
524:
517:
512:
505:
500:
491:
486:
479:
474:
467:
460:
438:
425:
420:
416:
402:
398:
383:
364:10.1.1.467.2903
351:
347:
342:
337:
323:Self-censorship
298:
285:
254:
219:
217:Dream influence
188:
179:
156:
131:
100:
79:
66:self-monitoring
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2913:Matchstick Men
2909:
2902:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2838:Matchstick Men
2833:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:Roy Baumeister
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Michael Posner
2165:
2160:
2155:
2153:Elliot Aronson
2150:
2148:Walter Mischel
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Albert Bandura
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Leon Festinger
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Neal E. Miller
2055:
2053:Abraham Maslow
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Ernest Hilgard
2035:
2033:Donald O. Hebb
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2013:J. P. Guilford
2010:
2008:Gordon Allport
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:John B. Watson
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Animal testing
1775:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Cross-cultural
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1326:
1325:External links
1323:
1320:
1319:
1303:
1293:
1281:
1271:
1236:(2): 168–176.
1220:
1191:(3): 484–489.
1171:
1100:
1051:
998:
979:(2): 375–393.
963:
914:
885:
864:
810:
803:
777:
732:
721:(3): 603–616.
702:
692:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:|journal=
612:
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
541:
527:
515:
503:
489:
477:
465:
458:
423:
414:
396:
381:
344:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:
333:Trauma trigger
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
297:
294:
284:
281:
276:Cognitive load
253:
250:
218:
215:
187:
184:
178:
175:
155:
152:
140:cognitive load
130:
127:
99:
96:
78:
75:
62:cognitive load
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3065:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2877:Just Checking
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Serotonergics
2638:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:Basal ganglia
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Psychologists
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Organizations
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:John Anderson
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Ulric Neisser
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Endel Tulving
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Robert Zajonc
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Jerome Bruner
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:B. F. Skinner
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Clark L. Hull
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Sigmund Freud
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:William James
1961:
1959:
1958:Wilhelm Wundt
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:Psychologists
1946:
1938:
1937:Psychometrics
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Consciousness
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Psychophysics
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1771:Methodologies
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:Psychotherapy
1729:
1727:
1726:Psychometrics
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Developmental
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
959:
955:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
918:
910:
904:
896:
892:
888:
886:9781506326535
882:
878:
871:
869:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
815:
806:
804:9780470478509
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
751:
747:
743:
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
707:
696:
686:
677:
668:
659:
651:
638:
630:
626:
622:
616:
607:
605:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
548:
546:
536:
534:
532:
522:
520:
510:
508:
498:
496:
494:
484:
482:
472:
470:
461:
459:9780470478509
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
418:
410:
406:
400:
392:
388:
384:
382:9781461411949
378:
374:
370:
365:
360:
356:
349:
345:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
293:
290:
283:Dream rebound
280:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
214:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
183:
174:
172:
168:
163:
160:
151:
149:
143:
141:
135:
126:
123:
117:
115:
110:
106:
95:
93:
89:
85:
74:
72:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
3007:Superstition
2937:
2932:$ pringfield
2923:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2875:
2868:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2742:Aripiprazole
2724:Clomipramine
2658:Escitalopram
2593:
2417:Neuroanatomy
2183:Larry Squire
2178:Bruce McEwen
2173:Amos Tversky
2143:Jerome Kagan
2133:Noam Chomsky
2073:Hans Eysenck
2043:Harry Harlow
2023:Erik Erikson
1922:Intelligence
1819:Neuroimaging
1562:Quantitative
1527:Mathematical
1522:Intelligence
1512:Experimental
1507:Evolutionary
1497:Differential
1406:Psychologist
1328:
1296:
1274:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1125:
1121:
1103:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1014:(1): 14–26.
1011:
1007:
1001:
976:
972:
966:
931:
927:
917:
876:
826:
822:
786:
780:
748:(1): 58–72.
745:
741:
735:
718:
714:
695:
685:
676:
667:
658:
637:cite journal
615:
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
441:
417:
408:
399:
354:
348:
289:Self-control
286:
274:
264:, including
255:
220:
211:
197:
193:
189:
180:
164:
161:
157:
148:post-testing
147:
144:
136:
132:
118:
101:
80:
59:
26:
25:
2939:Straight Up
2919:Adrian Monk
2906:The Aviator
2668:Fluvoxamine
2623:possessions
2574:Compulsions
2538:associative
2255:Disciplines
2228:Susan Fiske
2118:Roger Brown
2018:Carl Rogers
2003:Jean Piaget
1968:Ivan Pavlov
1824:Observation
1804:Experiments
1751:Suicidology
1646:Educational
1601:Anomalistic
1572:Theoretical
1547:Personality
1477:Comparative
1460:Cognitivism
1451:Behaviorism
203:hippocampus
122:paradoxical
3032:Categories
2862:Nonfiction
2823:Literature
2776:Behavioral
2706:Phenelzine
2688:Nefazodone
2683:Citalopram
2678:Sertraline
2673:Paroxetine
2663:Fluoxetine
2563:scrupulous
2553:pathogenic
2543:diagnostic
2534:Obsessions
2318:Wikisource
2163:Paul Ekman
1998:Kurt Lewin
1892:Competence
1814:Interviews
1794:Case study
1671:Humanistic
1651:Ergonomics
1636:Counseling
1611:Assessment
1593:psychology
1542:Perception
1502:Ecological
1418:psychology
1396:Philosophy
1380:Psychology
1029:2086/14136
700:1301–1320.
690:1152–1168.
340:References
303:Agnotology
266:depression
242:sensations
47:obsessions
3043:Cognition
2845:Plyushkin
2830:Fictional
2633:Treatment
2548:injurious
2453:Receptors
2338:Wikibooks
2328:Wikiquote
2198:Ed Diener
1983:Carl Jung
1887:Cognition
1716:Political
1626:Community
1456:Cognitive
1301:database.
1279:database.
1250:0090-502X
1207:1069-9384
1150:0036-8075
903:cite book
895:962303793
843:1476-4687
750:CiteSeerX
359:CiteSeerX
109:depressed
88:Schneider
2852:Xenocide
2762:Inositol
2604:Hoarding
2578:impulses
2568:symmetry
2527:Symptoms
2485:ÎĽ Opioid
2428:striatum
2333:Wikinews
2290:Timeline
1912:Feelings
1907:Emotions
1867:Behavior
1858:Concepts
1736:Religion
1721:Positive
1711:Pastoral
1696:Military
1661:Forensic
1656:Feminist
1641:Critical
1631:Consumer
1621:Coaching
1616:Clinical
1591:Applied
1487:Cultural
1426:Abnormal
1258:21987123
1215:16235633
1166:42056866
1158:14716015
1095:23499722
1046:40373320
1038:28219259
993:22686849
958:24749897
851:11268212
623:. 2016.
407:(1989).
391:22303764
328:The Game
296:See also
238:emotions
2954:Related
2608:animals
2583:rituals
2409:Biology
2387:History
2265:Outline
1761:Traffic
1756:Systems
1691:Medical
1517:Gestalt
1391:History
1266:4208699
1130:Bibcode
1122:Science
1086:3702674
949:4113301
859:4403569
772:6221062
270:anxiety
105:anxious
3048:Memory
2982:PANDAS
2558:sexual
2295:Topics
1741:School
1666:Health
1567:Social
1470:Social
1416:Basic
1401:Portal
1264:
1256:
1248:
1213:
1205:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1093:
1083:
1044:
1036:
991:
956:
946:
893:
883:
857:
849:
841:
823:Nature
801:
770:
752:
456:
389:
379:
361:
240:, and
230:images
222:Dreams
84:Wegner
2891:Media
2755:Other
2613:books
2242:Lists
1701:Music
1686:Media
1681:Legal
1532:Moral
1262:S2CID
1162:S2CID
1042:S2CID
855:S2CID
234:ideas
29:is a
2925:Pure
2618:data
2588:tics
2514:NMDA
2477:5-HT
2469:5-HT
2460:5-HT
1927:Mind
1254:PMID
1246:ISSN
1211:PMID
1203:ISSN
1154:PMID
1146:ISSN
1091:PMID
1034:PMID
989:PMID
954:PMID
909:link
891:OCLC
881:ISBN
847:PMID
839:ISSN
799:ISBN
768:PMID
650:help
454:ISBN
387:PMID
377:ISBN
199:fMRI
1238:doi
1193:doi
1138:doi
1126:303
1081:PMC
1073:doi
1024:hdl
1016:doi
981:doi
944:PMC
936:doi
932:143
831:doi
827:410
791:doi
760:doi
746:112
723:doi
625:doi
446:doi
369:doi
107:or
94:".
3034::
2498:NK
2479:2C
2471:2A
2462:1D
1306:^
1284:^
1260:.
1252:.
1244:.
1234:40
1232:.
1209:.
1201:.
1189:12
1187:.
1183:.
1160:.
1152:.
1144:.
1136:.
1124:.
1116:;
1112:;
1089:.
1079:.
1069:51
1067:.
1063:.
1040:.
1032:.
1022:.
1012:64
1010:.
987:.
977:39
975:.
952:.
942:.
930:.
926:.
905:}}
901:{{
889:.
867:^
853:.
845:.
837:.
825:.
813:^
797:.
766:.
758:.
744:.
719:19
717:.
705:^
641::
639:}}
635:{{
603:^
544:^
530:^
518:^
506:^
492:^
480:^
468:^
452:.
426:^
385:.
375:.
367:.
268:,
236:,
232:,
173:.
116:.
86:,
73:.
2934:"
2930:"
2794:)
2790:(
2625:)
2606:(
2600:)
2596:(
2590:)
2576:(
2570:)
2536:(
2508:4
2506:M
2500:1
2492:2
2490:H
2464:β
2430:)
2426:(
2372:e
2365:t
2358:v
1458:/
1372:e
1365:t
1358:v
1268:.
1240::
1217:.
1195::
1168:.
1140::
1132::
1097:.
1075::
1048:.
1026::
1018::
995:.
983::
960:.
938::
911:)
897:.
861:.
833::
807:.
793::
774:.
762::
729:.
725::
652:)
648:(
631:.
627::
462:.
448::
393:.
371::
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.