5209:
for example, that we see the same wax when it is before us, and not that we judge it to be the same from its retaining the same color and figure: whence I should forthwith be disposed to conclude that the wax is known by the act of sight, and not by the intuition of the mind alone, were it not for the analogous instance of human beings passing on in the street below, as observed from a window. In this case I do not fail to say that I see the men themselves, just as I say that I see the wax; and yet what do I see from the window beyond hats and cloaks that might cover artificial machines, whose motions might be determined by springs? But I judge that there are human beings from these appearances, and thus I comprehend, by the faculty of judgment alone which is in the mind, what I believed I saw with my eyes.
285:
3832:
is the cause of a child, and in general a maker is a cause of the thing made, and a changer a cause of the thing changed. Further, a thing is a cause (d) inasmuch as it is an end, i.e., that for the sake of which something is done; for example, health is the cause of walking. For if we are asked why someone took a walk, we answer, "in order to be healthy"; and in saying this we think we have given the cause. And whatever occurs on the way to the end under the motion of something else is also a cause. For example, reducing, purging, drugs and instruments are causes of health; for all of these exist for the sake of the end, although they differ from each other inasmuch as some are instruments and others are processes."
1964:
1845:
4890:
6013:, i.e., from the things that have been created, following an argument from the effects to the cause: namely, from things which are moved and cannot be the adequate source of their motion, to a first unmoved mover; from the production of the things in this world by causes subordinated to one another, to a first uncaused cause; from corruptible things which equally might be or not be, to an absolutely necessary being; from things which more or less are, live, and understand, according to degrees of being, living and understanding, to that which is maximally understanding, maximally living and maximally a being; finally, from the order of all things, to a
7942:"Now living beings taken all together form a certain class of being; hence in studying them the first thing to do is to consider what living things have in common, and afterwards what each has peculiar to itself. What they have in common is a life-principle or soul; in this they are all alike. In conveying knowledge, therefore, about living things one must first convey it about the soul as that which is common to them all. Thus when Aristotle sets out to treat of living things, he begins with the soul; after which, in subsequent books, he defines the properties of particular living beings."
1909:
5143:, he seeks to demonstrate that the latter did not express himself categorically on this subject. "The argument", said he, "which Aristotle presents to support this thesis is not properly called a demonstration, but is only a reply to the theories of those ancients who supposed that this world had a beginning and who gave only impossible proofs. There are three reasons for believing that Aristotle himself attached only a relative value to this reasoning..." In this, Aquinas paraphrases
1931:
260:
13032:
5314:, Thomism has had varying fortunes leading some to periodize it historically or thematically. Weisheipl distinguishes "wide" Thomism, which includes those who claim to follow the spirit and basic insights of Aquinas and manifest an evident dependence on his texts, from "eclectic" Thomism which includes those with a willingness to allow the influence of other philosophical and theological systems in order to relativize the principles and conclusions of traditional Thomism.
5262:. A man had to believe something that no normal man would believe, if it were suddenly propounded to his simplicity; as that law is above right, or right is outside reason, or things are only as we think them, or everything is relative to a reality that is not there. The modern philosopher claims, like a sort of confidence man, that if we will grant him this, the rest will be easy; he will straighten out the world, if he is allowed to give this one twist to the mind...
13038:
13963:
1956:
12580:
5271:
Thomas needs to addle his brains in order adequately to addle his eggs; to put his head at any peculiar angle in looking at eggs, or squinting at eggs, or winking the other eye in order to see a new simplification of eggs. The
Thomist stands in the broad daylight of the brotherhood of men, in their common consciousness that eggs are not hens or dreams or mere practical assumptions; but things attested by the Authority of the Senses, which is from God.
5378:(1777) giving an Aristotelian interpretation of Aquinas validating the senses as a source of knowledge. While teaching at the College Roselli is considered to have laid the foundation for Neothomism in the nineteenth century. According to historian J.A. Weisheipl in the late 18th and early 19th centuries "everyone who had anything to do with the revival of Thomism in Italy, Spain and France was directly influenced by Roselli’s monumental work.
1972:
13044:
12695:
14071:
13701:
12909:
6087:
3991:
desires its own being and its own perfection, it must be said also that the being and the perfection of any nature is good. Hence it cannot be that evil signifies being, or any form or nature. Therefore it must be that by the name of evil is signified the absence of good. And this is what is meant by saying that 'evil is neither a being nor a good.' For since being, as such, is good, the absence of one implies the absence of the other.
3406:
2964:
1853:
79:
4304:
181:
38:
3109:
5831:
common by all analytical
Thomists. What they do have in common seems to be that they are philosophers trained in the analytic tradition who happen to be interested in Aquinas in some way; and the character of their "analytical Thomism" is determined by whether it tends to stress the "analytical" side of analytical Thomism, or the "Thomism" side, or, alternatively, attempts to emphasize both sides equally.
6239:"Some have asserted that our intellectual faculties know only the impression made on them; as, for example, that sense is cognizant only of the impression made on its own organ. According to this theory, the intellect understands only its own impression, namely, the intelligible species which it has received, so that this species is what is understood. This is, however, manifestly false for two reasons "
5669:. This approach emphasizes the Aristotelian foundations of Aquinas's philosophy, and in particular the idea that the construction of a sound metaphysics must be preceded by a sound understanding of natural science, as interpreted in light of an Aristotelian philosophy of nature. Accordingly, it is keen to show that modern physical science can and should be given such an interpretation.
13713:
12567:
6101:
3394:
2976:
1865:
6715:"But, just as everything which is in potency can be called matter, so also everything from which something has existence whether that existence be substantial or accidental, can be called form; for example man, since he is white in potency, becomes actually white through whiteness, and sperm, since it is man in potency, becomes actually man through the soul."
4833:) are derived from the phantasm ("the received is in the receiver according to the mode of the receiver"), which itself is a recollection of an experience. Concerning the question of "Whether the intellect can actually understand through the intelligible species of which it is possessed, without turning to the phantasms?" in the
5585:) has been called "the most significant expression of Catholic thought between the two World Wars." The Circle was founded by a group of philosophers and theologians that in distinction to more traditional Neo-Scholastic Thomism embraced modern formal logic as an analytical tool for traditional Thomist philosophy and theology.
4772:, which began among modern thinkers whose positions, following in the wake of Descartes, are fundamentally opposed to Aquinas'. Nonetheless, a Thomistic theory of knowledge can be derived from a mixture of Aquinas' logical, psychological, metaphysical, and even Theological doctrines. Aquinas' thought is an instance of the
7914:"The difference, on the contrary, is a name taken from a determinate form, and taken in a determinate way, i.e. as not including a determinate matter in its meaning. This is clear, for example, when we say animated, i.e., that which has a soul; for what it is, whether a body or something other, is not expressed. Whence
6324:"Although everyone admits the simplicity of the First Cause, some try to introduce a composition of matter and form in the intelligences and in souls... But this is not in agreement with what philosophers commonly say, because they call them substances separated from matter, and prove them to be without all matter."
7918:
says that the genus is not understood in the difference as a part of its essence, but only as something outside its essence, as the subject also is understood in its properties. And this is why the genus is not predicated essentially of the difference, as the
Philosopher says in the third book of the
5964:
This rational soul is united to the body in such a manner that it is the only substantial form of the body. By virtue of his soul a man is a man, an animal, a living thing, a body, a substance and a being. Therefore, the soul gives man every essential degree of perfection; moreover, it gives the body
5940:
Bodies are divided into two groups; for some are living and others are devoid of life. In the case of the living things, in order that there be in the same subject an essentially moving part and an essentially moved part, the substantial form, which is designated by the name soul, requires an organic
4654:
The development of natural law is one of the most influential parts of
Thomist philosophy. Aquinas says that " is nothing other than the light of the intellect planted in us by God, by which we know what should be done and what should be avoided. God gave this light and this law in creation... For no
3990:
says (Div. Nom. iv), 'Evil is neither a being nor a good.' I answer that, one opposite is known through the other, as darkness is known through light. Hence also what evil is must be known from the nature of good. Now, we have said above that good is everything appetible; and thus, since every nature
3831:
and its genera (for example, the ratio of 2:1 and number in general are the cause of an octave chord) and the parts which are included in the intelligible expression. Again, (c) that from which the first beginning of change or of rest comes is a cause; for example, an adviser is a cause, and a father
5929:
Although extension in quantitative parts follows upon a corporeal nature, nevertheless it is not the same for a body to be a substance and for it to be quantified. For of itself substance is indivisible, not indeed as a point is indivisible, but as that which falls outside the order of dimensions is
5830:
are sometimes considered the first "analytical
Thomists", though (like most writers to whom this label has been applied) they did not describe themselves in these terms, and as Haldane's somewhat vague expression "mutual relationship" indicates, there does not seem to be any set of doctrines held in
5772:
However, unlike transcendental
Thomism, the metaphysics of Lublin Thomism places priority on existence (as opposed to essence), making it an existential Thomism that demonstrates consonance with the Thomism of Étienne Gilson. The phenomenological concerns of the Lublin school are not metaphysical in
5237:
Since the modern world began in the sixteenth century, nobody's system of philosophy has really corresponded to everybody's sense of reality; to what, if left to themselves, common men would call common sense. Each started with a paradox; a peculiar point of view demanding the sacrifice of what they
4429:
As we have said above (Article 1), virtue implies a perfection of power: wherefore the virtue of a thing is fixed by the limit of its power (De Coelo i). Now the limit of any power must needs be good: for all evil implies defect; wherefore
Dionysius says (Div. Hom. ii) that every evil is a weakness.
4294:
In order to demonstrate God's creative power, Aquinas says: "If a being participates, to a certain degree, in an 'accident,' this accidental property must have been communicated to it by a cause which possesses it essentially. Thus iron becomes incandescent by the action of fire. Now, God is His own
4006:
Commentating on the aforementioned, Aquinas says that "there is no problem from the fact that some men desire evil. For they desire evil only under the aspect of good, that is, insofar as they think it good. Hence their intention primarily aims at the good and only incidentally touches on the evil."
6024:
By reason of the very purity of His being, God is distinguished from all finite beings. Hence it follows, in the first place, that the world could only have come from God by creation; secondly, that not even by way of a miracle can any finite nature be given creative power, which of itself directly
5957:
Souls in the vegetative and sensitive orders cannot subsist of themselves, nor are they produced of themselves. Rather, they are no more than principles whereby the living thing exists and lives; and since they are wholly dependent upon matter, they are incidentally corrupted through the corruption
5298:
Thomism was always alive in the
Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation. Repeated legislation of the General Chapters, beginning after the death of St. Thomas, as well as the Constitutions of the Order, required all
4130:
The existence of God and other like truths about God, which can be known by natural reason, are not articles of faith, but are preambles to the articles; for faith presupposes natural knowledge, even as grace presupposes nature, and perfection supposes something that can be perfected. Nevertheless,
5976:
Therefore, we receive knowledge from sensible things. But since sensible things are not actually intelligible, in addition to the intellect, which formally understands, an active power must be acknowledged in the soul, which power abstracts intelligible likeness or species from sense images in the
5588:
Inspired by the logical clarity of
Aquinas, members of the Circle held both philosophy and theology to contain "propositions with truth-values…a structured body of propositions connected in meaning and subject matter, and linked by logical relations of compatibility and incompatibility, entailment
5208:
But, meanwhile, I feel greatly astonished when I observe its proneness to error. For although, without at all giving expression to what I think, I consider all this in my own mind, words yet occasionally impede my progress, and I am almost led into error by the terms of ordinary language. We say,
4510:
do, moved by God even then but "only" in the sense in which even his nature depends on God's moving, things that happen to be good in some respect, and are not sinful, though if he has not grace, it will be without merit, and he will not succeed in it all the time. Therefore, happiness is attained
4249:
Aquinas also understands God as the transcendent cause of the universe, the "first Cause of all things, exceeding all things caused by Him", the source of all creaturely being and the cause of every other cause. Consequently, God's causality is not like the causality of any other causes (all other
3083:
The capital theses in the philosophy of St. Thomas are not to be placed in the category of opinions capable of being debated one way or another, but are to be considered as the foundations upon which the whole science of natural and divine things is based; if such principles are once removed or in
5972:
Intellectuality necessarily follows upon immateriality, and furthermore, in such manner that the further the distance from matter, the higher the degree of intellectuality. Any being is the adequate object of understanding in general. But in the present state of union of soul and body, quantities
5335:
The first period of
Thomism stretches from Aquinas' teaching activity beginning in 1256 at Paris to Cologne, Orvieto, Viterbo, Rome, and Naples until his canonization in 1325. In this period his doctrines "were both attacked and defended" as for example after his death (1274) the condemnations of
5729:
in particular. To Feser, "It seems fair to say that most Thomists otherwise tolerant of diverse approaches to Aquinas's thought tend to regard transcendental Thomism as having conceded too much to modern philosophy genuinely to count as a variety of Thomism, strictly speaking, and this school of
5270:
only exist as a dream exists, since it is quite as easy to call the dream the cause of the eggs as the eggs the cause of the dream; the Pragmatist may believe that we get the best out of scrambled eggs by forgetting that they ever were eggs, and only remembering the scramble. But no pupil of St.
4712:
Aquinas argues that God offers man both a prevenient grace to enable him to perform supernaturally good works, and cooperative grace within the same. The relation of prevenient grace to voluntariness has been the subject of further debate; the position known here as "Thomist" was originated by
5968:
From the human soul there naturally issue forth powers pertaining to two orders, the organic and the non-organic. The organic powers, among which are the senses, have the composite as their subject. The non-organic powers have the soul alone as their subject. Hence, the intellect is a power
5877:
Since act is perfection, it is not limited except through a potency which itself is a capacity for perfection. Hence in any order in which an act is pure act, it will only exist, in that order, as a unique and unlimited act. But whenever it is finite and manifold, it has entered into a true
5488:
was already able to write in 1949 that the century of revival with its urgency to provide a synthetic systematization and defense of Aquinas' thought was coming to an end. Fabro looked forward to a more constructive period in which the original context of Aquinas' thought would be explored.
5984:
The will does not precede the intellect but follows upon it. The will necessarily desires that which is presented to it as a good in every respect satisfying the appetite. But it freely chooses among the many goods that are presented to it as desirable according to a changeable judgment or
5327:, and the period after the Second Vatican Council. Romanus Cessario thinks it better not to identify intervals of time or periods within the larger history of Thomism because Thomists have addressed such a broad variety of issues and in too many geographical areas to permit such divisions.
4538:
view that emotions are vices by nature. Aquinas takes a moderate view of emotion, quoting Augustine: "They are evil if our love is evil; good if our love is good." While most emotions are morally neutral, some are inherently virtuous (e.g. pity) and some are inherently vicious (e.g. envy).
5608:
of the Neo-scholastic school, to highlight the originality of Aquinas's doctrine of being as existence. He was also critical of the Neo-Scholastics' focus on the tradition of the commentators, and given what he regarded as their insufficient emphasis on being or existence accused them of
4397:, the vital principle, the source of all activities. Hence their science of the soul deals with functions which nowadays belong to the provinces of biology and physiology. The nature of the mind and its relations to the organism are questions that belong to philosophy or metaphysics.
3827:"In one sense the term cause means (a) that from which, as something intrinsic, a thing comes to be, as the bronze of a statue and the silver of a goblet, and the genera of these. In another sense it means (b) the form and pattern of a thing, i.e., the intelligible expression of the
4425:", and that "happiness is called man's supreme good, because it is the attainment or enjoyment of the supreme good." Aquinas defines virtue as a good habit, which is a good quality of a person demonstrated by his actions and reactions over a substantial period of time. He writes:
5613:" (to allude to the other half of Aquinas's distinction between being and essence). Gilson's reading of Aquinas as putting forward a distinctively "Christian philosophy" tended, at least in the view of his critics, to blur Aquinas's distinction between philosophy and theology.
4697:... just as by moving natural causes does not prevent their acts being natural, so by moving voluntary causes He does not deprive their actions of being voluntary: but rather is He the cause of this very thing in them; for He operates in each thing according to its own nature.
5798:, its key proponent, as "a broad philosophical approach that brings into mutual relationship the styles and preoccupations of recent English-speaking philosophy and the concepts and concerns shared by Aquinas and his followers" (from the article on "analytical Thomism" in
5685:
in Quebec, where De Koninck was a professor. The alternative label "River Forest Thomism" derives from a suburb of Chicago, the location of the Albertus Magnus Lyceum for Natural Science, whose members have been associated with this approach. It is also sometimes called
8716:"By the natural law the eternal law is participated proportionately to the capacity of human nature. But to his supernatural end man needs to be directed in a yet higher way. Hence the additional law given by God, whereby man shares more perfectly in the eternal law."
5448:. Its focus, however, is less exegetical and more concerned with carrying out the program of deploying a rigorously worked out system of Thomistic metaphysics in a wholesale critique of modern philosophy. Other seminal figures in the early part of the century include
4278:
God through his creation (general revelation), but only in an analogous manner. For instance, we can speak of God's goodness only by understanding that goodness as applied to humans is similar to, but not identical with, the goodness of God. Further, he argues that
4597:, namely that those who are attacked, should be attacked because they deserve it on account of some fault... Thirdly, it is necessary that the belligerents should have a rightful intention, so that they intend the advancement of good, or the avoidance of evil...
5895:
Besides the absolute accidents there is also the relative accident, relation. Although by reason of its own character relation does not signify anything inhering in another, it nevertheless often has a cause in things, and hence a real entity distinct from the
6656:
The Aristotelian and Thomist definition of the "soul" does not refer to spirit, but is perhaps better translated as "life force." Hence, plants have souls in the sense that they are living beings. The human soul is unique in that it has consciousness. Cf.
5980:
Through these intelligible likenesses or species we directly know universals, i.e. the natures of things. We attain to singulars by our senses, and also by our intellect, when it beholds the sense images. But we ascend to knowledge of spiritual things by
5690:" (to highlight its contrast with Gilson's brand of existential Thomism) though since Neo-Scholastic Thomism also emphasizes Aquinas's continuity with Aristotle, this label seems a bit too proprietary. (There are writers, like the contemporary Thomist
5265:
Against all this the philosophy of St. Thomas stands founded on the universal common conviction that eggs are eggs. The Hegelian may say that an egg is really a hen, because it is a part of an endless process of Becoming; the Berkelian may hold that
3908:) that "to suppose a thing to be indefinite is to deny that it is good." But the good is that which has the nature of an end. Therefore it is contrary to the nature of an end to proceed indefinitely. Therefore it is necessary to fix one last end.
3942:
of the universe is demonstrable by reason. Aquinas' position was that the temporality of the world is an article of faith, and not demonstrable by reason; one could reasonably conclude either that the universe is temporal or that it is eternal.
3741:
or in their own right. Accidents are qualities that apply to other things, such as shape or color: "ccidents must include in their definition a subject which is outside their genus." Because they only exist in other things, Aquinas holds that
5933:
The principle of individuation, i.e., of numerical distinction of one individual from another with the same specific nature, is matter designated by quantity. Thus in pure spirits there cannot be more than one individual in the same specific
6020:
The metaphysical motion of the Divine Essence is correctly expressed by saying that it is identified with the exercised actuality of its own being, or that it is subsistent being itself. And this is the reason for its infinite and unlimited
4254:
of all being, causing and sustaining every other existing thing at every instant. Consequently, God's causality is never in competition with the causality of creatures; rather, God even causes some things through the causality of creatures.
3084:
any way impaired, it must necessarily follow that students of the sacred sciences will ultimately fail to perceive so much as the meaning of the words in which the dogmas of divine revelation are proposed by the magistracy of the Church.
4886:. The ensuing school of thought, through its influence on Catholicism and the ethics of the Catholic school, is one of the most influential philosophies of all time, also significant due to the number of people living by its teachings.
5881:
Consequently, the one God, unique and simple, alone subsists in absolute being. All other things that participate in being have a nature whereby their being is restricted; they are constituted of essence and being, as really distinct
5318:
gives an historic division of Thomism including 1) the period of Aquinas and his first followers from the 13th to 15th centuries, a second Thomism from the 16th to 18th centuries, and a Neo-Thomism from the 19th to 20th centuries.
4729:
is a school that is part of Thomism in the general sense (it originated in commentaries to Aquinas), yet it must be borne in mind that, here, Thomism and Molinism oppose each other. (The question has been declared undecided by the
5589:
etc." "The Cracow Circle set about investigating and where possible improving this logical structure with the most advanced logical tools available at the time, namely those of modern mathematical logic, then called 'logistic'."
3591:
occurs when a descriptor changes some but not all of its meaning. For example, the word "healthy" is analogical in that it applies both to a person or animal which enjoys good health and to some food or drink which promotes
4360:
Thomists define the soul as the substantial form of living beings. Thus, plants have "vegetative souls", animals have "sensitive souls", while human beings alone have "intellectual" – rational and immortal – souls.
5322:
One might justifiably articulate other historical divisions on the basis of shifts in perspective on Aquinas' work including the period immediately following Aquinas' canonization in 1325, the period following the
3508:
principles, for example that "it is absolutely true that there is first something which is essentially being and essentially good, which we call God, everything can be called good and a being, inasmuch as it
5569:
or act of existence of finite beings by participating in being itself. Other scholars such as those involved with the "Progetto Tommaso" seek to establish an objective and universal reading of Aquinas' texts.
4150:
by saying that God allows evil to exist so that good may come of it (for goodness done out of free will is superior than goodness done from biological imperative), but does not personally cause evil Himself.
5304:
5777:. Rather, they are considerations which are brought into relation with central positions of the school, such as when dealing with modern science, its epistemological value, and its relation to metaphysics.
6609:
The meaning of this sentence can be altered depending on how the Latin word used in this sentence, "materiæ", is translated into English. An alternate rendering of this sentence is "The form causes matter
5090:
Thomism remains a school of philosophy today, and influential in Catholicism, though "The Church has no philosophy of her own nor does she canonize any one particular philosophy in preference to others."
4287:: "Now it is natural to man to attain to intellectual truths through sensible objects, because all our knowledge originates from sense. Hence in Holy Writ, spiritual truths are fittingly taught under the
5899:
A spiritual creature is wholly simple in its essence. Yet there is still a twofold composition in the spiritual creature, namely, that of the essence with being, and that of the substance with accidents.
3585:
is the use of a descriptor in the same sense when applied to two objects or groups of objects. For instance, when the word "milk" is applied both to milk produced by cows and by any other female mammal.
8204:"Happiness is the attainment of the Perfect Good... And therefore man can attain Happiness. This can be proved again from the fact that man is capable of seeing God, man's perfect Happiness consists."
8182:"First, from the general notion of happiness. For since happiness is a "perfect and sufficient good", it excludes every evil, and fulfils every desire. But in this life every evil cannot be excluded."
5926:
Neither the matter nor the form have being of themselves, nor are they produced or corrupted of themselves, nor are they included in any category otherwise than reductively, as substantial principles.
5617:(1882–1973) introduced into Thomistic metaphysics the notion that philosophical reflection begins with an "intuition of being", and in ethics and social philosophy sought to harmonize Thomism with
8732:
5885:
A thing is called a being because of "esse". God and creature are not called beings univocally, nor wholly equivocally, but analogically, by an analogy both of attribution and of proportionality.
4010:
As God is the ultimate end of all things, God is by essence goodness itself. Furthermore, since love is "to wish the good of another", true love in Thomism is to lead another to God. Hence why
9356:
5961:
On the other hand, the human soul subsists of itself. When it can be infused into a sufficiently disposed subject, it is created by God. By its very nature, it is incorruptible and immortal.
5534:
focused not only on exegesis of the historical Aquinas but also on the articulation of a rigorous system of orthodox Thomism to be used as an instrument of critique of contemporary thought.
6048:, which he alleged as being, "It seems so to me. I think so. I believe so." Luther also argued that the Thomist method led to shallowness among theological debates in England at the time.
5473:
among others, carried on Leo's call for a Thomist revival. Their approach is reflected in many of the manuals and textbooks widely in use in Roman Catholic colleges and seminaries before
4821:(the image of the imagination is often translated as "phantasm"). When he extracts information from this phantasm, he is using his intellect. Consequently, all human knowledge concerning
1707:
3770:
of matter, matter becomes something actual and something individual", and also, "the form causes matter to be." Thus, it consists of two parts: "prime matter" (matter without form), and
3926:
However, the First Cause does not necessarily have to be temporally the first. Thus, the question of whether or not the universe can be imagined as eternal was fiercely debated in the
9607:
4131:
there is nothing to prevent a man, who cannot grasp a proof, accepting, as a matter of faith, something which in itself is capable of being scientifically known and demonstrated.
6445:"And this is why substances of this sort are said by some to be composed of "that by which it is" and "that which is", or as Boethius says, of "that which is" and "existence.""
4623:
Thomism recognizes four different species of law, which he defines as "an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community, and promulgated":
3886:
of causality is possible (and thus held that the universe is uncaused), Aquinas argues that an infinite chain never accomplishes its objective and is thus impossible. Hence, a
4430:
And for this reason the virtue of a thing must be regarded in reference to good. Therefore human virtue which is an operative habit, is a good habit, productive of good works.
12867:
4943:
Aquinas, while the Dominicans institutionally took up the defense of his work (1286), and thereafter adopted it as an official philosophy of the order to be taught in their
1642:
6025:
attains the very being of any being; and finally, that no created agent can in any way influence the being of any effect unless it has itself been moved by the first Cause.
6531:"And because accidents are not composed of matter and form, their genus cannot be taken from matter and their difference from form, as in the case of composed substances."
3890:
is necessary for the existence of anything to be possible. Further, the First Cause must continuously be in action (similar to how there must always be a first chain in a
5937:
By virtue of a body's quantity itself, the body is circumscriptively in a place, and in one place alone circumscriptively, no matter what power might be brought to bear.
10358:
5902:
However, the corporeal creature is composed of act and potency even in its very essence. These act and potency in the order of essence are designated by the names
1730:
9840:
12726:
9679:
9456:
6470:"Therefore, if the existence of a thing differs from its essence, this existence must be caused either by some exterior agent or by its essential principles."
5367:
Responding to prevailing philosophical rationalism during the Enlightenment Salvatore Roselli, professor of theology at the College of St. Thomas, the future
13750:
9628:
10437:
12946:
8726:
9651:
4593:
In order for a war to be just, three things are necessary. First, the authority of the sovereign by whose command the war is to be waged... Secondly, a
9867:
5537:
Due to its suspicion of attempts to harmonize Aquinas with non-Thomistic categories and assumptions, Neo-Scholastic Thomism has sometimes been called "
100:
93:
10323:
5452:(1875-1949) and Amato Masnovo (1880-1955). The movement's core philosophical commitments are summarized in "Twenty-Four Thomistic Theses" approved by
3774:, which is what causes a substance to have its characteristics. For instance, an animal can be said to be a being whose matter is its body, and whose
9813:
9711:
9348:
6342:
6150:
3965:" as what all things strive for. E.g., a cutting knife is said to be good if it is effective at its function, cutting. As all things have a function/
671:
7907:
7865:
7295:
6681:
6575:
6518:
6488:
6438:
6411:
6317:
13522:
5749:." Like transcendental Thomism, it seeks to combine Thomism with certain elements of modern philosophy. In particular, it seeks to make use of the
5604:, tended to emphasize the importance of historical exegesis but also to deemphasize Aquinas's continuity with the Aristotelian tradition, and like
5352:
thought. Henry of Gorkum (1386-1431) wrote what may well be the earliest commentary on the Summa Theologiae, followed in due course by his student
5214:
10347:
8752:
7813:
12857:
6708:
5847:
stated that 24 theses formulated by "teachers from various institutions clearly contain the principles and more important thoughts" of Aquinas.
5530:
identifies with the philosophical and theological tradition stretching back to the time of St. Thomas. In the nineteenth century authors such as
1816:
9956:
5395:
The Thomist revival that began in the mid-19th century, sometimes called "neo-scholasticism" or "neo-Thomism", can be traced to figures such as
9309:"Gradually, however, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there came a decline in the study of the works of the great Scholastics."
4633:, "whereby each one knows, and is conscious of, what is good and what is evil", which is the rational being's participation in the eternal law;
10390:
8974:
8552:
1496:
14116:
13208:
12862:
10047:
9064:
8914:
8884:
5461:
5397:
5368:
4413:
The appetite of man has two parts, rational and irrational. The rational part is called the will, and the irrational part is called passion.
3007:
2258:
1606:
12875:
9535:
9442:
6733:
1765:
9482:
John Haldane, 1998. "Thomism". In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved 18 August 2013, from
8018:
4994:
of Aquinas in 1323 led to a revocation of the condemnation of 1277. Later, Aquinas and his school would find a formidable opponent in the
10521:
3079:
cautioned that the teachings of the Church cannot be understood without the basic philosophical underpinnings of Thomas's major theses:
7820:"For we cannot grasp what God is, but only what He is not and how other things are related to Him, as is clear from what we said above."
4336:) of all men are the same, and the definition of being is "an essence that exists", humans that are real therefore only differ by their
13932:
13592:
11364:
1821:
10129:
9680:"The Dominican Friars of the Province of St. Albert the Great » "The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey" (James Weisheipl)"
9457:"The Dominican Friars of the Province of St. Albert the Great » "The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey" (James Weisheipl)"
6130:
5013:(1468–1534). Eventually, in the 16th century, Thomism found a stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, through for example the Dominicans
13743:
11642:
9894:
9645:, New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003, Roensch, F. J.: "...he furnished the basis for the Thomistic reconstruction of the 19th century;
6542:"Aveling, Francis. "Essence and Existence." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 4 Nov. 2009"
14111:
12939:
12738:
12617:
3923:
Thus, both Aristotle and Aquinas conclude that there must be an uncaused Primary Mover, because an infinite regress is impossible.
567:
9209:
14106:
10006:
9604:
7275:
7093:
4843:: "the soul understands nothing without a phantasm." Hence the peripatetic axiom. (Another theorem to be drawn from this is that
3436:
1718:
1356:
13537:
12891:
9408:
6883:
5694:
who have exhibited both Neo-Scholastic and Laval/River Forest influences, and the approaches are not necessarily incompatible.)
5625:, the main reason for the label is the emphasis this approach puts on Aquinas's doctrine of existence. Other proponents include
5348:
After Aquinas' canonisation, commentaries on Aquinas increased, especially at Cologne which had previously been a stronghold of
1758:
12883:
10469:
10379:
8148:
7407:
6978:
6632:
5985:
evaluation. Consequently, the choice follows the final practical judgment. But the will is the cause of it being the final one.
4246:
of everything, but that God has "the most perfect knowledge", and that it is also true to say that God "is" His understanding.
1744:
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9589:
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indivisible. But quantity, which gives the substance extension, really differs from the substance and is truly an accident.
9386:
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parts of Thomism, as well as a large part of its views on life, humans, and theology, are found in the various schools of
4393:
generally follow Aristotle's classification. For them body and soul are united in one complete substance. The soul is the
4258:
Aquinas was an advocate of the "analogical way", which says that because God is infinite, people can only speak of God by
13271:
12932:
4270:
2640:
10289:
7919:
Metaphysics and in the fourth book of the Topics, but only in the way in which a subject is predicated of its property."
6545:
1169:
12655:
10848:
9555:
8640:
7063:
7039:
6036:
5095:
4465:. The cardinal virtues are natural and revealed in nature, and they are binding on everyone. There are, however, three
1667:
522:
11905:
8025:
Aquinas further says that "it is clear that happiness is a virtue-oriented activity proper to man in a complete life."
6232:
4526:, Aquinas defines as "a movement of the sensitive appetite when we imagine good or evil", Thomism repudiates both the
143:
11930:
10447:
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7008:
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5131:
Aquinas pronounces himself energetically against the hypothesis of the eternity of the world, in agreement with both
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65:
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held that God distributes grace according to a middle knowledge, and man can accept it without a different grace.
4655:
one is ignorant that what he would not like to be done to himself he should not do to others, and similar norms."
284:
13909:
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7678:
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A summary of some recent and current schools and interpretations of Thomism can be found, among other places, in
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2370:
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480:
12100:
10247:
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5888:
In every creature there is also a real composition of the subsisting subject and of added secondary forms, i.e.
4511:
through the perseverance of virtue given by the Grace of God, which is not fully attained on earth; only at the
14131:
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12804:
12518:
11678:
9324:
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1939:
1672:
1601:
1401:
939:
361:
356:
191:
122:
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3602:, for example when the word "bank" is applied to river banks and financial banks. Modern philosophers call it
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809:
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forms. Such composition cannot be understood unless being is really received in an essence distinct from it.
5621:
and pluralistic democracy. Though "existential Thomism" was sometimes presented as a counterpoint to modern
5565:(b. 1964) among others. Fabro in particular emphasizes Aquinas' originality, especially with respect to the
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70, no. 3 (Summer 1996): pp. 361–380. Poiesis: Philosophy Online, EBSCOhost (Retrieved 13 April 2010): 380.
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of 1879. Generally the revival accepts the interpretative tradition of Aquinas' great commentators such as
3044:
2993:
2940:
1109:
1064:
7807:
6926:
Davis, Richard. "Bonaventure and the Arguments for the Impossibility of an Infinite Temporal Regression",
6334:
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14016:
12301:
12015:
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10056:
10028:
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5626:
3429:
3189:
2680:
1751:
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129:
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2016:
1541:
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5973:
abstracted from the material conditions of individuality are the proper object of the human intellect.
5061:
and his establishment of the Leonine Commission, established to produce critical editions of Aquinas'
3670:
2620:
14063:
12846:
12374:
10586:
10576:
9952:
9741:
9737:
6003:
5726:
5538:
5065:. This encyclical served as the impetus for the rise of Neothomism, which brought an emphasis on the
3750:
3498:
2765:
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1677:
1134:
511:
10099:
5098:
proposes that Thomism is the philosophical system explaining cognition that is most compatible with
1456:
1246:
1204:
111:
14101:
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13011:
12986:
12762:
12648:
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11130:
11127:
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8544:
4663:
3879:
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2041:
2011:
1526:
587:
517:
505:
51:
9056:
8906:
8876:
8011:
5128:(Ibn Gabirol), whose name he mentions, but also of most Jewish philosophical works then existing.
3061:
1331:
13962:
13924:
12963:
12603:
12055:
11996:
11949:
11807:
11770:
11138:
11053:
11043:
10967:
10833:
10805:
9668:
calls Roselli "l'un des principaux ancêtres du néo-thomisme du XIXe siècle. Accessed 28 June 2014
9319:
7882:
5920:
5413:
5178:
5149:
4822:
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4165:
Aquinas articulated and defended, both as a philosopher and a theologian, the orthodox Christian
3819:
3378:
3341:
2875:
2505:
2132:
1994:
1612:
1371:
899:
268:
202:
89:
17:
6725:
4054:) are five possible ways of demonstrating the existence of God, which today are categorized as:
2605:
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14121:
13948:
13867:
13577:
12188:
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11200:
11038:
10616:
10591:
10581:
10161:
comparing this chief thesis of River Forest Thomism to the objections from Lawrence Dewan, O.P.
6376:
6369:
5730:
thought has in any event been far more influential among theologians than among philosophers."
5650:
5531:
5527:
5481:
5402:
5074:
4543:
3537:
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2795:
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1214:
9605:
http://www.saintwiki.com/index.php?title=Hinnebusch/The_Dominicans:_A_Short_History/Chapter_IX
9547:
9150:
5718:(1904–84), does not oppose modern philosophy wholesale, but seeks to reconcile Thomism with a
1556:
1099:
1094:
679:
13532:
13467:
13281:
13140:
12976:
12683:
12425:
12364:
12344:
12178:
12090:
12070:
12060:
11693:
11542:
11175:
11107:
11015:
10982:
10810:
10790:
10596:
10073:
9996:
9579:
9303:
6045:
5803:
5303:
An idea of the longstanding historic continuity of Dominican Thomism may be derived from the
5193:
4909:, forbade certain positions associated with Aquinas (especially his denial of both universal
4830:
4345:
4190:
4107:
3734:
3657:
3478:
3372:
2660:
2365:
2305:
2280:
2088:
1888:
1104:
1029:
944:
864:
500:
400:
10259:
9142:
6071:
4923:. Through the influence of traditional Augustinian theologians, some theses of Aquinas were
4562:. Rather, he would say that an action is morally good if it fulfills God's antecedent will.
3618:
of the being, plus a difference that sets it apart from the genus itself. For instance, the
2670:
2645:
2201:
14004:
13992:
13780:
13759:
13670:
13665:
13602:
13547:
13351:
13306:
13241:
13001:
12991:
12955:
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12359:
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12235:
11991:
11787:
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11521:
11491:
11232:
10760:
10606:
10601:
10406:
10126:
9222:
Boethius in the Middle Ages: Latin and Vernacular Traditions of the Consolatio Philosophiae
5562:
5353:
5014:
4928:
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3544:
that does not contradict these two laws could theoretically exist, even if said being were
3294:
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2515:
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1947:
1806:
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1014:
964:
959:
759:
754:
694:
9173:
8749:"St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on the Ten Commandments, prologue, sec. 'A fourfold law'"
4627:
Eternal law, which is "the type of Divine Wisdom, as directing all actions and movements;"
4421:
Aquinas affirms Aristotle's definition of happiness as "an operation according to perfect
3064:
and continues to be the central point of reference for the philosophy and theology of the
2855:
1501:
1144:
8:
14075:
13901:
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11765:
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11428:
11334:
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11033:
10881:
9890:
9280:
Thomas of Sutton on the Nature of the Intellective Soul and the Thomistic Theory of Being
9118:
On the History of Political Philosophy: Great Political Thinkers from Thucydides to Locke
6180:
6170:
5889:
5860:
5819:
5795:
5758:
5682:
5420:
5315:
5073:. Neothomism held sway as the dominant philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church until the
5030:
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4971:
4920:
4466:
4454:
4333:
4284:
4166:
4033:
4011:
3711:
3567:
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859:
714:
709:
689:
552:
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in articulating the Thomist conception of the human person. Its best-known proponent is
5038:
4295:
power which subsists by itself. The being which subsists by itself is necessarily one."
3264:
2750:
2710:
2665:
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The Way toward Wisdom: An Interdisciplinary and Contextual Introduction to Metaphysics
10144:
The Way toward Wisdom: An Interdisciplinary and Contextual Introduction to Metaphysics
10000:
9920:, eds. Giacomo Grasso and Stefano Serafini, Millennium Romae, Rome 1999, pp. 157–161.
7316:
7272:
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5802:, edited by Ted Honderich). By "recent English-speaking philosophy" Haldane means the
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10465:
Introductory chapter by Craig Paterson and Matthew Pugh on the development of Thomism
10443:
10267:
10239:
10148:
10065:
9585:
9551:
9514:
9416:
9225:
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9154:
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5634:
5522:
5506:
5390:
5169:
5115:
5006:
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4373:), concerned with the maintenance and development of organic life; (2) the appetite (
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136:
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4858:, for holding that sensations are a necessary step in acquiring knowledge, and that
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10710:
10461:
by Richard Percival Phillips, an introduction on the Thomistic philosophy of nature
10421:
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10023:
9543:
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9086:
9026:
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488:
428:
385:
373:
9982:
55 (2003), 281–297, Reprinted in: Edgar Morscher, Otto Neumaier and Peter Simons,
9978:"Bocheński and Balance: System and History in Analytic Philosophy", Peter Simons,
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5299:
Dominicans to teach the doctrine of St. Thomas both in philosophy and in theology.
1376:
1366:
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translated by the Rev. E. S. Buchanan, M.A., BSc New York: Charles A. Swift, 1928
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https://www.scribd.com/doc/90016006/Fabro-La-Nozione-Metafisica-Di-Partecipazione
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We do not perceive by an immediate intuition that God exists, nor do we prove it
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10238:. Houston: University of Notre Dame Press for the Center of Thomistic Studies.
10147:. Houston: University of Notre Dame Press for the Center of Thomistic Studies.
9746:
My Way of Life: Pocket Edition of St. Thomas—The Summa Simplified for Everyone
8633:
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5485:
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Thomism remained a doctrine held principally by Dominican theologians, such as
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of a thing is what makes the object what it is: "hrough the form, which is the
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276:
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9625:"Roselli, Salvatore Maria - New Catholic Encyclopedia | Encyclopedia.com"
9257:
Roensch, Frederick J. Early Thomistic School. Dubuque, IA: Priory Press, 1964.
7886:
that "Socrates is nothing other than animality and rationality, which are his
5305:
list of people associated with the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas
4522:(used synonymously with the word "passion" in this context), which, following
3718:
refers to existence or reality. That is, a being is "an essence that exists."
3182:
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Philosophy and the God of Abraham: essays in memory of James A. Weisheipl, OP
10243:
10152:
10069:
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6541:
5822:, which tends to dominate academic philosophy in the English-speaking world.
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5766:
5541:." A discussion of recent and current Neo-Scholastic Thomism can be found in
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5259:
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5084:
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4875:
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denounced the belief that the world is eternal. Aquinas' intellectual rival,
3746:
is primarily the study of substances, as they are the primary mode of being.
3626:"; its genus being animal, and what sets apart man from other animals is his
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642:
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6846:"St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on the Metaphysics, Bk. II, 994a 11-994b 9"
4407:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved May 29, 2010 from New Advent.
4182:
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Ein Philosoph mit "Bodenhaftung": Zu Leben und Werk von Joseph M. Bocheński
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4813:. When one perceives an object, his mind composites a sense-image. When he
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and says that God gives an additional grace (the "efficient grace") to the
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For Aristotle, the soul is one, but endowed with five groups of faculties (
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is "that which is", a principle with two parts: "that which" refers to its
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Aquinas offers more metaphysical explanations for the existence of God in
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6770:"The third way is taken from possibility and necessity, and runs thus..."
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4185:.) Consequently, God cannot be a body (that is, He cannot be composed of
4177:: "what subsists in God is His existence." (Hence why God names himself "
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do not differ, except as the non-designated from the designated. Whence
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entitled "Nonlinear Brain Dynamics and Intention According to Aquinas."
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9473:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey, ” James Weisheipl, 1962.
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Potency and Act divide being in such a way that whatever is, is either
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3485:, he believed that the world can be known as it is). He often affirmed
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is to be accepted no matter where it is found. His doctrines drew from
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2006:
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9677:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey", James Weisheipl, 1962
8069:. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. pp. 109–110.
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which has ordered and organized things, and directs them to their end.
5294:
the history of Thomism has been continuous since the time of Aquinas:
4780:"when it conforms to the external reality." Therefore, any being that
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5561:(1950–1990), Abelardo Lobato (1925–2012), Leo Elders (1926–2019) and
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1277, 1284 and 1286 were counteracted by the General Chapters of the
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attempted a Thomistic revival, particularly with his 1879 encyclical
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4385:), which presides over the various bodily movements; and (5) reason (
4377:), or the tendency to any good; (3) the faculty of sense perception (
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7872:"It is clear, therefore, that the essence of man and the essence of
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4233:, and eternal. Summing up these properties, Aquinas offers the term
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says, "Whoever is without love does not know God, for God is love."
3651:
existence of a thing, for example man exists, and this is existence
1139:
209:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
78:
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is a result of drawing false conclusions based on our sensations.)
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4274:) to finite human minds. Thomist philosophy holds that we can know
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5673:, Raymond Jude Nogar, James A. Weisheipl, William A. Wallace, and
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Early and noteworthy defenders of Aquinas were his former teacher
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can be said to be true insofar that it participates in the world.
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and are distinct from other virtues in their object, namely, God.
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8866:, Grundriss der Dogmatik, nova & vetera, Bonn 2005, IV/I § 15
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would call a sane point of view. That is the one thing common to
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have the same essence, and so long as they exist, only differ by
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3501:, and respectfully referred to him simply as "the Philosopher".
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7329:"Thus, it is... that evil is only caused by good accidentally."
7307:
are the most well-known and most commonly analyzed among these.
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5048:
The modern period brought considerable difficulty for Thomism.
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4748:
4554:, and therefore Aquinas cannot be said to be strictly either a
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In philosophy, Thomas's disputed questions and commentaries on
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2375:
2335:
313:
9296:
5083:
writer Fr. Brian Van Hove, SJ, to confirm the significance of
5017:(particularly noteworthy for his work in natural law theory),
4506:. However, "doing good" here refers to doing good per se: man
3598:
is the complete change in meaning of the descriptor and is an
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by reason, a view that is taught by the Catholic Church. The
3794:
3681:
3615:
3541:
3525:
3458:
378:
10260:"The River Forest School and the Philosophy of Nature Today"
10225:
For an excellent introduction to River Forest Thomism, see:
6371:
Renewing Your Mind: Basic Christian Beliefs You Need to Know
4662:
was divine, though rightfully only given to the Jews before
4636:
Human or temporal law, laws made by humans by necessity; and
4534:(sensual experiences that invoke positive emotion), and the
3865:, what brings about the beginning of, or change to, a being.
9947:
9945:
9210:
Richard Knapwell - Medieval Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
9187:
The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300
4798:
4474:
4262:, for some of the aspects of the divine nature are hidden (
3970:
3661:
existence, for example man is white, and this is existence
2445:
6131:
Criticism of the Catholic Church § Nature of theology
5745:
in Poland where it is centered, is also sometimes called "
5545:(2002) by Battista Mondin, which includes such figures as
5196:
and the fallibility of the senses implicitly contradicted
4312:, Pars secunda, prima pars. (copy by Peter Schöffer, 1471)
3489:'s views with independent arguments, and largely followed
11463:
10213:
5995:
5677:, are among its representatives. It is sometimes called "
5543:
La Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
5499:
La Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
5124:, shows a profound knowledge not only of the writings of
4542:
Thomist ethics hold that it is necessary to observe both
4515:. Notably, man cannot attain true happiness without God.
4481:(which is used interchangeably with love in the sense of
9942:
9115:
6780:
6778:
6776:
3778:
is its substantial form. Together, these constitute its
5722:
subject-centered approach to knowledge in general, and
5229:
In describing Thomism as a philosophy of common sense,
4589:
was expounded by Aquinas with this principle. He says:
4581:. Previously experiencing difficulties in the world of
3645:
xistence is twofold: one is essential existence or the
3566:
Aquinas noted three forms of descriptive language when
7880:
says in his considerations on the seventh book of the
5769:(1920–2005), who went on to become Pope John Paul II.
3838:
Metaphysics 1013a, trans. John P. Rowan, Chicago, 1961
3640:
Being § Thomistic analogical predication of being
9923:"S. Serafini - G. Grasso - Vita quaerens intellectum"
9748:, Brooklyn, NY: Confraternity of the Precious Blood.
6773:
5965:
a share in the act of being whereby it itself exists.
5492:
5359:
4817:
the object he previously sensed, he is imagining its
4498:, Aquinas argues that humans can neither wish nor do
4324:", Aquinas also held various other beliefs about the
10388:
P. Lumbreras's commentary on the 24 Thomistic Theses
10208:
There is a River Forest Dominican Collection at the
9760:, Cornelio Fabro, Preface to the second edition, 5;
9581:
An Image of God: The Catholic Struggle with Eugenics
9506:
6453:
6451:
6082:
4768:
Aquinas preceded the existence of the discipline of
3851:, what a being's matter consists of (if applicable).
3758:
as "that which is expressed by its definition." The
27:
Philosophical system originating from Thomas Aquinas
9837:"Vanni Rovighi, Sofia in "Dizionario di filosofia""
9732:e.g., Thomas Aquinas (1952), edd., Walter Farrell,
9245:
Work 9: The Doctrinal Life and the Thomistic School
3054:are perhaps his best-known works. In theology, his
9916:See Raffaele Rizzello’s "Il Progetto Tommaso", in
9307:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
6368:
5340:and other disciples who came to Aquinas' defense.
4573:, II-II, Q.64, art.7, which is a justification of
4340:. More generally speaking, all beings of the same
4250:causes are "secondary causes"), because He is the
4221:, omniscient, happiness itself, knowledge itself,
10432:
10127:The natural sciences are epistemologically first.
7665:
7663:
7640:
7638:
6448:
5753:method of philosophical analysis associated with
5109:
14088:
10356:Paterson & Pugh's book on Analytical Thomism
6398:
6396:
5870:, or of necessity it is composed of potency and
5834:
5702:Unlike the first three schools mentioned above,
4126:; though these truths cannot contradict reason:
10228:
10137:
5381:
5369:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,
5343:
4931:(the most important theological schools in the
4927:by the ecclesiastical authorities of Paris and
3690:(literally "whatness"), and "is" refers to its
10172:The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
10100:"A Celebration of Eugene Rathbone Fairweather"
9577:
7660:
7635:
7607:
7605:
7202:
7200:
6044:and a reliance on style over substance in the
5969:intrinsically independent of any bodily organ.
5168:Thomism began to decline in popularity in the
5094:In recent years, the cognitive neuroscientist
13744:
12940:
12611:
10515:
9705:
9584:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 21–.
9140:
6393:
6151:List of Thomist writers (13th–18th centuries)
4403:Dubray, C. (1909). Faculties of the Soul. In
3430:
3060:is amongst the most influential documents in
3001:
1889:
1607:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
10314:
10282:
9804:
9500:
9497:, Catholic University of America Press, 2005
9174:William De La Mare | Encyclopædia Britannica
7113:
7111:
6363:
3721:Being is divided in two ways: that which is
10407:Martin Luther against Henry King of England
10022:
9290:
9288:
7602:
7197:
6061:(1946). Neo-Thomism has been criticized by
5459:In the first half of the twentieth century
5290:J. A. Weisheipl emphasizes that within the
5021:(notable for his work on economic theory),
4919:in a single substance) to be taught in the
3680:In Thomist philosophy, the definition of a
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
13933:List of Independent Catholic denominations
13751:
13737:
12947:
12933:
12618:
12604:
10522:
10508:
10386:, Latin with English translation See also
10170:"Weisheipl, James Patrick Athanasius", in
9864:"GIACON, Carlo in "Dizionario Biografico""
9141:Cessario, Romanus; O. P., Romanus (2005).
3969:, all real things are good. Consequently,
3932:University of Paris's condemnation of 1270
3437:
3423:
3008:
2994:
1896:
1882:
10423:Reality: A Synthesis of Thomistic Thought
10212:Center, at the University of Notre Dame.
10052:"In Memoriam Eugene Rathbone Fairweather"
9648:"Roselli, Salvatore Maria - Scholasticon"
9571:
9484:http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/N067
7108:
6928:American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly
6375:. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. p.
5697:
5516:
5330:
5156:
5029:; the Carmelites of Salamanca (i.e., the
4242:Aquinas held that not only does God have
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
14062:*The Catholic Church also comprises the
13783:, further diversified starting from the
13758:
12739:Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium
9891:"Istituto Filosofico di Studi Tomistici"
9346:
9285:
7056:"St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on the
6816:"St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on the
5573:
5033:); and even, in a way, the newly formed
4888:
4302:
4114:Despite this, Aquinas also thought that
4071:Argumentum ex ratione causae efficientis
3823:, which is an integral part of Thomism:
1907:
1817:List of institutions named after Aquinas
568:Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium
12954:
10470:The XXIV Theses of Thomistic Philosophy
10439:The Essence & Topicality of Thomism
10308:
9800:
9798:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9790:
9758:La nozione Metafisica di Participazione
9548:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195326093.013.0039
9507:Frederick J. Roensch (1 January 1964).
9294:
9189:. Mercer University Press. p. 52.
6652:
6650:
5640:
5557:(1911–1995), Carlo Giacon (1900–1984),
3797:, goodness (that is, all things have a
1719:Enthroned Madonna and Child with Saints
14:
14089:
12884:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
10046:
9897:from the original on 27 September 2013
9788:
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9782:
9780:
9778:
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9699:
9267:Bernard of Auvergne - Oxford Reference
9184:
8755:from the original on 15 September 2009
8064:
6886:from the original on 3 September 2010.
5941:disposition, i.e. heterogeneous parts.
5592:
5423:. This movement received impetus from
5139:. But as this theory is attributed to
3514:in it by way of a certain assimilation
3457:held and practiced the principle that
3031:school which arose as a legacy of the
1745:The Apotheosis of Saint Thomas Aquinas
99:Please improve this article by adding
13732:
12928:
12868:International Council of Universities
12599:
12261:
11003:
10541:
10503:
10326:from the original on 29 November 2010
10183:
9816:from the original on 29 November 2010
9714:from the original on 29 November 2010
9533:
9359:from the original on 26 November 2011
8647:authoritatively on the definition of
8495:from the original on 10 November 2011
8465:from the original on 10 November 2011
8315:from the original on 28 November 2011
8225:from the original on 15 November 2011
8151:from the original on 13 November 2011
8121:from the original on 13 November 2011
7841:from the original on 23 November 2011
7771:from the original on 28 November 2011
7590:from the original on 21 November 2011
7410:from the original on 20 November 2011
7218:from the original on 15 November 2011
6852:from the original on 27 November 2011
6826:from the original on 19 November 2011
6753:
6751:
6684:from the original on 26 November 2009
6635:from the original on 19 December 2011
6578:from the original on 26 November 2009
6521:from the original on 26 November 2009
6491:from the original on 26 November 2009
6414:from the original on 26 November 2009
6345:from the original on 28 February 2009
5780:
5114:Aquinas did not disdain to draw upon
4947:. Early opponents of Aquinas include
3813:Aristotle categorized causality into
3737:). Substances are things which exist
3477:philosophers. Specifically, he was a
14117:Philosophical schools and traditions
10290:"A Brief Overview of Lublin Thomism"
10097:
10026:(1952). "The Mystery of New Being".
9986:. St.Augustin: Academia, 2011, 61–79
9654:from the original on 8 December 2015
9631:from the original on 17 January 2015
9389:from the original on 9 November 2011
9097:from the original on 2 November 2011
9057:"St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on
9037:from the original on 2 November 2011
9007:from the original on 2 November 2011
8815:from the original on 9 November 2011
8785:from the original on 9 November 2011
8685:from the original on 9 November 2011
8615:from the original on 9 November 2011
8585:from the original on 2 November 2011
8525:from the original on 3 November 2011
8435:from the original on 9 November 2011
8405:from the original on 9 November 2011
8375:from the original on 9 November 2011
8345:from the original on 4 December 2011
8285:from the original on 9 November 2011
8255:from the original on 9 November 2011
8091:from the original on 9 November 2011
7963:from the original on 19 January 2012
7798:Summa Contra Gentiles III, chap. 17.
7741:from the original on 9 November 2011
7711:from the original on 9 November 2011
7681:from the original on 9 November 2011
7623:from the original on 9 November 2011
7560:from the original on 9 November 2011
7530:from the original on 9 November 2011
7500:from the original on 9 November 2011
7470:from the original on 9 November 2011
7440:from the original on 9 November 2011
7380:from the original on 9 November 2011
7350:from the original on 9 November 2011
7159:from the original on 9 November 2011
7129:from the original on 4 December 2011
6981:from the original on 4 December 2011
6951:from the original on 9 November 2011
6908:from the original on 5 November 2011
6796:from the original on 5 November 2011
6647:
6548:from the original on 11 October 2011
6293:from the original on 4 December 2011
5503:Being and Some 20th Century Thomists
4197:(that is, not separated into parts;
3714:which may or may not exist; whereas
174:
72:
31:
9870:from the original on 4 October 2013
9843:from the original on 4 October 2013
9767:
9067:from the original on 7 January 2010
8977:from the original on 7 January 2010
8947:from the original on 6 January 2012
8046:from the original on 9 January 2012
8012:St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on
7993:from the original on 9 January 2012
7929:St. Thomas Aquinas's commentary on
7789:Summa Theologiae I, Q. 12, art. 12.
7096:from the original on 7 October 2011
7066:from the original on 1 October 2011
7011:from the original on 1 October 2011
6207:from the original on 31 August 2009
6040:, Luther criticized the use of the
5553:, Sofia Vanni Rovighi (1908–1990),
5224:
5102:, in a 2008 article in the journal
4017:
3894:), otherwise the series collapses:
24:
12656:Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate
12625:
10415:
10320:"The Thomistic tradition, Part II"
10250:from the original on 4 April 2009.
10159:from the original on 4 April 2009.
9959:from the original on 13 March 2013
9708:"The Thomistic tradition (Part 1)"
9320:"Looking Back at "Humani Generis""
8917:from the original on 24 April 2009
7657:"God is happiness by His Essence."
7248:from the original on 28 April 2013
6748:
6736:from the original on 24 April 2009
6037:Against Henry, King of the English
5800:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
5741:, which derives its name from the
5600:(1884–1978), the key proponent of
5493:Recent schools and interpretations
4970:, the ill-fated Richard Knapwell,
4839:, Aquinas quotes Aristotle in the
4205:in three persons). Further, He is
3787:transcendental properties of being
3524:Aquinas says that the fundamental
3107:
1668:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
523:Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate
25:
14153:
10479:
10189:"William Wallace, OP (1918-2015)"
9810:"The Thomistic tradition, Part I"
9706:Feser, Edward (15 October 2009).
9542:. Oxford 2012. pp. 511–532.
9116:W Julian Korab-Karpowicz (2015).
7185:from the original on 31 July 2011
6820:, Bk. V, 1015a 20-1015b 15, §840"
6266:is only a quote from Aristotle's
5733:
5163:
5153:, where those reasons are given.
4747:must have previously been in the
4381:); (4) the "locomotive" faculty (
4369:): (1) the "vegetative" faculty (
4316:In addition to agreeing with the
3754:pinpoints Aquinas' definition of
47:This article has multiple issues.
14069:
13983:State church of the Roman Empire
13961:
13711:
13699:
13593:Stratification of emotional life
13042:
13036:
13030:
12907:
12693:
12579:
12578:
12565:
10474:commentary by P. Lumbreras, O.P.
10400:
10368:
10338:
10219:
10202:
10177:
10164:
10119:
10091:
10040:
10016:
9995:Gilson wrote about the topic of
9989:
9980:Studies in East European Thought
9972:
9910:
9883:
9856:
9829:
9751:
9726:
9671:
9617:
9598:
9527:
9488:
9476:
9449:
9431:
9401:
9371:
9340:
9312:
9301:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
9271:
9260:
9251:
9238:
9214:
9203:
9178:
9167:
9134:
9109:
9079:
9049:
9019:
8989:
8971:, Bk. II, Chp. V, 417b18–418a25"
8959:
7268:Catechism of the Catholic Church
6099:
6085:
5773:nature as this would constitute
5374:in Rome, published a six volume
4530:view that happiness consists in
3404:
3392:
2974:
2962:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1929:
1863:
1851:
1843:
1733:St Dominic and St Thomas Aquinas
283:
258:
179:
77:
36:
14112:Christian theological movements
12876:Triumph of Saint Thomas Aquinas
12853:List of works by Thomas Aquinas
9415:. Newadvent.org. Archived from
9325:Homiletic & Pastoral Review
8929:
8899:
8887:from the original on 3 May 2009
8869:
8857:
8845:from the original on 7 May 2017
8827:
8797:
8767:
8741:
8719:
8697:
8667:
8627:
8597:
8567:
8555:from the original on 3 May 2009
8537:
8507:
8477:
8447:
8417:
8387:
8357:
8327:
8297:
8267:
8237:
8207:
8185:
8163:
8133:
8103:
8073:
8058:
8028:
8005:
7975:
7945:
7922:
7895:
7853:
7823:
7801:
7792:
7783:
7753:
7723:
7693:
7617:, I, Q.14, arts. 5, 6, & 9"
7572:
7542:
7512:
7482:
7452:
7422:
7392:
7362:
7332:
7310:
7284:
7260:
7230:
7171:
7141:
7078:
7048:
7023:
6993:
6963:
6933:
6920:
6890:
6864:
6838:
6808:
6718:
6696:
6666:
6617:
6590:
6560:
6534:
6503:
6473:
6116:List of works by Thomas Aquinas
6058:A History of Western Philosophy
5216:Meditations on First Philosophy
5185:Meditations on First Philosophy
5077:, which seemed, in the eyes of
4776:, which says that something is
4737:
4721:which makes them accept, while
4298:
4122:could only be obtained through
1766:Triumph of Saint Thomas Aquinas
55:or discuss these issues on the
14107:Catholic theology and doctrine
12821:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
10529:
9578:Sharon M. Leon (5 June 2013).
8779:, II-I, Q.98, art.1 & 4–5"
6426:
6357:
6327:
6305:
6275:
6242:
6220:
6193:
6176:Thomistic sacramental theology
5110:Connection with Jewish thought
4893:Triumph of St Thomas Aquinas,
4774:correspondence theory of truth
4169:. God is the sole being whose
4154:
4028:Thomas Aquinas holds that the
3551:
3534:principle of non-contradiction
3519:
1673:The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas
1602:Canonization of Thomas Aquinas
13:
1:
12262:
10292:. Hyoomik.com. Archived from
10258:; Raymond James Long (1991).
8489:, II-I, Q.18, art.3 & 10"
6544:. Newadvent.org. 1 May 1909.
6187:
5945:
5835:24 Thomistic theses of Pius X
5743:Catholic University of Lublin
5509:as well as in the writing of
5484:took place from 1962 to 1965
5080:Homiletic and Pastoral Review
4854:would later be classified as
4673:and is meant for all humans.
4328:of man. For instance, as the
3043:philosopher, theologian, and
1916:
101:secondary or tertiary sources
12051:Ordinary language philosophy
10542:
8519:, II-I, Q.19, art.1 & 2"
7181:. Usccb.org. 13 March 2011.
6161:Rule according to higher law
6029:
5914:
5826:(1919–2001) and her husband
5501:(2002), by Battista Mondin,
5344:1325 to the Council of Trent
5118:sources. His main work, the
4676:
3872:, what a being's purpose is.
3858:, what a being's essence is.
3808:
3614:" that Aquinas gives is the
7:
13185:Theological intellectualism
12101:Contemporary utilitarianism
12016:Internalism and externalism
10458:Modern Thomistic Philosophy
10434:Garrigou-Lagrange, Réginald
10365:is available gratis online.
10136:" contains an excerpt from
10057:Anglican Theological Review
10029:Anglican Theological Review
9534:Upham, Christopher (2012).
9443:The Guide for the Perplexed
9224:. BRILL. 1997. p. 48.
6078:
6046:Thomist form of disputation
5850:
5172:, which was inaugurated by
4646:specifically given through
4239:(Latin: "pure actuality").
3946:
3449:
3190:Libri Quattuor Sententiarum
1822:Saint Thomas Aquinas Church
1752:The Vision of Fray Lauterio
1739:San Pietro Martire Triptych
205:the claims made and adding
10:
14158:
13563:Principle of double effect
12800:Principle of double effect
11365:Svatantrika and Prasangika
11004:
10428:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
9536:"The Influence of Aquinas"
9495:A Short History of Thomism
9145:A Short History of Thomism
7303:and elsewhere, though the
7123:, I., Q.6., art.2 & 3"
6051:Thomism was criticized by
5993:
5949:
5918:
5854:
5784:
5551:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
5520:
5471:Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange
5388:
5285:
4616:
4567:principle of double effect
4320:definition of man as "the
4158:
4082:Argumentum ex contingentia
4021:
3637:
3555:
2017:Principle of Double Effect
1858:Catholic Church portal
418:Principle of double effect
14064:Eastern Catholic Churches
14058:
14030:
13970:
13959:
13941:
13923:
13900:
13877:
13822:
13803:
13792:
13766:
13694:
13633:
13430:
13207:
13177:
13139:
13096:
13058:
13051:
13028:
12962:
12902:
12847:Thomas Aquinas Dictionary
12813:
12778:
12702:
12691:
12633:
12559:
12511:
12411:
12373:
12320:
12287:
12278:
12274:
12257:
12207:
12119:
11957:
11948:
11881:
11664:
11655:
11633:
11588:
11530:
11482:
11436:
11427:
11390:
11261:
11126:
11073:
11064:
11014:
11010:
10999:
10938:
10910:
10867:
10819:
10776:
10729:
10701:
10653:
10625:
10587:Philosophy of mathematics
10577:Philosophy of information
10552:
10548:
10537:
10491:– Aquina's complete works
10216:. Accessed 2020 April 29.
10174:(2005), New York: Oxford.
9918:Vita quaerens intellectum
9185:Hinson, E. Glenn (1995).
9120:. Routledge. p. 95.
8021:24 September 2015 at the
7933:, Bk. I, 402a1–403b2, §1.
7278:26 September 2009 at the
6711:16 September 2009 at the
6069:and by supporters of the
5878:composition with potency.
5874:and intrinsic principles.
5806:founded by thinkers like
5727:transcendental philosophy
5539:strict observance Thomism
4939:opposed the ideas of the
4869:
4683:there is no contradiction
4671:replaces the Old Covenant
4550:to determine an action's
4416:
4405:The Catholic Encyclopedia
4086:argument from contingency
4073:, or the argument of the
4062:, or the argument of the
3785:All real things have the
3751:The Catholic Encyclopedia
3499:commentaries on Aristotle
3497:. He wrote comprehensive
1678:Thomas Aquinas Dictionary
512:Commentaries on Aristotle
14022:History of Protestantism
12892:Temptation of St. Thomas
12763:Verbum supernum prodiens
12649:De regno, ad regem Cypri
12642:Contra Errores Graecorum
10495:Bibliographia Thomistica
9664:Accessed 7 August 2015;
9643:Roselli, Salvatore Maria
9295:Kennedy, Daniel (1912).
8881:, Q.2, art.3, answer 19"
7910:26 November 2009 at the
7868:26 November 2009 at the
7816:28 February 2009 at the
7298:26 November 2009 at the
7005:, Bk. I, Chp. I, 1094a4"
6441:26 November 2009 at the
6320:26 November 2009 at the
6217:Accessed 25 October 2012
5747:phenomenological Thomism
4921:Faculty of Arts at Paris
4658:Aquinas argues that the
4445:Aquinas ascertained the
4146:Aquinas responds to the
3979:, or "lack of good", as
3633:
3622:definition of "man" is "
3504:He also adhered to some
3367:Protestant scholasticism
1759:Temptation of St. Thomas
588:Verbum supernum prodiens
518:De regno, ad regem Cypri
506:Contra Errores Graecorum
14076:Christianity portal
14017:Independent Catholicism
13925:Independent Catholicism
13190:Theological voluntarism
12858:Institutional namesakes
12056:Postanalytic philosophy
11997:Experimental philosophy
9853:Accessed 17 August 2013
9764:Accessed 30 August 2013
9740:, and Martin J. Healy,
9696:Accessed 30 August 2013
9614:Accessed 30 August 2013
8735:27 October 2014 at the
8643:29 October 2009 at the
8200:21 October 2012 at the
8178:21 October 2012 at the
8145:, II-I, Q. 109, art.10"
6605:19 January 2012 at the
6466:9 November 2011 at the
6258:29 October 2009 at the
5414:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
5179:Discourse on the Method
5150:Guide for the Perplexed
4901:Before Aquinas' death,
4496:Roman Catholic theology
4355:
4268:) and others revealed (
3610:Further, the usage of "
3379:Protoscholastic writing
3303:("Doctor Scholasticus")
3261:("Doctor Invincibilis")
2133:Theological determinism
1613:Congregatio de Auxiliis
14011:Protestant Reformation
13949:Western Rite Orthodoxy
13785:Protestant Reformation
13775:that developed in the
13706:Catholicism portal
12914:Catholicism portal
12805:View on the Sacraments
12189:Social constructionism
11201:Hellenistic philosophy
10617:Theoretical philosophy
10592:Philosophy of religion
10582:Philosophy of language
10382:10 August 2007 at the
10214:http://maritain.nd.edu
9969:Accessed 15 March 2013
9826:Accessed 27 March 2013
9510:Early Thomistic school
8067:The Recovery of Virtue
7325:7 October 2011 at the
7042:9 January 2010 at the
5989:
5704:transcendental Thomism
5698:Transcendental Thomism
5651:River Forest, Illinois
5532:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
5528:Neo-Scholastic Thomism
5517:Neo-Scholastic Thomism
5482:Second Vatican Council
5403:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
5331:First Thomistic School
5301:
5283:
5222:
5157:Scholarly perspectives
5075:Second Vatican Council
4898:
4852:epistemological theory
4766:
4710:
4612:
4610:
4595:just cause is required
4443:
4411:
4313:
4189:), He cannot have any
4144:
4004:
3921:
3882:, who thought that an
3842:
3678:
3538:principle of causality
3411:Catholicism portal
3279:("Doctor Universalis")
3112:
3086:
2969:Catholicism portal
2321:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
2185:Christian Neoplatonism
1923:
1731:Madonna and Child with
88:relies excessively on
14132:Christian terminology
13718:Philosophy portal
13533:Infused righteousness
12863:Pontifical University
12684:Summa contra Gentiles
12572:Philosophy portal
12091:Scientific skepticism
12071:Reformed epistemology
10597:Philosophy of science
10376:Postquam sanctissimus
9939:Accessed 5 Sept. 2013
9907:Accessed 5 Sept. 2013
9880:Accessed 9 April 2013
9304:Catholic Encyclopedia
9149:. CUA Press. p.
8839:, II-I, Q.106, art.4"
8809:, II-I, Q.107, art.2"
8609:, II-I, Q.93, art. 1"
8309:, II-I, Q.34., art.2"
8219:, supp., Q.93, art.1"
8115:, II-I, Q.109, art.2"
8065:Porter, Jean (1994).
7809:Summa contra Gentiles
7653:12 March 2013 at the
7318:Summa Contra Gentiles
7088:Summa Contra Gentiles
7060:, Bk. I, Lec. I, §10"
6874:Summa contra Gentiles
6766:28 April 2013 at the
6337:Summa contra Gentiles
6007:. But we do prove it
5841:Postquam sanctissimus
5579:Cracow Circle Thomism
5574:Cracow Circle Thomism
5296:
5235:
5206:
4892:
4741:
4695:
4606:, II-II, Q.40, art.1.
4591:
4427:
4363:
4306:
4291:of material things."
4159:Further information:
4128:
4108:teleological argument
3985:
3896:
3825:
3729:), and that which is
3643:
3556:Further information:
3399:Philosophy portal
3373:Problem of universals
3291:("Doctor Seraphicus")
3111:
3081:
2981:Philosophy portal
1911:
1870:Philosophy portal
1708:Charles Bridge statue
501:Summa contra Gentiles
362:Correspondence theory
14142:Western Christianity
14127:Christian philosophy
14005:Bohemian Reformation
13781:Western Roman Empire
13773:Christian traditions
13760:Western Christianity
13666:Doctor of the Church
13548:Ontological argument
12727:Ecce panis angelorum
11992:Critical rationalism
11699:Edo neo-Confucianism
11543:Acintya bheda abheda
11522:Renaissance humanism
11233:School of the Sextii
10607:Practical philosophy
10602:Political philosophy
10361:4 April 2016 at the
10001:chapter of his book
9929:on 28 September 2013
9686:on 27 September 2013
9463:on 27 September 2013
8707:, II-I, Q.91, art.4.
8679:, II-I, Q.95, art.1"
8656:, II-I, Q.91, art.2.
8579:, II-I, Q.90, art.4"
8429:, II-I, Q.24, art.4"
8399:, II-I, Q.24, art.1"
8369:, II-I, Q.24, art.2"
8279:, II-I, Q.22, art.3"
8085:, II-I, Q.62, art.2"
7938:4 April 2010 at the
7153:, II-I, Q.26, art.4"
6973:De aeternitate mundi
6704:De Principiis Naturæ
6235:5 April 2023 at the
5804:analytical tradition
5688:Aristotelian Thomism
5665:, preferably called
5647:River Forest Thomism
5641:River Forest Thomism
5563:Giovanni Ventimiglia
5360:Council of Trent to
5354:Denis the Carthusian
5116:Jewish philosophical
5015:Francisco de Vitoria
4897:,1471. Louvre, Paris
4862:cannot be made from
4743:"Whatever is in our
4681:Aquinas argues that
4583:Christian philosophy
4569:, formulated in the
4439:, I-II, Q.55, art.3.
4097:argument from degree
3672:De Principiis Naturæ
3295:Anselm of Canterbury
3249:("Doctor Angelicus")
3229:John Scotus Eriugena
3045:Doctor of the Church
2217:Second scholasticism
1807:Doctor of the Church
14043:Protestant theology
13902:Old Catholic Church
13787:in the 16th century
13493:Divine illumination
13149:Augustinian realism
13017:Theological virtues
12956:Catholic philosophy
12717:Creator ineffabilis
11563:Nimbarka Sampradaya
11474:Korean Confucianism
11221:Academic Skepticism
10393:5 June 2011 at the
10350:26 May 2011 at the
10318:(18 October 2009).
10132:5 June 2011 at the
10098:Reynolds, Stephen.
10009:5 June 2011 at the
9953:"The Cracow Circle"
9808:(15 October 2009).
9610:17 May 2014 at the
9419:on 22 February 2007
9063:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8973:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8913:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8883:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8751:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8712:4 July 2007 at the
8661:4 July 2007 at the
8551:. Op-stjoseph.org.
8339:, II-I, Q.2, art.6"
8249:, II-I, Q.5, art.5"
8195:, II-I, Q.5, art.1.
8173:, II-I, Q.5, art.3.
8040:, II-I, Q.3, art.1"
7987:, II-I, Q.3, art.2"
7903:De Ente et Essentia
7861:De Ente et Essentia
7648:, II-I, Q.3, art.1.
7293:De Ente et Essentia
6902:, II-I, Q.1, art.4"
6732:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6680:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6676:De Ente et Essentia
6627:De Ente et Essentia
6574:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6570:De Ente et Essentia
6517:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6513:De Ente et Essentia
6487:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6483:De Ente et Essentia
6434:De Ente et Essentia
6410:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6406:De Ente et Essentia
6341:. Op-stjoseph.org.
6313:De Ente et Essentia
6201:"Doctoris Angelici"
6181:Thomistic Institute
6171:School of Salamanca
6063:Catholic modernists
6015:separated intellect
5861:Non-physical entity
5820:Ludwig Wittgenstein
5759:ethical personalism
5683:University of Laval
5602:existential Thomism
5593:Existential Thomism
5421:Gaetano Sanseverino
5002:and his adherents.
4984:Bernard of Auvergne
4972:William Macclesfeld
4915:and a plurality of
4494:In accordance with
4467:theological virtues
4395:forma substantialis
4285:figurative language
4252:transcendent source
4173:is the same as His
4093:Argumentum ex gradu
4012:John the Evangelist
3961:, Aquinas defines "
3917:, II-I, Q.1, art.4.
3297:("Doctor Marianus")
3273:("The Commentator")
3255:("Doctor Subtilis")
2047:Liberation Theology
1948:Catholic philosophy
1797:School of Salamanca
658:St. Albertus Magnus
553:Creator ineffabilis
424:Aristotelian ethics
13978:Early Christianity
13887:Anglican Communion
13661:Islamic philosophy
13615:Trademark argument
13508:Formal distinction
13458:Augustinian values
13131:Analytical Thomism
13111:Christian humanism
12841:Analytical Thomism
12768:O salutaris hostia
12734:O sacrum convivium
12184:Post-structuralism
12086:Scientific realism
12041:Quinean naturalism
12021:Logical positivism
11977:Analytical Marxism
11196:Peripatetic school
11108:Chinese naturalism
10635:Aesthetic response
10562:Applied philosophy
10489:Corpus Thomisticum
10105:Project Canterbury
9413:, I, Q.46., art.1"
9328:. 24 December 2013
8728:Veritatis splendor
8014:Nicomachean Ethics
7765:, I., Q.10, art.2"
7675:, I, Q.14, art. 4"
7584:, I., Q.25, art.3"
7494:, I, Q.13, art. 7"
7464:, I, Q.13, art. 6"
7434:, I, Q.13, art. 1"
7404:, I, Q.13, art.11"
7058:Nicomachean Ethics
7030:Augustine of Hippo
7003:Nicomachean Ethics
6156:Alasdair MacIntyre
6093:Catholicism portal
6072:Nouvelle théologie
6042:proof by assertion
5824:Elizabeth Anscombe
5792:Analytical Thomism
5787:Analytical Thomism
5781:Analytical Thomism
5706:, associated with
5671:Charles De Koninck
5631:Eugene Fairweather
5446:John of St. Thomas
5376:Summa philosophica
5350:Albert the Great's
5278:St. Thomas Aquinas
5023:John of St. Thomas
4998:, particularly in
4949:William de la Mare
4899:
4801:into three parts:
4706:, I., Q.83, art.1.
4585:, the doctrine of
4338:specific qualities
4314:
4104:Argumentum ex fine
4060:Argumentum ex motu
3981:Augustine of Hippo
3954:Nicomachean Ethics
3868:(d) refers to the
3861:(c) refers to the
3854:(b) refers to the
3847:(a) refers to the
3558:Univocity of being
3347:Islamic philosophy
3267:("Doctor Eximius")
3209:Augustine of Hippo
3113:
2326:Gregory (of Nyssa)
2054:Christian Humanism
1924:
1725:Fiesole Altarpiece
1638:Analytical Thomism
672:Classical Thomists
593:O salutaris hostia
563:O sacrum convivium
467:Intrinsic finality
309:Apophatic theology
190:possibly contains
14084:
14083:
14048:Anglican theology
14038:Catholic theology
13957:
13956:
13915:Union of Scranton
13892:Anglo-Catholicism
13726:
13725:
13641:Catholic theology
13588:Seven deadly sins
13558:Peripatetic axiom
13468:Cartesian dualism
13203:
13202:
13169:Scotistic realism
13126:Neo-scholasticism
12922:
12921:
12836:Neo-scholasticism
12593:
12592:
12555:
12554:
12551:
12550:
12547:
12546:
12253:
12252:
12249:
12248:
12245:
12244:
11972:Analytic feminism
11944:
11943:
11906:Kierkegaardianism
11868:Transcendentalism
11828:Neo-scholasticism
11674:Classical Realism
11651:
11650:
11423:
11422:
11238:Neopythagoreanism
10995:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10612:Social philosophy
10048:Crouse, Robert D.
10024:Fairweather, E.R.
9591:978-0-226-03898-8
9385:. Newadvent.org.
9383:, I, Q.3, art. 7"
9093:. Newadvent.org.
9091:, I, Q.84, art.8"
9033:. Newadvent.org.
9031:, I, Q.84, art.7"
9003:. Newadvent.org.
9001:, I, Q.84, art.1"
8943:. Newadvent.org.
8941:, I, Q.16, art.6"
8841:. Newadvent.org.
8811:. Newadvent.org.
8781:. Newadvent.org.
8681:. Newadvent.org.
8611:. Newadvent.org.
8581:. Newadvent.org.
8521:. Newadvent.org.
8491:. Newadvent.org.
8461:. Newadvent.org.
8431:. Newadvent.org.
8401:. Newadvent.org.
8371:. Newadvent.org.
8341:. Newadvent.org.
8311:. Newadvent.org.
8281:. Newadvent.org.
8251:. Newadvent.org.
8221:. Newadvent.org.
8147:. Newadvent.org.
8117:. Newadvent.org.
8087:. Newadvent.org.
8042:. Newadvent.org.
7989:. Newadvent.org.
7959:. Newadvent.org.
7957:, I, Q.75, art.6"
7837:. Newadvent.org.
7811:, Bk. I, chp. 30.
7767:. Newadvent.org.
7737:. Newadvent.org.
7707:. Newadvent.org.
7677:. Newadvent.org.
7619:. Newadvent.org.
7586:. Newadvent.org.
7556:. Newadvent.org.
7526:. Newadvent.org.
7496:. Newadvent.org.
7466:. Newadvent.org.
7436:. Newadvent.org.
7406:. Newadvent.org.
7376:. Newadvent.org.
7346:. Newadvent.org.
7344:, I, Q.49, art.2"
7244:. Newadvent.org.
7214:. Newadvent.org.
7212:, I, Q.20, art.1"
7155:. Newadvent.org.
7125:. Newadvent.org.
7092:. Dhspriory.org.
7062:. Dhspriory.org.
7007:. Dhspriory.org.
6977:. Dhspriory.org.
6947:. Newadvent.org.
6945:, I, Q.46, art.2"
6904:. Newadvent.org.
6848:. Dhspriory.org.
6822:. Dhspriory.org.
6792:. Newadvent.org.
6790:, I, Q.44, art.1"
6631:. Dhspriory.org.
6600:, I, Q.75, art.5.
6386:978-0-8010-5815-8
6289:. Newadvent.org.
6230:, I, Q.85, art.2.
6126:Catholic theology
6107:Philosophy portal
5958:of the composite.
5843:of 27 July 1914,
5659:epistemologically
5635:John F. X. Knasas
5523:Neo-scholasticism
5507:John F. X. Knasas
5391:Neo-Scholasticism
5194:mind–body dualism
5007:Giovanni Capreolo
5000:William of Ockham
4976:Giles of Lessines
4925:condemned in 1277
4917:substantial forms
4761:peripatetic axiom
4644:moral imperatives
4193:, and He must be
4000:, I, Q.48, art.1.
3540:. Therefore, any
3447:
3446:
3362:Neo-scholasticism
3342:Catholic theology
3259:William of Ockham
3073:Doctoris Angelici
3062:medieval theology
3039:(1225–1274), the
3018:
3017:
2951:
2950:
2836:Garrigou-Lagrange
2145:Divine Attributes
1906:
1905:
1802:Catholic theology
1663:Index Thomisticus
1619:Neo-scholasticism
1327:Garrigou-Lagrange
541:Hymns and prayers
412:Peripatetic axiom
319:Divine simplicity
253:
252:
245:
235:
234:
227:
192:original research
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
14149:
14074:
14073:
13993:East–West Schism
13965:
13910:Union of Utrecht
13801:
13800:
13753:
13746:
13739:
13730:
13729:
13716:
13715:
13714:
13704:
13703:
13528:Homo unius libri
13473:Cogito, ergo sum
13463:Cardinal virtues
13164:Moderate realism
13056:
13055:
13046:
13045:
13040:
13039:
13034:
13033:
12972:Cardinal virtues
12949:
12942:
12935:
12926:
12925:
12912:
12911:
12794:Homo unius libri
12751:Sacris solemniis
12697:
12663:Summa Theologiae
12620:
12613:
12606:
12597:
12596:
12582:
12581:
12570:
12569:
12568:
12285:
12284:
12276:
12275:
12259:
12258:
12149:Frankfurt School
12096:Transactionalism
12046:Normative ethics
12026:Legal positivism
12002:Falsificationism
11987:Consequentialism
11982:Communitarianism
11955:
11954:
11823:New Confucianism
11662:
11661:
11469:Neo-Confucianism
11434:
11433:
11243:Second Sophistic
11228:Middle Platonism
11071:
11070:
11012:
11011:
11001:
11000:
10844:Epiphenomenalism
10711:Consequentialism
10645:Institutionalism
10550:
10549:
10539:
10538:
10524:
10517:
10510:
10501:
10500:
10487:
10453:
10410:
10404:
10398:
10372:
10366:
10345:The introduction
10342:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10312:
10306:
10305:
10303:
10301:
10296:on 10 March 2012
10286:
10280:
10277:
10251:
10223:
10217:
10210:Jacques Maritain
10206:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10187:(2 March 2015).
10181:
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10112:
10095:
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10084:
10044:
10038:
10037:
10020:
10014:
9997:faith and reason
9993:
9987:
9976:
9970:
9968:
9966:
9964:
9949:
9940:
9938:
9936:
9934:
9925:. Archived from
9914:
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9902:
9887:
9881:
9879:
9877:
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9860:
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9749:
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9724:
9723:
9721:
9719:
9703:
9697:
9695:
9693:
9691:
9682:. Archived from
9675:
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9661:
9659:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9621:
9615:
9602:
9596:
9595:
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9569:
9568:
9566:
9564:
9540:Oxford Handbooks
9531:
9525:
9524:
9513:. Priory Press.
9504:
9498:
9492:
9486:
9480:
9474:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9459:. Archived from
9453:
9447:
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9405:
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8096:
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8071:
8070:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8032:
8026:
8016:, Lec. 10, §130.
8009:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7998:
7979:
7973:
7972:
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7968:
7949:
7943:
7926:
7920:
7899:
7893:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7835:, I, Q.1, art.9"
7827:
7821:
7805:
7799:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7757:
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7750:
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7445:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7374:, I, Q.3, art.4"
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7336:
7330:
7320:, Bk. III, Q.10.
7314:
7308:
7288:
7282:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
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6958:
6956:
6937:
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6913:
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6835:
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6831:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6782:
6771:
6761:, I, Q.2, art.3.
6755:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6722:
6716:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6670:
6664:
6654:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6621:
6615:
6612:to be what it is
6594:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6564:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6507:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6477:
6471:
6461:, I, Q.3, art.4.
6455:
6446:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6400:
6391:
6390:
6374:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6331:
6325:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6287:, I, Q.6, art.4"
6279:
6273:
6246:
6240:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6197:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6095:
6090:
6089:
6053:Bertrand Russell
5839:With the decree
5812:Bertrand Russell
5761:of writers like
5751:phenomenological
5716:Bernard Lonergan
5655:natural sciences
5615:Jacques Maritain
5325:Council of Trent
5281:
5231:G. K. Chesterton
5225:G. K. Chesterton
5220:
5121:Summa Theologica
5039:Francisco Suárez
4988:Thomas of Sutton
4937:Franciscan Order
4874:Aquinas shifted
4836:Summa Theologica
4764:
4708:
4608:
4560:consequentialist
4556:deontologicalist
4447:cardinal virtues
4441:
4409:
4350:substantial form
4281:sacred scripture
4265:Deus absconditus
4142:
4140:, I, Q.2, art.2.
4116:sacred mysteries
4047:Summa Theologica
4030:existence of God
4018:Existence of God
4002:
3938:, held that the
3919:
3884:infinite regress
3840:
3801:and therefore a
3772:substantial form
3676:
3600:informal fallacy
3493:terminology and
3439:
3432:
3425:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3337:Franciscan Order
3265:Francisco Suárez
3169:Summa Grammatica
3155:Summa Theologica
3088:
3087:
3057:Summa Theologica
3010:
3003:
2996:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2356:John of Damascus
2264:
2263:
2094:Moderate realism
2002:Cardinal virtues
1974:
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1969:
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1918:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1868:
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1866:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1713:Cortona Triptych
1357:von Donnersmarck
623:Pseudo-Dionysius
578:Sacris solemniis
514:
489:Summa Theologica
419:
388:
387:Substantial form
374:Substance theory
287:
262:
255:
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183:
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40:
39:
32:
21:
14157:
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14146:
14102:Aristotelianism
14087:
14086:
14085:
14080:
14068:
14054:
14026:
13966:
13953:
13937:
13919:
13896:
13873:
13818:
13805:Catholic Church
13795:
13788:
13769:Cultural sphere
13762:
13757:
13727:
13722:
13712:
13710:
13698:
13690:
13651:Aristotelianism
13629:
13478:Dehellenization
13426:
13199:
13195:Foundationalism
13173:
13135:
13092:
13047:
13043:
13041:
13037:
13035:
13031:
13026:
13012:Social teaching
12958:
12953:
12923:
12918:
12906:
12898:
12895:(1632 painting)
12887:(1631 painting)
12879:(1323 painting)
12809:
12774:
12756:Panis angelicus
12712:Adoro te devote
12704:
12698:
12689:
12675:Treatise on Law
12629:
12624:
12594:
12589:
12566:
12564:
12543:
12507:
12407:
12369:
12316:
12270:
12269:
12241:
12230:Russian cosmism
12203:
12199:Western Marxism
12164:New Historicism
12129:Critical theory
12115:
12111:Wittgensteinian
12007:Foundationalism
11940:
11877:
11858:Social contract
11714:Foundationalism
11647:
11629:
11613:Illuminationism
11598:Aristotelianism
11584:
11573:Vishishtadvaita
11526:
11478:
11419:
11386:
11257:
11186:Megarian school
11181:Eretrian school
11122:
11083:Agriculturalism
11060:
11006:
10987:
10934:
10906:
10863:
10815:
10772:
10756:Incompatibilism
10725:
10697:
10649:
10621:
10544:
10533:
10528:
10485:
10482:
10450:
10418:
10416:Further reading
10413:
10405:
10401:
10395:Wayback Machine
10384:Wayback Machine
10373:
10369:
10363:Wayback Machine
10352:Wayback Machine
10343:
10339:
10329:
10327:
10313:
10309:
10299:
10297:
10288:
10287:
10283:
10274:
10256:Benedict Ashley
10230:Benedict Ashley
10224:
10220:
10207:
10203:
10193:
10191:
10182:
10178:
10169:
10165:
10139:Benedict Ashley
10134:Wayback Machine
10124:
10120:
10110:
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10092:
10082:
10080:
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10011:Wayback Machine
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9704:
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9689:
9687:
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9646:
9634:
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9612:Wayback Machine
9603:
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9407:
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9377:
9376:
9372:
9362:
9360:
9345:
9341:
9331:
9329:
9318:
9317:
9313:
9298:"Thomism"
9293:
9286:
9276:
9272:
9265:
9261:
9256:
9252:
9243:
9239:
9232:
9220:
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9215:
9208:
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9197:
9183:
9179:
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9139:
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9098:
9085:
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9070:
9068:
9055:
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9038:
9025:
9024:
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9010:
9008:
8995:
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8950:
8948:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8918:
8911:, Q. 1, art. 3"
8905:
8904:
8900:
8890:
8888:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8862:
8858:
8848:
8846:
8833:
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8828:
8818:
8816:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8788:
8786:
8773:
8772:
8768:
8758:
8756:
8747:
8746:
8742:
8737:Wayback Machine
8724:
8720:
8714:Wayback Machine
8702:
8698:
8688:
8686:
8673:
8672:
8668:
8663:Wayback Machine
8645:Wayback Machine
8632:
8628:
8618:
8616:
8603:
8602:
8598:
8588:
8586:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8558:
8556:
8549:, Q. 23, art.7"
8543:
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8483:
8482:
8478:
8468:
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8408:
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8393:
8392:
8388:
8378:
8376:
8363:
8362:
8358:
8348:
8346:
8333:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8288:
8286:
8273:
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8228:
8226:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8202:Wayback Machine
8190:
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8180:Wayback Machine
8168:
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8094:
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8063:
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8049:
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8029:
8023:Wayback Machine
8010:
8006:
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7994:
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7976:
7966:
7964:
7951:
7950:
7946:
7940:Wayback Machine
7927:
7923:
7912:Wayback Machine
7900:
7896:
7878:the Commentator
7870:Wayback Machine
7858:
7854:
7844:
7842:
7829:
7828:
7824:
7818:Wayback Machine
7806:
7802:
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7684:
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7655:Wayback Machine
7643:
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7483:
7473:
7471:
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7453:
7443:
7441:
7428:
7427:
7423:
7413:
7411:
7398:
7397:
7393:
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7381:
7368:
7367:
7363:
7353:
7351:
7338:
7337:
7333:
7327:Wayback Machine
7315:
7311:
7300:Wayback Machine
7289:
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7280:Wayback Machine
7265:
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7198:
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7177:
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7142:
7132:
7130:
7117:
7116:
7109:
7099:
7097:
7084:
7083:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7044:Wayback Machine
7028:
7024:
7014:
7012:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6984:
6982:
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6964:
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6952:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6909:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6870:
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6865:
6855:
6853:
6844:
6843:
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6827:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6799:
6797:
6784:
6783:
6774:
6768:Wayback Machine
6756:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6724:
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6713:Wayback Machine
6701:
6697:
6687:
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6655:
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6638:
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6623:
6622:
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6607:Wayback Machine
6595:
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6524:
6522:
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6508:
6504:
6494:
6492:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6468:Wayback Machine
6456:
6449:
6443:Wayback Machine
6431:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6402:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6362:
6358:
6348:
6346:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6322:Wayback Machine
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6260:Wayback Machine
6251:Summa Theologiæ
6247:
6243:
6237:Wayback Machine
6225:
6221:
6210:
6208:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6185:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6081:
6032:
5998:
5992:
5954:
5948:
5923:
5917:
5863:
5853:
5837:
5789:
5783:
5736:
5714:(1904–84), and
5708:Joseph Maréchal
5700:
5675:Benedict Ashley
5643:
5595:
5576:
5547:Martin Grabmann
5525:
5519:
5495:
5450:Martin Grabmann
5393:
5387:
5365:
5346:
5338:Dominican Order
5333:
5312:Dominican Order
5292:Dominican Order
5288:
5282:
5275:
5227:
5221:
5218:, Med. II, §13.
5213:
5166:
5159:
5137:Jewish theology
5112:
5104:Mind and Matter
5037:, particularly
5019:Domingo de Soto
5009:(1380–1444) or
4980:John of Quidort
4968:Albertus Magnus
4961:Jon Duns Scotus
4907:Bishop of Paris
4903:Stephen Tempier
4895:Benozzo Gozzoli
4872:
4765:
4755:
4740:
4709:
4701:
4679:
4660:Mosaic covenant
4621:
4619:Treatise on Law
4615:
4609:
4601:
4565:Of note is the
4513:beatific vision
4442:
4434:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4358:
4322:rational animal
4309:Summa Theologiæ
4301:
4163:
4157:
4148:problem of evil
4143:
4135:
4044:) found in the
4026:
4020:
4003:
3995:
3973:is nothing but
3949:
3920:
3912:
3899:The Philosopher
3863:efficient cause
3841:
3836:
3811:
3677:
3669:
3655:. The other is
3642:
3636:
3624:rational animal
3564:
3554:
3522:
3452:
3443:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3332:Dominican Order
3327:Aristotelianism
3315:
3307:
3306:
3277:Albertus Magnus
3242:
3234:
3233:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3121:
3066:Catholic Church
3035:and thought of
3014:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2270:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2079:
2069:
2068:
2042:Social teaching
1997:
1987:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1919:
1902:
1864:
1862:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1792:Dominican Order
1787:Aristotelianism
1782:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1732:
1698:1476 Altarpiece
1693:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1219:
675:
674:
663:
662:
608:
607:
598:
597:
583:Panis angelicus
548:Adoro te devote
543:
542:
533:
532:
510:
494:Treatise on Law
484:
483:
472:
471:
417:
386:
331:Beatific vision
299:
298:
249:
238:
237:
236:
231:
220:
214:
211:
196:
184:
180:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
98:
94:primary sources
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14155:
14145:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14099:
14082:
14081:
14079:
14078:
14066:
14059:
14056:
14055:
14053:
14052:
14051:
14050:
14040:
14034:
14032:
14028:
14027:
14025:
14024:
14019:
14014:
14013:(16th century)
14008:
14007:(15th century)
14002:
13999:Western Schism
13996:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13974:
13972:
13968:
13967:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13954:
13952:
13951:
13945:
13943:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13935:
13929:
13927:
13921:
13920:
13918:
13917:
13912:
13906:
13904:
13898:
13897:
13895:
13894:
13889:
13883:
13881:
13875:
13874:
13872:
13871:
13864:
13862:Pentecostalism
13859:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13839:
13834:
13828:
13826:
13820:
13819:
13817:
13816:
13810:
13808:
13798:
13790:
13789:
13767:
13764:
13763:
13756:
13755:
13748:
13741:
13733:
13724:
13723:
13721:
13720:
13708:
13695:
13692:
13691:
13689:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13637:
13635:
13631:
13630:
13628:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13611:
13610:
13605:
13595:
13590:
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13553:Pascal's wager
13550:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13520:
13515:
13513:Guardian angel
13510:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13434:
13432:
13428:
13427:
13425:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13374:
13369:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13234:
13229:
13224:
13219:
13213:
13211:
13205:
13204:
13201:
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13197:
13192:
13187:
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13179:
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13174:
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13161:
13156:
13151:
13145:
13143:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13102:
13100:
13094:
13093:
13091:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13068:Augustinianism
13064:
13062:
13053:
13049:
13048:
13029:
13027:
13025:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12977:Divine command
12974:
12968:
12966:
12960:
12959:
12952:
12951:
12944:
12937:
12929:
12920:
12919:
12917:
12916:
12903:
12900:
12899:
12897:
12896:
12888:
12880:
12872:
12871:
12870:
12865:
12855:
12850:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12831:Editio Leonina
12828:
12823:
12817:
12815:
12811:
12810:
12808:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12790:
12782:
12780:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12772:
12771:
12770:
12760:
12759:
12758:
12748:
12747:
12746:
12736:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12719:
12714:
12708:
12706:
12700:
12699:
12692:
12690:
12688:
12687:
12680:
12679:
12678:
12671:
12659:
12652:
12645:
12637:
12635:
12631:
12630:
12627:Thomas Aquinas
12623:
12622:
12615:
12608:
12600:
12591:
12590:
12588:
12587:
12575:
12560:
12557:
12556:
12553:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12542:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12515:
12513:
12509:
12508:
12506:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12485:
12480:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12460:
12455:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12439:
12438:
12428:
12423:
12417:
12415:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12385:
12379:
12377:
12375:Middle Eastern
12371:
12370:
12368:
12367:
12362:
12357:
12352:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12326:
12324:
12318:
12317:
12315:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12293:
12291:
12282:
12272:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12263:
12255:
12254:
12251:
12250:
12247:
12246:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12239:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12217:
12211:
12209:
12205:
12204:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12139:Existentialism
12136:
12134:Deconstruction
12131:
12125:
12123:
12117:
12116:
12114:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12004:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11967:Applied ethics
11963:
11961:
11952:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11941:
11939:
11938:
11933:
11931:Nietzscheanism
11928:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11891:
11885:
11883:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11875:
11873:Utilitarianism
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11774:
11773:
11771:Transcendental
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11738:
11737:
11736:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11709:Existentialism
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11665:
11659:
11653:
11652:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11645:
11639:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11627:
11622:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11594:
11592:
11586:
11585:
11583:
11582:
11577:
11576:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11534:
11532:
11528:
11527:
11525:
11524:
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5785:Main article:
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5755:Edmund Husserl
5739:Lublin Thomism
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5692:Ralph McInerny
5642:
5639:
5623:existentialism
5606:Cornelio Fabro
5598:Étienne Gilson
5594:
5591:
5575:
5572:
5555:Cornelio Fabro
5521:Main article:
5518:
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5494:
5491:
5486:Cornelio Fabro
5433:Aeterni Patris
5418:secular priest
5410:Josef Kleutgen
5389:Main article:
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5383:Aeterni Patris
5380:
5364:
5362:Aeterni Patris
5358:
5345:
5342:
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5287:
5284:
5273:
5226:
5223:
5211:
5174:René Descartes
5165:
5164:René Descartes
5162:
5158:
5155:
5111:
5108:
5096:Walter Freeman
5058:Aeterni Patris
5043:Luis de Molina
5031:Salmanticenses
5011:Tommaso de Vio
4953:Henry of Ghent
4871:
4868:
4797:) divides the
4757:Thomas Aquinas
4753:
4739:
4736:
4723:Luis de Molina
4699:
4685:between God's
4678:
4675:
4666:; whereas the
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4271:Deus revelatus
4179:I Am that I Am
4161:Analogia entis
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4022:Main article:
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3880:ancient Greeks
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3849:material cause
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3562:Analogia entis
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3455:Thomas Aquinas
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3285:("The Master")
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3247:Thomas Aquinas
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3068:. In the 1914
3037:Thomas Aquinas
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13686:Phenomenology
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13583:Rota Fortunae
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13543:Occam's razor
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13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13438:Actus Essendi
13436:
13435:
13433:
13429:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13272:Chateaubriand
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13233:
13230:
13228:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13214:
13212:
13210:
13206:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13182:
13180:
13176:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13159:Conceptualism
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13138:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13103:
13101:
13099:
13095:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13073:Scholasticism
13071:
13069:
13066:
13065:
13063:
13061:
13057:
13054:
13050:
13023:
13022:Virtue ethics
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13007:Seven virtues
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12965:
12961:
12957:
12950:
12945:
12943:
12938:
12936:
12931:
12930:
12927:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12904:
12901:
12894:
12893:
12889:
12886:
12885:
12881:
12878:
12877:
12873:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12848:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12812:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12795:
12791:
12789:
12788:
12787:Actus Essendi
12784:
12783:
12781:
12777:
12769:
12766:
12765:
12764:
12761:
12757:
12754:
12753:
12752:
12749:
12745:
12742:
12741:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12728:
12725:
12724:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12701:
12696:
12686:
12685:
12681:
12677:
12676:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12666:
12665:
12664:
12660:
12658:
12657:
12653:
12651:
12650:
12646:
12644:
12643:
12639:
12638:
12636:
12632:
12628:
12621:
12616:
12614:
12609:
12607:
12602:
12601:
12598:
12586:
12585:
12576:
12574:
12573:
12562:
12561:
12558:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12516:
12514:
12512:Miscellaneous
12510:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12474:
12471:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12437:
12434:
12433:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12418:
12416:
12414:
12410:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12380:
12378:
12376:
12372:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12325:
12323:
12319:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12277:
12273:
12265:
12264:
12260:
12256:
12238:
12237:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12212:
12210:
12208:Miscellaneous
12206:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12194:Structuralism
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12179:Postmodernism
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12169:Phenomenology
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12126:
12124:
12122:
12118:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12106:Vienna Circle
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12036:Moral realism
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11964:
11962:
11960:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11947:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11900:
11897:
11896:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11880:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11838:Phenomenology
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11778:Individualism
11776:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11742:
11739:
11735:
11732:
11731:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11654:
11644:
11643:Judeo-Islamic
11641:
11640:
11638:
11636:
11632:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11620:
11619:ʿIlm al-Kalām
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11591:
11587:
11581:
11578:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11568:Shuddhadvaita
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11536:
11535:
11533:
11529:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11502:Scholasticism
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11489:
11487:
11485:
11481:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11441:
11439:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11426:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11397:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11337:
11336:
11333:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11320:
11319:
11316:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11273:
11272:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11264:
11260:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11140:
11137:
11136:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11125:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11076:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11063:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11031:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11021:
11019:
11017:
11013:
11009:
11002:
10998:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10953:Conceptualism
10951:
10949:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10941:
10937:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10913:
10909:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10882:Particularism
10880:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10870:
10866:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10849:Functionalism
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10834:Eliminativism
10832:
10830:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10779:
10775:
10769:
10766:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10757:
10754:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10739:Compatibilism
10737:
10736:
10734:
10732:
10728:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10704:
10700:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10678:Particularism
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10551:
10547:
10540:
10536:
10532:
10525:
10520:
10518:
10513:
10511:
10506:
10505:
10502:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10484:
10483:
10475:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10460:
10459:
10455:
10451:
10449:9781304416186
10445:
10441:
10440:
10435:
10431:
10429:
10425:
10424:
10420:
10419:
10408:
10403:
10396:
10392:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10378:
10377:
10371:
10364:
10360:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10346:
10341:
10325:
10321:
10317:
10311:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10275:
10273:9780888448125
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10227:
10226:
10222:
10215:
10211:
10205:
10190:
10186:
10185:Feser, Edward
10180:
10173:
10167:
10158:
10154:
10150:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10131:
10128:
10122:
10107:
10106:
10101:
10094:
10079:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10058:
10053:
10049:
10043:
10035:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10019:
10012:
10008:
10005:
10004:
9998:
9992:
9985:
9981:
9975:
9958:
9954:
9948:
9946:
9928:
9924:
9919:
9913:
9896:
9892:
9886:
9869:
9865:
9859:
9842:
9838:
9832:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9787:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9771:
9763:
9759:
9754:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9729:
9713:
9709:
9702:
9685:
9681:
9674:
9667:
9653:
9649:
9644:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9613:
9609:
9606:
9601:
9593:
9587:
9583:
9582:
9574:
9559:
9553:
9549:
9545:
9541:
9537:
9530:
9522:
9520:9780840120410
9516:
9512:
9511:
9503:
9496:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9462:
9458:
9452:
9445:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9418:
9414:
9412:
9404:
9388:
9384:
9382:
9374:
9358:
9354:
9352:
9343:
9327:
9326:
9321:
9315:
9306:
9305:
9299:
9291:
9289:
9282:
9281:
9278:Gyula Klima,
9274:
9268:
9263:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9241:
9233:
9231:9789004108318
9227:
9223:
9217:
9211:
9206:
9198:
9196:9780865544369
9192:
9188:
9181:
9175:
9170:
9162:
9160:9780813213866
9156:
9152:
9147:
9146:
9137:
9129:
9127:9781317346012
9123:
9119:
9112:
9096:
9092:
9090:
9082:
9066:
9062:
9060:
9052:
9036:
9032:
9030:
9022:
9006:
9002:
9000:
8992:
8976:
8972:
8970:
8962:
8946:
8942:
8940:
8932:
8916:
8912:
8910:
8902:
8886:
8882:
8880:
8872:
8865:
8860:
8844:
8840:
8838:
8830:
8814:
8810:
8808:
8800:
8784:
8780:
8778:
8770:
8754:
8750:
8744:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8722:
8715:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8700:
8684:
8680:
8678:
8670:
8664:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8635:
8630:
8614:
8610:
8608:
8600:
8584:
8580:
8578:
8570:
8554:
8550:
8548:
8540:
8524:
8520:
8518:
8510:
8494:
8490:
8488:
8480:
8464:
8460:
8458:
8450:
8434:
8430:
8428:
8420:
8404:
8400:
8398:
8390:
8374:
8370:
8368:
8360:
8344:
8340:
8338:
8330:
8314:
8310:
8308:
8300:
8284:
8280:
8278:
8270:
8254:
8250:
8248:
8240:
8224:
8220:
8218:
8210:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8188:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8166:
8150:
8146:
8144:
8136:
8120:
8116:
8114:
8106:
8090:
8086:
8084:
8076:
8068:
8061:
8045:
8041:
8039:
8031:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8008:
7992:
7988:
7986:
7978:
7962:
7958:
7956:
7948:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7925:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7898:
7891:
7890:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7856:
7840:
7836:
7834:
7826:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7804:
7795:
7786:
7770:
7766:
7764:
7756:
7740:
7736:
7734:
7726:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7696:
7680:
7676:
7674:
7666:
7664:
7656:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7622:
7618:
7616:
7608:
7606:
7589:
7585:
7583:
7575:
7559:
7555:
7553:
7545:
7529:
7525:
7523:
7515:
7499:
7495:
7493:
7485:
7469:
7465:
7463:
7455:
7439:
7435:
7433:
7425:
7409:
7405:
7403:
7395:
7379:
7375:
7373:
7365:
7349:
7345:
7343:
7335:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7313:
7306:
7305:Quinquae viae
7302:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7287:
7281:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7263:
7247:
7243:
7241:
7233:
7217:
7213:
7211:
7203:
7201:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7144:
7128:
7124:
7122:
7114:
7112:
7095:
7091:
7089:
7081:
7065:
7061:
7059:
7051:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7010:
7006:
7004:
6996:
6980:
6976:
6974:
6966:
6950:
6946:
6944:
6936:
6929:
6923:
6907:
6903:
6901:
6893:
6885:
6881:
6880:dhspriory.org
6877:
6876:, II, chp.15"
6875:
6867:
6851:
6847:
6841:
6825:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6795:
6791:
6789:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6752:
6735:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6699:
6683:
6679:
6677:
6669:
6662:
6661:
6653:
6651:
6634:
6630:
6628:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6593:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6563:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6520:
6516:
6514:
6506:
6490:
6486:
6484:
6476:
6469:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6429:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6399:
6397:
6388:
6382:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6330:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6278:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6097:
6094:
6088:
6083:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6067:George Tyrell
6064:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5910:respectively.
5909:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5808:Gottlob Frege
5805:
5801:
5797:
5794:described by
5793:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5767:Karol Wojtyla
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5710:(1878–1944),
5709:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5679:Laval Thomism
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5649:(named after
5648:
5645:According to
5638:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5581:(named after
5580:
5571:
5568:
5567:actus essendi
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5467:Edouard Hugon
5464:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5425:Pope Leo XIII
5422:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5385:to Vatican II
5384:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5341:
5339:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5279:
5272:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5260:William James
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5232:
5219:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5192:doctrines of
5191:
5188:in 1641. The
5187:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5170:modern period
5161:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:neurodynamics
5097:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5085:Ressourcement
5082:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5027:Domingo Báñez
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4957:Giles of Rome
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4876:Scholasticism
4867:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4715:Domingo Báñez
4707:
4705:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4607:
4605:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4544:circumstances
4540:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4487:). These are
4486:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4440:
4438:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4152:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:unmoved mover
4061:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:I, Q.2, art.3
4049:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4024:Quinquae viae
4015:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3999:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3976:privatio boni
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3664:
3663:secundum quid
3660:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3481:(i.e. unlike
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3302:
3301:Peter Abelard
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:Peter Lombard
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:Summa logicae
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3162:Cur Deus Homo
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:Scholasticism
3099:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:philosophical
3022:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:Chateaubriand
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Gundissalinus
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:Scholasticism
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Ressourcement
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:Compatibilism
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Conceptualism
2082:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Virtue ethics
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Carafa Chapel
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:Æterni Patris
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
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643:Peter Lombard
641:
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631:
629:
628:St. Augustine
626:
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351:Primum Movens
348:
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344:Actus essendi
341:
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114: –
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108:Find sources:
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86:This article
84:
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53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
13988:Latin Church
13866:
13814:Latin Church
13777:Latin Church
13656:Neoplatonism
13578:Ressentiment
13573:Quinque viae
13538:Memento mori
13498:Double truth
13443:Actus primus
13209:Philosophers
13116:Cartesianism
13077:
12890:
12882:
12874:
12845:
12825:
12792:
12785:
12682:
12673:
12669:Quinque viae
12661:
12654:
12647:
12640:
12577:
12563:
12234:
12225:Postcritique
12215:Kyoto School
12174:Posthumanism
12154:Hermeneutics
12009: /
11950:Contemporary
11926:Newtonianism
11889:Cartesianism
11848:Reductionism
11684:Conservatism
11679:Collectivism
11617:
11506:
11345:Sarvāstivadā
11323:Anekantavada
11248:Neoplatonism
11216:Epicureanism
11149:Pythagoreans
11088:Confucianism
11054:Contemporary
11044:Early modern
10948:Anti-realism
10902:Universalism
10859:Subjectivism
10655:Epistemology
10457:
10442:. Lulu.com.
10438:
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6195:
6146:Brian Leftow
6141:Peter Kreeft
6136:Brian Davies
6070:
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6050:
6035:
6033:
6010:a posteriori
6008:
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5977:imagination.
5907:
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5796:John Haldane
5790:
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5746:
5738:
5737:
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5681:" after the
5678:
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5627:Joseph Owens
5611:essentialism
5601:
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5511:Edward Feser
5502:
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5310:Outside the
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5276:Chesterton,
5268:poached eggs
5264:
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4912:hylomorphism
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4882:and towards
4880:neoplatonism
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4811:intellection
4794:
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4787:Aristotle's
4786:
4770:epistemology
4767:
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4738:Epistemology
4711:
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4668:New Covenant
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4622:
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4579:self-defense
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4507:
4504:divine grace
4493:
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4318:Aristotelian
4315:
4307:
4299:Anthropology
4293:
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4070:
4059:
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4038:quinque viae
4037:
4034:demonstrated
4027:
4009:
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3986:
3983:defined it.
3974:
3952:
3950:
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3897:
3878:Unlike many
3877:
3869:
3862:
3856:formal cause
3855:
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3826:
3818:
3815:four subsets
3812:
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3646:
3644:
3620:Aristotelian
3609:
3596:Equivocation
3595:
3588:
3582:
3570:: univocal,
3565:
3523:
3512:participates
3511:
3503:
3491:Aristotelian
3453:
3371:
3357:Neoplatonism
3319:
3241:Philosophers
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3125:
3082:
3072:
3070:motu proprio
3055:
3049:
3020:
3019:
2881:John Paul II
2806:Benedict XVI
2779:Contemporary
2259:Philosophers
2233:
2180:Cartesianism
2123:Quinque Viae
1830:Actus primus
1828:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1729:
1717:
1630:
1623:
1611:
1522:Sertillanges
1190:Benedict XIV
633:St. Boethius
528:Catena aurea
444:Determinatio
442:
431: /
399: /
377:
368:Hylomorphism
366:
349:
342:
335:
325:Quinque viae
323:
295:
239:
221:
212:
189:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
87:
63:
56:
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49:Please help
46:
29:
14001:(1378-1417)
13879:Anglicanism
13852:Lutheranism
13676:Rationalism
13671:Renaissance
13603:Augustinian
13488:Disputation
13483:Differentia
13448:Actus purus
13352:Malebranche
13267:Bonaventure
13002:Personalism
12997:Natural law
12992:Probabilism
12744:Tantum ergo
12705:and prayers
12220:Objectivism
12159:Neo-Marxism
12121:Continental
12031:Meta-ethics
12011:Coherentism
11916:Hegelianism
11853:Rationalism
11813:Natural law
11793:Materialism
11719:Historicism
11689:Determinism
11580:Navya-Nyāya
11355:Sautrāntika
11350:Pudgalavada
11286:Vaisheshika
11139:Presocratic
11039:Renaissance
10978:Physicalism
10963:Materialism
10869:Normativity
10854:Objectivism
10839:Emergentism
10829:Behaviorism
10778:Metaphysics
10744:Determinism
10683:Rationalism
10300:20 November
10194:25 November
10003:Le Thomisme
9446:, (I:2,15).
9423:20 November
9393:20 November
9363:20 November
9101:20 November
9071:20 November
9041:20 November
9011:20 November
8981:20 November
8951:20 November
8921:20 November
8909:De veritate
8891:20 November
8879:De veritate
8849:20 November
8819:20 November
8789:20 November
8759:20 November
8689:20 November
8649:natural law
8638:Romans 2:14
8619:20 November
8589:20 November
8559:20 November
8547:De veritate
8529:20 November
8499:20 November
8469:20 November
8439:20 November
8409:20 November
8379:20 November
8349:20 November
8319:20 November
8289:20 November
8259:20 November
8229:20 November
8155:20 November
8125:20 November
8095:20 November
8050:20 November
7997:20 November
7967:20 November
7883:Metaphysics
7845:20 November
7775:20 November
7745:20 November
7715:20 November
7685:20 November
7627:20 November
7594:20 November
7564:20 November
7534:20 November
7504:20 November
7474:20 November
7444:20 November
7414:20 November
7384:20 November
7354:20 November
7252:20 November
7222:20 November
7189:20 November
7163:20 November
7133:20 November
7100:20 November
7070:20 November
7015:20 November
6985:20 November
6955:20 November
6912:20 November
6856:20 November
6830:20 November
6818:Metaphysics
6800:20 November
6740:20 November
6728:De veritate
6688:20 November
6639:20 November
6582:20 November
6552:20 November
6525:20 November
6495:20 November
6418:20 November
6349:20 November
6297:20 November
6166:Rule of law
6021:perfection.
5882:principles.
5845:Pope Pius X
5828:Peter Geach
5816:G. E. Moore
5763:Max Scheler
5712:Karl Rahner
5667:metascience
5663:metaphysics
5619:personalism
5505:(2003), by
5465:professors
5454:Pope Pius X
5063:opera omnia
4996:via moderna
4933:Middle Ages
4864:pure reason
4807:imagination
4795:On the Soul
4719:predestined
4631:Natural law
4552:moral value
4391:Scholastics
4387:dianoetikón
4379:aisthetikón
4236:actus purus
4227:omnipresent
4199:the Trinity
4183:Exodus 3:14
4167:view of God
4155:View of God
4120:the Trinity
4075:first cause
3967:final cause
3951:As per the
3940:temporality
3936:Bonaventure
3928:Middle Ages
3888:first cause
3870:final cause
3820:Metaphysics
3799:final cause
3744:metaphysics
3653:simpliciter
3648:substantial
3628:rationality
3583:Univocality
3568:predicating
3552:Predication
3546:incorporeal
3520:Metaphysics
3506:neoplatonic
3495:metaphysics
3289:Bonaventure
3253:Duns Scotus
3148:Major works
3077:Pope Pius X
3029:theological
2696:Malebranche
2556:Roscellinus
2501:Grosseteste
2461:Bonaventure
2281:Athenagoras
2077:Metaphysics
2037:Personalism
2032:Natural law
2027:Probabilism
1920: 1225
1656:Scholarship
1307:Fairweather
1229:Neo-Thomism
1205:de Boxadors
1110:Pallavicino
1105:Vallgornera
900:Mirabilibus
860:de Flandria
750:Benedict XI
573:Tantum ergo
438:Natural law
433:Theological
337:Actus purus
14091:Categories
13837:Anabaptism
13681:Empiricism
13503:Evil demon
13277:Chesterton
13154:Nominalism
13141:Universals
12982:Just price
12722:Lauda Sion
12519:Amerindian
12426:Australian
12365:Vietnamese
12345:Indonesian
11894:Kantianism
11843:Positivism
11833:Pragmatism
11808:Naturalism
11788:Liberalism
11766:Subjective
11704:Empiricism
11608:Avicennism
11553:Bhedabheda
11437:East Asian
11360:Madhyamaka
11340:Abhidharma
11206:Pyrrhonism
10973:Nominalism
10968:Naturalism
10897:Skepticism
10887:Relativism
10877:Absolutism
10806:Naturalism
10716:Deontology
10688:Skepticism
10673:Naturalism
10663:Empiricism
10627:Aesthetics
10531:Philosophy
10486:(in Latin)
9438:Maimonides
9332:16 January
8864:Ludwig Ott
7735:, I., Q.9"
7705:, I., Q.8"
7554:, I., Q.7"
7524:, I., Q.4"
7037:, chp. 11.
7035:Enchridion
6264:sed contra
6211:4 November
6188:References
5994:See also:
5952:Psychology
5950:See also:
5946:Psychology
5919:See also:
5890:accidental
5855:See also:
5480:While the
5475:Vatican II
5429:encyclical
5401:professor
5145:Maimonides
5087:theology.
5071:Neothomism
4878:away from
4860:deductions
4856:empiricism
4841:sed contra
4831:properties
4823:universals
4689:and human
4687:providence
4648:revelation
4640:Divine law
4518:Regarding
4455:temperance
4371:threptikón
4219:omnipotent
4124:revelation
3892:chain link
3782:/essence.
3731:in another
3727:substances
3698:"to be").
3658:accidental
3638:See also:
3612:definition
3572:analogical
3352:Empiricism
3321:Philosophy
3203:Precursors
2876:Hildebrand
2816:Chesterton
2681:La Mennais
2611:Bellarmine
2606:Azpilcueta
2551:Paschasius
2431:Autrecourt
2386:Tertullian
2346:Chrysostom
2286:Athanasius
2168:Victorines
2099:Nominalism
2007:Just price
1812:Empiricism
1567:Wilhelmsen
1452:Meinvielle
1262:Bouquillon
1010:de Granada
1005:Maldonatus
965:Catherinus
940:di Ferrara
905:Savonarola
875:Torquemada
800:Bradwardin
775:di Bologna
760:Winterburn
700:Innocent V
685:Saint-Cher
653:Maimonides
606:Influences
558:Lauda Sion
457:Just price
357:Sacraments
199:improve it
123:newspapers
90:references
52:improve it
13857:Methodism
13847:Calvinism
13832:Adventism
13796:divisions
13646:Platonism
13620:Univocity
13518:Haecceity
13397:Ratzinger
13362:Montaigne
13342:MacIntyre
13297:Dionysius
13292:Descartes
13252:Augustine
13106:Salamanca
12398:Pakistani
12360:Taiwanese
12307:Ethiopian
12280:By region
12266:By region
12081:Scientism
12076:Systemics
11936:Spinozism
11863:Socialism
11798:Modernism
11761:Objective
11669:Anarchism
11603:Averroism
11492:Christian
11444:Neotaoism
11415:Zurvanism
11405:Mithraism
11400:Mazdakism
11171:Cyrenaics
11098:Logicians
10731:Free will
10693:Solipsism
10640:Formalism
10330:2 January
10244:609421317
10153:609421317
10078:215266116
10070:0003-3286
9820:2 January
9718:2 January
9690:21 August
9467:21 August
7242:, I, Q.2"
6030:Criticism
5921:Cosmology
5915:Cosmology
5720:Cartesian
5661:prior to
5559:Tomáš Týn
5462:Angelicum
5438:Capréolus
5398:Angelicum
5371:Angelicum
5280:, p. 147.
5198:Aristotle
5190:Cartesian
5141:Aristotle
5133:Christian
5126:Avicebron
4941:Dominican
4884:Aristotle
4850:Aquinas'
4825:(such as
4815:remembers
4803:sensation
4745:intellect
4691:free will
4677:Free will
4548:intention
4528:Epicurean
4463:fortitude
4383:kinetikón
4346:accidents
4326:substance
4244:knowledge
4231:immutable
4203:substance
4191:accidents
4171:existence
4106:, or the
4095:, or the
4084:, or the
4042:five ways
3988:Dionysius
3959:Aristotle
3809:Causality
3768:actuality
3735:accidents
3723:in itself
3702:means an
3604:ambiguity
3576:equivocal
3487:Aristotle
3052:Aristotle
3041:Dominican
2896:MacIntyre
2856:Gutiérrez
2826:Copleston
2796:Balthasar
2651:Descartes
2511:Hildegard
2496:Gregory I
2471:Catherine
2421:Alexander
2371:Dionysius
2291:Augustine
2244:Salamanca
2118:Haecceity
2022:Casuistry
1557:Ušeničnik
1547:Taparelli
1507:Ripperger
1422:MacIntyre
1282:Copleston
1215:Gazzaniga
1195:De Rubeis
1150:Alexandre
1145:Massoulié
1015:Fernandes
935:Mazzolini
880:Bessarion
795:Paludanus
755:Fontaines
695:Penyafort
680:Cantimpré
613:Aristotle
203:verifying
112:"Thomism"
58:talk page
14031:Theology
13842:Baptists
13608:Irenaean
13598:Theodicy
13568:Quiddity
13431:Concepts
13357:Maritain
13327:Krasicki
13317:Gassendi
13307:Eriugena
13262:Boethius
13237:Anscombe
13227:Albertus
13121:Molinism
13088:Occamism
13060:Medieval
12987:Just war
12584:Category
12539:Yugoslav
12529:Romanian
12436:Scottish
12421:American
12350:Japanese
12330:Buddhist
12312:Africana
12302:Egyptian
12144:Feminist
12066:Rawlsian
12061:Quietism
11959:Analytic
11911:Krausism
11818:Nihilism
11783:Kokugaku
11746:Absolute
11741:Idealism
11729:Humanism
11517:Occamism
11484:European
11429:Medieval
11375:Yogacara
11335:Buddhist
11328:Syādvāda
11211:Stoicism
11176:Cynicism
11164:Sophists
11159:Atomists
11154:Eleatics
11093:Legalism
11034:Medieval
10958:Idealism
10912:Ontology
10892:Nihilism
10796:Idealism
10554:Branches
10543:Branches
10436:(2013).
10391:Archived
10380:Archived
10359:Archived
10348:Archived
10324:Archived
10248:Archived
10232:(2006).
10157:Archived
10141:(2006).
10130:Archived
10074:ProQuest
10050:(2003).
10007:Archived
9963:16 March
9957:Archived
9895:Archived
9868:Archived
9841:Archived
9814:Archived
9712:Archived
9658:7 August
9652:Archived
9629:Archived
9608:Archived
9387:Archived
9357:Archived
9095:Archived
9065:Archived
9059:De anima
9035:Archived
9005:Archived
8975:Archived
8969:De anima
8945:Archived
8915:Archived
8885:Archived
8843:Archived
8813:Archived
8783:Archived
8753:Archived
8733:Archived
8710:Archived
8683:Archived
8659:Archived
8641:Archived
8613:Archived
8583:Archived
8553:Archived
8523:Archived
8493:Archived
8463:Archived
8433:Archived
8403:Archived
8373:Archived
8343:Archived
8313:Archived
8283:Archived
8253:Archived
8223:Archived
8198:Archived
8176:Archived
8149:Archived
8119:Archived
8089:Archived
8044:Archived
8019:Archived
7991:Archived
7961:Archived
7936:Archived
7931:De anima
7916:Ibn Sīnā
7908:Archived
7889:quiddity
7874:Socrates
7866:Archived
7839:Archived
7814:Archived
7769:Archived
7739:Archived
7709:Archived
7679:Archived
7651:Archived
7621:Archived
7588:Archived
7558:Archived
7528:Archived
7498:Archived
7468:Archived
7438:Archived
7408:Archived
7378:Archived
7348:Archived
7323:Archived
7296:Archived
7276:Archived
7246:Archived
7216:Archived
7183:Archived
7157:Archived
7127:Archived
7094:Archived
7064:Archived
7040:Archived
7009:Archived
6979:Archived
6949:Archived
6906:Archived
6884:Archived
6850:Archived
6824:Archived
6794:Archived
6764:Archived
6734:Archived
6709:Archived
6682:Archived
6663:, Bk. I.
6660:De anima
6633:Archived
6603:Archived
6576:Archived
6546:Archived
6519:Archived
6489:Archived
6464:Archived
6439:Archived
6412:Archived
6367:(1998).
6343:Archived
6318:Archived
6315:, 67–68.
6291:Archived
6269:De anima
6256:Archived
6233:Archived
6205:Archived
6079:See also
6065:such as
6004:a priori
5981:analogy.
5896:subject.
5868:pure act
5857:Ontology
5851:Ontology
5775:idealism
5757:and the
5274:—
5256:Berkeley
5212:—
5176:' works
5053:Leo XIII
4790:De anima
4754:—
4732:Holy See
4727:Molinism
4700:—
4600:—
4587:Just War
4575:homicide
4532:pleasure
4502:without
4451:prudence
4433:—
4400:—
4375:oretikón
4367:dunámeis
4289:likeness
4283:employs
4225:itself,
4215:infinite
4209:itself,
4207:goodness
4134:—
4118:such as
4040:(Latin:
3994:—
3963:the good
3947:Goodness
3911:—
3835:—
3829:quiddity
3805:), etc.
3780:quiddity
3760:quiddity
3756:quiddity
3700:Quiddity
3687:quiddity
3668:—
3536:and the
3532:are the
3530:ontology
3483:skeptics
3450:Overview
3271:Averroes
3214:Boethius
3136:Occamism
3093:a series
3091:Part of
2911:Maritain
2886:Lonergan
2866:Guardini
2791:Anscombe
2766:Caramuel
2676:Krasicki
2671:Kołłątaj
2626:Brentano
2486:Eriugena
2451:Berengar
2399:Medieval
2351:Climacus
2331:Irenaeus
2301:Boethius
2296:Benedict
2239:Analytic
2207:Occamism
2197:Molinism
2175:Llullism
2104:Quiddity
2012:Just war
1940:a series
1938:Part of
1582:Zigliara
1577:Woodbury
1482:Piolanti
1447:McInerny
1437:Marshall
1432:Maritain
1427:Maréchal
1417:Lonergan
1407:Leo XIII
1382:Kleutgen
1332:Gauthier
1247:Arintero
1095:Molinier
1075:Riccardi
1050:Malvenda
1045:Verbeeck
1030:Duperron
1025:Porrecta
990:Senensis
985:Pelargus
945:Gaetanus
915:Gostynin
895:Almadura
865:Pierozzi
840:Dominici
825:Eymerich
815:Bromyard
790:Nédellec
785:Guidonis
745:Auvergne
730:Houghton
715:Moerbeke
705:Lessines
690:Beauvais
648:Averroes
638:Avicenna
618:St. Paul
452:Just war
429:Cardinal
401:accident
393:Quiddity
269:a series
267:Part of
14097:Thomism
13971:History
13779:in the
13634:Related
13422:Wojtyła
13402:Scheler
13347:Maistre
13337:Lombard
13322:Isidore
13302:Erasmus
13282:Clement
13247:Aquinas
13217:Abelard
13083:Scotism
13078:Thomism
13052:Schools
12826:Thomism
12814:Related
12779:Thought
12534:Russian
12503:Spanish
12498:Slovene
12488:Maltese
12483:Italian
12463:Finland
12431:British
12413:Western
12403:Turkish
12388:Islamic
12383:Iranian
12335:Chinese
12322:Eastern
12289:African
12236:more...
11921:Marxism
11751:British
11694:Dualism
11590:Islamic
11548:Advaita
11538:Vedanta
11512:Scotism
11507:Thomism
11449:Tiantai
11392:Persian
11380:Tibetan
11370:Śūnyatā
11311:Cārvāka
11301:Ājīvika
11296:Mīmāṃsā
11276:Samkhya
11191:Academy
11144:Ionians
11118:Yangism
11075:Chinese
11066:Ancient
11029:Western
11024:Ancient
10983:Realism
10940:Reality
10930:Process
10811:Realism
10791:Dualism
10786:Atomism
10668:Fideism
9635:29 June
9061:, §688"
7273:CCC 34.
6034:In his
5934:nature.
5724:Kantian
5653:), the
5442:Cajetan
5407:Jesuits
5286:History
5252:Bergson
5233:wrote:
5202:Aquinas
5067:ethical
5035:Jesuits
4935:). The
4827:species
4520:emotion
4479:charity
4459:justice
4389:). The
4330:essence
4260:analogy
4211:perfect
4201:is one
4175:essence
4032:can be
3906:. ii, 2
3817:in the
3803:purpose
3791:oneness
3704:essence
3592:health.
3589:Analogy
3479:realist
3471:Islamic
3314:Related
3131:Scotism
3126:Thomism
3120:Schools
3023:is the
3021:Thomism
2921:Mounier
2916:McLuhan
2871:Haldane
2811:Blondel
2761:Vitoria
2736:Rosmini
2711:Mercado
2706:Meinong
2701:Mariana
2691:Maistre
2686:Liguori
2666:Gracián
2661:Fénelon
2656:Erasmus
2636:Cajetan
2621:Bossuet
2596:Arnauld
2576:Thierry
2531:Lombard
2521:Isidore
2481:Eckhart
2466:Buridan
2456:Bernard
2436:Aquinas
2406:Abelard
2366:Maximus
2341:Cassian
2311:Cyprian
2306:Clement
2276:Ambrose
2269:Ancient
2234:Thomism
2229:Scotism
2157:Schools
2108:essence
2089:Realism
1977:Aquinas
1595:History
1497:Ramírez
1487:Pirotta
1442:Mascall
1402:Krąpiec
1397:Koninck
1377:Jolivet
1372:Inagaki
1352:Hawkins
1347:Grenier
1297:De Wulf
1237:Aertsen
1210:Mamachi
1185:Concina
1180:Leocata
1170:Plessis
1115:Nicolaï
1085:Poinsot
1080:Gravina
1070:Rispoli
1060:Álvarez
1040:Lessius
1035:Medices
960:Vitoria
955:Pagnino
950:Koellin
885:de Rupe
870:Cusanus
855:Sabunde
830:Calecas
820:Kydones
805:Holkott
780:Fiadoni
765:Colonna
710:Piperno
397:essence
395: (
376: (
296:Thomism
197:Please
137:scholar
18:Thomist
13995:(1054)
13942:Others
13625:Utopia
13417:Suárez
13407:Scotus
13392:Rahner
13382:Pascal
13372:Newman
13312:Ficino
13242:Anselm
13232:Alcuin
13098:Modern
12964:Ethics
12493:Polish
12473:German
12468:French
12453:Danish
12443:Canada
12393:Jewish
12355:Korean
12340:Indian
11882:People
11803:Monism
11756:German
11724:Holism
11657:Modern
11635:Jewish
11558:Dvaita
11531:Indian
11454:Huayan
11306:Ajñana
11263:Indian
11128:Greco-
11113:Taoism
11103:Mohism
11049:Modern
11016:By era
11005:By era
10920:Action
10801:Monism
10721:Virtue
10703:Ethics
10446:
10270:
10242:
10151:
10076:
10068:
9588:
9554:
9517:
9228:
9193:
9157:
9124:
8636:cites
6730:, Q.1"
6515:, 110"
6383:
6248:E.g.,
6121:Theism
5908:matter
5818:, and
5633:, and
5583:Kraków
5444:, and
5416:, and
5412:, and
5240:Hobbes
5041:, and
5025:, and
4990:. The
4959:, and
4945:studia
4929:Oxford
4870:Impact
4782:exists
4759:, the
4749:senses
4664:Christ
4477:, and
4461:, and
4449:to be
4423:virtue
4417:Ethics
4334:nature
4195:simple
4187:matter
3930:. The
3904:Metaph
3901:says (
3739:per se
3712:nature
3574:, and
3526:axioms
3475:Jewish
2941:Taylor
2931:Rahner
2926:Pieper
2906:Marion
2901:Marcel
2861:Dávila
2851:Girard
2846:Gilson
2831:Finnis
2821:Congar
2801:Barron
2751:Suárez
2731:Pascal
2726:Newman
2716:Molina
2646:Cortés
2631:Botero
2616:Bonald
2589:Modern
2571:Symeon
2561:Scotus
2546:Oresme
2541:Ockham
2536:Martin
2426:Anselm
2416:Alcuin
2411:Albert
2376:Origen
2361:Justin
2336:Jerome
2112:nature
1995:Ethics
1985:Ockham
1983:, and
1981:Scotus
1968:
1960:
1922:–1274)
1643:ICUSTA
1572:Wippel
1542:Tanaka
1492:Pius X
1462:Newman
1387:Knasas
1342:George
1322:Gardet
1312:Farrer
1292:Daujat
1287:Coreth
1277:Coffey
1272:Canals
1267:Bourke
1257:Barron
1252:Ashley
1242:Anquín
1155:Échard
1140:Quétif
1135:Bancel
1100:Torres
1090:Ripada
1000:Medina
925:Tetzel
920:Głogów
850:Gorkum
845:Gerson
835:Ferrer
810:Regina
770:Ymbert
740:Sutton
735:Apolda
725:Trilia
406:nature
314:Aseity
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
13453:Aevum
13412:Stein
13377:Occam
13332:Llull
13257:Bacon
13222:Adler
13178:Other
12703:Hymns
12634:Books
12524:Aztec
12478:Greek
12458:Dutch
12448:Czech
12297:Bantu
11734:Anti-
11281:Nyaya
11271:Hindu
11131:Roman
10925:Event
10567:Logic
10111:6 May
10083:6 May
10064:(1).
9999:in a
9563:7 May
9411:Summa
9381:Summa
9353:, 49"
9089:Summa
9029:Summa
8999:Summa
8939:Summa
8837:Summa
8807:Summa
8777:Summa
8730:, 12.
8705:Summa
8677:Summa
8654:Summa
8651:, in
8607:Summa
8577:Summa
8517:Summa
8487:Summa
8457:Summa
8427:Summa
8397:Summa
8367:Summa
8337:Summa
8307:Summa
8277:Summa
8247:Summa
8217:Summa
8193:Summa
8171:Summa
8143:Summa
8113:Summa
8083:Summa
8038:Summa
7985:Summa
7955:Summa
7905:, 33.
7863:, 24.
7833:Summa
7763:Summa
7733:Summa
7703:Summa
7673:Summa
7646:Summa
7615:Summa
7582:Summa
7552:Summa
7522:Summa
7492:Summa
7462:Summa
7432:Summa
7402:Summa
7372:Summa
7342:Summa
7240:Summa
7210:Summa
7151:Summa
7121:Summa
6943:Summa
6900:Summa
6788:Summa
6759:Summa
6678:, 14"
6629:, 40"
6598:Summa
6572:, 18"
6485:, 17"
6459:Summa
6436:, 83.
6408:, 37"
6285:Summa
6228:Summa
5254:, to
5246:, to
5244:Hegel
5051:Pope
4845:error
4704:Summa
4604:Summa
4571:Summa
4558:or a
4536:Stoic
4484:agape
4471:faith
4437:Summa
4342:genus
4276:about
4181:" in
4138:Summa
4099:; and
3998:Summa
3915:Summa
3795:truth
3710:, or
3696:Latin
3682:being
3634:Being
3616:genus
3542:being
3467:Roman
3463:Greek
3459:truth
2936:Stein
2891:Lubac
2841:Geach
2786:Adler
2741:Sales
2601:Ávila
2566:Siger
2526:Llull
2491:Giles
2441:Bacon
2316:Cyril
1562:White
1552:Torre
1537:Stein
1532:Smith
1527:Simon
1512:Russo
1502:Régis
1477:Pegis
1472:Pecci
1392:Komar
1367:Hugon
1362:Henle
1337:Geach
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