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709:, criticized Ligon's action both for subverting local authority and as an attempt to swing the election to the Democrats. Mayor Swann, this time running for re-election, successfully argued for a compromise measure involving special police forces to prevent disorder, and Steuart's militia were stood down. This time, although there was less violence than in 1856, the results of the vote were again compromised, and the "
511:. Thomas Jr. studied Ancient and modern languages and mathematics, but was also disciplined for disorderly conduct in 1825 and questioned in a gambling scandal the following year, which may have led him to enroll in a class in moral philosophy from prominent Virginia lawyer George Tucker. He also studied law under his father's guidance.
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and urban modernizations during Swann's tenure as mayor. The long-time colonial-era various in-fighting problems and competitive volunteer independent firefighting companies since 1763 (under a loose confederation of the "Baltimore City United Fire
Department" of 1835) were replaced in 1858 with
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state, having officially remained in the Union; President
Lincoln feared that ending slavery there at the height of the Civil War would cause Maryland to leave the Union. Hence, ending slavery there required a state-level referendum. When slavery there was abolished with the adoption of the third
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Additionally, Swann enacted a law that encouraged white fisherman to harass black fisherman when he signed into law the state's first ever "Oyster Code": "And be it acted, that all owners and masters of canoes, boats, or vessels licensed under this article, being White Men, are hereby constituted
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under then modern principles was established and given new uniforms, weapons and training (later placed under supervision and appointment powers of the governor in 1860 to the 1990s). To provide better street lighting, the offices of
Superindendents of Lamps with the then existing gas system was
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Many believed that once slavery was abolished in
Maryland, African Americans would begin a mass emigration to a new state. As white soldiers returned from Southern battlefields, they came home to find that not only were their slaves gone, but soil exhaustion was causing tobacco crops in southern
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plantation home from his father, noting that his father's nemesis
Nicholas Biddle likewise was forced to sell property to his sons after the panic. In 1840 the elder Thomas Swann died and this man inherited Morven Park, sixty slaves and his father's law library, and over the next years gradually
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newspaper of
Baltimore criticized his early political errors, but credited him as "a great mayor, conferring inestimable benefits on the city he governed; not only was he a wise and beneficent governor to the oppressed portion of the citizens of the State, but he was one of the most useful and
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in 1867, and refused to allow Swann admission to the Senate because he had switched parties. The
Democrats in Maryland began to fear that, if Swann left, the Maryland lieutenant governor, a Radical Republican, might place Maryland under a military, Reconstruction government and temporarily
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the order, but he soon rescinded it. As a result, violence broke out on polling day, with shots exchanged by competing mobs. In the 2nd and 8th Wards several citizens were killed, and many wounded. In the 6th ward artillery was used, and a pitched battle fought on
Orleans Street in East
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1236:"Democratic Conservative Mass Meeting: Immense Gathering in Monument Square--The Ward Processions--A Brilliant Display--Organization of the Meeting--Remarks of Ex-Governor Pratt-Resolutions--Speeches of Governor Swann, Hon. Daniel Clark, Hon. Mr. Nelson and Other's".
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officers of this state for the purpose of arresting and taking before any judge or
Justice of the Peace, any persons who may be engaged in violating any provisions of this article. Furthermore, all such owners and masters are hereby vested with the power to summon
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on
January 11, 1865, but did not enter into the duties of the office until one year later (under that constitution, the governor chosen in the November 1864 election could not assume the office until the completion of the term of his predecessor,
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Nancy Anne Miller, Thomas Swann: Political Acrobat and Entrepreneur (unpublished Master's Thesis in History, Virginia Polytecnic University 1969) p.1 states her mother was Jane Selden, with which conclusion genealogist Wesley Pippinger
546:(which had been incorporated in 1827 and in completed track to Harper's Ferry by 1834). His wife's uncle, Robert Gilmor, secured them entry into Baltimore society, although his father experienced financial difficulties after the
872:. Also, they did not want to lose reforms made by Swann with other voting rights. Rather than fight the Radicals in Congress to gain a seat, Swann was convinced by Democrats to remain as governor and turn down the Senate seat.
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Details the relationship between American Party politicians and the rowdy clubs affiliated with them in Baltimore during Swann's tenure as mayor. It includes a great deal of information on Swann and his accomplishments in
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Swann married twice. In 1843, his first wife, the former Elizabeth Gilmer Sherlock (1814-1876), bore a daughter, Elizabeth Gilmer Swann, who was their only child to reach adulthood. In 1878, the widower married
757:) was dredged at 20 feet depth during his term as governor, and several new schools were added to the city. The former constables and "City Night Watch" system from 1784 were replaced by a newly organized
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upon Baltimore City before election day had begun. Swann was angered, and insisted this was not necessary, but, recalling the events one year earlier, Ligon refused to lift the martial law status.
1274:"Archives of Maryland, Volume 0384, Page 0175 - Supplement to the Maryland Code, Containing the Acts of the General Assembly, Passed at the Sessions of 1861, 1861-62, 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867."
1265:"Archives of Maryland, Volume 0384, Page 0178 - Supplement to the Maryland Code, Containing the Acts of the General Assembly, Passed at the Sessions of 1861, 1861-62, 1864, 1865, 1866, and 1867."
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purchased the rest of what had been his father's land. Meanwhile, this Thomas Swann and his family lived on Franklin Street in Baltimore, and used his late father's Virginia property
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In Virginia, both his childhood home, now called the "Swann-Daingerfield House" and Morven Park still exist (although expanded by later owners) and have been listed on the
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of slaves following the War. By 1860, 49% of blacks in Maryland were already free, giving them a substantial position and economic strength in the years following the war.
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Maryland to fail. With a growing number of disaffected white men, Swann embarked on a campaign of "Redemption" and "restoring to Maryland a white man's government".
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Swann supported internal improvements to state infrastructure, especially after the war, and he is credited with greatly improving the facilities at the
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Swann returned to Alexandria after his father's death in 1840, but also continued as a railroad lawyer. Between 1837 and 1843 he was the assistant to
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He was re-elected in 1858, again with widespread violence prevalent, and won by over 19,000 votes due to a large amount of voter intimidation.
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in readiness to maintain order during the mayoral and municipal elections, as violence was anticipated. Hinks duly gave State Militia general
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system in Baltimore replacing the older omnibuses, the purchase from the Col. Nicholas Rogers estate and creation of the large tract for
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492:(1806-1876) was educated with him and later rose to prominence as a physician, philanthropist, and social reformer in Philadelphia.
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influential Congressmen this State or city ever had." Some of his family's papers are held by the University of Maryland library.
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since the 1970s. In addition, Alexandria named "Swann Avenue" near the former Potomac Railroad Yards, after him or the family.
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Frank F. White, Jr., The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970 (Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission), 165-170. available at
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Violence was greatly prevalent during Swann's term as mayor, especially during election campaigns. Then Maryland Governor
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During the mid-1850s, public order in Baltimore City had often been threatened by the election of candidates of the "
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A Democrat, in 1833 and possibly through his father's connections, Swann secured an appointment from President
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1347:"Democratization and the Disfranchisement of African Americans in the US South during the Late 19th Century"
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during this man's childhood. Although two of his brothers died between 1825 and 1829, Swann's elder brother
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1368:"Correspondence, 1782, 1800-1802, 1819-1846, 1872-1873, 1885-1909, and undated | Archival Collections"
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is named for him and also serves as an occasional athletic home for the former Southern High School (now
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Advisory Neighborhood Commission approved a resolution declaring that Swann Street is named after
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2016:
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A Catalogue of the Officers and Students of the University of Virginia. Fourth Session, 1827-1828
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https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001464/html/1464extbio.html
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during its nomination convention. He won election with lieutenant-governor running mate
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1852 B&O Railroad stock certificate signed in original by Thomas Swann as President.
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Hanging Henry Gambrill: The Violent Career of Baltimore's Plug Uglies from 1854 to 1860
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland
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In 1861, Swann left the American Party, which dissolved, and joined the wartime
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paid professional firefighters with the organization of the modern current
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Tuska, Benjamin (July 1925). "Know-Nothingism in Baltimore 1854-1860".
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alarm system. His office also oversaw the creation of the horse-drawn
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1090:. Charlottesville, VA: Chronicle Steam Book Printing House. p. 9.
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In 1857, fearing similar violence at the upcoming elections, Governor
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and other Virginia lawyers in the national government, would become
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1382:"Out of the Attic: The Swann-Daingerfield mansion on Prince Street"
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during his term as governor. He had strongly opposed requiring the
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1189:. Baltimore. March 2, 1896. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
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and East North Avenue) of Baltimore. In eulogy, the influential
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Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
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A later portrait of Mayor/Governor Thomas Swann, circa 1865-1880
656:". In October 1856 the "Know Nothing" previous incumbent Mayor
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was originally named after Thomas Swann. However, in 2022, the
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1433:. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. pp. 165–170.
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1056:. Annapolis: The Hall of Records Commission. pp. 165–170.
413:(February 3, 1809 – July 24, 1883) was an American lawyer and
1251:"The New Oyster License Law--the State Oyster Police Force".
713:" took many state offices in the heavily disputed balloting.
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Although Maryland was still a "slave state" at the time, the
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Describes Swann's career in the American Party in the 1850s.
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641:, although many men from southern Maryland counties and the
771:"Know Nothing" riots during the 1856 Presidential elections
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by over 9,000 votes. The only governor elected under the
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Ambivalent Americans: The Know-Nothing Party in Maryland
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so young Thomas bought 600 to 700 acres of land and the
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and gained access to the Ohio River Valley. Initially a
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Thomson Francis Mason and Thomas Swann Families papers
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863:. But, Radical Republicans had gained control of the
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in readiness. Swann's ally, Know-Nothing Congressman
1456:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
879:. He also encouraged immigration, and the immediate
789:. In 1864, he was unanimously nominated as the 33rd
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495:The Swann brothers attended Columbian College (now
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United States Attorney for the District of Columbia
1442:. The Baltimore Municipal Journal. pp. 93–98.
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820:of Maryland criticized Swann for supporting the
677:neighborhoods between "Know Nothings" and rival
523:as secretary of the United States Commission to
538:In 1834, Swann married an heiress and moved to
1489:. Vol. 11, no. 2. pp. 217–251.
456:(1869–1879), representing the Baltimore area.
290:November 10, 1856 – November 12, 1860
3195:Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
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1356:. Vol. 14, no. 4. pp. 580–602.
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920:, daughter of Representative ("Congressman")
1697:U.S. House of Representatives
1662:U.S. House of Representatives
891:In 1868, Swann was elected to Congress from
235:January 10, 1866 – January 13, 1869
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907:(Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses).
745:in 1860, overlooking the west banks of the
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1467:History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1424:. New York City: Doubleday Doran & Co.
1223:"| Nau Center for Civil War History, U.Va"
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868:disfranchise whites who had served in the
824:policies of Democratic and 17th President
769:sought Swann's assistance to try to avoid
645:did fight on the side of the Confederacy.
628:did not apply to it, because it was a non-
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3180:19th-century American railroad executives
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1002:, one of the first known LGBT activists.
964:Swann Park, off of South Hanover Street (
899:, serving three terms until 1879. In the
887:U.S. Congressional career and final years
703:First Light Division, Maryland Volunteers
660:was pressed by Baltimoreans to order the
169:U.S. House of Representatives
114:U.S. House of Representatives
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For other people named Thomas Swann, see
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39:This article includes a list of general
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840:for former Confederates in the state.
836:and registration laws promoted by the
652:" movement which became known as the "
192:March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873
137:March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1879
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1703:Maryland's 4th congressional district
1668:Maryland's 3rd congressional district
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985:National Register for Historic Places
897:Maryland's 4th congressional district
893:Maryland's 3rd congressional district
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450:Maryland's 3rd congressional district
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1431:The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970
1054:The Governors of Maryland 1777-1970
990:It is assumed that Swann Street in
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3170:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad people
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978:Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
480:and with political connections to
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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3200:19th-century American politicians
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944:. He is interred in the landmark
444:(1866–1869), and subsequently as
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1513:University of Maryland Libraries
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759:Baltimore City Police Department
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1086:University of Virginia (1880).
601:" movement (also known as the "
16:American politician (1809-1883)
3205:People from Leesburg, Virginia
3160:History of slavery in Maryland
1535:Melton, Tracy Matthew (2005).
1487:The Catholic Historical Review
1420:Andrews, Matthew Page (1929).
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731:Baltimore City Fire Department
417:who also was President of the
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2371:indicate acting officeholders
1695:Member of the
1660:Member of the
1645:U.S. House of Representatives
1396:"Swann Street Has a New Name"
1345:Tuck, Stephen (August 2007).
1005:
799:Maryland Constitution of 1864
635:Maryland Constitution of 1864
21:Thomas Swann (disambiguation)
1451:"Thomas Swann (id: S001092)"
928:, but they had no children.
905:Committee on Foreign Affairs
903:, Swann was chairman of the
853:General Assembly of Maryland
597:in 1856 as a member of the "
497:George Washington University
7:
1737:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1470:. Purdue University Press.
936:Swann died on his estate, "
855:nominated Swann to succeed
724:There were a great deal of
693:ordered commanding General
544:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
529:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
478:Virginia House of Delegates
433:, Swann served as the 19th
419:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
10:
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3165:Politicians from Baltimore
1023:"Thomas Swann (1809-1883)"
974:Digital Harbor High School
924:and widow of U.S. Senator
609:by over a thousand votes.
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470:First Families of Virginia
454:4th congressional district
437:(1856–1860), later as the
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1480:– via Google Books.
1438:Coyle, Wilbur F. (1919).
1183:"First American Railroad"
877:Baltimore Port and Harbor
626:Emancipation Proclamation
589:Know-Nothing Riot of 1856
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1549:Party political offices
1464:Stover, John F. (1987).
1449:United States Congress.
621:to aid in such arrest."
593:Swann was first elected
3210:Page family of Virginia
1525:Baker, Jean H. (1977).
1440:The Mayors of Baltimore
1029:. Archives of Maryland.
992:Northwest Washington DC
834:"ironclad" loyalty oath
343:July 24, 1883 (aged 74)
60:more precise citations.
3175:Maryland Know Nothings
2009:
1805:
1714:Robert Milligan McLane
918:Josephine Ward Thomson
901:United States Congress
848:
755:Baltimore Inner Harbor
699:Maryland State Militia
662:Maryland State Militia
567:
505:University of Virginia
160:Robert Milligan McLane
3150:Governors of Maryland
2008:
1958:C. Calvert, 5th Baron
1943:C. Calvert, 5th Baron
1853:C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
1838:C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
1804:
1786:Governors of Maryland
1240:. September 11, 1867.
1172:N.A. mILLER PP. 23-25
1154:N.A. Miller pp. 22-23
1145:N.A. Miller pp. 18-19
1136:N.A. Miller pp. 16-18
1100:N.A. Miller pp. 13-15
846:
726:internal improvements
607:Robert Clinton Wright
565:
460:Early life and career
448:("Congressman") from
1627:Governor of Maryland
1610:George William Brown
1568:Governor of Maryland
1429:White, Frank F. Jr.
1052:White, Frank F. Jr.
1000:William Dorsey Swann
946:Green Mount Cemetery
926:John Renshaw Thomson
861:United States Senate
808:Augustus W. Bradford
791:Governor of Maryland
781:Governor of Maryland
476:, had served in the
466:Alexandria, Virginia
442:Governor of Maryland
334:Alexandria, Virginia
313:George William Brown
223:Governor of Maryland
3155:Mayors of Baltimore
2412:Mayors of Baltimore
1747:William G. Harrison
1721:Business positions
1422:History of Maryland
1253:The Sun (1837-1989)
1238:The Sun (1837-1988)
1027:Biographical Series
857:John A. J. Creswell
838:Radical Republicans
818:Radical Republicans
540:Baltimore, Maryland
446:U.S. Representative
2010:
1806:
1679:William J. O'Brien
1600:Mayor of Baltimore
1585:Political offices
1384:. 7 February 2012.
1209:, pp. 63, 78.
942:Leesburg, Virginia
849:
812:American Civil War
795:Christopher C. Cox
707:Henry Winter Davis
595:Mayor of Baltimore
578:Mayor of Baltimore
568:
464:Swann was born in
435:Mayor of Baltimore
346:Leesburg, Virginia
278:Mayor of Baltimore
246:Christopher C. Cox
215:William J. O'Brien
3127:
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1796:(1632–1776)
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1711:Succeeded by
1676:Succeeded by
1654:Charles E. Phelps
1634:Succeeded by
1620:Augustus Bradford
1607:Succeeded by
1577:Succeeded by
1557:Augustus Bradford
1402:. August 30, 2022
1400:Washingtonian.com
1255:. April 10, 1868.
1187:The Baltimore Sun
1127:N.A. Miller p. 15
1109:N.A. Miller p. 14
950:Maryland Route 45
801:, Swann took the
695:George H. Steuart
666:George H. Steuart
490:Wilson Cary Swann
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3215:Swann family
3090:Ros-Lehtinen
2909:
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2368:
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2198:
2046:
2000:(since 1776)
1741:1848 – 1853
1734:
1729:Louis McLane
1694:
1689:John Ritchie
1659:
1625:
1598:
1593:Samuel Hinks
1566:nominee for
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1404:. Retrieved
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1333:Andrews 1929
1316:Andrews 1929
1299:Andrews 1929
1284:Andrews 1929
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1163:Miller p. 24
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881:emancipation
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850:
816:
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764:
723:
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701:to hold the
688:
658:Samuel Hinks
650:Know Nothing
647:
623:
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611:
599:Know Nothing
592:
572:Louis McLane
569:
537:
518:
494:
482:William Wirt
474:Thomas Swann
463:
427:Know-Nothing
411:Thomas Swann
410:
409:
308:Succeeded by
301:Samuel Hinks
285:
265:Succeeded by
230:
210:Succeeded by
187:
155:Succeeded by
148:John Ritchie
132:
92:Thomas Swann
72:
63:
44:
3145:1883 deaths
3140:1809 births
3035:Chiperfield
1794:Provincial
1207:Stover 1987
938:Morven Park
870:Confederacy
787:Union Party
775:martial law
751:Jones Falls
747:Jones Falls
639:Confederacy
630:Confederate
557:Morven Park
552:Morven Park
503:, then the
368:(1866–1879)
363:(1861–1866)
358:(1856–1860)
296:Preceded by
253:Preceded by
198:Preceded by
143:Preceded by
58:introducing
3134:Categories
3005:McReynolds
2885:Crittenden
2865:Pennington
2855:McClernand
2458:Montgomery
2448:Montgomery
2336:Glendening
2274:Harrington
2219:J. Carroll
2134:T. Carroll
1893:Greenberry
1858:B. Calvert
1833:P. Calvert
1813:L. Calvert
1708:1873–1879
1673:1869–1873
1637:Oden Bowie
1406:August 31,
1006:References
922:Aaron Ward
669:Baltimore/
415:politician
388:Politician
385:Profession
374:Alma mater
366:Democratic
270:Oden Bowie
241:Lieutenant
41:references
3000:Linthicum
2845:Ingersoll
2538:Blackburn
2508:Stansbury
2174:P. Thomas
2164:F. Thomas
2149:J. Thomas
2144:G. Howard
2037:J. Howard
2032:Smallwood
1908:Nicholson
1067:disagreed
762:created.
739:streetcar
735:telegraph
679:Democrats
671:Jonestown
452:and then
393:Signature
286:In office
276:19th
231:In office
221:33rd
188:In office
133:In office
3065:Hamilton
3055:Zablocki
3040:Richards
3030:Richards
2980:C. Smith
2950:McCreary
2935:McCreary
2920:Williams
2870:Clingman
2850:T. Smith
2708:O'Malley
2693:Schaefer
2683:McKeldin
2663:McKeldin
2653:Broening
2643:Broening
2598:Davidson
2558:Van Sant
2478:S. Smith
2428:T. Smith
2346:O'Malley
2331:Schaefer
2299:McKeldin
2264:Crothers
2259:Warfield
2234:H. Lloyd
2224:Hamilton
2204:O. Bowie
2194:Bradford
2094:R. Bowie
2089:E. Lloyd
2079:R. Bowie
1903:Lawrence
1883:Lawrence
1495:25012185
940:", near
865:Congress
675:Old Town
531:- later
431:Democrat
423:Wheeling
356:American
181:district
175:Maryland
126:district
120:Maryland
3060:Fascell
2965:Perkins
2960:Cousins
2930:Belmont
2875:Hopkins
2835:Cushing
2830:Pickens
2805:Everett
2800:Forsyth
2795:Russell
2703:Schmoke
2678:Goodman
2658:Jackson
2648:Jackson
2638:Preston
2628:Timanus
2613:Malster
2603:Latrobe
2593:Latrobe
2583:Latrobe
2573:Latrobe
2563:Latrobe
2548:Chapman
2518:Hollins
2468:Steuart
2453:Johnson
2443:Johnson
2433:Johnson
2423:Calhoun
2369:Italics
2341:Ehrlich
2289:O'Conor
2279:Ritchie
2249:Lowndes
2239:Jackson
2119:Stevens
2104:Ridgely
2017:Johnson
1923:Seymour
1843:Wharton
1828:Fendall
1542:office.
1511:at the
956:The Sun
859:to the
697:of the
54:improve
3110:McCaul
3085:Berman
3080:Lantos
3070:Gilman
3050:Morgan
3045:Gordon
2995:Temple
2990:Porter
2975:Sulzer
2970:Foster
2945:Blount
2925:Curtin
2880:Corwin
2825:Howard
2810:Archer
2633:Mahool
2623:McLane
2608:Hooper
2588:Hodges
2513:Jerome
2503:Davies
2493:Hillen
2483:Leakin
2438:Stiles
2326:Hughes
2320:B. Lee
2314:Mandel
2229:McLane
2214:Groome
2159:Grason
2154:Veazey
2139:Martin
2129:Martin
2114:Sprigg
2099:Winder
2084:Wright
2074:Mercer
2054:T. Lee
2042:Plater
2022:T. Lee
1998:State
1983:Sharpe
1978:Tasker
1968:Bladen
1938:Brooke
1898:Andros
1888:Andros
1878:Copley
1863:Joseph
1848:Notley
1818:Greene
1700:from
1665:from
1493:
1474:
525:Naples
515:Career
43:, but
3105:Meeks
3100:Engel
3095:Royce
3020:Bloom
3015:Eaton
3010:Bloom
2985:Flood
2910:Swann
2900:Myers
2895:Banks
2890:Davis
2860:Bayly
2840:Adams
2820:Mason
2815:Wayne
2733:Scott
2728:Young
2713:Dixon
2698:Burns
2673:Grady
2618:Hayes
2578:Whyte
2553:Banks
2543:Baker
2533:Brown
2528:Swann
2523:Hinks
2488:Brady
2463:Small
2356:Moore
2351:Hogan
2309:Agnew
2304:Tawes
2254:Smith
2244:Brown
2209:Whyte
2199:Swann
2189:Hicks
2184:Ligon
2169:Pratt
2064:Henry
2059:Stone
2048:Brice
1928:Lloyd
1918:Tench
1868:Coode
1823:Stone
1564:Union
1491:JSTOR
1350:(PDF)
533:Italy
499:) in
361:Union
173:from
118:from
3075:Hyde
2955:Hitt
2940:Hitt
2905:Orth
2723:Pugh
2568:Kane
2473:Hunt
2294:Lane
2284:Nice
2179:Lowe
2124:Kent
2069:Ogle
2027:Paca
1988:Eden
1973:Ogle
1963:Ogle
1953:Ogle
1933:Hart
1579:None
1573:1864
1472:ISBN
1408:2022
439:33rd
340:Died
328:Born
3025:Kee
2915:Cox
2498:Law
507:at
179:3rd
177:'s
124:4th
122:'s
3136::
1453:.
1398:.
1352:.
1323:^
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1291:^
1214:^
1185:.
1025:.
1014:^
980:.
2776:e
2769:t
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958:"
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673:/
527:(
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73:(
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64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
