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441:. His father, William Sumpter, was a miller and former indentured servant, while his mother, Elizabeth, was a midwife. His father was born in England, and Sumter was of English and Welsh descent. Most of Thomas Sumter's early years were spent tending livestock and helping his father at the mill, not in school. Given just a rudimentary education on the frontier, the young Sumter served in the Virginia militia, where he was present for
329:
647:. He recruited a new force, defeated Major James Wemyss in November, and repulsed an attack by Tarleton, in which he was wounded. Sumter was carried into the Blackstock house, where his surgeon, Dr. Nathaniel Abney, probed for and extracted the ball from under his left shoulder.
490:
According to
Timberlake's journal, at one point early in the nearly year and a half long journey, Sumter swam nearly a half-mile in the icy waters to retrieve their canoe, which had drifted away while they were exploring a cave. The party arrived in the Overhill town of
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543:
Sumter became stranded in South
Carolina due to financial difficulties. He petitioned the Virginia Colony for reimbursement of his travel expenses, but was denied. Subsequently, Sumter was imprisoned for debt in Virginia. When his friend and fellow soldier,
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of which he was later appointed colonel. in 1780 he was appointed brigadier general, a post he held until the end of the war. He participated in several battles in the early months of the war, including the campaign to prevent an
529:
While in
Williamsburg, Ostenaco professed a desire to meet the king of England, and in May 1762, Sumter traveled to England with Timberlake and three distinguished Cherokee leaders, including Ostenaco. Arriving in
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In 1781, in response to a low number of recruits, Sumter publicly implemented a bounty for
Continental Army recruiters, which stipulated that anyone who managed to recruit a certain number of volunteers for the
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2100:
796:
in 1868, Sumter
District was commonly referred to as the "Old Gamecock District". The use of this nickname continued after the name change, with the county thereafter being called the "Old Gamecock County".
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in early June, the
Indians were an immediate attraction, drawing crowds all over the city. The three Cherokee then accompanied Sumter back to America, landing in South Carolina on or about August 25, 1762.
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following the war. The small expeditionary party consisted of Sumter (who was partially financing the venture with borrowed money), Timberlake, an interpreter named John McCormack, and a servant.
40:
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789:, originally incorporated as Sumterville in 1845, was named for Thomas Sumter. The city has erected a memorial to him, and has been dubbed "The Gamecock City" after his nickname.
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898:, was founded in 1964. Their mascot is known as "the General" but does not visually resemble Thomas Sumter and is typically depicted as wearing a Civil War era uniform.
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and a tomahawk. Sumter used the money to buy his way out of jail in 1766. When Martin and Sumter were reunited some thirty years later, Sumter repaid the money.
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425:, where he served from 1801 to 1810, when he retired. Sumter was nicknamed the "Fighting Gamecock" for his military tactics during the Revolutionary War.
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765:, at the age of 97. Sumter was the last surviving American general of the Revolutionary War. He is buried at the Thomas Sumter Memorial Park in
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Sumter's nickname, "Fighting
Gamecock", has become one of several traditional nicknames for a native of South Carolina. For example, the
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as a reward. Sumter acquired the nickname "Carolina
Gamecock" during the American Revolution, for his fierce fighting tactics. After the
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405:(August 14, 1734 – June 1, 1832) was an American military officer, planter, and politician who served in the
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572:. He married Mary Jameson in 1767. Together, they opened several small businesses and eventually became members of the
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1468:
679:, serving from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793, and from March 4, 1797, to December 15, 1801. He later served in the
643:, and intercepted and defeated an enemy convoy. Later, however, his regiment was almost annihilated by forces led by
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332:
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is a "Gamecock" and the school's sports teams refer to themselves as the "Sumter High
Gamecocks" in honor of Sumter.
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ceremony. In the following weeks, Sumter and the group attended peace ceremonies in several
Overhill towns, such as
471:, in 1761, Sumter was invited to join what was to become known as the "Timberlake Expedition", organized by Colonel
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1107:
The Memoirs of Lt. Henry Timberlake: The Story of a Soldier, Adventurer, and Emissary to the Cherokees, 1756–1765
1909:
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commented that Sumter "fought like a gamecock", and Cornwallis described the Gamecock as his "greatest plague".
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Thomas Sumter and his actions served as one of the models for the fictional character of Benjamin Martin in
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Other schools within South Carolina have been named after Sumter or utilize a Gamecock as their mascot.
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872:'s official nickname is the "Gamecocks". Since 1903, the college's teams have been simply known as the "
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Anti-Administration Party members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
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683:, having been selected by the legislature to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator
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857:, was named in his honor. The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the
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1326:"General Thomas Sumter, A Brother and Other Members of the Family that Lived in Caldwell Co, NC"
714:
605:. Perhaps his greatest military achievement was his partisan campaigning, which contributed to
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1514:"Gen. Thomas Sumter: Biography of "The Gamecock" Is by South Carolinian, Dr. Anne King Georgie"
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Sumter died on June 1, 1832, at his slave plantation "South Mount", which was located near
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479:, who had volunteered for the assignment. The purpose of the expedition was to visit the
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1984:
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1122:'They Were Good Soldiers': African-Americans Serving in the Continental Army, 1775-1783
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Sumter raised a local militia group in Stateburg. In February 1776, Sumter was elected
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1307:"Thomas Sumter Papers, Draper Manuscripts, Statement from Joel Sumter to Lyman Draper"
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Memoirs of Aaron Burr: With Miscellaneous Selections from His Correspondence
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Sumter shares a monument, erected in 1913, on the state capitol grounds in
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1027:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
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Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
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Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from South Carolina
19:
This article is about the 18th-century general. For his grandson, see
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687:. Sumter resigned from his seat in the Senate on December 16, 1810.
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of the Cherokee, arriving on the James River in early April 1762.
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1313:. 8VV344-349 : 344–349 – via Wisconsin Historical Society.
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During fighting in August 1780, he defeated a combined force of
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on December 20, where they were greeted by the town's head man,
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568:, in the Claremont District (later the Sumter District) in the
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1724:
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Sumter's older brother, William Sumter, was a captain in the
499:(or "Mankiller") and soon found themselves participants in a
16:
American military officer, planter and politician (1734–1832)
876:". The costumed mascot of the University is referred to as
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1074:
Gamecock: The Life and Campaigns of General Thomas Sumter
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published the first biography of General Sumter in 1931.
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Counties in four states are named for Sumter. These are
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After the Revolutionary War, Sumter was elected to the
1332:. The Lenoir Topic, Lenoir, North Carolina. p. 1
1212:
Burr, Aaron (1837). Davis, Matthew Livingston (ed.).
1281:"The North Carolina Patriots – Capt. William Sumter"
950:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
2146:
People of South Carolina in the American Revolution
1453:
1255:"General Thomas Sumter and Brother William Sumter"
1071:
1055:Timberlake, Henry (1948). Williams, Samuel (ed.).
620:Statue of Thomas Sumter on the courthouse lawn in
1602:March 4, 1797 – December 15, 1801
1078:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p.
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1681:November 14, 1819 – June 1, 1832
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701:United States Ambassador to the Portuguese Court
2136:People of Virginia in the French and Indian War
1163:A Lady of the High Hills: Natalie Delage Sumter
894:Thomas Sumter Academy, a private school within
1457:Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins
966:Selected Readings in American Military History
76:December 15, 1801 – December 16, 1810
1710:
1567:March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793
1098:
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1591:U.S. House of Representatives
1556:U.S. House of Representatives
1482:
1480:
1352:"Thomas Sumter (U.S. National Park Service)"
2141:Militia generals in the American Revolution
1597:South Carolina's 4th congressional district
1562:South Carolina's 4th congressional district
1523:. November 15, 1931. p. 5 – via
835:with two other Revolutionary War generals:
559:
417:. After the war, Sumter was elected to the
1726:United States senators from South Carolina
1717:
1703:
1632:U.S. senator (Class 2) from South Carolina
1238:True for the Cause of Liberty: The Second
1054:
695:Thomas' son, Thomas Sumter Jr., served in
130:March 4, 1797 – December 15, 1801
38:
1477:
1463:. Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 215.
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1059:. Marietta, Georgia: Continental Book Co.
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734:as his ward, alongside his own daughter
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2151:United States senators who owned slaves
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463:Plaque at the South Carolina statehouse
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1304:
1201:from the original on January 17, 2018.
1105:Timberlake, Henry. King, Duane (ed.).
1104:
1086:
677:United States House of Representatives
161:March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793
2126:People from Stateburg, South Carolina
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917:, a motion picture released in 2000.
824:. Both are named for Thomas Sumter.
742:, served in the U.S. Army during the
713:
2086:People from Hanover County, Virginia
1323:
1236:Gilbert, Oscar E. and Catherine R.;
1211:
1205:
1144:
1119:
1069:
730:from 1794 to 1801 by Vice President
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969:. Infantry School. 1953. p. 70
670:
483:towns and renew alliances with the
13:
2111:American people of English descent
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927:
14:
2167:
2131:19th-century American legislators
1435:. Newspapers.com. August 23, 1881
1166:. Univ. of South Carolina Press.
2116:American people of Welsh descent
1908:
1244:; p. 194; ISBN 978-1-61200-328-3
816:The unincorporated community of
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281:
269:
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1447:
1421:
1409:. Newspapers.com. March 8, 1854
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1317:
1305:Sumter, Joel (August 1, 1874).
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1230:
1147:The Road to Guilford Courthouse
996:. University of South Carolina.
1403:"Calhoun Monument Association"
1113:
957:
1:
2091:People from colonial Virginia
1589:Member of the
1554:Member of the
1539:U.S. House of Representatives
1324:Kent, A.A. (April 27, 1897).
988:Lockhart, Matthew A. (2016).
945:"Thomas Sumter (id: S001073)"
920:
767:Sumter County, South Carolina
663:, British Lieutenant Colonel
655:would receive Loyalist-owned
428:
244:Sumter County, South Carolina
242:Thomas Sumter Memorial Park,
108:U.S. House of Representatives
1261:. August 21, 1907. p. 2
870:University of South Carolina
772:
7:
1678:Oldest living U.S. senator
1454:Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975).
1187:Schachner, Nathan (1961) .
994:South Carolina Encyclopedia
853:, a fort planned after the
661:Battle of Blackstock's Farm
576:, acquiring ownership over
386:Battle of Blackstock's Farm
343:2nd South Carolina Regiment
254:Democratic-Republican Party
10:
2172:
1242:in the American Revolution
781:Gravesite of Thomas Sumter
720:Nathalie de Lage de Volude
609:' decision to abandon the
584:American Revolutionary War
452:
433:Thomas Sumter was born in
361:American Revolutionary War
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1433:The Watchman and Southron
1259:The Watchman and Southron
977:– via Google Books.
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763:Stateburg, South Carolina
738:. His grandson, Colonel
699:from 1810 to 1819 as the
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566:Stateburg, South Carolina
522:, accompanied by several
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1377:"History & Heritage"
1160:Tisdale, Thomas (2001).
1124:. Helion & Company.
943:United States Congress.
880:, short for "Gamecock".
874:South Carolina Gamecocks
756:
560:Family life and business
419:House of Representatives
1190:Aaron Burr: A Biography
1024:Encyclopædia Britannica
792:Prior to being renamed
376:Battle of Fishing Creek
1120:Rees, John U. (2019).
1018:"Sumter, Thomas"
908:Dr. Anne King Gregorie
843:
822:Sumter County, Florida
820:is the former seat of
787:Sumter, South Carolina
782:
709:Natalie De Lage Sumter
628:
520:Williamsburg, Virginia
518:The party returned to
464:
381:Battle of Fishdam Ford
371:Battle of Hanging Rock
1492:Thomas Sumter Academy
1220:Harper & Brothers
1070:Bass, Robert (1961).
863:Battle of Fort Sumter
830:
780:
740:Thomas De Lage Sumter
707:. Thomas Jr.'s wife,
619:
539:Imprisonment for debt
462:
455:Timberlake Expedition
449:Timberlake Expedition
366:Battle of Rocky Mount
356:Timberlake Expedition
308:Years of service
59:United States Senator
21:Thomas De Lage Sumter
2121:High Hills of Santee
818:Sumterville, Florida
726:. She was raised in
703:during its exile to
681:United States Senate
570:High Hills of Santee
172:Position established
861:were fired, at the
744:Second Seminole War
653:South Carolina Line
603:invasion of Georgia
598:South Carolina Line
1638:Served alongside:
1429:"The Atlanta Fair"
1381:City of Sumter, SC
1311:Draper Manuscripts
1093:St James Chronicle
1057:Memoirs, 1756–1765
889:Sumter High School
859:American Civil War
844:
783:
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590:lieutenant colonel
564:Sumter settled in
469:Anglo-Cherokee War
467:At the end of the
465:
439:Colony of Virginia
2106:American planters
2063:
2062:
1693:
1692:
1684:Succeeded by
1654:Succeeded by
1636:1801–1810
1605:Succeeded by
1570:Succeeded by
1407:The Sumter Banner
1173:978-1-57003-415-2
1131:978-1-9116-2854-5
851:Charleston Harbor
751:Revolutionary War
724:French Revolution
665:Banastre Tarleton
645:Banastre Tarleton
578:slave plantations
481:Overhill Cherokee
415:Revolutionary War
411:brigadier-general
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333:Brigadier General
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1912:
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1669:Preceded by
1664:Honorary titles
1625:Charles Pinckney
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1383:. August 4, 2018
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685:Charles Pinckney
671:Political career
477:Henry Timberlake
407:Continental Army
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312:Virginia militia
302:Continental Army
298:Virginia militia
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1525:Newspapers.com
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1330:Newspapers.com
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1152:
1149:. p. 393.
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1030:
1015:, ed. (1911).
1013:Chisholm, Hugh
999:
980:
956:
925:
924:
922:
919:
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901:
900:
899:
892:
887:The mascot of
841:Andrew Pickens
837:Francis Marion
802:South Carolina
774:
771:
758:
755:
697:Rio de Janeiro
692:
689:
672:
669:
626:South Carolina
613:for Virginia.
585:
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537:
453:Main article:
450:
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435:Hanover County
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291:
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229:(aged 97)
223:
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200:
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105:Member of the
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1649:John Gaillard
1646:
1645:Pierce Butler
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896:Sumter County
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728:New York City
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581:
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574:planter class
571:
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557:
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551:
548:, arrived in
547:
546:Joseph Martin
536:
533:
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403:Thomas Sumter
395:
387:
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288:United States
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245:
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239:Resting place
237:
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91:
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68:
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60:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
32:Thomas Sumter
29:
26:
22:
1754:
1677:
1639:
1630:
1608:Richard Winn
1588:
1583:Richard Winn
1573:Richard Winn
1553:
1547:
1518:
1507:
1497:December 21,
1495:. Retrieved
1491:
1456:
1449:
1439:December 21,
1437:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1413:December 21,
1411:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1387:December 21,
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1371:
1361:December 21,
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1329:
1319:
1310:
1300:
1290:December 20,
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1265:December 20,
1263:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1237:
1232:
1218:. New York:
1214:
1207:
1195:A. S. Barnes
1189:
1182:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1109:. UNC Press.
1106:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1073:
1065:
1056:
1022:
993:
983:
971:. Retrieved
965:
959:
948:
912:
906:
882:
867:
845:
799:
791:
785:The city of
784:
760:
748:
712:
694:
674:
649:
641:Hanging Rock
639:regulars at
637:British Army
630:
587:
563:
542:
528:
517:
489:
473:Adam Stephen
466:
432:
402:
401:
349:Battles/wars
227:(1832-06-01)
225:June 1, 1832
184:Richard Winn
179:Succeeded by
171:
156:
150:Richard Winn
146:Succeeded by
140:Richard Winn
125:
94:Succeeded by
71:
44:Portrait by
25:
2081:1832 deaths
2076:1734 births
1805:De Saussure
1657:John Taylor
1616:U.S. Senate
1356:www.nps.gov
1336:January 20,
915:The Patriot
855:War of 1812
847:Fort Sumter
524:Beloved Men
475:and led by
445:'s defeat.
421:and to the
413:during the
319:(1776–1781)
167:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
99:John Taylor
82:Preceded by
2070:Categories
1222:. p.
973:October 4,
921:References
732:Aaron Burr
501:peace pipe
429:Early life
265:Allegiance
205:1734-08-14
1990:Patterson
1975:A. Butler
1940:P. Butler
1830:M. Butler
1825:Robertson
1740:P. Butler
1520:The State
1488:"History"
773:Namesakes
736:Theodosia
633:Loyalists
611:Carolinas
513:Chilhowee
157:In office
126:In office
72:In office
48:(c. 1795)
2045:Hollings
2035:Johnston
2025:E. Smith
2010:McLaurin
1970:McDuffie
1955:W. Smith
1945:Gaillard
1895:Thurmond
1885:Thurmond
1815:A. Hayne
1795:Barnwell
1770:R. Hayne
1765:W. Smith
1750:Pinckney
1199:Archived
833:Columbia
550:Staunton
497:Ostenaco
493:Tomotley
485:Cherokee
339:Commands
119:district
2040:Russell
2015:Latimer
1995:Hampton
1980:Hammond
1965:Preston
1935:Colhoun
1918:Class 3
1890:Wofford
1875:Maybank
1865:Lumpkin
1845:Pollock
1835:Tillman
1820:Chesnut
1785:Calhoun
1775:Calhoun
1733:Class 2
814:Georgia
810:Alabama
806:Florida
596:of the
592:of the
554:guineas
437:in the
314:(1755)
2050:DeMint
1985:Sawyer
1960:Miller
1950:Harper
1900:Graham
1880:Daniel
1860:Byrnes
1855:Blease
1790:Elmore
1760:Taylor
1755:Sumter
1745:Hunter
1594:from
1559:from
1467:
1170:
1128:
903:Legacy
812:, and
705:Brazil
691:Family
657:slaves
622:Sumter
532:London
511:, and
509:Citico
423:Senate
274:
2055:Scott
2005:Earle
1925:Izard
1870:Peace
1840:Benet
1810:Evans
1800:Rhett
1780:Huger
1461:(PDF)
878:Cocky
757:Death
505:Chota
409:as a
231:Near
111:from
62:from
2030:Hall
2020:Gary
2000:Irby
1930:Read
1850:Dial
1499:2022
1465:ISBN
1441:2022
1415:2022
1389:2022
1363:2022
1338:2023
1292:2020
1267:2020
1226:n.1.
1168:ISBN
1126:ISBN
975:2022
839:and
635:and
324:Rank
222:Died
199:Born
1224:387
849:in
715:née
117:4th
115:'s
2072::
1647:,
1643:,
1517:.
1490:.
1479:^
1431:.
1405:.
1379:.
1354:.
1328:.
1309:.
1283:.
1257:.
1197:.
1193:.
1033:^
1021:.
1002:^
992:.
947:.
929:^
865:.
808:,
804:,
769:.
753:.
624:,
580:.
515:.
507:,
214:,
1718:e
1711:t
1704:v
1527:.
1501:.
1473:.
1443:.
1417:.
1391:.
1365:.
1340:.
1294:.
1269:.
1176:.
1134:.
1082:.
1080:9
953:.
711:(
207:)
203:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
