31:
476:, both which attribute the fountain to Francini. De Brosse is sometimes credited with designing the fountain, but he died in the same year the fountain was built, and before his death he was involved in a lawsuit with Marie de' Medici over non-payment of his fee; court documents detailed all the work he had done for the Queen, and there was no mention of the fountain. See Luigi Gallo, pg. 56.
127:, apparently derived from Francini drawings. The waterworks and automata at Saint-Germain-en-Laye were the most elaborate such things that had been seen in France up to that time, and Alexandre Francini's engravings of the brothers' works served to mark a distinct stage in the importation and transformation of Italian features in the creation of the
122:
and
Neptune; on the next level, the Grotto of Hercules was flanked by two further grottoes; that on one side was devoted to Perseus and Andromeda, in which the delicately counterbalanced hero was made to descend from the ceiling by the hidden weight of water and slay a dragon that arose from the
321:: "et in Pratolino, perché quelle statue si voltino, suonino, gettino acqua, sono tanti e tanti artifizi stupendi in luoghi occulti, che chi gli vedesse tutti insieme, ne n'andrebbe in estasi". Quoted by Claudio Mutini, "Il Corpo del Gigante: morfologia e varianti 'umanistiche'
72:
described thus in 1586: "the statues there turn about, play music, jet streams of water, are so many and such stupendous artworks in hidden places, that one who saw them all together would be in ecstasies over them."
123:
basin, and on the other a Grotto of
Orpheus. The only trace of these features, whose high maintenance requirements cut their careers short when the court moved permanently to Fontainebleau, are in some engravings by
196:
The
Francini brothers founded a dynasty of French fountain engineers; a younger Francini worked on fountains in the early stages of Versailles, especially the Grotto of Thetis (completed 1668, described by
229:. As the designer-engineer in charge of the waterworks at Fontainbleau, Tommaso Francini was responsible for fountains and grottoes; among other things, he devised the fountain rebuilt when the "
555:, texts assembled by Dominque Massounie, Pauline-Prevost-Marcilhacy and Daniel Rabreau, DĂ©legation Ă l'action artistique de la Ville de Paris, Collection Paris et son Patrimoine, Paris, 1995.
430:
James Laver's remarks on the innovation by
Lautenschläger used in 1896 for presenting Mozart operas, are noted by Harold M. Priest, "Marino, Leonardo, Francini, and the Revolving Stage"
138:
Not all of
Tommaso Francini's mechanisms for courtly entertainments were garden features. He was the designer of a revolving stage-set for an elaborately produced pageant,
104:
to the reservoir in the vaulted area that supported the terrace. From there, through a series of secondary tubes, the water had sufficient head to operate
77:
61:
201:, 1676 and demolished for the enlargement of the château 1686). Members of the Francini clan were still at work in the eighteenth century.
397:.1 (Winter 1964, pp. 24-42) p. 28; see also Louis de Tourrasse, "Le Château-neuf de Saint-Germain-en-Laye: ses terrasses et ses grottes"
330:
237:
marble pedestal with bronze hunting dogs and stag's heads by Pierre Briard, 1603, which
Francini plumbed to spit water, all set in a
233:" was removed from Fontainebleau to the Louvre, using Prieur's bronze replica cast from it in 1605, which Francini set upon a high
608:
146:; several contemporaries remarked on the impressive innovation, which was reinvented in the late nineteenth century, at the
220:
97:
297:
The cascade at Rueil was replaced by lawn in 1720 and the park was remodelled by the
Empress Josephine as part of her
613:
17:
226:
618:
210:
65:
346:
177:, engineering the aqueduct that brought water from the little river of Rungis to the gardens and his
290:
151:
298:
370:
285:. In turn the formal Cascade of Rueil down thirty steps inspired more naturalistic cascades at
118:. The upper grottoes on the third terrace opened from a Doric gallery and featured a dragon, a
100:. The main feature there was a great fountain, from which water was channeled and conducted in
623:
270:
326:
633:
628:
571:
Marina Longo, "La figura di
Tommaso Francini, architetto scenografo alla corte di Francia"
286:
244:
166:
128:
294:
147:
34:
Abraham Bosse after
Francini, one of the (unbuilt?) fountains of St-Germain-en-Laye, 1624.
8:
592:
230:
198:
170:
81:
378:
254:
278:
277:. It has been suggested that Rueil's cascade and gardens were inspired by those of the
85:
69:
262:
186:
182:
174:
143:
135:, dripping with stony icicles, were familiar features again in Victorian gardens.
334:
248:
178:
561:, Yves-Marie Allain and Janine Christiany, Citadelles & Mazenod, Paris, 2006
189:
in Paris. Alessandro
Francini engraved views of the fountains and brought out a
602:
124:
114:
374:
258:
131:(Adams 1979:46) and far beyond: cast-iron versions of Francini's two-basin
101:
30:
214:
119:
88:
of France. Their first project, begun in 1598, was to provide fountains,
193:
in 1631 that featured many fantastically rusticated doorways and gates.
80:, was persuaded to part with the Francini brothers in 1597 by his niece
57:
390:
Silvio A. Bedini, "The Role of Automata in the History of Technology"
234:
109:
93:
282:
238:
154:, who was present and recreated the illusion in his directions for
54:
274:
588:
223:. Grottos and fountains, engraved in 1614 by Alexandre Francini.
105:
89:
457:
Intendant général des jardins et fontaines de Royne, sa mère
492:
No. 894 (September 1977, pp. 609-619, 621), p. 613 note 19.
419:
Saint-Germain-en'Laye. La Premier Gallérie des Grottes
553:
Paris et ses fontaines, de la Renaissance Ă nos jours
150:, Munich but no one was more impressed than the poet
421:, 1597, are illustrated in Adams 1983:figs. 45, 46.
485:Noted by Anthony Blunt, "Rubens and Architecture"
600:
319:Delle meravigliose opere di Pratolino e d'Amore
468:See Yves Marie Allain and Janine Christiany,
62:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
437:.1 (Spring 1982, pp. 36-60) p. 37, note 3.
92:, waterworks and, above all, water-driven
41:(1571–1651) and his younger brother
169:, Francini remained in the employ of the
76:Francesco de' Medici's heir, his brother
29:
548:Jardins français créés à la renaissance
112:that were a prized feature of Francini
14:
601:
595:, with 3 library catalogue records
503:Description de la grotte de Versailles
60:and garden designers. They worked for
96:for the series of garden terraces at
140:Le ballet de la délivrance de Renaud
108:fountains and animate the elaborate
514:Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny
415:La fontaine rustique, Fontainebleau
347:"Marie de' Medici, Queen of France"
173:, the Queen Mother. He worked with
142:, presented in January 1617 at the
24:
565:
25:
645:
582:
204:
221:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
521:
508:
495:
479:
273:, lay at the end of the Grande
27:Florentine hydraulics engineers
462:
449:
440:
424:
407:
384:
364:
339:
311:
247:, Paris. Aqueduct, grotto and
13:
1:
539:Adams, William Howard, 1979.
533:
269:completed about 1638 for the
609:Italian landscape architects
158:with its elaborately staged
7:
559:L'Art des jardins en Europe
541:The French Garden 1500–1800
470:L'art des jardins en Europe
10:
650:
589:Francine, Alexandre, –1648
211:Villa Medicea di Pratolino
66:Villa Medicea di Pratolino
257:. In gardens laid out by
305:
227:Château de Fontainebleau
152:Giovanni Battista Marino
614:Engineers from Florence
487:The Burlington Magazine
333:March 21, 2005, at the
68:, whose water features
474:Paris et ses Fontaines
399:Gazette des Beaux-Arts
392:Technology and Culture
35:
543:(New York: Braziller)
516:Taste and the Antique
472:, and Luigi Gallo in
432:Renaissance Quarterly
271:Cardinal de Richelieu
98:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
33:
317:Francesco de Vieri,
299:Château de Malmaison
245:Palais du Luxembourg
213:. Fountains and the
191:Livre d'architecture
187:Palais de Luxembourg
129:French formal garden
58:hydraulics engineers
593:Library of Congress
546:Marie, Alfred 1955.
231:Diana of Versailles
64:, above all at the
43:Alessandro Francini
381:a century earlier.
279:Villa Aldobrandini
181:and grotto in the
70:Francesco de Vieri
51:Alexandre Francine
36:
619:Italian gardeners
351:The Medici Family
295:Château de Sceaux
263:Jacques Lemercier
183:Luxembourg Garden
175:Salomon de Brosse
133:Fontaine rustique
16:(Redirected from
641:
528:
525:
519:
512:
506:
499:
493:
483:
477:
466:
460:
459:(Adams 1979:58).
453:
447:
444:
438:
428:
422:
411:
405:
404:(1924), pp 98ff.
388:
382:
379:Château de Blois
368:
362:
361:
359:
357:
343:
337:
315:
255:Château de Rueil
171:Marie de' Medici
165:In the reign of
144:Palais du Louvre
53:in France) were
39:Tommaso Francini
21:
649:
648:
644:
643:
642:
640:
639:
638:
599:
598:
585:
573:Teatro e Storia
568:
566:Further reading
536:
531:
526:
522:
513:
509:
500:
496:
484:
480:
467:
463:
454:
450:
445:
441:
429:
425:
412:
408:
389:
385:
377:from Naples to
369:
365:
355:
353:
345:
344:
340:
335:Wayback Machine
316:
312:
308:
249:Medici Fountain
207:
179:Medici Fountain
148:Residenztheater
47:Thomas Francine
28:
23:
22:
18:Thomas Francini
15:
12:
11:
5:
647:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
597:
596:
584:
583:External links
581:
580:
579:
567:
564:
563:
562:
556:
550:
544:
535:
532:
530:
529:
520:
507:
494:
478:
461:
448:
439:
423:
406:
383:
363:
338:
309:
307:
304:
303:
302:
261:to designs of
252:
242:
224:
218:
206:
205:Selected works
203:
199:André Félibien
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
646:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
604:
594:
590:
587:
586:
577:
574:
570:
569:
560:
557:
554:
551:
549:
545:
542:
538:
537:
527:Chanson 1998.
524:
517:
511:
504:
498:
491:
488:
482:
475:
471:
465:
458:
452:
443:
436:
433:
427:
420:
416:
410:
403:
400:
396:
393:
387:
380:
376:
372:
367:
352:
348:
342:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
310:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:Grand Cascade
265:, Francini's
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
208:
202:
200:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
125:Abraham Bosse
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:, married to
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
624:Brother duos
575:
572:
558:
552:
547:
540:
523:
515:
510:
505:(Paris 1676)
502:
497:
489:
486:
481:
473:
469:
464:
456:
451:
446:Priest 1982.
442:
434:
431:
426:
418:
414:
409:
401:
398:
394:
391:
386:
375:Fra Giocondo
373:had brought
371:Charles VIII
366:
354:. Retrieved
350:
341:
327:on-line text
322:
318:
313:
266:
259:Jean Thiriot
195:
190:
164:
159:
155:
139:
137:
132:
113:
102:siphon tubes
75:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:
634:1651 deaths
629:1571 births
215:water organ
120:water organ
603:Categories
534:References
501:Felibien,
287:Versailles
167:Louis XIII
160:intermezzi
115:jeux d'eau
78:Ferdinando
55:Florentine
518:1981:196.
356:1 January
235:Mannerist
331:Archived
323:Aperture
291:St-Cloud
283:Frascati
239:parterre
110:automata
94:automata
90:grottoes
86:Henri IV
293:and at
185:of her
156:L'Adone
106:grotto
306:Notes
275:Allée
82:Maria
417:and
413:His
358:2020
49:and
45:(or
591:at
490:119
455:as
329:).
281:at
605::
576:24
435:35
349:.
289:,
162:.
578:.
402:9
395:5
360:.
325:(
301:.
251:.
241:.
217:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
