722:, a ratio of a person's weight to their height, has traditionally been used to assess the health of a person as it pertains to weight: under the cut-off point at a BMI of 18.5, a person is considered underweight. The calculation is either weight in kilograms divided by height in meters, squared, or weight in pounds times 703, divided by height in inches, squared. Another measure of underweight is through comparison to the average weight of a cohort of people of a similar age and height: people who are at least 15% to 20% below the average weight for the group are considered underweight.
50:
858:(JHSPH), "Underweight status ... and micronutrient deficiencies also cause decreases in immune and non-immune host defenses, and should be classified as underlying causes of death if followed by infectious diseases that are the terminal associated causes." People who are malnourished raise special concerns, as not only gross caloric intake may be inadequate, but also intake and absorption of other vital nutrients, especially essential
826:
A common belief is that healthy underweight individuals can ‘eat what they want’ and then burn it off either by high levels of activity or elevated metabolism. It has been shown, however, that individuals with BMI < 18.5 eat about 12% less calories than individuals with normal BMI (21.5 to 25) and
752:
Using the body mass index as a measure of weight-related health, with data from 2014, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight in women and men were 9.7% and 8.8%, respectively. These values were lower than what was reported for 1975 as 14.6% and 13.8%, respectively, indicating a worldwide
911:, formerly known as female athlete triad: when disordered eating or excessive exercise cause amenorrhea, hormone changes during ovulation leads to loss of bone mineral density. After this low bone mineral density causes the first spontaneous fractures, the damage is often irreversible.
948:
increases body mass. Weight lifting exercises are effective in helping to improve muscle tone as well as helping with weight gain. Weight lifting has also been shown to improve bone mineral density, which underweight people are more likely to lack.
1941:
2127:
2112:
2006:
Coin, A.; G. Sergi; P. Benincà; L. Lupoli; G. Cinti; L. Ferrara; G. Benedetti; G. Tomasi; C. Pisent; G. Enzi (2000). "Bone
Mineral Density and Body Composition in Underweight and Normal Elderly Subjects".
918:
people, the effect is much less drastic when restricted to non-smokers with no history of disease, suggesting that smoking and disease-related weight loss are the leading causes of the observed effect.
744:
defines the amount of essential fat, below which a person is underweight, as 10–13% for women and 2–5% for men. The greater amount of essential body fat in women supports reproductive function.
1682:
2613:
1963:
Gleeson, Peggy; Elizabeth J. Protas; Adrian D. Leblanc; Victor S. Schneider; Harlan J. Evans (February 1990). "Effects of weight lifting on bone mineral density in premenopausal women".
936:
intake. This can be done by eating a sufficient volume of sufficiently calorie-dense foods. Body weight may also be increased through the consumption of liquid nutritional supplements.
1445:
Hira, S. K.; H. L. Dupont; D. N. Lanjewar; Y. N. Dholakia (1998). "Severe weight loss: the predominant clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection in India".
741:
1222:"Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants"
827:
they are 23% less physically active (by accelerometry). Underweight people tend to have low appetites and typically eat little, sporadically or infrequently.
1731:
Nattiv; Agostini, R; Drinkwater, B; Yeager, KK (1994). "The female athlete triad. The inter-relatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis".
2181:
1696:
Gjesdal; Halse, JI; Eide, GE; Brun, JG; Tell, GS (2008). "Impact of lean mass and fat mass on bone mineral density: the
Hordaland Health Study".
1315:
1199:
623:
842:
Being underweight can also cause other conditions, in which case it is primary. Severely underweight individuals may have poor physical
964:, which results in an overall increase in mass. This can happen through an increase in muscle proteins, or through enhanced storage of
815:
problems may be unable to absorb nutrients adequately. People with certain eating disorders can also be underweight due to one or more
877:
In women, being severely underweight, often as a result of an eating disorder or due to excessive strenuous exercise, can result in
1148:
Pasco, Julie A.; Holloway, Kara L.; Dobbins, Amelia G.; Kotowicz, Mark A.; Williams, Lana J.; Brennan, Sharon L. (23 June 2014).
1638:
Black, Robert E.; Morris, Saul S.; Bryce, Jennifer (28 June 2003), "Where and Why are 10 Million
Children Dying Every Year?",
855:
1150:"Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional, population-based study"
2174:
908:
207:
839:, in which case it is secondary. Unexplained weight loss may require a professional medical diagnosis by a physician.
1474:"Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a "new disorder" in DSM-5"
164:
1567:"Higher than predicted resting energy expenditure and lower physical activity in healthy underweight Chinese adults"
728:
has been suggested as another way to assess whether a person is underweight. Unlike the body mass index, which is a
1401:
2484:
2452:
2256:
2198:
982:
Certain drugs may increase appetite either as their primary effect or as a side effect. Antidepressants, such as
616:
392:
914:
Although being underweight has been reported to increase mortality at rates comparable to that seen in morbidly
2167:
1052:
580:
1515:"Cognitive-behavioral therapy and nutritional counseling in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating"
2050:
Homnick, Douglas N. (2005). "Long-term trial of cyproheptadine as an appetite stimulant in cystic fibrosis".
213:
1092:
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370:
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1829:
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83:
31:
1835:
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1100:. The Surveillance of Risk Factors Report Series (SuRF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 22.
188:
1534:
2554:
2142:
792:
585:
17:
1380:
968:
in muscles. Exercise can also help stimulate the appetite of a person who is not inclined to eat.
2266:
1766:
Wilson; Wolman, RL (1994). "Osteoporosis and fracture complications in an amenorrhoeic athlete".
1293:
890:
545:
452:
140:
109:
2344:
1529:
1402:"Hyperthyroidism Symptoms - Signs and symptoms caused by excessive amounts of thyroid hormones"
1111:
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570:
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321:
281:
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1472:
Fisher MM, Rosen DS, Ornstein RM, Mammel KA, Katzman DK, Rome ES, et al. (July 2014).
999:
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507:
241:
8:
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2499:
2131:
1565:
Hu, S.; Zhang X.; Stamatiou M.; Hambly C.; Huang Y.; Ma J.; Li Y.; Speakman J.R. (2022).
1006:), all present an increase in appetite as a side effect. In states where it is approved,
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575:
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276:
251:
198:
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1972:
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732:, the body fat percentage takes into account the difference in composition between
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1801:
Waaler HT. (1984). "Height, weight and mortality. The
Norwegian experience".
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471:
402:
155:
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Being underweight is associated with certain medical conditions, including
645:
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530:
512:
407:
397:
337:
2020:
1984:
1822:
1787:
1752:
1345:
Attia E (2010). "Anorexia nervosa: current status and future directions".
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Another way for underweight people to gain weight is by exercising, since
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427:
422:
135:
130:
2104:
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956:, which results in a brief reduction in mass. However, during recovery,
49:
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2063:
1836:
Body Weight and
Mortality:What is the optimum weight for a longer life?
1640:
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1057:
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953:
878:
859:
457:
347:
125:
115:
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851:
843:
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932:
Underweight individuals may be advised to gain weight by increasing
907:, even for young people. This is seen in individuals suffering from
644:
is considered too low to be healthy. A person who is underweight is
2582:
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2251:
2213:
1010:
may be prescribed for severe appetite loss, such as that caused by
965:
957:
820:
774:
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482:
313:
299:
2391:
1022:. Other drugs or supplements which may increase appetite include
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915:
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770:
467:
317:
105:
1683:"MJH Life Sciences™ | Informing Healthcare Professionals •"
2380:
2159:
2116:
2005:
1615:"Weight loss - unintentional: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1564:
1011:
897:
800:
560:
1730:
1922:. Children's Hospital Boston, Center for Young Women's Health
812:
342:
2614:
Symptoms and signs: Endocrinology, nutrition, and metabolism
1147:
1015:
357:
1381:"Unexplained Weight Loss - Reasons, Symptoms & Causes"
1471:
1220:
769:
or energy expenditure, lack of food (frequently due to
2094:
1695:
1135:
Krause's Food, Nutrition & Diet
Therapy, 10th Ed
903:
Being underweight is an established risk factor for
1847:
2600:
1850:"Underweight? See how to add pounds healthfully"
1637:
2175:
617:
1765:
1512:
823:, which exacerbates nutrient deficiencies.
753:reduction in the extent of undernutrition.
740:and their different roles in the body. The
2182:
2168:
1800:
1200:"ACE Fit - Body Fat Percentage Calculator"
1114:. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
765:, poor absorption of nutrients, increased
624:
610:
48:
1582:
1533:
1489:
1338:
1247:
1237:
1175:
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30:For the financial securities rating, see
1141:
2049:
1513:Latner JD, Wilson GT (September 2000).
1112:"Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk"
57:The underweight range according to the
14:
2601:
1848:Zeratsky, Katherine (23 August 2011).
1308:
971:
854:. According to Robert E. Black of the
835:Being underweight can be a symptom of
781:, illness (physical or mental) or the
2163:
1344:
1132:
856:Johns Hopkins School of Public Health
61:(BMI) is the white area on the chart.
1965:Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
960:overcompensation causes the muscles
990:, and antipsychotics, particularly
909:relative energy deficiency in sport
761:A person may be underweight due to
24:
1815:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb12901.x
1296:. Science Daily. September 5, 2007
208:Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome
25:
2625:
2090:
1447:National Medical Journal of India
1399:
1359:10.1146/annurev.med.050208.200745
1137:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.
1018:, or severe levels of persistent
27:Below a weight considered healthy
2189:
1491:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.013
1478:The Journal of Adolescent Health
2043:
1999:
1956:
1934:
1912:
1898:"Achieving Healthy Weight Gain"
1890:
1868:
1841:
1794:
1768:British Journal of Rheumatology
1759:
1724:
1710:10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.11.002
1689:
1675:
1631:
1607:
1558:
1506:
1465:
1438:
1416:
1393:
1373:
1272:"Body Shape 'Is Down to Genes'"
1424:"Signs and Symptoms of Cancer"
1286:
1264:
1213:
1192:
1126:
1104:
1085:
1053:List of phytochemicals in food
896:Malnourishment can also cause
581:Social determinants of obesity
13:
1:
1780:10.1093/rheumatology/33.5.480
1745:10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30338-0
1654:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13779-8
1544:10.1016/S1471-0153(00)00008-8
1239:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
1078:
747:
651:
214:Metabolically healthy obesity
1876:"Gain Weight and Be Healthy"
1854:Nutrition and healthy eating
1316:"What are Eating Disorders?"
922:
742:American Council on Exercise
371:Obesity-associated morbidity
7:
2257:Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
1133:Mahan, L. Kathleen (2000).
1041:
939:
881:(absence of menstruation),
836:
830:
566:Obesity and the environment
10:
2630:
2009:Osteoporosis International
1733:Clinics in Sports Medicine
1584:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.012
975:
779:drugs that affect appetite
32:Underweight (stock market)
29:
2565:
2530:
2428:
2359:
2262:Wernicke's encephalopathy
2236:
2227:
2197:
2098:
1426:. American Cancer Society
1347:Annual Review of Medicine
756:
640:person is a person whose
189:Classification of obesity
65:
56:
47:
42:
885:or complications during
586:Social stigma of obesity
1977:10.1002/jbmr.5650050208
927:
891:gestational weight gain
850:, leaving them open to
837:an underlying condition
675:Underweight (moderate)
546:Fat acceptance movement
453:Anti-obesity medication
141:Gestational weight gain
1294:"'Skinny Gene' Exists"
2438:Electrolyte imbalance
2306:Pyridoxine deficiency
2280:Riboflavin deficiency
2052:Pediatric Pulmonology
2021:10.1007/s001980070026
1920:"Healthy Weight Gain"
1167:10.1186/2052-9538-1-9
817:nutrient deficiencies
667:Underweight (severe)
571:Obesity and sexuality
446:Management of obesity
322:Binge eating disorder
282:Waist-to-height ratio
2416:Vitamin K deficiency
2410:Vitamin E deficiency
2387:Vitamin D deficiency
2368:Vitamin A deficiency
2267:Korsakoff's syndrome
1803:Acta Med Scand Suppl
1000:tetrahydrocannabinol
556:Health at Every Size
508:Weight loss coaching
242:Body adiposity index
972:Appetite stimulants
726:Body fat percentage
683:Underweight (mild)
576:Sedentary lifestyle
388:Fatty liver disease
352:Starvation response
252:Body fat percentage
199:Genetics of obesity
2430:Mineral deficiency
2229:Vitamin deficiency
2064:10.1002/ppul.20265
1400:Milas, Kresimira.
1232:(10026): 1377–96.
1048:Essential nutrient
1008:medicinal cannabis
946:muscle hypertrophy
413:Obesity and cancer
294:Related conditions
204:Metabolic syndrome
2609:Human body weight
2596:
2595:
2545:Failure to thrive
2540:Delayed milestone
2424:
2423:
2402:Harrison's groove
2332:Folate deficiency
2319:Biotin deficiency
2157:
2156:
2015:(12): 1043–1050.
1685:. 10 August 2022.
1648:(9376): 2226–34,
1577:(10): 1413–1415.
1094:The SuRF Report 2
730:proxy measurement
716:
715:
634:
633:
463:Bariatric surgery
272:Relative Fat Mass
161:Childhood obesity
151:Weight management
92:Human body weight
77:
76:
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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1900:. Health Central
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1322:. Archived from
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1274:. Indian Express
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900:and hair loss.
809:gastrointestinal
786:anorexia nervosa
736:(fat cells) and
696:
656:
655:
626:
619:
612:
503:Weight loss camp
498:Obesity medicine
378:Arteriosclerosis
262:Corpulence index
257:Body Shape Index
224:Set point theory
194:Exercise paradox
178:Medical concepts
146:Diet (nutrition)
100:General concepts
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1619:medlineplus.gov
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1571:Cell Metabolism
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1535:10.1.1.578.4563
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1028:diphenhydramine
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797:hyperthyroidism
793:type 1 diabetes
783:eating disorder
759:
750:
720:body mass index
694:
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601:
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526:
518:
517:
478:Caloric deficit
448:
438:
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433:Type 2 diabetes
383:Atherosclerosis
373:
363:
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333:Hyperthyroidism
310:Eating disorder
295:
287:
286:
277:Waist–hip ratio
247:Body mass index
237:
229:
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219:Obesity paradox
179:
171:
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101:
59:body mass index
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2172:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2139:
2124:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:Classification
2092:
2091:External links
2089:
2086:
2085:
2058:(3): 251–256.
2042:
1998:
1971:(2): 153–158.
1955:
1944:. Men's Health
1942:"Men's Health"
1933:
1911:
1889:
1867:
1840:
1828:
1793:
1758:
1723:
1704:(2): 191–200.
1688:
1674:
1630:
1606:
1557:
1505:
1464:
1437:
1415:
1392:
1372:
1353:(1): 425–435.
1337:
1326:on 23 May 2015
1307:
1285:
1263:
1212:
1191:
1140:
1125:
1103:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1073:Stunted growth
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1036:cyproheptadine
1024:antihistamines
992:chlorpromazine
976:Main article:
973:
970:
941:
938:
929:
926:
924:
921:
864:micronutrients
832:
829:
807:. People with
767:metabolic rate
758:
755:
749:
746:
734:adipose tissue
714:
713:
710:
706:
705:
702:
698:
697:
692:
691:Normal weight
688:
687:
684:
680:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
664:
663:
660:
653:
650:
632:
631:
629:
628:
621:
614:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
593:
591:Weight cutting
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
533:
527:
525:Social aspects
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
480:
475:
465:
460:
455:
449:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
418:Osteoarthritis
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
355:
345:
340:
335:
330:
328:Food addiction
325:
307:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
279:
274:
269:
267:Lean body mass
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
201:
196:
191:
186:
184:Adipose tissue
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
88:
87:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
54:
53:
45:
44:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2626:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2589:
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2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:Short stature
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:Bitot's spots
2371:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2320:
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2304:
2303:
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2290:
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2278:
2277:
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2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
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2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1943:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1899:
1893:
1877:
1871:
1856:. Mayo Clinic
1855:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:(679): 1–56.
1808:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:(2): 405–18.
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1620:
1616:
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1590:
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1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
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1541:
1536:
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1527:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1453:(6): 256–58.
1452:
1448:
1441:
1425:
1419:
1403:
1396:
1382:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
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1325:
1321:
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1289:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
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1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
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1195:
1187:
1183:
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1144:
1136:
1129:
1113:
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1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:, as well as
997:
993:
989:
988:amitriptyline
985:
979:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
947:
937:
935:
920:
917:
912:
910:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:immune system
845:
840:
838:
828:
824:
822:
819:or excessive
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
754:
745:
743:
739:
738:muscle tissue
735:
731:
727:
723:
721:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
699:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
649:
647:
643:
639:
627:
622:
620:
615:
613:
608:
607:
605:
604:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Fat fetishism
549:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
522:
521:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
488:
484:
481:
479:
476:
473:
472:List of diets
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
442:
441:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
403:Heart disease
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
372:
367:
366:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
298:
297:
291:
290:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
233:
232:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
175:
174:
166:
162:
159:
157:
156:Overnutrition
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
103:
97:
96:
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:
73:
72:Endocrinology
70:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
19:
2587:
2397:Osteomalacia
2201:malnutrition
2191:Malnutrition
2141:
2126:
2111:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1774:(5): 480–1.
1771:
1767:
1761:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1677:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1484:(1): 49–52.
1481:
1477:
1467:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1430:24 September
1428:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:24 September
1406:. Retrieved
1395:
1384:. Retrieved
1375:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1319:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1266:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1194:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1118:23 September
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
1093:
1087:
1068:Malnutrition
1032:promethazine
981:
952:Exercise is
951:
943:
931:
913:
905:osteoporosis
902:
895:
893:is too low.
876:
841:
834:
825:
805:tuberculosis
790:
760:
751:
724:
717:
704:25.0 – 29.9
686:17.0 – 18.4
678:16.0 – 16.9
646:malnourished
637:
635:
596:Weight class
531:Comfort food
513:Yo-yo effect
408:Hypertension
398:Gynecomastia
338:Malnutrition
236:Measurements
165:Epidemiology
120:
110:Epidemiology
2588:Underweight
2578:Weight loss
2219:Catabolysis
2209:Kwashiorkor
1948:October 23,
1926:October 23,
1904:October 23,
1882:October 23,
1878:. About.com
1528:(1): 3–21.
1300:October 23,
1278:October 23,
1205:28 February
1154:BMC Obesity
996:haloperidol
984:mirtazapine
883:infertility
860:amino acids
846:and a weak
701:Overweight
695:18.5 – 24.9
642:body weight
638:underweight
493:Liposuction
428:Sleep apnea
423:Prediabetes
136:Weight loss
131:Weight gain
121:Underweight
43:Underweight
2603:Categories
2555:Idiopathic
2505:Molybdenum
2349:deficiency
2238:B vitamins
1641:The Lancet
1624:2022-11-18
1386:2017-11-28
1079:References
1063:Emaciation
1058:Body image
1002:(found in
978:Orexigenic
879:amenorrhea
748:Prevalence
670:< 16.0
662:BMI (kgm)
652:Assessment
458:Bariatrics
348:Starvation
126:Body shape
116:Overweight
2485:Manganese
2463:Potassium
2458:Phosphate
2453:Magnesium
2345:Vitamin B
1698:Maturitas
1601:250576685
1530:CiteSeerX
1026:(such as
954:catabolic
923:Treatment
887:pregnancy
852:infection
659:Category
540:Criticism
536:Fast food
67:Specialty
2583:Cachexia
2573:Anorexia
2522:Fluorine
2510:Selenium
2500:Chromium
2448:Chloride
2293:Pellagra
2252:Beriberi
2214:Marasmus
2080:22837100
2072:16015665
2029:11256896
1993:72034011
1860:19 March
1718:18221845
1670:14509705
1662:12842379
1593:35839758
1552:15001063
1500:24506978
1459:10083790
1367:19719398
1258:27115820
1186:26217501
1042:See also
1004:cannabis
966:glycogen
958:anabolic
940:Exercise
872:minerals
868:vitamins
866:such as
831:Problems
821:exercise
775:appetite
763:genetics
483:Exercise
314:Anorexia
300:Diabetes
84:a series
82:Part of
18:Thinness
2566:General
2443:Calcium
2392:Rickets
2148:D013851
2037:1298271
1985:2316403
1823:6585126
1788:8173855
1753:8013041
1249:7615134
1177:4511447
1020:anxiety
962:to grow
934:calorie
844:stamina
773:), low
771:poverty
712:≥ 30.0
487:outline
468:Dieting
318:Bulimia
106:Obesity
2532:Growth
2495:Iodine
2490:Copper
2468:Sodium
2381:Scurvy
2137:783.22
2078:
2070:
2035:
2027:
1991:
1983:
1821:
1786:
1751:
1716:
1668:
1660:
1599:
1591:
1550:
1532:
1498:
1457:
1365:
1330:24 May
1256:
1246:
1226:Lancet
1184:
1174:
1012:cancer
898:anemia
803:, and
801:cancer
757:Causes
709:Obese
561:Hunger
304:Type 1
2360:Other
2122:R62.8
2076:S2CID
2033:S2CID
1989:S2CID
1666:S2CID
1597:S2CID
1518:(PDF)
1160:: 9.
1098:(PDF)
916:obese
813:liver
343:RED-S
2480:Zinc
2475:Iron
2143:MeSH
2132:9-CM
2068:PMID
2025:PMID
1981:PMID
1950:2010
1928:2010
1906:2010
1884:2010
1862:2012
1819:PMID
1784:PMID
1749:PMID
1714:PMID
1658:PMID
1589:PMID
1548:PMID
1496:PMID
1455:PMID
1432:2012
1410:2012
1363:PMID
1332:2015
1320:NIMH
1302:2010
1280:2010
1254:PMID
1207:2020
1182:PMID
1120:2012
1016:AIDS
994:and
928:Diet
870:and
862:and
718:The
393:GERD
358:PCOS
2414:K:
2408:E:
2385:D:
2379:C:
2366:A:
2128:ICD
2113:ICD
2060:doi
2017:doi
1973:doi
1811:doi
1807:215
1776:doi
1741:doi
1706:doi
1650:doi
1646:361
1579:doi
1540:doi
1486:doi
1355:doi
1244:PMC
1234:doi
1230:387
1172:PMC
1162:doi
1038:).
1034:or
986:or
889:if
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2054:.
2031:.
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1979:.
1967:.
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