Think tank - Knowledge

68: 170:, while the term "think tank" is modern, with its origin "traced to the humanist academies and scholarly networks of the 16th and 17th centuries," Soll writes that, "in Europe, the origins of think tanks go back to the 800s when emperors and kings began arguing with the Catholic Church about taxes. A tradition of hiring teams of independent lawyers to advise monarchs about their financial and political prerogatives against the church spans from Charlemagne all the way to the 17th century, when the kings of France were still arguing about whether they had the right to appoint bishops and receive a cut of their income." 54: 3171:– one of the United States' largest home builders – with a significant advantage in pursuing a US$ 8 billion revitalization project in Hunters Point, San Francisco. In 2014, Lennar's then-regional vice president in charge of the San Francisco revitalization, Kofi Bonner was named as a Brookings senior fellow – a position as 'trusted adviser' that carries some distinction. Bruce Katz, a Brookings vice president, also offered to help Lennar "engage with national media to develop stories that highlight Lennar's innovative approach." 3229:. These groups, sometimes referred to as commissions, are a form of think tank dedicated to advising the US Presidents or the Executive branch of government. They typically focus on a specific issue and as such, might be considered similar to special interest groups. However, unlike special interest groups these committees have come under some oversight regulation and are required to make formal records available to the public. As of 2002, about 1,000 of these advisory committees were described in the FACA searchable database. 3470:(ERC) is a policy-research oriented non-profit think tank established in 1999 with a mission to facilitate sustainable economic development and good governance in the new public management system of Azerbaijan. It seeks to do this by building favorable interactions between the public, private and civil society and working with different networks both in local (EITI NGO Coalition, National Budget Group, Public Coalition Against Poverty, etc.) and international levels (PWYP, IBP, ENTO, ALDA, PASOS, WTO NGO Network etc.). 40: 2013:

Union, analyzing and advocating for anti-authoritarian, transparent, and open governance ideas in Central and Eastern Europe, is an opinion leader offering an alternative opinion to the public versus populism, radicalism, and authoritarian trends, reinforcing active citizens' participation in decision making, analyzing fake news, disinformation, and offering media literacy initiatives, putting forward solutions to improve the accountability, transparency, and openness of Lithuania's

3202:(FFRDCs). FFRDCs, are unique independent nonprofit entities sponsored and funded by the United States government to meet specific long-term technical needs that cannot be met by any other single organization. FFRDCs typically assist government agencies with scientific research and analysis, systems development, and systems acquisition. They bring together the expertise and outlook of government, industry, and academia to solve complex technical problems. These FFRDCs include the 3567:(TESEV) is another leading think tank. Established in 1994, TESEV is an independent non-governmental think tank, analyzing social, political and economic policy issues facing Turkey. TESEV has raised issues about Islam and democracy, combating corruption, state reform, and transparency and accountability. TESEV serve as a bridge between academic research and policy-making. Its core program areas are democratization, good governance, and foreign policy. 3129: 3006:– The Center of Research for Development (Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo, Asociación Civil) is a not-for-profit think tank that undertakes research and proposes viable policy options for Mexico's economic and democratic development. The organization seeks to promote open, pluralistic debate pursuing: the Rule of Law & Democracy, market economics, social development, and strengthening Mexico-United States relations. 1748:(IFRI) was founded in 1979 and is the third oldest think tank of western Europe, after Chatham House (UK, 1920) and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Sweden, 1960). The primary goals of IFRI are to develop applied research in the field of public policy related to international issues, and foster interactive and constructive dialogue between researchers, professionals, and opinion leaders. France also hosts the 725:. After the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997, more think tanks were established by various groups of intellectuals and professionals. They have various missions and objectives including promoting civic education; undertaking research on economic, social and political policies; and promoting "public understanding of and participation in the political, economic, and social development of the Hong Kong 3338:, a Japanese policy institute, think tanks are "one of the main policy actors in democratic societies ..., assuring a pluralistic, open and accountable process of policy analysis, research, decision-making and evaluation". A study in early 2009 found a total of 5,465 think tanks worldwide. Of that number, 1,777 were based in the United States and approximately 350 in Washington, DC, alone. 869:('NCCD'), which serve to bring an inclusive policy change by supporting the Planning Commission and related government bodies with industry-specific inputs – in this case, set up at the behest of the government to direct cold chain development. Some think tanks have a fixed set of focus areas and they work towards finding out policy solutions to social problems in the respective areas. 1093:, think tanks are prolific and influential and are a government go-to. Think tanks are prolific in the Korean landscape. Many policy research organisations in Korea focus on economoy and most research is done in public think tanks. There is a strong emphasis on the knowledge-based economy and, according to one respondent, think tank research is generally considered high quality. 440:, both left-wing and right-wing policy institutes are often quoted and rarely identified as such. The result is that think tank "experts" are sometimes depicted as neutral sources without any ideological predispositions when, in fact, they represent a particular perspective. In the United States, think tank publications on education are subjected to expert review by the 1545:(Центр Содействия Экономическому Развитию) is a think tank whose major tasks are: analytic support in economic reforming and development in Uzbekistan; improving knowledge and skills of the subjects of economic development; assistance in productive dialogue between the government, civil society and private sectors on the economic development matters. 3384:(Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV)) is a Brazilian higher education institution. Its original goal was to train people for the country's public- and private-sector management. Today it hosts faculties (Law, Business, Economics, Social Sciences and Mathematics), libraries, and also research centers in Rio, São Paulo and Brasilia. It is considered by 3544:) which was established in 1969 and has headquarters in Ankara. There are also branch offices of ESAM in Istanbul, Bursa, Konya and elsewhere. ESAM has strong international relationships, especially with Muslim countries and societies. Ideologically it performs policies, produces ideas and manages projects in parallel to 1988:. LIIA is a non governmental and non partisan foundation, established in 1992, and their research and advocacy mainly focuses on Latvian foreign policy; Transatlantic relations; European Union policies, including its neighborhood policy and Eastern Partnership; and multilateral and bilateral relations with Russia. 3301:

better (as in the Network Functions Approach) to describe what the organisation should do. Then the shape of the organisation should follow to allow this to happen. The following framework (based on Stephen Yeo's description of think tanks' mode of work) is described in Enrique Mendizabal's blog "onthinktanks":

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published a series on think tanks that blur the line. One of the cases the journalists cited was Brookings, where scholars paid by a seemingly independent think tank "push donors' agendas amplifying a culture of corporate influence in Washington." For example, in exchange for hundreds of thousands of

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Vilnius Institute for Policy Analysis (VIPA) is an independent non-governmental, non-profit, non-partisan policy think tank in Lithuania whose mission is to stand for the principles of open society, liberal democracy, rule of law and human rights. VIPA acts via advocacy for strong and safe European

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Centre for Public policy PROVIDUS is a non governmental and non partisan association, established in 2002. Providus focuses their work (both research and advocacy) on topics especially relevant in transition and post-transition environments and Latvia in particular: good governance; criminal justice

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This functional method addresses the inherit challenge of defining a think tank. As Simon James said in 1998, "Discussion of think tanks...has a tendency to get bogged down in the vexed question of defining what we mean by 'think tank'—an exercise that often degenerates into futile semantics." It is

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1 billion per year. Think tanks may feel more free to propose and debate controversial ideas than people within government. The progressive media watchdog Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) has identified the top 25 think tanks by media citations, noting that from 2006 to 2007 the number

1779:. Terra Nova is an independent left-leaning think tank, although it is nevertheless considered to be close to the Socialists. It works on producing reports and analyses of current public policy issues from a progressive point of view, and contributing to the intellectual renewal of social democracy. 353:

Think tanks vary by ideological perspectives, sources of funding, topical emphasis and prospective consumers. Funding may also represent who or what the institution wants to influence; in the United States, for example, "Some donors want to influence votes in Congress or shape public opinion, others

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Located in an unassuming office building filled with boardrooms, lecture halls, and projectors in the Finnish capital, a new entity under the joint auspices of the European Union and NATO was founded with a herculean mission. In this vein, the hybrid center is more of an in-house think tank than a

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Independent research: this would be work done with core or flexible funding that allows the researchers the liberty to choose their research questions and method. It may be long term and could emphasize 'big ideas' without direct policy relevance. However, it could emphasize a major policy problem

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is a French think tank created by Gaspard Koenig in 2013, independent from all political parties, which aims at promoting freedoms in France, in terms of fundamental rights, economics and societal issues. GenerationLibre is described as being able to connect to the right on pro business freedom and

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The Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the RK (KazISS) was established by the Decree of the President of RK on 16 June 1993. Since its foundation the main mission of the Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as a

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Modern think tanks began as a phenomenon in the United Kingdom in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with most of the rest being established in other English-speaking countries. Prior to 1945, they tended to focus on the economic issues associated with industrialization and urbanization. During the

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More independent but clearly to the left of the political spectrum are the Centro de Investigaciones de Relaciones Internacionales y Desarrollo (CIDOB) founded in 1973; and the Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE) established in 1999 by Diego Hidalgo and main

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Over 50 think tanks have emerged in Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan Region. Iraq's leading think tank is the Middle East Research Institute (MERI), based in Erbil. MERI is an independent non-governmental policy research organization, established in 2014 and publishes in English, Kurdish, and

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After 1945, the number of policy institutes increased, with many small new ones forming to express various issues and policy agendas. Until the 1940s, most think tanks were known only by the name of the institution. During the Second World War, think tanks were often referred to as "brain boxes".

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on the proliferation of think tanks is most evident in regions such as Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and parts of Southeast Asia, where there was a concerted effort by other countries to assist in the creation of independent public policy research organizations. A survey performed by the

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are relatively new. There are at least 20 think tanks in the country, both independent and supported by government. Many of them are sister organizations of political parties, universities or companies some are independent and others are supported by government. Most Turkish think tanks provide

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or other interest groups. Think tanks range from those associated with highly academic or scholarly activities to those that are overtly ideological and pushing for particular policies, with a wide range among them in terms of the quality of their research. Later generations of think tanks have

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Private sources fund about 20 to 30 "independent" Australian think tanks. The best-known of these think tanks play a much more limited role in Australian public and business policy-making than do their equivalents in the United States. However, in the past decade the number of think tanks has

2394:, a non-governmental think tank founded in 1994. It carries out research of public policy in the following spheres: domestic policy; state administration; economic policy; energy; land relations; foreign policy; social policy; international and regional security; national security and defense. 453:

report asserted that foreign governments buy influence at many United States think tanks. According to the article: "More than a dozen prominent Washington research groups have received tens of millions of dollars from foreign governments in recent years while pushing United States government

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In 2016, in response to scrutiny about think tanks appearing to have a "conflict of interest" or lack transparency, executive vice president, Martin S. Indyk of Brookings Institution – the "most prestigious think tank in the world" admitted that they had "decided to prohibit corporations or

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Key projects: Preparation of the National human development report for Uzbekistan, Sociological "portrait" of the Uzbek businessman, Preparation of an analytical report on export procedures optimization in Uzbekistan, various industry and marketing researches in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and

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think tanks were established, which often guided government Cold War policy. Since 1991, more think tanks have been established in non-Western parts of the world. More than half of all think tanks that exist today were established after 1980. There are over 11,000 think tanks around the

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and became an independent corporation in 1948. In the 1970s, the phrase became more specifically defined in terms of RAND and others. During the 1980s and 1990s, the phrase evolved again to arrive at its broader contemporary meaning of an independent public policy research institute.

2537:'s i-eat-drink-think, engage in discussion, research and advocacy within a broader civics framework. Commercial think tanks like the Gartner Group, Access Economics, the Helmsman Institute, and others provide additional insight which complements not-for-profit organisations such as 3283:

Financial channels for political parties or other interest groups – In Ecuador and Bolivia, German foundations have been able to provide funds to think tanks that work with certain political parties. This method has provided support to the system as a whole rather than individual

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Most Malaysian think tanks are related either to the government or a political party. Historically they focused on defense, politics and policy. However, in recent years, think tanks that focus on international trade, economics, and social sciences have also been founded.

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In addition to specific independent think tanks, the largest political parties have their own think tank organizations. This is mainly due to support granted by state for such activity. The corporate world has focused their efforts to central representative organization

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is a conservative American think tank founded in 1961 by futurist, military strategist, and systems theorist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation. Recent members include Mike Pompeo, the former secretary of state under Donald Trump who joined in 2021.

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In Germany all of the major parties are loosely associated with research foundations that play some role in shaping policy, but generally from the more disinterested role of providing research to support policymakers than explicitly proposing policy. These include the

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for some time, they generally lacked independence, having close associations with government ministries or corporations. There has been a veritable proliferation of "think tanks" around the world that began during the 1980s as a result of globalization, the end of the

704:, but still retain sufficient non-official status to be able to propose and debate ideas more freely. In January 2012, the first non-official think tank in mainland China, South Non-Governmental Think-Tank, was established in the Guangdong province. In 2009 the 4708: 1509:

The UAE has been a center for political oriented think tanks which concentrate on both regional and global policy. Notable think tank have emerged in the global debate on terrorism, education & economical policies in the MENA region. Think tanks include:

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Think tanks in the Philippines could be generally categorized in terms of their linkages with the national government. Several were set up by the Philippine government for the specific purpose of providing research input into the policy-making process.

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regime, and in Chile after the fall of Pinochet, think tank staff left to form part of the new governments. In the United States, the role of major think tanks is precisely that: host scholars for a few months or years and then lose them to government

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Think tanks in India are growing across the length and breadth of the country as they are no longer limited to metro cities. Think tanks for the young, like RisingIndia ThinkTank, have emerged from one of the smallest city in Rajasthan state of India.

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How a policy institute addresses these largely depends on how they work, their ideology vs. evidence credentials, and the context in which they operate including funding opportunities, the degree and type of competition they have and their staff.

2277:), a policy institute that is associated with the conservative Popular Party (PP). Also linked to the PP is the Grupo de Estudios Estratégicos (GEES), which is known for its defense- and security-related research and analysis. For its part, the 133:, but some are semi-autonomous agencies within government, and some are associated with particular political parties, businesses or the military. Think tanks are often funded by individual donations, with many also accepting government grants. 3492: 3378:. Instituto Liberdade is among the Top 40 think tanks in Latin America and the Caribbean, according to the 2009 Global Go To Think Tanks Index a report from the University of Pennsylvania's Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP). 279:

itself when commenting on an individual's failings (in the sense that something was wrong with that person's "think tank"). Around 1958, the first organization to be regularly described in published writings as "the Think Tank" (note the

2244:(via the Anton Tunega Foundation) – Belgium-based think tank and political foundation of the European People's Party (EPP) which embodies a pan-European mindset and promotes Christian-democratic and liberal-conservative political values. 3280:, during the Pinochet dictatorship, many left wing intellectuals and researchers found 'asylum' in think tanks. In Ecuador, think tanks are seen as spaces where politicians can test the soundness of their policies and government plans. 6206: 1420:

There are several think tanks in Singapore that advise the government on various policies and as well as private ones for corporations within the region. Many of them are hosted within the local public educational institutions.

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Research done by Enrique Mendizabal shows that South American think tanks play various roles depending on their origins, historical development and relations to other policy actors. In this study, Orazio Bellettini from

1764:. There are also a number of pro-business think tanks, notably the Paris-based Fondation Concorde. The foundation focuses on increasing the competitiveness of French SME's and aims to revive entrepreneurship in France. 1038: 400:

rating index. However, this method of the study and assessment of policy institutes has been criticized by researchers such as Enrique Mendizabal and Goran Buldioski, Director of the Think Tank Fund, assisted by the

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Influencing/advocacy: this would be work done by communications, capacity development, networking, campaigns, lobbying, etc. It is likely to be based on research based evidence emerging from independent research or

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In Hong Kong, early think tanks established in the late 1980s and early 1990s focused on political development, including the first direct Legislative Council members election in 1991 and the political framework of

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In Britain, think tanks play a similar role to the United States, attempting to shape policy, and indeed there is some cooperation between British and American think tanks. For example, the London-based think tank

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For most of the 20th century, such institutes were found primarily in the United States, along with much smaller numbers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Western Europe. Although think tanks had also existed in

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is a think tank working across the Asia-Pacific on regulatory and policy issues. Their main focus is the ICT sector, although they do work in other sectors, such as agriculture and health, which can benefit from

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was created in 2003. IWEP activities aimed at research problems of the world economy, international relations, geopolitics, security, integration and Eurasia, as well as the study of the First President of the

292:. However, the Center does not count itself as and is not perceived to be a think tank in the contemporary sense. During the 1960s, the phrase "think tank" was attached more broadly to meetings of experts, 6237: 2061:(OSW), which specializes in the countries neighboring Poland and in the Baltic Sea region, the Balkans, Turkey, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Among the private think tanks notable organizations include the 1395: 4230: 1166:

has over 100 think tanks, most of which cover not only policy research but also economy, technology and so on. Some are government related, but most of the think tanks are sponsored by the private sector.

4281:"Researchers or Corporate Allies? Think Tanks Blur the Line; Think tanks are seen as independent, but their scholars often push donors' agendas, amplifying a culture of corporate influence in Washington" 2257:

was created in 2001 following the example of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) in the UK, although it is closely linked to (and receives funding from) the government in power.

3269:) and other research institutes to do the same. However, in Chile, many think tanks during the 1990s seemed to endorse and maintain the legitimacy of policies implemented during the previous decade by 3100:

of citations declined 17%. The FAIR report reveals the ideological breakdown of the citations: 37% conservative, 47% centrist, and 16% liberal. Their data show that the most-cited think tank was the

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Think tanks help shape both foreign and domestic policy. They receive funding from private donors, and members of private organizations. By 2013, the largest 21 think tanks in the US spent more than

3012:– The Center of Research and Economics Teaching (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas) is a think tank institute focussing on "public policies", "public choice", "democracy", and "economy". 482:, set up various state-supported think tanks in the 1960s. By the 1990s, a variety of policy research centers sprang up in Africa set up by academics who sought to influence public policy in Ghana. 997: 2622: 2435:, founded in 1951, is the oldest centre-right think tank and many of its members have gone on to serve as Members of Parliament or Members of the European Parliament. Past chairmen have included 193:, active in Paris between 1723 and 1731, was another prominent example of an early independent think tank focusing on public policy and current affairs, especially economics and foreign affairs. 2802: 2000:

Centre for European and transition studies is a think tank working under the auspices of the University of Latvia, the largest public university in the country. CETS was established in 2000.

5504: 1345:. One such think tank is the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), which focuses on policy advocacy and research particularly in the area of environment and social development. 433:(EPA), "The credibility of the EPA is defeatable, but not on the basis of ETS alone,... It must be part of a larger mosaic that concentrates all the EPA's enemies against it at one time." 6198: 5062: 3179:

Government think tanks are also important in the United States, particularly in the security and defense field. These include the Center for Technology and National Security Policy at the

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and its contribution to the establishment and strengthening of Kazakhstan as an independent state, the development of international cooperation and the promotion of peace and stability.

1305: 6625: 726: 1915:(ESRI) is an independent research institute in Dublin, Ireland. Its research focuses on Ireland's economic and social development to inform policy-making and societal understanding. 1542: 413:

In some cases, corporate interests, military interests and political groups have found it useful to create policy institutes, advocacy organizations, and think tanks. For example,

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All major political parties in the Netherlands have state-sponsored research foundations that play a role in shaping policy. The Dutch government also has its own think tank: the

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While think tanks are not widespread in Latvia, as opposed to single-issue advocacy organizations, there are several noticeable institutions in the Latvian think tank landscape:

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Pakistan's think tanks mainly revolve around social policy, internal politics, foreign security issues, and regional geo-politics. Most of these are centered on the capital,

318:, and the emergence of transnational problems. Two-thirds of all the think tanks that exist today were established after 1970 and more than half were established since 1980. 5376: 4288: 1293: 501:. It has also been involved in bringing political parties together to engage in dialogue. In particular it has organised Presidential debates every election year since the 4483: 5483:

The Finnish Institute of International Affairs is a research institute whose mission is to produce high quality, topical information on international relations and the EU.

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The Center for Strategic Studies under the President of Azerbaijan is a governmental, non-profit think tank founded in 2007. It focusses on domestic and foreign policy.

1665: 1323: 880:(NKN) (for data and resource sharing amongst education and research institutions), if implemented properly, should help improve the quality of work done by think tanks. 267:

Before the 1950s, the phrase "think tank" did not refer to organizations. From its first appearances in the 1890s up to the 1950s, the phrase was most commonly used in

3371: 826:. Most are based in New Delhi, and a few are government-sponsored. There are few think tanks that promote environmentally responsible and climate resilient ideas like 3312:

Consultancy: this would be work done by commission with specific clients and addressing one or two major questions. Consultancies often respond to an existing agenda.

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driving force behind projects such as the Club de Madrid, a group of democratic former heads of state and government, the Foreign Policy Spanish Edition and

1905: 1176: 658: 590: 3485:, Russia has 112 think tanks, while Russian think tanks claimed four of the top ten spots in 2011's "Top Thirty Think Tanks in Central and Eastern Europe". 6522: 6347: 1456: 289: 4826: 3463:, Azerbaijan. The center was established in 2005. CESD focuses on policy advocacy and reform, and is involved with policy research and capacity building. 6392: 3886: 2940: 664: 245:

and was conceived as a bipartisan "research center modeled on academic institutions and focused on addressing the questions of the federal government."

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Europe and its think tanks; a promise to be fulfilled. An analysis of think tanks specialised in European policy issues in the enlarged European Union

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want to position themselves or the experts they fund for future government jobs, while others want to push specific areas of research or education."

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underscores the significance of this effort and documents the fact that most of the think tanks in these regions have been established since 1992.

6713: 6646: 6537: 5496: 4569: 4311: 6422: 5058: 4208: 4186: 3417:, a government-affiliated think tank, in 2018 after almost two decades of operation. However, other think tanks continue to operate, include the 2617: 2538: 1919: 1694:, which acts as think tank in addition to negotiating salaries with workers unions. Furthermore, there is the Finnish Business and Policy Forum ( 776: 6496: 5402: 3261:. New governments in Ecuador and Peru have approached policy institutes for support for already defined policies. In Bolivia, the government of 3688: 3564: 3444: 3117: 2900: 1985: 893: 7042: 6758: 6470: 6382:

Mendizabal, Enrique y Kristen Sample (eds) (2009) Dime a quien escuchas... Think Tanks y Partidos Politicos en America Latina, ODI/IDEA: Lima

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and the Center for Research on Educational Access and Leadership (CREAL). The organization has close ties to former United States President

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Stone, Diane. Knowledge actors and transnational governance: The private-public policy nexus in the global agora. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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AMAQUEN, founded in 2003, is a think tank in the field of education through its publications (rapports), international scientific journal

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As of 2014, there were more than 11,000 of these institutions worldwide. Many of the more established think tanks, created during the

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hosts most of the European Institutions, hence a large number of international think tanks are based there. Notable think tanks are

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and the Centre for Policy Development. In recent years regionally-based independent and non-partisan think tanks have emerged.

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A new trend, resulting from globalization, is collaboration between policy institutes in different countries. For instance, the

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Afghanistan has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental, and corporate organizations.

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Bangladesh has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental, and corporate organizations.

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Canada has many notable think tanks (listed in alphabetical order). Each has specific areas of interest with some overlaps.

1698:, EVA). Agricultural and regional interests, associated with The Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners ( 296:, and independent military planning organizations. The prototype and most prominent example of the third category was the 3047: 2735: 2385: 1808: 1429: 558: 502: 490: 140:

on particular matters of policy or society. This information is then used by governments, businesses, media organizations,

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research and ideas, yet they play less important roles in policy making than American think tanks. Turksam, Tasam and the

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Sri Lanka has a number of think tanks that are in the form of governmental, non-governmental and corporate organizations.

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The only French Think Tank mentioned in the "think tanks to watch" list of the 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report

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Think Tanks and the National Security Strategy Formulation Process: A Comparison of Current American and French Patterns

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regulations issues but also to the left on issues such as basic income, gay marriage and the legalization of marijuana.

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In 2017 Taiwan had 58 think tanks. As in most countries there is a mix of government- and privately-funded think tanks.

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There is a large pool of think tanks in Poland on a wide variety of subjects. The oldest state-sponsored think tank is

1816: 1719: 1571: 1065: 827: 437: 6569: 5145: 2157:– Global think tank committed to enhancing security, prosperity and sustainability in Europe and throughout the world. 6320: 5957: 4424: 4398: 4122: 4047: 3482: 2920: 2884: 2869: 2834: 2662: 2379: 2263: 2178: 2062: 1824: 1626: 1196: 756: 327: 2175:) – Central-european think tank which specializes in broadly defined labor issues, labour markets, and labor policy. 1969: 1651:

Finland has several small think tanks that provide expertise in very specific fields. Notable think tanks include:

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Roberts, Priscilla (1 December 2015). "A century of international affairs think tanks in historical perspective".

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This article is about a type of organisation. For The decision production by special knowledge or specialist, see

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According to research done by the University of Pennsylvania, there are a total of 12 think tanks in Azerbaijan.

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organization set up as a joint project of Atlantische Initiative e.V. and Atlantic Initiative United States. The

1844: 1476: 1466: 1102: 771: 202: 6862: 6358: 5758: 4738: 4735:"CPR retains spot as leading India climate think tank for third year in a row | Centre for Policy Research" 3034:, founded in 1910. The Institute for Government Research, which later merged with two organizations to form the 6149: 5879: 5530: 5014: 4822: 3590:

A poll by the British firm Cast From Clay found that only 20 percent of Americans trusted think tanks in 2021.

3226: 3211: 2879: 2755: 2745: 2602: 2066: 1964: 1051: 1042: 977: 722: 601: 130: 6396: 6111: 5728: 5259: 3893: 2033:, or Clingendael Institute, an independent think tank and diplomatic academy which studies various aspects of 5788: 3109: 2607: 2397: 2336: 2286: 1221: 968: 3038:, was formed in 1916. Other early twentieth century organizations now classified as think tanks include the 67: 6826:– issues covered by Think Tanks and methodology for reviewing trends, impact on policy 2003): Profile Books 5932: 4006: 3548:

and also influences political parties and international strategies. The founder and leader of Milli Görüş,

3536:

The oldest and most influential think tank in Turkey is ESAM (The Center for Economic and Social Research;

3381: 3105: 3085: 3051: 2750: 2425: 2421: 2323:, founded in 1999 by fifteen of the largest Swiss companies. It is supported by over 130 companies to date. 1840: 1757: 1671: 1607: 1471: 1281: 839: 823: 632: 6678: 5440: 4935: 4630: 6885:

The Gauntlet: Think Tanks and Federal Research Centers Misrepresent and Suppress Other Education Research

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Kelstrup, Jesper Dahl (2016): The Politics of Think Tanks in Europe. Abingdon & New York: Routledge.

2090: 396:, annually rates policy institutes worldwide in a number of categories and presents its findings in the 6909:

Roberts, Priscilla (2015). "A century of international affairs think tanks in historical perspective".

6705: 6653: 6544: 4561: 4352: 4201: 3919: 2905: 2238:– US-based think tank with an aim of advancing justice, education, public health and independent media. 2058: 1879: 1620: 1117: 958: 911: 877: 873: 831: 670: 389: 7063:, Budapest, Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative Washington DC., Urban Institute 2002 6418: 6869: 5901: 5410: 3529: 2677: 2632: 2577: 2562: 2474: 2106: 1891: 1848: 1575: 1265:

national think tank, is to maintain analytical and research support for the President of Kazakhstan.

850: 835: 493:. The IEA undertakes and publishes research on a range of economic and governance issues confronting 17: 7019: 6021: 5650: 4953: 4856: 4312:"Constructing "Sound Science" and "Good Epidemiology": Tobacco, Lawyers, and Public Relations Firms" 3680: 3015:

COMEXI – The Mexican Council of International Affairs (Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales).

2285:(PSOE) created Fundación Ideas in 2009 and dissolved it in January 2014. Also in 2009, the centrist 2278: 1830: 6771:

Cotton, James (2016). "Chatham House and Africa c1920–1960: The Limitations of the Curtis Vision".

6474: 4227:"Another year, another ranking of think tanks (and surprise surprise, Brookings is still the best)" 3467: 2549:

to provide more targeted policy in defence, program governance, corporate governance and similar.

2231: 1812: 1804: 843: 791: 718: 682: 402: 5285: 4513: 3579: 1768: 6104:"Parkland Institute :: Research and Education for the Common Good :: Edmonton, Alberta" 5620: 3599: 3452: 3113: 2935: 2890: 2730: 2712: 2612: 2572: 2499: 2436: 2034: 1938:

Transhuman Corporation is a research think tank that focuses on cyber and technology development.

1820: 1776: 781: 585: 426: 57: 5228: 5036: 1882:

is a think tank on the role of corporate and political corruption in international development.

1736:, in 2012. Each of these organizations often release forecasts concerning the national economy. 53: 6051: 3497: 3219: 3043: 2859: 2807: 2782: 2717: 2652: 2597: 2354: 2254: 2135: 2118: 1772: 1703: 1583: 1529: 1519: 1374: 1258: 580: 575: 180: 7070:, Bratislava, UNDP Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, 2003 6259: 4913: 4623:"The main determinants of improving learning outcomes: Analysis of PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS data" 3745: 3222:, and other organizations supporting various departments within the United States Government. 5119: 5116:"NIRA Review Winter 1999: A Look at Think Tanks in the Philippines by Herman Joseph S. Kraft" 4112: 3777: 3711: 3425:(CRRC-Armenia) (which publishes the "Caucasus Barometer" annual public opinion survey of the 3215: 3192: 3101: 3035: 2970: 2093:

was founded in 2008. Contraditório is a non-profit, independent and non-partisan think tank.

1996:

Several think tanks are established and operate under the auspices of Universities, such as:

1948: 1836: 1595: 1567: 1127: 1001: 238: 190: 43: 6949:

The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite, New York: The Free Press

6448: 6073: 5991: 5015:"Официальный сайт КИСИ при Президенте Республики Казахстан: Краткая информация об Институте" 2329:, the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, founded in 2000 to research 910:

Arabic. It was listed in the global ranking by the United States's Lauder Institute of the

7084: 5059:"King and People are Inseparable: Proactive Constitutional Monarch in Parliamentary System" 3609: 3084:

More recently, progressive and liberal think tanks have been established, most notably the

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Spaces of debate – In this case think tanks serve as sounding boards for new policies. In

8: 6884: 6135:

Thomas Medvetz, "'Think Tanks in America" (2012) Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press

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According to a 2020 report, there are 32 think tanks or similar institutions in Armenia.

3367: 2990: 2844: 2697: 2557: 2478: 2344: 2017:, building a network of open society values oriented experts, civil activists and NGO's. 2003:

or Defense research centre in 1992 under the auspices of the National Academy of Defense.

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Bulgaria has a number of think tanks providing expertise and shaping policies, including

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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In Greece there are many think tanks, also called research organisations or institutes.

6976:"Rapid knowledge: 'Bridging research and policy' at the Overseas Development Institute" 6954: 6936: 6788: 4478: 4339: 3864: 3634: 3629: 3418: 3162: 3039: 2975: 2359: 2205:) – Think tank focusing on ethnic minorities living in Slovakia, especially Hungarians. 2190: 1863: 1852: 1788: 858: 498: 253: 110: 94: 75: 6419:"on the business model and how this affects what think tanks do « on think tanks" 5337: 3030:

As the classification is most often used today, the oldest American think tank is the

1408: 7038: 6940: 6821: 6792: 6516: 6199:"Center for American Progress, group tied to Obama, under fire from Israel advocates" 5818:. TTCSP Global Go To Think Tank Index Reports. 12. (12). University of Pennsylvania. 4536: 4446: 4344: 4118: 4076: 4053: 4043: 3868: 3856: 3783: 3753: 3717: 3649: 3644: 3549: 3207: 3184: 2980: 2647: 2463: 2444: 2046: 1932: 1071: 801: 786: 418: 285: 6765:

Thinking the unthinkable: think tanks and the economic counter revolution; 1931–1983

6393:""Think Tanks as an Emergent Field" — Publication — Social Science Research Council" 2469:

Since 2000, a number of influential centre-right think tanks have emerged including

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Goodman, John C. "What is a Think Tank?" National Center for Policy Analysis, 2005.

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corporate-backed foundations from making anonymous contributions." In August 2016,

3077: 3070: 2915: 2740: 2642: 2515: 1241: 1152: 898: 362: 301: 297: 268: 230: 61: 47: 7020:"Garbage Cans, Recycling Bins or Think Tanks? Three Myths about Policy Institutes" 6784: 2134:

The Foundation for the Advancement of Economics (FREN) was founded in 2005 by the

1352:(I-SAPS) which works in the fields of education, health, disaster risk reduction, 6965: 6891: 6876: 6629: 4709:"CSE top environment policy think tank in India; 16th in the world: Global Index" 3447:, or CESD; in Azeri, Azerbaijan, İqtisadi və Sosial İnkişaf Mərkəzi (İSİM) is an 2787: 2470: 2459: 2391: 2225: 2202: 2172: 854: 234: 141: 4254:"Mirror, mirror on the wall... tell me who is the best think tank in the world?" 700:

In China a number of think tanks are sponsored by governmental agencies such as

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task force dedicated to debunking propaganda or tracking hackers in cyberspace.

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increased substantially. Prominent Australian conservative think tanks include

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was formed in the mid-1990s to dispute research finding an association between

210: 79: 4591: 3429:, the "Enlight" Public Research Center, and the AMBERD research center at the 3304:

First, policy institutes may work in or base their funding on one or more of:

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Expert cadres of policy-makers and politicians – In Peru after the end of the

2057:(PISM) established in 1947. Another notable state-sponsored think tank is the 1396:

Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies

345:, are focused on international affairs, security studies, and foreign policy. 39: 7078: 6922: 6832: 6816: 5910: 5811: 5315: 4471: 3860: 3842: 3397:

is a Brazilian think tank focusing on public, climate, and digital security.

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issues. Argentina ranks fifth in the number of these institutions worldwide.

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In collaboration with the Douglas Aircraft Company, the Air Force set up the

2448: 2417: 2320: 2123: 2014: 1379: 479: 322: 222: 154: 106: 5841: 5142:"Singapore Institute of International Affairs top local think tank: Ranking" 4330: 4057: 6863:

Dime a quien escuchas... Think Tanks y Partidos Politicos en America Latina

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Dickson, Paul. "Think Tanks". New York: Ballantine Books, 1972. 397 pages.

6324: 5961: 4420: 4394: 1935:(Think tank for Action on Social Change) is an Irish left-wing think tank. 4653: 4037: 3553: 3262: 2494:

Most Australian think tanks are based at universities – for example, the

2301: 1727: 1090: 953: 276: 257: 137: 6931: 6741:

Do Think Tanks Matter? Assessing the Impact of Public Policy Institutes.

4537:"Rapport sur la qualité du système d'éducation et de formation au Maroc" 3851: 3198:

The government funds, wholly or in part, activities at approximately 30

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is a policy-studies institute that is often referred to as a think tank.

454:

officials to adopt policies that often reflect the donors' priorities."

201:

Several major current think tanks were founded in the 19th century. The

7012:

Capturing the Political Imagination: Think Tanks and the Policy Process

5698: 5433:"Activities in a nutshell: Research, forecasting and policy assessment" 4073:

Capturing the Political Imagination: Think Tanks and the Policy Process

3239: 1871: 1353: 1181: 761: 281: 167: 122: 6348:"Think tanks and political parties in Latin America, Background Paper" 5462: 4472:

Eric Lipton; Brooke Williams; Nicholas Confessore (6 September 2014).

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A Short History of the Netherlands: From Prehistory to the Present Day

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in 1946 to develop weapons technology and strategic defense analysis.

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presides over the Fundación para el Analisis y los Estudios Sociales (

2109:(SAR), founded in 1996, is a Romanian think tank for policy research. 6652:(Report). University of Pennsylvania. 18 January 2012. Archived from 6230:"The Inner Workings of Think Tanks: Transparify Gives Us a Good Look" 6145: 5750: 4734: 3604: 3355: 2534: 2432: 2305: 1591: 1401: 1342: 1231: 114: 6991: 5871: 5526: 5018: 3681:"Intelligence Contract Funneled to Pro-War Think Tank Establishment" 2089:

is one of the oldest Portuguese civic associations and think tanks.

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is a classic liberal/free-market conservative think tank in Denmark.

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Managing Think Tanks: Practical Guidance for Maturing Organizations

5724: 5643:"Centre for European and Transition Studies – University of Latvia" 5251: 4985:"Central Asian Cooperation: Experts Outline the Benefits and Risks" 4447:"Think Tank Review Project | National Education Policy Center" 3624: 2567: 1563: 1254:

the Foundation of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

374: 342: 315: 150: 118: 102: 98: 5906:"Onward – the Tory think tank on a mission to remake conservatism" 5780: 4910:"Think Tanks in Israel | Jewish Federations of North America" 1992:

policy; tolerance and inclusive public policy and European policy.

7054:

Think Tank Traditions: Policy Research and the Politics of Ideas.

6911:

International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis

6757:, Studies and Research No 35, October, Paris, Notre Europe, 2004 4815: 4685:. Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania. 31 January 2018. 3750:

Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods

3254: 3250: 2372: 2350: 2228:) – Australian-based think tank focusing on public policy issues. 2154: 366: 249: 126: 5781:"avenir suisse | think tank for economic and social issues" 4506:"The Think Tank of Quality Education - AMAQUEN Higher Education" 3993:

Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements.

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and think tank researching security issues of relevance for the

1722:

are associated with the Labour Institute for Economic Research (

6682: 6172:"Scoop: Pompeo to stay in DC and join Hudson Institute - Axios" 6103: 5432: 4622: 3779:

What Should Think Tanks Do?: A Strategic Guide to Policy Impact

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Think Tanks and Civil Societies: Catalysts for Ideas and Action

3320:

Second, policy institutes may base their work or arguments on:

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The Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research

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Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace

422: 378: 370: 206: 6503:. 25 January 2009. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012 5586: 4760: 4683:

Think Tanks and Civil Societies Programs Univ. of Pennsylvania

3493:

Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation

3390:

magazine to be a top-five "policymaker think tank" worldwide.

865:. Think tanks with a development focus include those like the 489:, which was founded in 1989 when the country was ruled by the 136:

Think tanks publish articles and studies, and sometimes draft

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Globalisation, Policy Transfer And Policy Research Institutes

6808:

Fan, Maureen. "Capital Brain Trust Puts Stamp on the World",

6543:. the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program. Archived from 3374:, located in the South Region of the country, in the city of 3277: 3003: 2503: 2086: 1753: 1639: 1579: 1294:

Institute for Pioneering of Education and Economic Excellence

1163: 1005: 494: 310: 6294:"Researchers or Corporate Allies? Think Tanks Blur the Line" 5369:"Inside a European Center to Combat Russia's Hybrid Warfare" 3812:"Think Tanks and the Transnationalization of Foreign Policy" 2031:

Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael

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Another policy research institute based in Islamabad is the

1011:

IPCRI – Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information

3460: 3400: 3258: 3096: 2326: 2281:

is independent but close to left-wing ideas. The Socialist

2274: 1958: 1666:

European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats

6497:"Argentina, quinto país en el mundo en centros de estudio" 6445:"NIRA's World Directory of Think Tanks 2002: Introduction" 5616: 5201:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of China (Taiwan). 3225:

Similar to the above quasi-governmental organizations are

6293: 5642: 4961: 4848: 4562:"Nearly half of respondents in study admit to plagiarism" 3456: 3266: 1021:

Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies

6013: 5252:"Think Tank and Policy Discourses in the Czech Republic" 5225:"Центр содействия экономическому развитию в Узбекистане" 3746:"Public Policy Analysis and Think Tanks, by Diane Stone" 3710:

McGann, James G.; Weaver, Robert Kent (1 January 2002).

3309:

that requires a thorough research and action investment.

1187:

Global Industrial and Social Progress Research Institute

6529: 4505: 3976: 3366:

Working on public policies, Brazil hosts, for example,

2289:(UPyD) created Fundación Progreso y Democracia (FPyD). 1961:– Italian Institute for International Political Studies 1860:

German Institute for International and Security Affairs

1318:

Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology

571:

Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa

27:

Organization that performs policy research and advocacy

6623:

Armenian Think Tanks Are Facing Old and New Challenges

6131: 6129: 4954:"Об ИМЭП | Институт мировой экономики и политики" 4193: 3744:

Fischer, Frank; Miller, Gerald J. (21 December 2006).

3576:

Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research

3508:

Institute of World Economy and International Relations

2382:(CPLR), a non-governmental think tank founded in 1996. 922:

There are many think tank teams in Israel, including:

6955:

Snider, J.H. "Strengthen Think Tank Accountability",

6081: 5467:

FIIA – The Finnish Institute of International Affairs

5224: 5032: 4654:"Nongovernmental think-tank inaugurated in Guangdong" 4183:"Washington's Think Tanks: Factories to Call Our Own" 3372:

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

3046:(1919, and now known as the Century Foundation), the 2209:

International think tanks with presence in Slovakia:

1922:(IIEA) focuses on European and International affairs. 1906:

Category:Think tanks based in the Republic of Ireland

1177:

Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

659:

Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs

591:

Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa

6043: 5312:Åland Islands Peace Institute - Ålands fredsinstitut 3948:"How Think Tanks Became Engines of Royal Propaganda" 3265:

has been working with Non-Government Organizations (

1767:

On the left, the main think tanks in France are the

1457:

Institute for National Defense and Security Research

1252:

Institute of World Economics and Politics (IWEP) at

853:

is a global think tank that works on issues such as

290:

Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences

6855:

Comparative Think Tanks, Politics And Public Policy

6126: 5281: 5144:. Channel NewsAsia. 2 February 2016. Archived from 3814:. Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from 3370:, a University-based Center at Tecnopuc inside the 2941:

International Institute for Sustainable Development

2522:. Prominent leftist Australian think tanks include 183:and Jacques Dupuy and also known after 1635 as the 6748:Think Tanks, the Brain Trusts of US Foreign Policy 6704:Rojansky, Matthew; Shapiro, Jeremy (28 May 2021). 6345: 6287: 6285: 5033:"Jauhar Academy of Social Sciences (JASS) 柔佛社会科学院" 4042:(4th ed.). Amersfoort: Bekking. p. 141. 2723:New South Wales Institute for Educational Research 2371:There are more than 100 registered think tanks in 1580:European Centre of International Political Economy 1039:The Center for the Study of Philanthropy in Israel 742:Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong 665:Bangladesh Institute of Peace and Security Studies 5983: 3513:Moscow State Institute of International Relations 3350:is home to 122 think tanks, many specializing in 3200:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers 2778:Child Poverty Action Group (Aotearoa New Zealand) 1143:Korea Institute for International Economic Policy 706:China Center for International Economic Exchanges 7076: 6743:Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. 6679:"TESEV Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı" 6521:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6292:Lipton, Eric; Williams, Brooke (7 August 2016). 5086:"KP continues to increase spending on education" 4279:Lipton, Eric; Williams, Brooke (7 August 2016). 2400:, a non-governmental think tank founded in 2021. 2388:, a non-governmental think tank founded in 1994. 1706:, are researched by Pellervo Economic Research ( 702:Development Research Center of the State Council 607:South African Institute of International Affairs 6861:Mendizabal, Enrique and Kristen Sample (2009) " 6703: 6282: 4976: 4960:(in Russian). 17 September 2014. Archived from 4207:. the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program. 3249:Legitimize policies – This has been clearer in 2618:Committee for Economic Development of Australia 1920:Institute of International and European Affairs 179:, created in Paris around 1620 by the brothers 7056:Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004. 6840:: What Conservatives Know That Liberals Don't. 6667:– via Foreign Policy Research Institute. 6291: 5958:"AIMS - Atlantic Institute for Market Studies" 4278: 3565:Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation 3445:The Center for Economic and Social Development 3183:, the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the 3174: 3118:Center for Strategic and International Studies 2901:Centre for International Governance Innovation 2498:– or are government-funded – for example, the 2316:Think tanks based within Switzerland include: 1986:the Latvian Institute of International Affairs 1411:is an interdisciplinary think tank in Colombo. 894:Centre for Strategic and International Studies 300:, which was founded in 1946 as an offshoot of 6074:"Institute on Governance – Leading Expertise" 4474:"Foreign Powers Buy Influence at Think Tanks" 4378:"How Big Tobacco Helped Create 'the Junkman'" 3998: 3743: 3572:International Strategic Research Organisation 3232: 2819: 2583:Australian Institute of International Affairs 1750:European Union Institute for Security Studies 1447:Taiwanese think tanks in alphabetical order: 1434:S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies 1133:The Economic Information and Education Center 989:International Institute for Counter-Terrorism 838:. There are other prominent think tanks like 431:United States Environmental Protection Agency 275:or especially in a pejorative context to the 6879:", Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 6593:"2020 Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report" 4940:A Global Consultancy and Platform for Change 3892:. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from 3709: 2588:Australian Institute of Policy & Science 1876:Institute for Media and Communication Policy 1828: 1712:Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions 1426:Singapore Institute of International Affairs 1288:Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs 1192:Institute for International Monetary Affairs 777:Hong Kong People's Council on Housing Policy 444:'s "Think Twice" think tank review project. 436:According to the progressive media watchdog 184: 174: 7066:UNDP – United Nations Development Program. 6842:Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. 6597:University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons 5816:TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports 5812:"2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 5673:"Latvijas Nacionālā aizsardzības akadēmija" 5554:"2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 5551: 5497:"Perussuomalaiset aloitti jättiselvityksen" 5169:"2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 4982: 4884:TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports 4880:"2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 4679:"2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 3915:"2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report" 3887:"2013 Global Go to Think Tank Index Report" 3336:National Institute for Research Advancement 3167:dollars the Brookings Institution provided 2986:Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 2628:Crowther Centre for Learning and Innovation 2526:, Per Capita, the Australia Institute, the 1746:French Institute of International Relations 1452:Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research 1227:National Institute for Research Advancement 876:(to automate administrative processes) and 653:Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies 6858:, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing 5199:"Taiwan-Asia Exchange Foundation launched" 4310:Ong, Elisa K.; Glantz, Stanton A. (2001). 4218: 4144: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4035: 3570:Other notable Turkish think tanks are the 3032:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2813:New Zealand Institute of Economic Research 2767:Think tanks based in New Zealand include: 1771:, which is organizationally linked to the 1700:Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto 1684:Finnish Institute of International Affairs 867:National Centre for Cold-chain Development 797:One Country Two Systems Research Institute 415:The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition 359:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 241:was founded shortly thereafter in 1916 by 227:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 145:tended to be more ideologically oriented. 6930: 6639: 6196: 4338: 4309: 4245: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4004: 3912: 3884: 3850: 3782:. Stanford University Press. p. 41. 3423:Caucasus Research Resource Center-Armenia 2547:Australian Institute of Company Directors 2411:List of think tanks in the United Kingdom 2161:Central European Labour Studies Institute 2055:Polish Institute of International Affairs 1678:Research Institute of the Finnish Economy 1312:Jeffrey Cheah Institute on Southeast Asia 1277:Notable think tanks in Malaysia include: 1212:Japan Institute for National Fundamentals 613:South African Institute of Race Relations 6647:The Global Go To Think Tanks Report 2011 6471:"Foreign Policy, January/February, 2009" 5933:"Who are Australia's major think tanks?" 5494: 5366: 4117:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3991:Edmund Jan Osmanczyk and Anthony Mango, 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3620:List of think tanks in the United States 3401:Transcontinental countries (Asia-Europe) 3327:Applied, empirical or synthesis research 3026:List of think tanks in the United States 2875:Canadian Institute for Advanced Research 2798:Motu Economic and Public Policy Research 2773:Centre for Strategic Studies New Zealand 2428:and have remained sister organisations. 2169:Stredoeurópsky inštitút pre výskum práce 2029:. The Netherlands furthermore hosts the 2027:Scientific Council for Government Policy 1217:Japan Institute of International Affairs 1148:Korea Institute of Public Administration 807:Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Unit 767:Hong Kong Christian Industrial Committee 597:Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 518:The Institute of Economic Affairs, Ghana 487:The Institute of Economic Affairs, Ghana 66: 52: 38: 6908: 6221: 4912:. Jewishfederations.org. Archived from 4849:"MERI - Middle East Research Institute" 4651: 4110: 4089: 3828: 3542:Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi 2931:Institute for Research on Public Policy 2865:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives 2693:Lowy Institute for International Policy 2484: 2304:think tank and book publisher based in 1929:is a conservative, Catholic think tank. 1553: 1504: 1494:Thailand Development Research Institute 1350:Institute of Social and Policy Sciences 1337:List of research institutes in Pakistan 1207:Japan Center for International Exchange 1077:Institute for National Security Studies 998:Israel Center for Third Sector Research 964:Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research 949:The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 386:Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 331:Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 14: 7077: 7052:Stone, Diane, and Andrew Denham, eds. 6770: 6716:from the original on 28 September 2022 6590: 5809: 5231:from the original on 21 September 2011 4983:Bulatkulova, Saniya (19 August 2022). 4936:"Think tank landscape scan 2022 Korea" 4877: 4427:from the original on 21 September 2012 4224: 4180: 4169: 3716:. Transaction Publishers. p. 51. 3431:Armenian State University of Economics 2803:New Zealand Centre for Global Studies 2623:Consumer Policy Research Centre (CPRC) 1913:Economic and Social Research Institute 1716:Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjärjestö 1079:, affiliated with Tel Aviv University. 933:Jerusalem Institute for Market Studies 689:Bangladesh Institute of Labour Studies 508:Notable think tanks in Ghana include: 468: 7017: 6980:Public Administration and Development 6973: 6260:"The Incredible Shrinking Think Tank" 6240:from the original on 16 December 2014 6227: 6209:from the original on 21 December 2013 5900: 5705:from the original on 14 November 2020 5473:from the original on 22 February 2018 5443:from the original on 22 February 2018 5348:from the original on 4 September 2021 5262:from the original on 28 December 2021 4859:from the original on 13 February 2018 4592:"The Journal of Quality in Education" 4535:Naji, Abdennasser (1 December 2010). 4421:"The Incredible Shrinking Think Tank" 4401:from the original on 8 September 2012 4251: 4070: 3958:from the original on 12 December 2021 3796: 3775: 3580:Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies 3533:are the leading information sources. 3503:Institute for US and Canadian Studies 3488:Notable Russian think tanks include: 2840:Atlantic Institute for Market Studies 2688:Laboratory for Visionary Architecture 2683:Issues Deliberation Australia/America 2658:Infrastructure Partnerships Australia 2593:Australian Strategic Policy Institute 2543:Australian Strategic Policy Institute 2331:security sector governance and reform 2150:Think tanks originating in Slovakia: 1515:Al Mesbar Studies and Research Centre 1482:Taiwan Institute of Economic Research 1123:Korea International Trade Association 1108:The Asan Institute for Policy Studies 1048:Israel Institute for Advanced Studies 822:India has the world's second-largest 638:Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies 554:Heritage Institute for Policy Studies 513:IMANI Centre for Policy and Education 457: 381:, where it was closed in April 2022. 7048:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6572:from the original on 25 January 2022 6425:from the original on 7 November 2010 6197:Wallstein, Peter (19 January 2012). 6178:from the original on 8 November 2021 5994:from the original on 21 October 2011 5731:from the original on 1 November 2022 5597:from the original on 8 February 2013 5403:"Crisis Management Initiative (CMI)" 5379:from the original on 18 January 2018 5205:from the original on 6 November 2018 5096:from the original on 12 October 2022 5083: 5077: 4890:from the original on 30 October 2019 4783: 4572:from the original on 26 October 2022 4554: 4534: 4486:from the original on 5 November 2014 4453:from the original on 1 November 2011 4214:from the original on 9 October 2022. 4189:from the original on 21 August 2010. 4017:from the original on 26 January 2013 3945: 3913:G. McGann, James (28 January 2022). 3908: 3906: 3885:G. McGann, James (22 January 2014). 3880: 3878: 3771: 3769: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3678: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3246:Seek political support for policies. 3122: 3048:National Bureau of Economic Research 2736:Strategic and Defence Studies Centre 2447:'s longest-serving Cabinet Minister 2386:Center for Policy Studies in Ukraine 1430:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 985:, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 618: 559:Puntland Development Research Center 537:and international events (CIMQUSEF). 503:Ghanaian presidential election, 1996 491:Provisional National Defence Council 438:Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting 78:, founded in 1919 by U.S. President 6473:. Foreignpolicy.com. Archived from 6044:"Frontier Centre For Public Policy" 6024:from the original on 10 August 2019 5882:from the original on 18 August 2016 5852:from the original on 28 August 2016 5725:"O nadácií – Nadácia Antona Tunegu" 5653:from the original on 20 August 2016 5495:Tamminen, Jenni (28 October 2012). 5282:"Prague Security Studies Institute" 4995:from the original on 7 October 2022 4823:"Why think tanks struggle in India" 4029: 4007:"No More Thinking With Think Tanks" 3939: 3691:from the original on 6 October 2021 2638:Doctors Reform Society of Australia 1984:The oldest think tank in Latvia is 1692:Confederation of Finnish Industries 1113:Samsung Economic Research Institute 944:Israel Council on Foreign Relations 737:Bauhinia Foundation Research Centre 328:Foreign Policy Research Institute's 173:Soll cites as an early example the 24: 6732: 6535: 6323:. 18 November 2002. Archived from 6270:from the original on 18 April 2018 6152:from the original on 14 April 2015 5367:Standish, Reid (18 January 2018). 5360: 5288:from the original on 19 March 2022 5179:from the original on 30 March 2019 5166: 5039:from the original on 15 March 2022 4829:from the original on 29 March 2014 4689:from the original on 30 March 2019 4233:from the original on 11 March 2023 4199: 4157:from the original on 17 April 2020 4145:Fetherling, George (12 May 2008). 3809: 3776:Selee, Andrew Dan (31 July 2013). 3064:Committee for Economic Development 2961:Mowat Centre for Policy Innovation 2855:Caledon Institute of Social Policy 2552:Think tanks in Australia include: 2512:the Centre for Independent Studies 1586:(EPC), the Friends of Europe, the 1572:Centre for European Policy Studies 1066:The Jewish People Policy Institute 828:Centre for Science and Environment 732:Think tanks in Hong Kong include: 25: 7096: 6114:from the original on 28 July 2016 6048:Frontier Centre For Public Policy 5791:from the original on 22 July 2016 5675:. 5 November 2013. Archived from 5623:from the original on 24 July 2016 5533:from the original on 29 July 2016 5409:. 23 January 2017. Archived from 5249: 4741:from the original on 25 June 2020 4715:from the original on 25 June 2020 4633:from the original on 16 June 2021 4602:from the original on 16 June 2021 4516:from the original on 16 June 2021 4384:, Third Quarter 2000, PRWatch.com 4376:Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber 4319:American Journal of Public Health 4291:from the original on 11 July 2019 4256:. Goran's Musings. Archived from 3903: 3875: 3766: 3730: 3667: 3585: 3483:Foreign Policy Research Institute 2921:Frontier Centre for Public Policy 2885:Canadian Policy Research Networks 2870:Canadian Global Affairs Institute 2835:Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada 2663:Institute for Economics and Peace 2404: 2380:Centre of Policy and Legal Reform 2283:Partido Socialista Obrero Español 2179:Forum Minority Research Institute 2063:Institute for Structural Research 1878:deals with media-related issues. 1627:Prague Security Studies Institute 1613: 1306:Jauhar Academy of Social Sciences 1197:Institute of Developing Economies 757:The Global Institute for Tomorrow 7039:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00649.x 6773:South African Historical Journal 6706:"Why Everyone Hates Think Tanks" 6697: 6671: 6615: 6603:from the original on 22 May 2021 6584: 6554: 6538:"The Global "Go-To Think Tanks"" 6228:Cohen, Rick (12 December 2014). 6054:from the original on 12 May 2022 5822:from the original on 6 June 2017 5507:from the original on 14 May 2021 5017:. 3 January 2007. Archived from 4771:from the original on 7 July 2020 4620: 4202:"The Global "Go-To Think Tanks"" 4181:Singer, Peter (13 August 2010). 4036:Rietbergen, P. J. A. N. (2000). 3981:, Paris: Belin, pp. 112–115 3979:La France des Lumières 1715-1789 3977:Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire (2011), 3927:from the original on 22 May 2021 3330:Theoretical or academic research 3127: 3019: 2195:Fórum inštitút pre výskum menšín 2073:(ISP) on social policy, and the 1862:is a foreign policy think tank. 1730:established its own think tank, 1202:The International Academic Forum 1172:Asian Development Bank Institute 928:Shaharit - Creating Common Cause 442:National Education Policy Center 6895:New Educational Foundations, 4. 6681:. 25 April 2001. Archived from 6489: 6463: 6437: 6411: 6385: 6376: 6339: 6313: 6252: 6190: 6164: 6138: 6096: 6066: 6036: 6006: 5984:"Canada West Foundation |" 5976: 5960:. 7 August 2010. Archived from 5950: 5925: 5894: 5864: 5834: 5803: 5773: 5761:from the original on 8 May 2020 5743: 5717: 5691: 5665: 5635: 5609: 5579: 5567:from the original on 7 May 2021 5545: 5519: 5488: 5455: 5425: 5395: 5330: 5300: 5274: 5243: 5217: 5191: 5160: 5134: 5108: 5065:from the original on 6 May 2021 5051: 5025: 5007: 4946: 4928: 4902: 4871: 4841: 4753: 4727: 4701: 4671: 4652:Linping, He (18 January 2012). 4645: 4614: 4584: 4528: 4498: 4465: 4439: 4413: 4387: 4370: 4303: 4272: 4138: 4064: 3985: 3970: 3946:Soll, Jacob (1 February 2017). 3752:. CRC Press. pp. 149–157. 3679:Fang, Lee (15 September 2021). 3092:and other prominent Democrats. 3056:Social Science Research Council 2926:Institute for Quantum Computing 1543:Center for Economic Development 1477:Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 1467:Taiwan Asia Exchange Foundation 1103:National Assembly Budget Office 772:Hong Kong Democratic Foundation 564: 336: 216: 203:Royal United Services Institute 196: 153:, many more American and other 6750:. Wiesbaden: VS Springer 2013. 6421:. Onthinktanks.wordpress.com. 5175:. University of Pennsylvania. 4886:. University of Pennsylvania. 3822: 3703: 3212:Institute for Defense Analyses 2880:Canadian International Council 2762: 2756:Western Australia Policy Forum 2746:Transport and Logistics Centre 2603:Centre for Independent Studies 2533:Some think tanks, such as the 2311: 2067:The Casimir Pulaski Foundation 2020: 1965:Istituto Affari Internazionali 1359: 1300:Maritime Institute of Malaysia 1084: 1052:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1043:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 978:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 723:Sino-British Joint Declaration 623: 602:Institute for Security Studies 131:non-governmental organizations 13: 1: 6785:10.1080/02582473.2016.1182206 4185:. the Brookings Institution. 3660: 3436: 3324:Ideology, values or interests 3110:American Enterprise Institute 2608:Centre for Policy Development 2398:Transatlantic Dialogue Center 2337:Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute 2287:Union, Progress and Democracy 2183:Fórum Kisebbségkutató Intézet 1845:Free Democratic Party-aligned 1656:Åland Islands Peace Institute 1535: 1247: 1222:Mitsubishi Research Institute 969:Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute 727:Special Administrative Region 643: 271:to colloquially refer to the 6824:– Six Faces of Global Change 6447:. 2 May 2006. Archived from 5118:. Nira.or.jp. Archived from 5084:Khan, Javed (14 July 2016). 3341: 3106:Council on Foreign Relations 3086:Center for American Progress 3052:Council on Foreign Relations 2751:United States Studies Centre 2489: 2426:Paris Peace Conference, 1919 2422:Council on Foreign Relations 2053:). The second oldest is the 2007: 1841:Friedrich Naumann Foundation 1758:agency of the European Union 1724:Palkansaajien tutkimuslaitos 1696:Elinkeinoelämän valtuuskunta 1672:Crisis Management Initiative 1608:Institute of Modern Politics 1472:Taiwan Competitiveness Forum 1415: 1385: 1282:Academy of Sciences Malaysia 914:as 46th in the Middle East. 887: 840:Observer Research Foundation 711: 633:Afghanistan Analysts Network 233:, in 1910 by philanthropist 7: 6882:Phelps, Richard P. (2015). 6346:Mendizabal Enrique (2009). 4005:Tevi Troy (May–June 2012). 3593: 3476: 3227:Federal Advisory Committees 3189:Strategic Studies Institute 3181:National Defense University 3175:U.S. government think tanks 2966:National Citizens Coalition 2956:Montreal Economic Institute 2951:Macdonald–Laurier Institute 2673:International Energy Centre 2668:Institute of Public Affairs 2520:Institute of Public Affairs 2453:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2424:were both conceived at the 2218:Inštitút pre verejné otázky 2214:Institute of Public Affairs 2145: 2112: 2080: 2071:Institute of Public Affairs 1601: 1588:Global Governance Institute 1487: 1330: 1268: 1098:Korea Development Institute 863:Foresight (futures studies) 842:, Tillotoma Foundation and 677:International Growth Centre 408: 32:Think tank (disambiguation) 10: 7101: 7014:, London: Frank Cass, 1996 6753:Boucher, Stephen, et al., 6395:. Ssrc.org. Archived from 5407:Institute for NGO Research 4423:. FAIR. 22 February 1999. 4397:. FAIR. 22 February 1999. 3920:University of Pennsylvania 3413:The government closed the 3405: 3233:South American think tanks 3044:The Twentieth Century Fund 3023: 2946:International Policy Forum 2906:Conference Board of Canada 2820:North American think tanks 2408: 2366: 2100: 2065:(IBS) on economic policy, 2059:Centre for Eastern Studies 1903: 1899: 1889: 1880:Transparency International 1809:Christian Democratic Union 1797: 1646: 1633: 1621:European Values Think-Tank 1558: 1334: 1118:Center for Free Enterprise 959:Israel Democracy Institute 912:University of Pennsylvania 878:National Knowledge Network 874:National e-Governance Plan 832:Centre for Policy Research 671:Centre for Policy Dialogue 547: 524: 461: 390:University of Pennsylvania 161: 105:concerning topics such as 29: 4878:McGann, James G. (2017). 3530:Journal of Turkish Weekly 3518: 3361: 3271:the military dictatorship 3136:This article needs to be 2997: 2824: 2678:International WaterCentre 2633:Development Policy Centre 2578:Australian Fabian Society 2563:Asia Education Foundation 2475:Centre for Social Justice 2353:, which hosts the annual 2292: 2129: 2107:Romanian Academic Society 2040: 1975: 1892:List of Greek think tanks 1885: 1849:Rosa Luxemburg Foundation 1829: 1739: 1576:Centre for the New Europe 1439: 1368: 1324:Islamic Renaissance Front 917: 851:Strategic Foresight Group 836:World Resources Institute 478:Ghana's first president, 176:Académie des frères Dupuy 7068:Thinking the Unthinkable 6923:10.1177/0020702015590591 6868:Medvetz, Thomas (2012) " 6767:, London: Fontana, 1995. 6591:McGann, James G (2020). 4111:Medvetz, Thomas (2012). 4075:. Routledge. p. 9. 3995:London: Routledge, 2004. 3843:10.1177/0020702015590591 3468:Economic Research Center 2339:(GDI), conceived by the 2248: 2232:Open Society Foundations 2091:Contraditório think tank 1942: 1813:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 1805:Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 1708:Pellervon taloustutkimus 1158: 844:Centre for Civil Society 817: 792:Our Hong Kong Foundation 719:One Country, Two Systems 695: 683:Making Our Economy Right 485:One such think tank was 473: 398:Global Go-To Think Tanks 348: 256:think tanks appeared in 186:cabinet des frères Dupuy 6890:9 February 2015 at the 6875:11 October 2012 at the 6634:SSRN Electronic Journal 6628:3 December 2022 at the 6078:Institute on Governance 5701:. vilniusinstitute.lt. 4331:10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1749 3600:Collective intelligence 3453:non-profit organization 3382:Fundação Getulio Vargas 3114:The Heritage Foundation 2936:Institute on Governance 2891:Canadian Tax Foundation 2731:Samuel Griffith Society 2713:Menzies Research Centre 2613:Chifley Research Centre 2573:The Australia Institute 2500:Productivity Commission 2069:on foreign policy, the 2035:international relations 1837:aligned with the Greens 1817:Social Democratic Party 1720:Social Democratic Party 904: 782:The Lion Rock Institute 586:Helen Suzman Foundation 427:Philip Morris Companies 225:-based think tank, the 205:was founded in 1831 in 166:According to historian 129:. Most think tanks are 58:The Heritage Foundation 6870:Think Tanks in America 5810:McGann, James (2017). 5529:. Fondation Concorde. 4114:Think Tanks in America 3541: 3498:Carnegie Moscow Center 3220:MIT Lincoln Laboratory 2860:Canada West Foundation 2808:New Zealand Initiative 2783:Helen Clark Foundation 2718:National Civic Council 2653:H. R. Nicholls Society 2598:The Brisbane Institute 2355:Horasis Global Meeting 2279:Fundación Alternativas 2269:Former Prime Minister 2255:Elcano Royal Institute 2119:Valdai Discussion Club 1831:Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung 1825:Christian Social Union 1773:French Socialist Party 1584:European Policy Centre 1530:Orient Research Centre 1520:Dubai Economic Council 1375:Valdai Discussion Club 1259:Republic of Kazakhstan 1057:The Jewish Arab Center 1030:The Begin-Sadat Center 581:FW de Klerk Foundation 576:Free Market Foundation 403:Open Society Institute 185: 175: 82: 64: 50: 7027:Public Administration 7018:Stone, Diane (2007). 6974:Stone, Diane (2009). 6964:23 April 2009 at the 6852:McGann, James (2006) 6849:, Edward Elgar, 2005. 5751:"About Chatham House" 5699:"vilniusinstitute.lt" 4658:People's Daily Online 4566:University World News 4449:. Nepc.colorado.edu. 4225:Mendizabal, Enrique. 4071:Stone, Diane (2013). 3831:International Journal 3216:Aerospace Corporation 3193:U.S. Army War College 3102:Brookings Institution 3036:Brookings Institution 2971:North-South Institute 2085:Founded in 1970, the 2047:The Western Institute 1949:Bruno Leoni Institute 1821:Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung 1769:Fondation Jean-Jaurès 1596:Sport and Citizenship 1128:The Yeouido Institute 1002:Ben Gurion University 824:number of think tanks 721:", manifested in the 535:Quality in Education, 239:Brookings Institution 70: 60:, founded in 1973 in 56: 46:, founded in 1916 in 44:Brookings Institution 42: 6746:Arin, Kubilay Yado: 6108:Parklandinstitute.ca 6084:on 11 September 2014 5561:Repository.upenn.edu 5527:"Fondation Concorde" 5061:. 24 November 2020. 4737:. 21 December 2021. 4395:"What's in a Label?" 3610:Internet think tanks 3242:suggests that they: 2911:Council of Canadians 2793:McGuinness Institute 2703:The McKell Institute 2524:the McKell Institute 2485:Oceanian think tanks 2140:Faculty of Economics 1554:European think tanks 1525:Gulf Research Center 1505:United Arab Emirates 1138:Jeju Peace Institute 1016:The Milken Institute 974:Floersheimer Studies 872:Initiatives such as 812:Professional Commons 361:operates offices in 294:electronic computers 248:In the early 1920s, 7059:Struyk, Raymond J. 6998:on 20 February 2010 6812:(16 May 2005): B01. 6739:Abelson, Donald E. 6550:on 19 October 2011. 6327:on 18 November 2002 6234:Nonprofit Quarterly 6203:The Washington Post 5122:on 11 November 2012 4942:. 18 November 2022. 4803:on 22 February 2014 4621:Naji, Abdennasser. 4596:journal.amaquen.org 3899:on 12 January 2016. 3615:List of think tanks 3524:Turkish think tanks 3415:Noravank Foundation 3368:Instituto Liberdade 3273:headed by Pinochet. 2991:Public Policy Forum 2850:C.D. Howe Institute 2845:Broadbent Institute 2698:The Green Institute 2558:Air Power Australia 2496:Melbourne Institute 2345:Gottlieb Duttweiler 2136:Belgrade University 2049:in Poznań (Polish: 1866:is an independent, 1462:Prospect Foundation 1424:Among them are the 1061:University of Haifa 1034:Bar Ilan University 1025:Tel Aviv University 747:Central Policy Unit 469:African think tanks 464:List of think tanks 284:and the use of the 243:Robert S. Brookings 72:Stanford University 6959:(3 February 2009). 6763:Cockett, Richard, 6148:. Tax Foundation. 5842:"GDI – Geschichte" 5679:on 5 November 2013 5413:on 24 January 2018 5344:. On Think Tanks. 5148:on 3 February 2016 5021:on 3 January 2007. 4916:on 3 February 2012 4479:The New York Times 4285:The New York Times 4260:on 13 January 2012 4252:Buldioski, Goran. 4229:. On Think Tanks. 3635:Mass communication 3630:Mass collaboration 3419:Caucasus Institute 3163:The New York Times 3104:, followed by the 3040:Hoover Institution 2976:Parkland Institute 2477:and most recently 2437:Conservative Party 2362:, founded in 1979. 2075:Sobieski Institute 1864:Atlantic Community 859:Peace and Conflict 499:Sub-Saharan Africa 458:Global think tanks 191:Club de l'Entresol 111:political strategy 95:research institute 83: 76:Hoover Institution 65: 51: 6947:Smith, James. A. 6898:Ranquet, Robert. 6865:", ODI/IDEA: Lima 6566:Igarapé Institute 6477:on 7 January 2010 6364:on 8 October 2010 5937:www.govconnex.com 5552:James G. McGann. 5167:McGann, James G. 4761:"About WRI India" 4380:, Vol. 7, No. 3, 4325:(11): 1749–1757. 3789:978-0-8047-8929-5 3759:978-1-4200-1700-7 3723:978-1-4128-3989-1 3650:Strategic studies 3645:School of thought 3550:Necmettin Erbakan 3481:According to the 3395:Igarapé Institute 3334:According to the 3208:MITRE Corporation 3185:Naval War College 3157: 3156: 2981:Pembina Institute 2648:Grattan Institute 2464:Christopher Bland 2445:Margaret Thatcher 2360:Liberal Institute 2051:Instytut Zachodni 1970:Trinità dei Monti 1432:(ISEAS), and the 1072:The Shalem Center 802:Path of Democracy 787:New Century Forum 619:Asian think tanks 429:referring to the 419:second-hand smoke 229:, was founded in 16:(Redirected from 7092: 7049: 7047: 7024: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6994:. Archived from 6944: 6934: 6796: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6685:on 25 April 2001 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6659:on 24 March 2012 6658: 6651: 6643: 6637: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6542: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6520: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6363: 6357:. Archived from 6352: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6317: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6289: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6266:. 1 March 2008. 6256: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6080:. 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formerly in 363:Washington, D.C. 302:Douglas Aircraft 298:RAND Corporation 286:definite article 269:American English 231:Washington, D.C. 188: 178: 142:social movements 91:policy institute 62:Washington, D.C. 48:Washington, D.C. 21: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7075: 7074: 7073: 7045: 7022: 7001: 6999: 6992:10.1002/pad.540 6966:Wayback Machine 6892:Wayback Machine 6877:Wayback Machine 6810:Washington Post 6735: 6733:Further reading 6730: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6630:Wayback Machine 6621:Vardan Atoyan, 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6589: 6585: 6575: 6573: 6562:"About Igarapé" 6560: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6540: 6536:McGann, James. 6534: 6530: 6514: 6513: 6506: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6480: 6478: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6399:on 25 June 2010 6391: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6350: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6318: 6314: 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5321: 5319: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5250:Cisar, Ondrej. 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4825:. 21 May 2013. 4821: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4791:"NeGP overview" 4789: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 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1742: 1718:, SAK) and the 1702:, MTK) and the 1649: 1636: 1616: 1604: 1561: 1556: 1538: 1507: 1490: 1442: 1418: 1409:Verité Research 1388: 1371: 1362: 1339: 1333: 1271: 1250: 1237:Shōwa Kenkyūkai 1161: 1087: 1082: 920: 907: 890: 855:Water Diplomacy 820: 714: 698: 646: 626: 621: 567: 550: 527: 476: 471: 466: 460: 411: 388:(TTCSP) at the 351: 339: 258:the Netherlands 235:Andrew Carnegie 219: 199: 164: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7098: 7088: 7087: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7033:(2): 259–278. 7015: 7010:Stone, Diane. 7008: 6986:(4): 303–315. 6971: 6968: 6952: 6945: 6917:(4): 535–555. 6906: 6896: 6880: 6866: 6859: 6850: 6845:Ladi, Stella. 6843: 6838:Moral Politics 6833:Lakoff, George 6830: 6827: 6814: 6805: 6800: 6797: 6779:(2): 147–162. 6768: 6761: 6751: 6744: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6710:Foreign Policy 6696: 6670: 6638: 6614: 6583: 6553: 6528: 6488: 6462: 6436: 6410: 6384: 6375: 6338: 6312: 6299:New York Times 6281: 6251: 6220: 6189: 6163: 6137: 6125: 6095: 6065: 6035: 6005: 5975: 5949: 5924: 5893: 5863: 5833: 5802: 5772: 5742: 5716: 5690: 5664: 5634: 5608: 5578: 5544: 5518: 5487: 5463:"Introduction" 5454: 5424: 5394: 5373:Foreign Policy 5359: 5329: 5299: 5273: 5242: 5216: 5190: 5159: 5133: 5107: 5076: 5050: 5024: 5006: 4975: 4964:on 13 May 2014 4945: 4927: 4901: 4870: 4853:www.meri-k.org 4840: 4814: 4782: 4752: 4726: 4700: 4670: 4644: 4613: 4583: 4553: 4527: 4497: 4464: 4438: 4412: 4386: 4369: 4302: 4271: 4244: 4217: 4192: 4168: 4137: 4123: 4088: 4082:978-1136309045 4081: 4063: 4048: 4028: 3997: 3984: 3969: 3938: 3902: 3874: 3837:(4): 535–555. 3821: 3795: 3788: 3765: 3758: 3729: 3722: 3702: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3640:Overton window 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3595: 3592: 3587: 3586:Public opinion 3584: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3478: 3475: 3438: 3435: 3427:South Caucasus 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3387:Foreign Policy 3363: 3360: 3343: 3340: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3318: 3317: 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Jauhar.my. 5034: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5010: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4799: 4792: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4468: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4147:"In the Tank" 4141: 4126: 4124:9780226517292 4120: 4116: 4115: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4049:90-6109-440-2 4045: 4041: 4040: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3988: 3980: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3926: 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