179:
adjusted from the molecular weight and functionality of isocyanate resins, prepolymers, and the exact combinations of diols, triols and polyols selected, with the rate of reaction being strongly influenced by catalysts and inhibitors; polyureas form virtually instantaneously when isocyanate resins are combined with long-chain amine functional polyether or polyester resins and short-chain diamine extenders – the amine-isocyanate nucleophilic addition reaction does not require catalysts. Polyureas also form when isocyanate resins come into contact with moisture;
20:
1158:
1164:
175:
formed and highly branched crosslinked structures develop, the rate of cure being influenced by the physical form and functionality of epoxy resins and curing agents – elevated temperature postcuring induces secondary crosslinking of backbone hydroxyl functionality which condense to form ether bonds;
245:
composites, which are used in the fabrication of factory-finished structural composite OEM or replacement parts, and as site-applied, cured and finished composite repair and protection materials. When used as the binder for aggregates and other solid fillers, they form particulate-reinforced polymer
232:
and re-shaped after they are cured. This usually prevents recycling for the same purpose, except as filler material. New developments involving thermoset epoxy resins which on controlled and contained heating form crosslinked networks permit repeatedly reshaping, like silica glass by reversible
174:
Epoxy functional resins can be homo-polymerized with anionic or cationic catalysts and heat, or copolymerised through nucleophilic addition reactions with multifunctional crosslinking agents which are also known as curing agents or hardeners. As reaction proceeds, larger and larger molecules are
178:
Polyurethanes form when isocyanate resins and prepolymers are combined with low- or high-molecular weight polyols, with strict stoichiometric ratios being essential to control nucleophilic addition polymerisation – the degree of crosslinking and resulting physical type (elastomer or plastic) is
220:
applications up to the decomposition temperature since they keep their shape as strong covalent bonds between polymer chains cannot be broken easily. The higher the crosslink density and aromatic content of a thermoset polymer, the higher the resistance to heat degradation and chemical attack.
193:
resins all cured by polycondensation involving the release of water and heat, with cure initiation and polymerisation exotherm control influenced by curing temperature, catalyst selection or loading and processing method or pressure – the degree of pre-polymerisation and level of residual
203:
Thermosetting polymer mixtures based on thermosetting resin monomers and pre-polymers can be formulated and applied and processed in a variety of ways to create distinctive cured properties that cannot be achieved with thermoplastic polymers or inorganic materials.
170:
diluents, with cure initiated by free radicals generated from ionizing radiation or by the photolytic or thermal decomposition of a radical initiator – the intensity of crosslinking is influenced by the degree of backbone unsaturation in the prepolymer;
298:: insulating foams, mattresses, coatings, adhesives, car parts, print rollers, shoe soles, flooring, synthetic fibers, etc. Polyurethane polymers are formed by combining two bi- or higher functional monomers/oligomers.
233:
covalent bond exchange reactions on reheating above the glass transition temperature. There are also thermoset polyurethanes shown to have transient properties and which can thus be reprocessed or recycled.
224:
Hard, plastic thermosets may undergo permanent or plastic deformation under load. Elastomers, which are soft and springy or rubbery and can be deformed and revert to their original shape on loading release.
1765:
286:
or polycyanurates for electronics applications with need for dielectric properties and high glass temperature requirements in aerospace structural composite components.
366:, used alone or hybridised with epoxy and phenolic resins, for structural prepregs, liquid molding and film adhesives for composite construction, bonding and repair.
764:; Marc A. Hillmyer; William R. Dichtel (2015). "Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers". Journal of the American Chemical Society.
822:
Guzman, Enrique; Cugnoni, Joël; Gmür, Thomas (2014). "Multi-Factorial Models of a Carbon Fibre/Epoxy
Composite Subjected to Accelerated Environmental Ageing".
640:
Reactive
Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers (Plastics Design Library), William Andrew Inc., 2nd edition, 2013,
292:
fiberglass systems: sheet molding compounds and bulk molding compounds; filament winding; wet lay-up lamination; repair compounds and protective coatings.
280:
used in printed circuit boards and in body parts of modern aircraft, aerospace composite structures, as a coating material and for glass reinforced pipes.
1489:
221:
Mechanical strength and hardness also improve with crosslink density, although at the expense of brittleness. They normally decompose before melting.
882:
Roberto C. Dante, Diego A. SantamarĂa and JesĂşs MartĂn Gil (2009). "Crosslinking and thermal stability of thermosets based on novolak and melamine".
562:
200:
are cured by an exothermal ring-opening polymerisation without releasing any chemical, which translates in near zero shrinkage upon polymerisation.
124:
polymers which are commonly produced and distributed in the form of pellets, and shaped into the final product form by melting, pressing, or
849:
Kulkarni, Romit; Wappler, Peter; Soltani, Mahdi; Haybat, Mehmet; Guenther, Thomas; Groezinger, Tobias; Zimmermann, André (1 February 2019).
246:
composites, which are used for factory-applied protective coating or component manufacture, and for site-applied and cured construction, or
384:
1482:
375:
resins used in the manufacture of sustainable biocomposite construction, cements, adhesives, coatings and casting/foundry resins.
357:
Diallyl-phthalate (DAP) used in high temperature and mil-spec electrical connectors and other components. Usually glass filled.
812:
ISO 24817 Composite
Repairs for Pipework: Qualification and Design, Installation, Testing and Inspection, 2015, ICS: 75.180.20
1365:
801:
785:
716:
605:
1824:
1775:
1744:
851:"An Assessment of Thermoset Injection Molding for Thin-Walled Conformal Encapsulation of Board-Level Electronic Packages"
679:
56:
690:
Industrial
Polymer Applications: Essential Chemistry and Technology, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, 1st edition, 2016,
1475:
982:
695:
645:
629:
79:. Heat is not necessarily applied externally, and is often generated by the reaction of the resin with a curing agent (
1871:
1467:
1007:
360:
Epoxy novolac resins used for printed circuit boards, electrical encapsulation, adhesives and coatings for metal.
1760:
1739:
1636:
1390:
621:
1814:
1734:
657:
443:
393:
resins used for wet lay-up laminating, molding and fast setting industrial protection and repair materials.
216:
materials due to the three-dimensional network of bonds (crosslinking), and are also better suited to high-
159:. Crosslink density varies depending on the monomer or prepolymer mix, and the mechanism of crosslinking:
1807:
1729:
1545:
1142:
533:
267:
270:; casting; electronics encapsulation; construction; protective coatings; adhesives; sealing and joining.
1866:
1072:
1047:
1847:
1581:
1380:
1205:
1022:
1012:
674:
Concise
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, ed. J.I. Kroschwitz, Wiley, New York, 1990,
516:
182:
166:
with unsaturated sites at the ends or on the backbone are generally linked by copolymerisation with
1651:
1641:
1503:
1190:
1137:
1027:
538:
263:
242:
1241:
1132:
1117:
1097:
494:
439:
247:
910:
1656:
1534:
1289:
1017:
975:
796:
PCC-2 Repair of
Pressure Equipment and Piping, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015,
498:
1836:
1540:
761:
435:
155:
or chain extension through the formation of covalent bonds between individual chains of the
1556:
1551:
1524:
1442:
780:
Polymer Matrix
Composites: Materials Usage, Design, and Analysis, SAE International, 2012,
881:
8:
1686:
1447:
1370:
1284:
1236:
490:
334:, light but strong material, similar to Bakelite formerly used in the manufacture of the
167:
381:
used for thermoset polymer matrix composites and as ceramic matrix composite precursors.
1701:
1619:
1360:
1334:
1304:
1264:
1246:
1195:
1147:
1127:
478:
369:
Mold or mold runners (the black plastic part in integrated circuits or semiconductors).
136:
60:
947:
T Malaba, J Wang, Journal of
Composites, vol. 2015, Article ID 707151, 8 pages, 2015.
1831:
1797:
1717:
1529:
1351:
1269:
968:
930:
835:
797:
781:
712:
691:
675:
641:
625:
617:
601:
572:
484:
411:
390:
341:
163:
125:
113:
40:
600:
Chemistry and
Technology of Epoxy Resins, ed. B. Ellis, Springer Netherlands, 1993,
591:
Unsaturated
Polyester Technology, ed. P.F. Bruins, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1976
94:
1722:
1417:
1319:
1294:
1226:
1092:
1087:
1032:
948:
922:
891:
862:
831:
765:
745:
744:
D. Montarnal, M. Capelot, F. Tournilhac, L. Leibler, Science, 2011, 334, 965-968],
576:
567:
463:
419:
197:
1497:
1586:
1572:
1437:
1324:
1314:
1082:
616:
Polyurethane Handbook, ed. G Oertel, Hanser, Munich, Germany, 2nd edition, 1994,
289:
1615:
1427:
1329:
1200:
487:(used for making pipes, threads of fabric and insulation for electrical cables)
378:
351:
19:
926:
911:"Migration of melamine and formaldehyde from tableware made of melamine resin"
1860:
1802:
1609:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1279:
1180:
1102:
1052:
580:
571:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
543:
512:
311:
283:
213:
121:
749:
120:. Once hardened, a thermoset cannot be melted for reshaping, in contrast to
1422:
1412:
1274:
1221:
1122:
1067:
1042:
508:
504:
363:
325:
305:
295:
1668:
1157:
952:
934:
1605:
1577:
1512:
1432:
1231:
1112:
1107:
769:
217:
867:
850:
1681:
1309:
1299:
455:
451:
273:
90:
64:
32:
895:
1770:
1676:
1646:
1516:
1077:
1062:
1037:
331:
277:
194:
hydroxymethyl content in the resins determine the crosslink density.
152:
144:
109:
98:
72:
1691:
520:
467:
423:
407:
317:
301:
117:
85:
76:
1163:
1819:
1696:
1597:
1499:
991:
459:
431:
427:
403:
345:
335:
229:
156:
140:
52:
387:, an electrical insulating thermoset phenolic laminate material.
321:
148:
733:
Design and Manufacture with Polymers: Introduction to Polymers
89:). Curing results in chemical reactions that create extensive
706:
447:
415:
372:
259:
190:
186:
68:
848:
402:
Application/process uses and methods for thermosets include
1057:
960:
308:
hybrids used for abrasion resistant waterproofing coatings.
16:
Polymer obtained by irreversibly hardening (curing) a resin
909:
Ishiwata, Hajimu; Inoue, Takiko; Tanimura, Akio (1986).
228:
Conventional thermoset plastics or elastomers cannot be
241:
When compounded with fibers, thermosetting resins form
112:
or liquid prior to curing, and is often designed to be
523:, emblems as well as production and replacement parts)
75:
and may be promoted by high pressure or mixing with a
908:
328:
resin used in electrical insulators and plasticware.
212:Thermosetting plastics are generally stronger than
855:Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
821:
354:used on worktop surfaces and some plastic dishes.
1858:
338:automobile, currently used for household objects
116:into the final shape. It may also be used as an
348:, particleboard and medium-density fibreboard.
1483:
976:
481:(used for objects such as milk bottle crates)
236:
735:, page 9. Milton Keynes: The Open University
473:Specific methods of molding thermosets are:
707:S.H. Goodman, H. Dodiuk-Kenig, ed. (2013).
139:a thermosetting resin transforms it into a
1490:
1476:
983:
969:
866:
71:). Curing is induced by heat or suitable
18:
1859:
1073:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
1471:
1013:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
1008:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
964:
760:Fortman, David J.; Jacob P. Brutman;
731:The Open University (UK), 2000. T838
711:(3rd ed.). USA: William Andrew.
266:such as glass-reinforced plastic and
262:used as the matrix component in many
93:between polymer chains to produce an
1825:List of environmental health hazards
1745:List of environmental health hazards
35:to give a rigid 3D thermoset polymer
131:
13:
1630:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
884:Journal of Applied Polymer Science
568:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
63:") a soft solid or viscous liquid
26:: individual linear polymer chains
14:
1883:
104:The starting material for making
31:: Polymer chains which have been
1162:
1156:
1048:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
1023:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
836:10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.12.028
1028:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
941:
915:Food Additives and Contaminants
902:
875:
842:
815:
806:
790:
774:
754:
738:
725:
397:
162:Acrylic resins, polyesters and
1391:Category:Plastics applications
1138:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
1133:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
1118:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
709:Handbook of Thermoset Plastics
700:
684:
668:
650:
634:
610:
594:
585:
556:
1:
1098:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
549:
207:
1815:Persistent organic pollutant
1776:Toxic Substances Control Act
1735:Persistent organic pollutant
1018:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
990:
418:for jointing and injection,
253:
7:
1808:Great Pacific garbage patch
1730:Great Pacific garbage patch
1143:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
1058:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
662:Polymer Properties Database
534:Fusion bonded epoxy coating
527:
268:graphite-reinforced plastic
10:
1888:
1771:Japan Toxic Substances Law
1566:Miscellaneous plasticizers
237:Fiber-reinforced materials
1845:
1790:
1766:European REACH regulation
1761:California Proposition 65
1753:
1710:
1667:
1629:
1596:
1565:
1511:
1504:polyhalogenated compounds
1460:
1405:
1381:High-performance plastics
1350:
1343:
1255:
1214:
1206:High-performance plastics
1171:
1154:
998:
927:10.1080/02652038609373566
264:fiber reinforced plastics
1191:Fibre-reinforced plastic
1128:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
581:10.1351/goldbook.TT07168
539:Thermoset polymer matrix
243:fiber-reinforced polymer
1242:Biodegradable additives
750:10.1126/science.1212648
501:thermosetting plastics)
1872:Thermosetting plastics
1657:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1093:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
1088:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
1033:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
36:
1837:Biodegradable plastic
1186:Thermosetting polymer
1083:Polylactic acid (PLA)
762:Christopher J. Cramer
573:thermosetting polymer
440:electrical insulation
45:thermosetting polymer
22:
1848:Identification codes
1448:Foam food containers
1371:Engineering plastics
824:Composite Structures
770:10.1021/jacs.5b08084
507:(used for producing
55:that is obtained by
1687:Endocrine disruptor
1285:Compression molding
1237:Polymer stabilizers
953:10.1155/2015/707151
868:10.3390/jmmp3010018
491:Compression molding
168:unsaturated monomer
1702:Polymer fume fever
1361:Commodity plastics
1335:Rotational molding
1305:Fiberglass molding
1265:Injection moulding
1247:Filler (materials)
1196:Corrugated plastic
1148:Tritan copolyester
1103:Polypropylene (PP)
1053:Polycarbonate (PC)
658:"Polybenzoxazines"
479:injection moulding
404:protective coating
37:
1867:Polymer chemistry
1854:
1853:
1832:Plastic recycling
1798:Plastic pollution
1784:
1783:
1718:Plastic pollution
1498:Health issues of
1456:
1455:
1352:Plastics industry
1270:Plastic extrusion
1123:Polyurethane (PU)
1113:Polysulfone (PES)
1068:Polyethylene (PE)
1043:Polybutylene (PB)
896:10.1002/app.31114
802:978-0-7918-6959-8
786:978-0-7680-7813-8
718:978-1-4557-3107-7
606:978-94-010-5302-0
517:gaming miniatures
485:Extrusion molding
422:, foundry sands,
412:civil engineering
408:seamless flooring
342:Urea-formaldehyde
312:Vulcanized rubber
126:injection molding
101:polymer network.
47:, often called a
41:materials science
1879:
1723:Rubber pollution
1573:Organophosphates
1492:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1348:
1347:
1320:Filament winding
1295:Transfer molding
1222:Polymer additive
1166:
1160:
1108:Polystyrene (PS)
985:
978:
971:
962:
961:
955:
945:
939:
938:
906:
900:
899:
890:(6): 4059–4065.
879:
873:
872:
870:
846:
840:
839:
819:
813:
810:
804:
794:
788:
778:
772:
758:
752:
742:
736:
729:
723:
722:
704:
698:
688:
682:
672:
666:
665:
654:
648:
638:
632:
614:
608:
598:
592:
589:
583:
560:
464:filament winding
198:Polybenzoxazines
132:Chemical process
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1841:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1749:
1706:
1663:
1625:
1592:
1561:
1507:
1496:
1462:
1452:
1401:
1339:
1325:Solvent bonding
1315:Plastic welding
1257:
1251:
1210:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1063:Polyester (PEs)
1000:
994:
989:
959:
958:
946:
942:
907:
903:
880:
876:
847:
843:
820:
816:
811:
807:
795:
791:
779:
775:
759:
755:
743:
739:
730:
726:
719:
705:
701:
689:
685:
673:
669:
656:
655:
651:
639:
635:
615:
611:
599:
595:
590:
586:
561:
557:
552:
530:
493:(used to shape
470:, and molding.
400:
379:Silicone resins
290:Polyester resin
256:
239:
210:
134:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1616:Vinyl chloride
1613:
1610:Polycarbonates
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1508:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:Packaging film
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1406:Specific goods
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1330:Vacuum forming
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1201:Polymeric foam
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:Polyimide (PI)
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1038:Polyamide (PA)
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
987:
980:
973:
965:
957:
956:
940:
901:
874:
841:
830:(4): 179–192.
814:
805:
789:
773:
753:
737:
724:
717:
699:
696:978-1782628149
683:
680:0-471-5 1253-2
667:
649:
646:978-1455731497
633:
630:978-1569901571
609:
593:
584:
554:
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
529:
526:
525:
524:
502:
488:
482:
399:
396:
395:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
367:
361:
358:
355:
352:Melamine resin
349:
339:
329:
315:
309:
299:
293:
287:
284:Cyanate esters
281:
271:
255:
252:
238:
235:
209:
206:
133:
130:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1884:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:Garbage patch
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
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1733:
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1716:
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1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
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1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
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1669:Health issues
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1398:(Agriculture)
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1396:Plasticulture
1394:
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1181:Thermoplastic
1179:
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545:
544:Vulcanization
542:
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537:
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531:
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509:fishing lures
506:
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444:encapsulation
441:
437:
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429:
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414:construction
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389:
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368:
365:
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344:foam used in
343:
340:
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333:
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296:Polyurethanes
294:
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288:
285:
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279:
278:Bismaleimides
275:
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269:
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258:
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251:
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214:thermoplastic
205:
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119:
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91:cross-linking
88:
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78:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
25:
21:
1513:Plasticizers
1461:Environment
1413:Blister pack
1366:Construction
1275:Blow molding
1185:
943:
921:(1): 63–69.
918:
914:
904:
887:
883:
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844:
827:
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686:
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661:
652:
636:
612:
596:
587:
566:
558:
505:Spin casting
472:
454:laminating,
401:
398:Applications
364:Benzoxazines
326:formaldehyde
306:polyurethane
240:
227:
223:
211:
202:
196:
181:
177:
173:
164:vinyl esters
161:
153:crosslinking
135:
105:
103:
84:
80:
59:hardening ("
57:irreversibly
48:
44:
38:
33:cross linked
28:
23:
1754:Regulations
1606:Bisphenol A
1290:Calendering
1232:Plasticizer
1172:Mechanical
391:Vinyl ester
260:Epoxy resin
248:maintenance
218:temperature
108:is usually
1861:Categories
1682:Carcinogen
1647:Organotins
1517:Phthalates
1463:and health
1310:Pultrusion
1300:Laminating
1258:processing
622:1569901570
550:References
456:pultrusion
452:wet lay-up
274:Polyimides
250:purposes.
208:Properties
106:thermosets
65:prepolymer
1711:Pollution
1677:Teratogen
1608:(BPA, in
1256:Plastics
1227:Colorants
1215:Additives
999:Chemical
861:(1): 18.
521:figurines
477:Reactive
468:pre-pregs
424:adhesives
332:Duroplast
254:Materials
145:elastomer
110:malleable
99:insoluble
95:infusible
73:radiation
49:thermoset
1692:Diabetes
1598:Monomers
1578:Adipates
1500:plastics
1354:segments
1344:Products
992:Plastics
528:See also
460:gelcoats
446:, solid
432:castings
428:sealants
385:Thiolyte
318:Bakelite
302:Polyurea
183:Phenolic
118:adhesive
86:hardener
81:catalyst
77:catalyst
1820:Dioxins
1740:Dioxins
1697:Obesity
1438:Cutlery
1428:Bottles
935:3956795
436:potting
420:mortars
346:plywood
336:Trabant
157:polymer
141:plastic
53:polymer
51:, is a
1537:(BBzP)
1506:(PHCs)
1418:Chairs
1386:Nurdle
933:
800:
784:
715:
694:
678:
644:
628:
620:
604:
416:grouts
322:phenol
230:melted
189:, and
149:rubber
137:Curing
114:molded
61:curing
1791:Waste
1637:PBDEs
1548:(DOP)
1174:types
1001:types
563:IUPAC
448:foams
373:Furan
191:furan
187:amino
151:) by
143:, or
69:resin
29:Right
1652:PFCs
1642:PCBs
1618:(in
1582:DEHA
1557:DINP
1552:DIDP
1546:DEHP
1541:DIHP
1525:DIBP
1502:and
1433:Bags
931:PMID
798:ISBN
782:ISBN
713:ISBN
692:ISBN
676:ISBN
642:ISBN
626:ISBN
618:ISBN
602:ISBN
513:jigs
511:and
497:and
320:, a
276:and
97:and
43:, a
24:Left
1620:PVC
1587:DOA
1535:BBP
1530:DBP
949:doi
923:doi
892:doi
888:114
863:doi
832:doi
828:111
766:doi
746:doi
577:doi
575:".
499:BMC
495:SMC
39:In
1863::
1515::
929:.
917:.
913:.
886:.
857:.
853:.
826:.
660:.
624:,
565:,
519:,
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466:,
462:,
458:,
450:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
410:,
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128:.
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951::
937:.
925::
919:3
898:.
894::
871:.
865::
859:3
838:.
834::
768::
748::
721:.
664:.
579::
324:-
314:.
304:/
147:(
67:(
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