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blocks to achieve fast temperature changes and uniform temperature throughout the block. Other cyclers have multiple blocks with high heat capacity, each of which is kept at a constant temperature, and the reaction tubes are moved between them by means of an automated process. Miniaturized thermal
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Modern thermal cyclers are equipped with a heated lid that presses against the lids of the reaction tubes. This prevents condensation of water from the reaction mixtures on the insides of the lids. Traditionally, a layer of
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Higgins, James A.; Nasarabadi, Shanavaz; Karns, Jeffrey S.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Cooper, Mary; Gbakima, Aiah; Koopman, Ronald P. (1 August 2003). "A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection".
102:. Since this enzyme is destroyed during each heating step of the amplification process, new enzyme had to be added every cycle. This led to a cumbersome machine based on an automated
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with holes where tubes holding the reaction mixtures can be inserted. The cycler then raises and lowers the temperature of the block in discrete, pre-programmed steps.
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function to allow for different temperatures in different parts of the block. This is particularly useful when testing suitable annealing temperatures for PCR
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was used for this purpose. Some thermal cyclers are equipped with a fully adjustable heated lid to allow for nonstandard or diverse types of PCR plasticware.
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55:(PCR). Thermal cyclers may also be used in laboratories to facilitate other temperature-sensitive reactions, including
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cyclers have been created in which the reaction mixture moves via channel through hot and cold zones on a
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A very early PCR machine which, rather than cycling through different temperatures, uses three different
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Weier, HU; Gray, JW (Jul–Aug 1988). "A programmable system to perform the polymerase chain reaction".
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have optical systems which enable fluorescence to be monitored during reaction cycling.
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Some thermal cyclers are equipped with multiple blocks allowing several different
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The earliest thermal cyclers were designed for use with the
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to be carried out simultaneously. Some models also have a
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is commonly used. Quality thermal cyclers often contain
242:"The Most "Advanced" Thermal Cycler Yet - Get Informed"
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apparatus most commonly used to amplify segments of
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291:Molecular biology laboratory equipment
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272:, an open-source PCR thermal cycler
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252:2017-05-31
173:References
45:laboratory
163:gradient
104:pipettor
51:via the
270:OpenPCR
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67:History
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