186:, at least one boundary of the system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface (i.e. liquid). Advantages of open microfluidics include accessibility to the flowing liquid for intervention, larger liquid-gas surface area, and minimized bubble formation. Another advantage of open microfluidics is the ability to integrate open systems with surface-tension driven fluid flow, which eliminates the need for external pumping methods such as peristaltic or syringe pumps. Open microfluidic devices are also easy and inexpensive to fabricate by milling, thermoforming, and hot embossing. In addition, open microfluidics eliminates the need to glue or bond a cover for devices, which could be detrimental to capillary flows. Examples of open microfluidics include open-channel microfluidics, rail-based microfluidics,
483:
fields. This causes the magnetic particles to be quickly pushed from side to side within the droplet and results in the mixing of the microdroplet contents. This eliminates the need for tedious engineering considerations that are necessary for traditional, channel-based droplet mixing. Other research has also shown that the label-free separation of cells may be possible by suspending cells in a paramagnetic fluid and taking advantage of the magneto-Archimedes effect. While this does eliminate the complexity of particle functionalization, more research is needed to fully understand the magneto-Archimedes phenomenon and how it can be used to this end. This is not an exhaustive list of the various applications of microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis; the above examples merely highlight the versatility of this
874:
proteins. This reduction in reagent volumes allows for new experiments like single-cell protein analysis, which due to size limitations of prior devices, previously came with great difficulty. The coupling of HPLC-chip devices with other spectrometry methods like mass-spectrometry allow for enhanced confidence in identification of desired species, like proteins. Microfluidic chips have also been created with internal delay-lines that allow for gradient generation to further improve HPLC, which can reduce the need for further separations. Some other practical applications of integrated HPLC chips include the determination of drug presence in a person through their hair and the labeling of peptides through reverse phase liquid chromatography.
973:
droplets that is achievable. Using microfluidics for emulsions is also more energy efficient compared to homogenization in which âonly 5% of the supplied energy is used to generate the emulsion, with the rest dissipated as heatâ . Although these methods have benefits, they currently lack the ability to be produced at large scale that is needed for commercialization. Microfluidics are also used in research as they allow for innovation in food chemistry and food processing. An example in food engineering research is a novel micro-3D-printed device fabricated to research production of droplets for potential food processing industry use, particularly in work with enhancing emulsions.
325:
dimensions, the pore structure, wettability and geometry of the microfluidic devices can be controlled while the viscosity and evaporation rate of the liquid play a further significant role. Many such devices feature hydrophobic barriers on hydrophilic paper that passively transport aqueous solutions to outlets where biological reactions take place. Paper-based microfluidics are considered as portable point-of-care biosensors used in a remote setting where advanced medical diagnostic tools are not accessible. Current applications include portable glucose detection and environmental testing, with hopes of reaching areas that lack advanced medical diagnostic tools.
224:
separation, but they are less suitable for tasks requiring a high degree of flexibility or fluid manipulations. These closed-channel systems are inherently difficult to integrate and scale because the parameters that govern flow field vary along the flow path making the fluid flow at any one location dependent on the properties of the entire system. Permanently etched microstructures also lead to limited reconfigurability and poor fault tolerance capability. Computer-aided design automation approaches for continuous-flow microfluidics have been proposed in recent years to alleviate the design effort and to solve the scalability problems.
977:
as nitrate, preservatives, or antibiotics in meat by a colorimetric reaction that can be detected with a smartphone. These methods are being researched because they use less reactants, space, and time compared to traditional techniques such as liquid chromatography. ÎŒPADs also make home detection tests possible, which is of interest to those with allergies and intolerances. In addition to paper-based methods, research demonstrates droplet-based microfluidics shows promise in drastically shortening the time necessary to confirm viable bacterial contamination in agricultural waters in the domestic and international food industry.
289:. Le Pesant et al. pioneered the use of electrocapillary forces to move droplets on a digital track. The "fluid transistor" pioneered by Cytonix also played a role. The technology was subsequently commercialised by Duke University. By using discrete unit-volume droplets, a microfluidic function can be reduced to a set of repeated basic operations, i.e., moving one unit of fluid over one unit of distance. This "digitisation" method facilitates the use of a hierarchical and cell-based approach for microfluidic biochip design. Therefore, digital microfluidics offers a flexible and scalable system architecture as well as high
20:
848:
PMMA, and glass) is advantageous, although material integrity must be considered under specific harsh conditions. Through the usage of fiber optic coupling, the device can be isolated from instrumentation, preventing irradiative damage and minimizing the exposure of lab personnel to potentially harmful radiation, something not possible on the lab scale nor with the previous standard of analysis. The shrinkage of the device also allows for lower amounts of analyte to be used, decreasing the amount of waste generated and exposure to hazardous materials.
865:
detection from certain machines like those that measure fluorescence. More recent designs have fully integrated HPLC columns into microfluidic chips. The main advantage of integrating HPLC columns into microfluidic devices is the smaller form factor that can be achieved, which allows for additional features to be combined within one microfluidic chip. Integrated chips can also be fabricated from multiple different materials, including glass and polyimide which are quite different from the standard material of
893:(typically nanoliters or picoliters) without any physical contact. This technology focuses acoustic energy into a fluid sample to eject droplets as small as a millionth of a millionth of a litre (picoliter = 10 litre). ADE technology is a very gentle process, and it can be used to transfer proteins, high molecular weight DNA and live cells without damage or loss of viability. This feature makes the technology suitable for a wide variety of applications including
267:
growing substantially in past decades. Microdroplets allow for handling miniature volumes (ÎŒL to fL) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, and sensing, and suit high throughput experiments. Exploiting the benefits of droplet-based microfluidics efficiently requires a deep understanding of droplet generation to perform various logical operations such as droplet manipulation, droplet sorting, droplet merging, and droplet breakup.
9831:
228:
1273:
1259:
9819:
254:
9107:
108:
379:. Critical dimensions down to 1 ÎŒm are easily fabricated, and with a bit more effort and expense, feature sizes below 100 nm can be patterned reliably as well. This enables the inexpensive production of pores integrated in a microfluidic circuit where the pore diameters can reach sizes of order 100 nm, with a concomitant reduction in the minimum particle diameters by several orders of magnitude.
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99:. Micropumps supply fluids in a continuous manner or are used for dosing. Microvalves determine the flow direction or the mode of movement of pumped liquids. Often, processes normally carried out in a lab are miniaturised on a single chip, which enhances efficiency and mobility, and reduces sample and reagent volumes.
87:, in the form of capillary flow modifying elements, akin to flow resistors and flow accelerators. In some applications, external actuation means are additionally used for a directed transport of the media. Examples are rotary drives applying centrifugal forces for the fluid transport on the passive chips.
972:
Food processing requires the ability to enable shelf stability in foods, such as emulsions or additions of preservatives. Techniques such as droplet microfluidics are used to create emulsions that are more controlled and complex than those created by traditional homogenization due to the precision of
838:
spectroscopy, which allows for the analysis of more complex mixtures which contain several actinides at different oxidation states. Measurements made with these methods have been validated at the bulk level for industrial tests, and are observed to have a much lower variance at the micro-scale. This
266:
Droplet-based microfluidics is a subcategory of microfluidics in contrast with continuous microfluidics; droplet-based microfluidics manipulates discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low
Reynolds number and laminar flow regimes. Interest in droplet-based microfluidics systems has been
976:
Paper and droplet microfluidics allow for devices that can detect small amounts of unwanted bacteria or chemicals, making them useful in food safety and analysis. Paper-based microfluidic devices are often referred to as microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (ÎŒPADs) and can detect such things
927:
are interested in measuring the chemical composition of extraplanetary bodies. Because of their small size and wide-ranging functionality, microfluidic devices are uniquely suited for these remote sample analyses. From an extraterrestrial sample, the organic content can be assessed using microchip
495:
Microfluidic structures include micropneumatic systems, i.e. microsystems for the handling of off-chip fluids (liquid pumps, gas valves, etc.), and microfluidic structures for the on-chip handling of nanoliter (nl) and picoliter (pl) volumes. To date, the most successful commercial application of
258:
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used in many different droplet-based microfluidic devices. This is an important feature because different applications of HPLC microfluidic chips may call for different pressures. PDMS fails in comparison for high-pressure uses compared to glass and polyimide. High versatility of HPLC integration
342:
is passed through a small (~100 ÎŒm diameter) pore, so that an electrical signal is generated that is directly proportional to the ratio of the particle volume to the pore volume. The physics behind this is relatively simple, described in a classic paper by DeBlois and Bean, and the implementation
1123:
sample with high accuracy. To improve this strategy, the microfluidic program with a sequential manner of drug cocktails, coupled with fluorescent barcodes, is more efficient. Another advanced strategy is detecting growth rates of single-cell by using suspended microchannel resonators, which can
847:
Through the application of the PhLOC, flexibility and safety of operational methods are increased. Since the analysis of spent nuclear fuel involves extremely harsh conditions, the application of disposable and rapidly produced devices (Based on castable and/or engravable materials such as PDMS,
173:
Microfluidic flows need only be constrained by geometrical length scale â the modalities and methods used to achieve such a geometrical constraint are highly dependent on the targeted application. Traditionally, microfluidic flows have been generated inside closed channels with the channel cross
873:
The potential applications surrounding integrated HPLC columns within microfluidic devices have proven expansive over the last 10â15 years. The integration of such columns allows for experiments to be run where materials were in low availability or very expensive, like in biological analysis of
843:
at the micro-scale for U(IV). Through the development of a spectrophotometric approach to analyzing spent fuel, an on-line method for measurement of reactant quantities is created, increasing the rate at which samples can be analyzed and thus decreasing the size of deviations detectable within
613:
Antibiotic resistance: microfluidic devices can be used as heterogeneous environments for microorganisms. In a heterogeneous environment, it is easier for a microorganism to evolve. This can be useful for testing the acceleration of evolution of a microorganism / for testing the development of
482:
Conversely, microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis may be used to facilitate efficient mixing within microdroplets or plugs. To accomplish this, microdroplets are injected with paramagnetic nanoparticles and are flowed through a straight channel which passes through rapidly alternating magnetic
864:
HPLC in the field of microfluidics comes in two different forms. Early designs included running liquid through the HPLC column then transferring the eluted liquid to microfluidic chips and attaching HPLC columns to the microfluidic chip directly. The early methods had the advantage of easier
293:
capability. Moreover, because each droplet can be controlled independently, these systems also have dynamic reconfigurability, whereby groups of unit cells in a microfluidic array can be reconfigured to change their functionality during the concurrent execution of a set of bioassays. Although
223:
mechanisms. Continuous-flow microfluidic operation is the mainstream approach because it is easy to implement and less sensitive to protein fouling problems. Continuous-flow devices are adequate for many well-defined and simple biochemical applications, and for certain tasks such as chemical
255:
990:
Personalized cancer treatment is a tuned method based on the patient's diagnosis and background. Microfluidic technology offers sensitive detection with higher throughput, as well as reduced time and costs. For personalized cancer treatment, tumor composition and drug sensitivities are very
324:
Paper-based microfluidic devices fill a growing niche for portable, cheap, and user-friendly medical diagnostic systems. Paper based microfluidics rely on the phenomenon of capillary penetration in porous media. To tune fluid penetration in porous substrates such as paper in two and three
479:. Once the magnetic particles are functionalized, they are dispersed in a cell mixture where they bind to only the cells of interest. The resulting cell/particle mixture can then be flowed through a microfluidic device with a magnetic field to separate the targeted cells from the rest.
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process successfully being demonstrated at the micro-scale. Likewise, the microfluidic technology developed for the analysis of spent nuclear fuel is predicted to expand horizontally to analysis of other actinide, lanthanides, and transition metals with little to no modification.
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257:
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202:
through narrow channels or porous media predominantly by accelerating or hindering fluid flow in capillary elements. In paper based microfluidics, capillary elements can be achieved through the simple variation of section geometry. In general, the actuation of
3815:
Lewpiriyawong N, Kandaswamy K, Yang C, Ivanov V, Stocker R (December 2011). "Microfluidic characterization and continuous separation of cells and particles using conducting poly(dimethyl siloxane) electrode induced alternating current-dielectrophoresis".
568:
Microfluidic technology has led to the creation of powerful tools for biologists to control the complete cellular environment, leading to new questions and discoveries. Many diverse advantages of this technology for microbiology are listed below:
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of glass, minimized Joule heating effects, making the system highly efficient and fast. Such innovations highlight the potential of microfluidic devices in analytical chemistry, particularly in applications requiring quick and precise analyses.
333:
One application area that has seen significant academic effort and some commercial effort is in the area of particle detection in fluids. Particle detection of small fluid-borne particles down to about 1 ÎŒm in diameter is typically done using a
1010:
technology in which droplets are transported in a reusable capillary and alternately flow through two areas maintained at different constant temperatures and fluorescence detection. It can be efficient with a low contamination risk to detect
4006:
Weiss AC, KrĂŒger K, Besford QA, Schlenk M, Kempe K, Förster S, Caruso F (January 2019). "In Situ
Characterization of Protein Corona Formation on Silica Microparticles Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Combined with Microfluidics".
366:
The limit on the pore size in traditional RPS Coulter counters is set by the method used to make the pores, which while a trade secret, most likely uses traditional mechanical methods. This is where microfluidics can have an impact: The
6655:
Zhu KY, Leung KW, Ting AK, Wong ZC, Ng WY, Choi RC, et al. (March 2012). "Microfluidic chip based nano liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of abused drugs and metabolites in human hair".
164:
High specificity of chemical and physical properties (concentration, pH, temperature, shear force, etc.) can also be ensured resulting in more uniform reaction conditions and higher grade products in single and multi-step reactions.
302:). Many lab-on-a-chip applications have been demonstrated within the digital microfluidics paradigm using electrowetting. However, recently other techniques for droplet manipulation have also been demonstrated using magnetic force,
411:
One major area of application for microfluidic devices is the separation and sorting of different fluids or cell types. Recent developments in the microfluidics field have seen the integration of microfluidic devices with
870:
ensures robustness by avoiding connections and fittings between the column and chip. The ability to build off said designs in the future allows the field of microfluidics to continue expanding its potential applications.
294:
droplets are manipulated in confined microfluidic channels, since the control on droplets is not independent, it should not be confused as "digital microfluidics". One common actuation method for digital microfluidics is
7123:
Stockton AM, Tjin CC, Huang GL, Benhabib M, Chiesl TN, Mathies RA (November 2010). "Analysis of carbonaceous biomarkers with the Mars
Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system: aldehydes and ketones".
6987:
Chiesl TN, Chu WK, Stockton AM, Amashukeli X, Grunthaner F, Mathies RA (April 2009). "Enhanced amine and amino acid analysis using
Pacific Blue and the Mars Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system".
839:
approach has been found to have molar extinction coefficients (UV-Vis) in line with known literature values over a comparatively large concentration span for 150 ÎŒL via elongation of the measurement channel, and obeys
794:
By rectifying the motion of individual swimming bacteria, microfluidic structures can be used to extract mechanical motion from a population of motile bacterial cells. This way, bacteria-powered rotors can be built.
23:
NIST researchers have combined a glass slide, plastic sheets and double-sided tape to create an inexpensive and simple-to-build microfluidic device for exposing an array of cells to different concentrations of a
7757:
Hajji I, Serra M, Geremie L, Ferrante I, Renault R, Viovy JL, Descroix S, Ferraro D (2020). "Droplet microfluidic platform for fast and continuous-flow RT-qPCR analysis devoted to cancer diagnosis application".
968:
are used in the realm of food science in a variety of categories. Research in nutrition, food processing, and food safety benefit from microfluidic technique because experiments can be done with less reagents.
7210:"The extraction of intracrystalline biomarkers and other organic compounds from sulphate minerals using a microfluidic format â a feasibility study for remote fossil-life detection using a microfluidic H-cell"
6916:
van
Dinther AM, Schroën CG, Vergeldt FJ, van der Sman RG, Boom RM (May 2012). "Suspension flow in microfluidic devices--a review of experimental techniques focussing on concentration and velocity gradients".
9754:
1088:, which can be a method to capture more biological information in a single analysis. For example, it can be used to test the cell survival rate of 40 different drugs or drug combinations. Tumorâderived
830:), the Photonics Lab on a Chip (PhLOC) is becoming an increasingly popular tool for the analysis of actinides and nitrates in spent nuclear waste. The PhLOC is based on the simultaneous application of
6378:
Kim JY, Cho SW, Kang DK, Edel JB, Chang SI, deMello AJ, O'Hare D (September 2012). "Lab-chip HPLC with integrated droplet-based microfluidics for separation and high frequency compartmentalisation".
394:
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Grosselin K, Durand A, Marsolier J, Poitou A, Marangoni E, Nemati F, et al. (June 2019). "High-throughput single-cell ChIP-seq identifies heterogeneity of chromatin states in breast cancer".
1039:
patients is essential for determining post-surgery treatment. A simple microfluidic chamber, coated with a carefully formulated extracellular matrix mixture is used for cells obtained from tumor
2671:
Chokkalingam V, Tel J, Wimmers F, Liu X, Semenov S, Thiele J, et al. (December 2013). "Probing cellular heterogeneity in cytokine-secreting immune cells using droplet-based microfluidics".
733:, by generating a spatial mosaic of patches of opportunity distributed in space and time. The patchy nature of these fluidic landscapes allows for the study of adapting bacterial cells in a
256:
7080:
Stockton AM, Tjin CC, Chiesl TN, Mathies RA (July 2011). "Analysis of carbonaceous biomarkers with the Mars
Organic Analyzer microchip capillary electrophoresis system: carboxylic acids".
130:, energy dissipation, and fluidic resistance start to dominate the system. Microfluidics studies how these behaviours change, and how they can be worked around, or exploited for new uses.
6699:
Polat AN, Kraiczek K, Heck AJ, Raijmakers R, Mohammed S (November 2012). "Fully automated isotopic dimethyl labeling and phosphopeptide enrichment using a microfluidic HPLC phosphochip".
6577:
Hardouin J, Duchateau M, Joubert-Caron R, Caron M (2006). "Usefulness of an integrated microfluidic device (HPLC-Chip-MS) to enhance confidence in protein identification by proteomics".
281:
Alternatives to the above closed-channel continuous-flow systems include novel open structures, where discrete, independently controllable droplets are manipulated on a substrate using
6448:
Gerhardt RF, Peretzki AJ, Piendl SK, Belder D (December 2017). "Seamless
Combination of High-Pressure Chip-HPLC and Droplet Microfluidics on an Integrated Microfluidic Glass Chip".
8940:
4263:
Xia N, Hunt TP, Mayers BT, Alsberg E, Whitesides GM, Westervelt RM, Ingber DE (December 2006). "Combined microfluidic-micromagnetic separation of living cells in continuous flow".
1147:), and are essential for multiple anti-cancer drugs and toxicity tests. This strategy can be improved by increasing the throughput and production of spheroids. For example, one
6413:
Ochoa A, Ălvarez-BohĂłrquez E, Castillero E, Olguin LF (May 2017). "Detection of Enzyme
Inhibitors in Crude Natural Extracts Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics Coupled to HPLC".
6325:"Photonic Lab-on-a-Chip analytical systems for nuclear applications: optical performance and UVâVisâIR material characterization after chemical exposure and gamma irradiation"
2340:
Bouaidat S, Hansen O, Bruus H, Berendsen C, Bau-Madsen NK, Thomsen P, et al. (August 2005). "Surface-directed capillary system; theory, experiments and applications".
915:
can use laminar flow to separate the fuel and its oxidant to control the interaction of the two fluids without the physical barrier that conventional fuel cells require.
174:
section being in the order of 10 ÎŒm x 10 ÎŒm. Each of these methods has its own associated techniques to maintain robust fluid flow which have matured over several years.
6807:
7573:
Harmon JB, Gray HK, Young CC, Schwab KJ (2020) Microfluidic droplet application for bacterial surveillance in fresh-cut produce wash waters. PLoS ONE 15(6): e0233239.
956:. These analyses coupled together could allow powerful detection of the key components of life, and hopefully inform our search for functioning extraterrestrial life.
8154:"An integrated double-filtration microfluidic device for isolation, enrichment and quantification of urinary extracellular vesicles for detection of bladder cancer"
7701:"Determination of norfloxacin residues in foods by exploiting the coffee-ring effect and paper-based microfluidics device coupling with smartphone-based detection"
6952:
Mora MF, Greer F, Stockton AM, Bryant S, Willis PA (November 2011). "Toward total automation of microfluidics for extraterrestial [sic] in situ analysis".
6507:
Vollmer M, Hörth P, Rozing G, Couté Y, Grimm R, Hochstrasser D, Sanchez JC (March 2006). "Multi-dimensional HPLC/MS of the nucleolar proteome using HPLC-chip/MS".
6105:
Mattio, Elodie; Caleyron, Audrey; Miguirditchian, Manuel; Lines, Amanda M.; Bryan, Samuel A.; Lackey, Hope E.; Rodriguez-Ruiz, Isaac; Lamadie, Fabrice (May 2022).
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and the ability to evolve / develop resistance to antibiotics in small populations of microorganisms and in a short period of time. These microorganisms including
3853:"A flow focusing microfluidic device with an integrated Coulter particle counter for production, counting and size characterization of monodisperse microbubbles"
3341:
827:
823:
6173:"Spectroscopic monitoring of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing streams: an evaluation of spent fuel solutions via Raman, visible, and near-infrared spectroscopy"
182:
The behavior of fluids and their control in open microchannels was pioneered around 2005 and applied in air-to-liquid sample collection and chromatography. In
5236:
Yetisen AK, Jiang L, Cooper JR, Qin Y, Palanivelu R, Zohar Y (May 2011). "A microsystem-based assay for studying pollen tube guidance in plant reproduction".
1599:
Chokkalingam V, Weidenhof B, KrÀmer M, Maier WF, Herminghaus S, Seemann R (July 2010). "Optimized droplet-based microfluidics scheme for sol-gel reactions".
6033:
Nelson, Gilbert L.; Lackey, Hope E.; Bello, Job M.; Felmy, Heather M.; Bryan, Hannah B.; Lamadie, Fabrice; Bryan, Samuel A.; Lines, Amanda M. (2021-01-26).
1155:
produces 500 spheroids per chip. These spheroids can be cultured longer in different surroundings to analyze and monitor. The other advanced technology is
500:. Additionally, microfluidic manufacturing advances mean that makers can produce the devices in low-cost plastics and automatically verify part quality.
1963:
Kaigala GV, Lovchik RD, Delamarche E (November 2012). "Microfluidics in the "open space" for performing localized chemistry on biological interfaces".
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428:
active substances towards it, effectively separating the magnetic and non-magnetic components of the fluid. This technique can be readily utilized in
8781:
1092:
can be isolated from urine and detected by an integrated doubleâfiltration microfluidic device; they also can be isolated from blood and detected by
576:
Cellular aging: microfluidic devices such as the "mother machine" allow tracking of thousands of individual cells for many generations until they die
810:
Microfluidic flow enables fast sample throughput, automated imaging of large sample populations, as well as 3D capabilities. or superresolution.
359:
falls below the reliably detectable limit, set mostly by the size of the pore in which the analyte passes and the input noise of the first-stage
35:(10 to 10 liters) using small channels with sizes ten to hundreds micrometres. It is a multidisciplinary field that involves molecular analysis,
702:, cell separation, in particular, blood cell separation, protein analysis, cell manipulation and analysis including cell viability analysis and
5993:"Combination of optical spectroscopy and chemometric techniquesâa possible way for on-line monitoring of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing"
5304:
Bontoux N, Dauphinot L, Potier MC (2009). "Elaborating Lab-on-a-Chips for Single-cell
Transcriptome Analysis". In Herold KE, Rasooly A (eds.).
448:. Therefore, before packaging, milk can be flowed through channels with magnetic gradients as a means of purifying out the metal contaminants.
83:
Typically microfluidic systems transport, mix, separate, or otherwise process fluids. Various applications rely on passive fluid control using
5498:
Seymour JR, SimĂł R, Ahmed T, Stocker R (July 2010). "Chemoattraction to dimethylsulfoniopropionate throughout the marine microbial food web".
190:, and thread-based microfluidics. Disadvantages to open systems include susceptibility to evaporation, contamination, and limited flow rate.
9306:
634:, which is a piece of glass, plastic or silicon substrate, on which pieces of DNA (probes) are affixed in a microscopic array. Similar to a
7364:"Enhancement of the stability of chlorophyll using chlorophyll-encapsulated polycaprolactone microparticles based on droplet microfluidics"
4786:
Jing G, Polaczyk A, Oerther DB, Papautsky I (2007). "Development of a microfluidic biosensor for detection of environmental mycobacteria".
3203:
Shemesh J, Bransky A, Khoury M, Levenberg S (October 2010). "Advanced microfluidic droplet manipulation based on piezoelectric actuation".
819:
7167:
Mora MF, Stockton AM, Willis PA (2015). "Analysis of thiols by microchip capillary electrophoresis for in situ planetary investigations".
4639:
Cheng JJ, Nicaise SM, Berggren KK, GradeÄak S (January 2016). "Dimensional
Tailoring of Hydrothermally Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays".
3684:
Uram JD, Ke K, Hunt AJ, Mayer M (March 2006). "Label-free affinity assays by rapid detection of immune complexes in submicrometer pores".
9749:
8949:
3026:
585:
Force measurements of adherent cells or confined chromosomes: objects trapped in a microfluidic device can be directly manipulated using
5844:
Ferraro P, Miccio L, Grilli S, Finizio A, De Nicola S, Vespini V (2008). "Manipulating Thin Liquid Films for Tunable Microlens Arrays".
4930:
Yliperttula M, Chung BG, Navaladi A, Manbachi A, Urtti A (October 2008). "High-throughput screening of cell responses to biomaterials".
2913:
Xi HD, Zheng H, Guo W, Gañån-Calvo AM, Ai Y, Tsao CW, et al. (February 2017). "Active droplet sorting in microfluidics: a review".
8534:"Micromachining of capillary electrophoresis injectors and separators on glass chips and evaluation of flow at capillary intersections"
553:. In addition, microfluidics-based devices, capable of continuous sampling and real-time testing of air/water samples for biochemical
9153:
7477:"Microfluidic investigation of the coalescence susceptibility of pea protein-stabilised emulsions: Effect of protein oxidation level"
2645:"Data associated with 'Combined flow-focus and self-assembly routes for the formation of lipid stabilized oil-shelled microbubbles'"
451:
Other, more research-oriented applications of microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis are numerous and are generally targeted towards
235:
Process monitoring capabilities in continuous-flow systems can be achieved with highly sensitive microfluidic flow sensors based on
420:. This can be accomplished by sending a fluid containing at least one magnetic component through a microfluidic channel that has a
371:-based production of microfluidic devices, or more likely the production of reusable molds for making microfluidic devices using a
7852:"Potential clinical significance of plasma-based KRAS mutation analysis using the COLD-PCR/TaqMan(Âź) -MGB probe genotyping method"
355:(RPS); Coulter counting is a trademark term. However, the RPS method does not work well for particles below 1 ÎŒm diameter, as the
9378:
149:) can become very low. A key consequence is co-flowing fluids do not necessarily mix in the traditional sense, as flow becomes
6743:
851:
Expansion of the PhLOC to miniaturize research of the full nuclear fuel cycle is currently being evaluated, with steps of the
9791:
9087:
9064:
9045:
9026:
9007:
6814:
5937:
5338:
5313:
5288:
4719:
4691:
2435:
2383:
Kachel S, Zhou Y, Scharfer P, VranÄiÄ C, Petrich W, Schabel W (February 2014). "Evaporation from open microchannel grooves".
2191:
TruckenmĂŒller R, Rummler Z, Schaller T, Schomburg WK (2002-06-13). "Low-cost thermoforming of micro fluidic analysis chips".
1583:
4163:
Alnaimat F, Dagher S, Mathew B, Hilal-Alnqbi A, Khashan S (November 2018). "Microfluidics Based Magnetophoresis: A Review".
4112:
Dibaji S, Rezai P (2020-06-01). "Triplex Inertia-Magneto-Elastic (TIME) sorting of microparticles in non-Newtonian fluids".
2524:
2470:
Konda A, Morin SA (June 2017). "Flow-directed synthesis of spatially variant arrays of branched zinc oxide mesostructures".
1031:, to enhance detection of the mutative gene ratio. In addition, accurate prediction of postoperative disease progression in
1321:
835:
9383:
7524:
Zhang, Jia; Xu, Wenhua; Xu, Fengying; Lu, Wangwang; Hu, Liuyun; Zhou, Jianlin; Zhang, Chen; Jiang, Zhuo (February 2021).
7362:
Hsiao, Ching-Ju; Lin, Jui-Fen; Wen, Hsin-Yi; Lin, Yu-Mei; Yang, Chih-Hui; Huang, Keng-Shiang; Shaw, Jei-Fu (2020-02-15).
3902:"AC-dielectrophoretic characterization and separation of submicron and micron particles using sidewall AgPDMS electrodes"
389:
3279:
Liu M, Suo S, Wu J, Gan Y, Ah Hanaor D, Chen CQ (March 2019). "Tailoring porous media for controllable capillary flow".
2418:
Ogawa M, Higashi K, Miki N (August 2015). "Development of hydrogel microtubes for microbe culture in open environment".
455:
separation. The general way this is accomplished involves several steps. First, a paramagnetic substance (usually micro/
9476:
9311:
8978:
7901:"Live-cell phenotypic-biomarker microfluidic assay for the risk stratification of cancer patients via machine learning"
2037:
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positioned along the length of the channel. This creates a magnetic field inside the microfluidic channel which draws
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4883:"Microcirculation within grooved substrates regulates cell positioning and cell docking inside microfluidic channels"
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unique to the cell type of interest and subsequently functionalizing magnetic particles with the complementary
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382:
As a result, there has been some university-based development of microfluidic particle counting and sizing
343:
first described in Coulter's original patent. This is the method used to e.g. size and count erythrocytes (
126:
The behaviour of fluids at the microscale can differ from "macrofluidic" behaviour in that factors such as
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Confining cells and exerting controlled forces by coupling with external force-generation methods such as
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43:. It has practical applications in the design of systems that process low volumes of fluids to achieve
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High frame rate video showing microbubble pinch-off formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device
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807:. Examples of optofluidic devices are tunable microlens arrays and optofluidic microscopes.
722:, a nano/micro fabricated fluidic landscape can be constructed by building local patches of
646:, are deposited on a chip surface; they are used to determine the presence and/or amount of
9524:
9509:
9434:
8901:
8892:
8852:
8819:
8723:
8671:
8626:
8445:
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5741:
5682:
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3159:
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2812:
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1437:
1378:
1191:
1103:
Tumor materials can directly be used for detection through microfluidic devices. To screen
866:
840:
746:
738:
601:
220:
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Silicone rubber and glass microfluidic devices. Top: a photograph of the devices. Bottom:
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3587:
3529:
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3302:
3163:
2996:
2816:
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2204:
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5015:
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4621:
4581:
4556:
4537:
4424:
4372:
4345:
4288:
4240:
4207:
4188:
4145:
4086:
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4061:
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1860:
1694:
1568:
1453:
1410:
831:
818:
Due to the increase in safety concerns and operating costs of common analytic methods (
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579:
Microenvironmental control: ranging from mechanical environment to chemical environment
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9041:
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8134:
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7881:
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7673:
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7510:
7498:
7458:
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7403:
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7348:
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1733:
1655:
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1394:
1278:
1231:
715:
534:, and in chemical synthesis. The basic idea of microfluidic biochips is to integrate
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372:
285:. Following the analogy of digital microelectronics, this approach is referred to as
36:
8992:
8931:
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1698:
1457:
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based on the capacity of cells to pass small constrictions can sort the cell types,
9663:
9658:
9429:
9301:
8919:
8868:
8860:
8827:
8772:
8752:
8731:
8699:
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8634:
8589:
8545:
8533:
8498:
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8453:
8401:
8393:
8352:
8344:
8295:
8287:
8268:"Microfluidic cytometric analysis of cancer cell transportability and invasiveness"
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8230:
8181:
8173:
8124:
8116:
8067:
8059:
8018:
8010:
7969:
7961:
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7871:
7863:
7822:
7814:
7775:
7712:
7661:
7657:
7606:
7602:
7541:
7537:
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7488:
7430:
7379:
7375:
7328:
7281:
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7097:
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6422:
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6344:
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4902:
4894:
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2922:
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2830:
2769:
2738:
2680:
2648:
2588:
2555:
2544:"Columba 2.0: A Co-Layout Synthesis Tool for Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Biochips"
2479:
2453:
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2392:
2349:
2312:
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2114:
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2011:
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1932:
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1725:
1686:
1647:
1608:
1445:
1386:
1326:
586:
468:
464:
348:
141:) some interesting and sometimes unintuitive properties appear. In particular, the
40:
19:
7646:"Microfluidic colorimetric analysis system for sodium benzoate detection in foods"
7493:
7476:
5068:"Physical manipulation of the Escherichia coli chromosome reveals its soft nature"
3572:"Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel"
3380:
9678:
9668:
9653:
9589:
9178:
9162:
8939:
Tseng TM, Li M, Freitas DN, Mongersun A, Araci IE, Ho TY, Schlichtmann U (2018).
8234:
7417:
He, Shan; Joseph, Nikita; Feng, Shilun; Jellicoe, Matt; Raston, Colin L. (2020).
6461:
6426:
6293:
6050:
4660:
2882:
2865:
2528:
2015:
1690:
1508:
1235:
1175:
1156:
1152:
1136:
1085:
1036:
764:
683:
597:
344:
335:
290:
142:
127:
84:
7176:
5414:
2644:
964:
Microfluidic techniques such as droplet microfluidics, paper microfluidics, and
9835:
9673:
9576:
9519:
9316:
9285:
9234:
9183:
8808:
Angell JB, Terry SC, Barth PW (April 1983). "Silicon Micromechanical Devices".
8457:
8348:
7818:
7574:
7316:
6348:
6235:
5929:
5734:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5665:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5360:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5131:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5072:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4943:
4824:
Wang P, Robert L, Pelletier J, Dang WL, Taddei F, Wright A, Jun S (June 2010).
4231:
4133:
3974:
3576:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3422:"Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays"
3310:
3004:
2746:
2592:
2089:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1999:
1674:
1264:
1223:
1144:
1069:
776:
734:
635:
627:
497:
467:
to target the cell type of interest. This can be accomplished by identifying a
452:
417:
295:
282:
154:
112:
8923:
8735:
8502:
8325:"A microfluidics platform for combinatorial drug screening on cancer biopsies"
7916:
7779:
7332:
7233:
6930:
6712:
6669:
6130:
4982:
4849:
4807:
4617:
4276:
3777:
3494:
3255:
3216:
3093:
Zhang Y, Nguyen NT (March 2017). "Magnetic digital microfluidics â a review".
2582:
2559:
2427:
2259:
1230:
in just a few seconds, achieving high separation efficiencies with up to 6800
9851:
9648:
9594:
9558:
8557:
8152:
Liang LG, Kong MQ, Zhou S, Sheng YF, Wang P, Yu T, et al. (April 2017).
7724:
7669:
7614:
7549:
7502:
7442:
7387:
7340:
7293:
7241:
7058:
6356:
6324:
6301:
6243:
6196:
6138:
6058:
5857:
5787:
Grilli S, Miccio L, Vespini V, Finizio A, De Nicola S, Ferraro P (May 2008).
5198:
4753:
4471:
4420:
4141:
3596:
3071:
2548:
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
2220:
1635:
1398:
1366:
1311:
1202:
to select the personalized anti-cancer drugs and prevent the cancer relapse.
1187:
1120:
1108:
1054:
1032:
965:
703:
687:
659:
639:
546:
445:
385:
60:
9755:
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer
8120:
7716:
5754:
5695:
5519:
5380:
5161:
5092:
2834:
2109:
1449:
1171:... to analyze the relationship between drugs and human organ surroundings.
682:
In addition to microarrays, biochips have been designed for two-dimensional
9638:
9599:
9531:
9388:
8882:
8764:
8691:
8646:
8601:
8510:
8475:
8415:
8366:
8309:
8266:
Liu Z, Lee Y, Jang JH, Li Y, Han X, Yokoi K, et al. (September 2015).
8252:
8195:
8138:
8081:
8063:
8032:
7983:
7965:
7934:
7885:
7836:
7732:
7677:
7622:
7450:
7395:
7301:
7194:
7145:
7137:
7109:
7009:
6973:
6938:
6894:
6886:
6852:
6720:
6677:
6641:
6606:
6563:
6528:
6520:
6469:
6434:
6399:
6309:
6251:
6188:
6146:
6074:
6008:
5906:
5822:
5773:
5714:
5658:
5637:
5584:
5527:
5484:
5441:
5399:
5222:
5180:
5111:
5049:
5000:
4951:
4916:
4867:
4772:
4668:
4590:
4533:
4490:
4381:
4330:
4284:
4249:
4184:
4095:
4038:
4020:
3992:
3935:
3886:
3837:
3793:
3715:
3697:
3662:
3455:
3437:
3398:
3318:
3224:
3189:
3171:
3124:
3012:
2969:
2934:
2891:
2842:
2781:
2692:
2491:
2445:
2404:
2361:
2326:
2277:
2177:
2128:
2058:
2023:
1984:
1976:
1944:
1936:
1856:
1847:
1830:
1815:
1776:
1737:
1659:
1620:
1406:
1341:
1239:
1160:
1104:
1097:
1093:
924:
804:
719:
456:
339:
150:
44:
8617:
Whitesides GM (July 2006). "The origins and the future of microfluidics".
7101:
5197:
Choi JW, Rosset S, Niklaus M, Adleman JR, Shea H, Psaltis D (March 2010).
4176:
3615:
2244:"Hot embossing for fabrication of a microfluidic 3D cell culture platform"
1892:
1210:
One significant advancement in the field is the development of integrated
741:
of these bacterial systems in these synthetic ecosystems allows for using
9611:
9543:
7867:
5813:
5788:
4737:"Microfluidics-Based Approaches to the Isolation of African Trypanosomes"
4557:"Manufacturing and wetting low-cost microfluidic cell separation devices"
3729:
Saleh O, Sohn LL (2003). "An artificial nanopore for molecular sensing".
3706:
2760:
Teh SY, Lin R, Hung LH, Lee AP (February 2008). "Droplet microfluidics".
1219:
1205:
1140:
923:
To understand the prospects for life to exist elsewhere in the universe,
671:
593:
562:
512:
368:
204:
199:
138:
8638:
8549:
8014:
7418:
5566:
5476:
5014:
Chung BG, Manbachi A, Saadi W, Lin F, Jeon NL, Khademhosseini A (2007).
4525:
4029:
3785:
3115:
1482:
1390:
1043:
after 72 hours of growth and a thorough evaluation of cells by imaging.
932:
and selective fluorescent dyes. These devices are capable of detecting
9696:
9643:
9633:
9628:
9331:
9252:
8756:
8593:
7434:
7285:
7269:
6391:
6276:
RodrĂguez-Ruiz, Isaac; Lamadie, Fabrice; Charton, Sophie (2018-02-20).
5888:
5468:
5433:
5412:
4412:
4396:
4362:
3868:
3631:"DNA molecules and configurations in a solid-state nanopore microscope"
3106:
2926:
2803:
Prakash M, Gershenfeld N (February 2007). "Microfluidic bubble logic".
2684:
2483:
2396:
2159:
2050:
1474:
Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic Devices
1336:
1227:
1215:
1139:
can be used to analyze spheroids for different cancer systems (such as
1112:
941:
933:
912:
894:
886:
768:
742:
643:
631:
531:
527:
460:
145:(which compares the effect of the momentum of a fluid to the effect of
134:
115:
96:
8864:
8841:"Liposome production by microfluidics: potential and limiting factors"
8291:
8177:
7001:
6965:
6915:
6633:
6555:
6412:
6066:
5974:
4572:
4463:
4206:
Unni M, Zhang J, George TJ, Segal MS, Fan ZH, Rinaldi C (March 2020).
4077:
3917:
3829:
3750:
3629:
Li J, Gershow M, Stein D, Brandin E, Golovchenko JA (September 2003).
3537:
3389:
3063:
2742:
2308:
2142:
Guckenberger DJ, de Groot TE, Wan AM, Beebe DJ, Young EW (June 2015).
694:
amplification. Other applications include various electrophoresis and
227:
9623:
9439:
8397:
6598:
5214:
4898:
4322:
2961:
2773:
2543:
2353:
2190:
1807:
1768:
1729:
1651:
1612:
1331:
1199:
995:
783:
723:
558:
425:
376:
360:
216:
158:
146:
92:
9021:. Richland, Washington, USA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
7699:
Trofimchuk, Evan; Nilghaz, Azadeh; Sun, Selina; Lu, Xiaonan (2020).
7315:
Verma, Kiran; Tarafdar, Ayon; Badgujar, Prarabdh C. (January 2021).
7208:
Bowden SA, Wilson R, Taylor C, Cooper JM, Parnell J (January 2007).
6865:
6483:
Killeen K, Yin H, Sobek D, Brennen R, Van de Goor T (October 2003).
5354:
Keymer JE, Galajda P, Muldoon C, Park S, Austin RH (November 2006).
3949:
Gnyawali V, Strohm EM, Wang JZ, Tsai SS, Kolios MC (February 2019).
3654:
2000:"Capillary Coatings: Flow and Drying Dynamics in Open Microchannels"
1751:
Frisk T, Rönnholm D, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G (December 2006).
1750:
1135:, to help to test anticancer drugs. Microfluidic devices with 2D or
198:
Continuous flow microfluidics rely on the control of a steady state
9485:
9321:
9244:
8434:"Multiscale cytometry and regulation of 3D cell cultures on a chip"
7850:
Liu P, Liang H, Xue L, Yang C, Liu Y, Zhou K, Jiang X (July 2012).
6576:
5990:
3293:
1998:
Lade, R. K.; Jochem, K. S.; Macosko, C. W.; Francis, L. F. (2018).
1296:
1258:
1195:
1084:
are isolated from blood by a microfluidic device, and are cultured
1012:
945:
772:
663:
550:
476:
351:) for standard blood analysis. The generic term for this method is
208:
56:
9131:
5677:
5612:
5143:
5125:
Amir A, Babaeipour F, McIntosh DB, Nelson DR, Jun S (April 2014).
1789:
1272:
994:
A patient's drug response can be predicted based on the status of
985:
786:
by facilitating the creation of durotactic (stiffness) gradients.
779:, responsible for regulating much of the oceans' biogeochemistry.
618:
Some of these areas are further elaborated in the sections below:
239:
technology, which offers resolutions down to the nanoliter range.
9584:
8048:"Isolation of rare cells from cell mixtures by dielectrophoresis"
6104:
5728:
Sokolov A, Apodaca MM, Grzybowski BA, Aranson IS (January 2010).
3814:
3570:
Kasianowicz JJ, Brandin E, Branton D, Deamer DW (November 1996).
3145:
2290:
1183:
937:
726:
647:
508:
472:
8661:
6322:
5127:"Bending forces plastically deform growing bacterial cell walls"
5031:
4929:
4728:
4395:
Gao QH, Zhang WM, Zou HX, Li WB, Yan H, Peng ZK, Meng G (2019).
4162:
3146:
Shilton RJ, Travagliati M, Beltram F, Cecchini M (August 2014).
2652:
2082:
1598:
859:
767:
gradients makes microfluidics the ideal tool to study motility,
107:
9272:
9226:
8839:
Carugo D, Bottaro E, Owen J, Stride E, Nastruzzi C (May 2016).
7270:"Microfluidics for food, agriculture and biosystems industries"
5727:
3569:
3419:
1168:
1040:
1028:
949:
890:
554:
421:
52:
32:
8488:
7267:
7023:
Kaiser RI, Stockton AM, Kim YS, Jensen EC, Mathies RA (2013).
6793:
5871:
PĂ©gard NC, Toth ML, Driscoll M, Fleischer JW (December 2014).
5331:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis
5306:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis
5281:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis
4880:
4712:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis
4304:
4302:
2716:
63:
technology, micro-propulsion, and micro-thermal technologies.
9409:
8322:
8046:
Gascoyne PR, Noshari J, Anderson TJ, Becker FF (April 2009).
8045:
5329:
Cady NC (2009). "Microchip-based PCR Amplification Systems".
5065:
4965:
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3202:
1916:
Pfohl T, Mugele F, Seemann R, Herminghaus S (December 2003).
1915:
953:
852:
651:
535:
515:
441:
433:
6447:
6275:
5124:
5016:"A gradient-generating microfluidic device for cell biology"
4785:
4638:
3851:
Rickel JM, Dixon AJ, Klibanov AL, Hossack JA (August 2018).
2339:
2141:
1711:
119:
9454:
9419:
7898:
7419:"Application of microfluidic technology in food processing"
7025:"On the Formation of Dipeptides in Interstellar Model Ices"
6986:
6698:
6170:
5870:
4964:
4299:
1672:
1226:
techniques. This setup allowed for the rapid separation of
1024:
1003:
803:
The merger of microfluidics and optics is typical known as
437:
436:
can find their way into certain consumable liquids, namely
375:
process, is limited to sizes much smaller than traditional
299:
212:
8432:
Sart S, Tomasi RF, Amselem G, Baroud CN (September 2017).
7474:
5843:
5786:
5549:
Galajda P, Keymer J, Chaikin P, Austin R (December 2007).
5548:
3850:
3420:
Martinez AW, Phillips ST, Butte MJ, Whitesides GM (2007).
1705:
8208:
7947:
7756:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7122:
7079:
5597:
4734:
4005:
2670:
2382:
1673:
Thomas DJ, McCall C, Tehrani Z, Claypole TC (June 2017).
699:
655:
519:
503:
Advances in microfluidics technology are revolutionizing
157:; molecular transport between them must often be through
8379:
7207:
5356:"Bacterial metapopulations in nanofabricated landscapes"
5353:
5196:
4603:
4554:
2866:"Particle Manipulation Methods in Droplet Microfluidics"
2864:
Tenje M, Fornell A, Ohlin M, Nilsson J (February 2018).
2863:
2712:
2710:
2507:
Electrokinetically Driven Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
1997:
1962:
1828:
1633:
1182:, which operates by combining dropletâbased single cell
406:
9000:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Fabrication and Microfluidics
8938:
8889:
8838:
8431:
7800:
7022:
6951:
6790:"Fuel Cell Initiative at MnIT Microfluidics Laboratory"
6506:
5497:
4823:
4684:
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Fabrication and Microfluidics
4309:
Pamme N (January 2006). "Magnetism and microfluidics".
1792:"An integrated QCM-based narcotics sensing microsystem"
1164:
1076:
can also be detected by using the acidification of the
763:
The ability to create precise and carefully controlled
7698:
7588:
7256:
6482:
6032:
5303:
3948:
3245:
1882:
1502:
1206:
Advancements in Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) Systems
775:
and the broad range of organisms that form the marine
168:
66:
Typically, micro means one of the following features:
31:
refers to a system that manipulates a small amount of
8709:"Microfluidics: Fluid physics at the nanoliter scale"
7584:
7582:
7314:
6541:
6217:
5235:
5013:
3628:
2912:
2707:
2541:
1627:
8094:
7470:
7468:
7416:
4344:
Song K, Li G, Zu X, Du Z, Liu L, Hu Z (March 2020).
4262:
4205:
4107:
4105:
2947:
2242:
Jeon JS, Chung S, Kamm RD, Charest JL (April 2011).
2241:
1712:
Melin J, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G (June 2005).
1634:
Shestopalov I, Tice JD, Ismagilov RF (August 2004).
1254:
7996:
6792:. Michigan Technological University. Archived from
5454:
4555:Pawell RS, Inglis DW, Barber TJ, Taylor RA (2013).
4059:
3196:
328:
9075:
8532:Fan, Zhonghui H.; Harrison, D. Jed. (1994-01-01).
8151:
7579:
7166:
6830:
5551:"A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria"
3550:
2802:
2465:
2463:
1783:
1567:
877:
813:
782:Microfluidics has also greatly aided the study of
7465:
6767:"Building a Better Fuel Cell Using Microfluidics"
6619:
6496:. Squaw Valley, Callfornla USA. pp. 481â484.
5952:
4102:
3899:
2982:
2717:Chokkalingam V, Herminghaus S, Seemann R (2008).
1744:
1427:
102:
9849:
9057:Microfluidic devices for biomedical applications
9035:
8807:
8579:
6654:
6329:Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
4548:
4441:
3250:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 229â256.
2417:
1883:Berthier J, Brakke KA, Berthier E (2016-08-01).
1822:
193:
8782:"Microfluidics and the future of drug research"
8742:
7849:
6486:Chip-LC/MS: HPLC-MS using polymer microfluidics
5919:
5061:
5059:
4819:
4817:
3683:
3339:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2584:MEMS flow sensors for nano-fluidic applications
2460:
1176:chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP)âSequencing
986:Microfluidics for personalized cancer treatment
670:has been described as a means for carrying out
9307:Radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems
7361:
6377:
4497:
4487:Fundamentals and Applications of Microfluidics
3366:
2193:Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering
242:
9470:
9147:
8997:
7643:
7169:Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis Protocols
6692:
6648:
6613:
6570:
6535:
6500:
6441:
6406:
6371:
4484:
4394:
2759:
2036:
1918:"Trends in microfluidics with complex fluids"
1367:"The origins and the future of microfluidics"
860:High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
541:An emerging application area for biochips is
219:, or by combinations of capillary forces and
8706:
8265:
7997:Warburg O, Wind F, Negelein E (March 1927).
7575:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233239
5118:
5056:
4814:
4060:Munaz A, Shiddiky MJ, Nguyen NT (May 2018).
2659:
1592:
1131:Microfluidics devices also can simulate the
1080:and the difference in membrane capacitance.
662:is that they are neither reconfigurable nor
573:General single cell studies including growth
313:
133:At small scales (channel size of around 100
9750:Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
8531:
7569:
7567:
7523:
5730:"Swimming bacteria power microscopic gears"
4932:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
4114:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
4111:
3515:
3278:
3092:
626:Early biochips were based on the idea of a
9818:
9477:
9463:
9154:
9140:
8616:
5278:
4705:
4703:
4343:
3246:Berthier J, Brakke KA, Berthier E (2016).
2469:
1540:
1503:Karniadakis GM, Beskok A, Aluru N (2005).
1496:
1364:
621:
507:procedures for enzymatic analysis (e.g.,
9322:Biological microelectromechanical systems
8913:
8872:
8465:
8405:
8356:
8299:
8242:
8185:
8128:
8071:
8022:
7973:
7924:
7875:
7826:
7492:
7048:
6919:Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
6579:Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
5896:
5812:
5763:
5753:
5704:
5694:
5676:
5611:
5574:
5389:
5379:
5170:
5160:
5142:
5101:
5091:
5039:
4990:
4906:
4857:
4762:
4752:
4580:
4371:
4361:
4239:
4085:
4028:
3982:
3925:
3876:
3763:
3728:
3705:
3605:
3595:
3445:
3388:
3292:
3179:
3114:
3052:Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
3039:NSF Award Search: Advanced Search Results
2881:
2824:
2642:
2316:
2267:
2167:
2118:
2108:
1846:
1059:epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)
600:, or controlled deformation of the PDMS (
487:in both current and future applications.
9073:
7564:
6764:
5297:
4212:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
3468:
3281:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
2504:
1565:
610:Plant on a chip and plant tissue culture
490:
270:
252:
226:
106:
18:
6833:Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
6271:
6269:
6166:
6164:
4700:
4675:
4503:
1559:
709:
9850:
9054:
8786:Journal of Undergraduate Life Sciences
8427:
8425:
7999:"The Metabolism of Tumors in the Body"
7752:
7750:
6845:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.4.112601.125916
6701:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
6658:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
6100:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6028:
6026:
5986:
5984:
5322:
4709:
4681:
4478:
4009:ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
3900:Lewpiriyawong N, Yang C (March 2012).
3766:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
3272:
3049:
2636:
2422:. Vol. 2015. pp. 5896â5899.
789:
9792:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
9458:
9135:
9016:
8968:
7856:Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
7214:International Journal of Astrobiology
5192:
5190:
4308:
2498:
2078:
2076:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1545:. Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp.
1521:
1470:
1430:IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
407:Microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis
177:
8779:
6744:"Water Management in PEM Fuel Cells"
6741:
6266:
6161:
5328:
3343:Complex Fluid-Flows in Microfluidics
1515:
1464:
1322:Microfluidic modulation spectroscopy
1190:antibodies, possibly to explore the
980:
677:
9161:
8422:
7747:
6089:
6023:
5981:
5272:
4826:"Robust growth of Escherichia coli"
4710:Herold KE (2009). Rasooly A (ed.).
4682:Herold KE (2009). Rasooly A (ed.).
3462:
3413:
3239:
1365:Whitesides, George M. (July 2006).
1124:predict drug sensitivities of rare
1046:Microfluidics is also suitable for
630:, e.g., the GeneChip DNAarray from
169:Various kinds of microfluidic flows
13:
9312:Microoptoelectromechanical systems
8567:
6808:"NASA Astrobiology Strategy, 2015"
5873:"Flow-scanning optical tomography"
5187:
3333:
2753:
2580:
2073:
1951:
1871:
1057:analysis. Beads conjugate to antiâ
416:: the migration of particles by a
207:is implemented either by external
14:
9889:
8832:10.1038/scientificamerican0483-44
8003:The Journal of General Physiology
7760:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
6787:
6748:Stanford Microfluidics Laboratory
5922:Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging
5020:Journal of Visualized Experiments
4788:Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
3340:Galindo-Rosales FJ (2017-05-26).
1174:A recent strategy is single-cell
1023:method can be used to detect the
589:or other force-generating methods
9830:
9829:
9817:
9105:
9036:Jenkins G, Mansfield CD (2012).
8572:
8525:
8482:
8373:
8316:
8259:
8202:
8145:
8088:
8039:
7990:
7941:
7892:
7843:
7794:
7692:
7637:
7517:
7410:
7355:
7308:
7201:
7160:
7116:
7073:
7016:
6980:
6945:
6909:
6859:
6824:
6800:
6781:
6758:
6735:
6476:
6316:
6211:
5946:
5913:
5864:
5837:
5780:
5721:
5652:
5591:
5542:
1271:
1257:
752:
714:By combining microfluidics with
329:Particle detection microfluidics
9770:Chromosome conformation capture
5491:
5448:
5406:
5347:
5229:
5007:
4958:
4923:
4874:
4779:
4632:
4597:
4435:
4388:
4337:
4256:
4199:
4156:
4053:
3999:
3942:
3893:
3844:
3808:
3757:
3722:
3677:
3622:
3563:
3544:
3509:
3469:Park TS, Yoon JY (2015-03-01).
3360:
3139:
3086:
3043:
3032:
3019:
2976:
2941:
2906:
2857:
2796:
2574:
2535:
2517:
2411:
2376:
2333:
2284:
2235:
2184:
2135:
2030:
1991:
1909:
1666:
1096:with a twoâlevel amplification
959:
918:
878:Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE)
814:Photonics Lab on a Chip (PhLOC)
9174:Microelectromechanical systems
8664:Reports on Progress in Physics
7662:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128773
7607:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126396
7542:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110212
7380:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125300
5630:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.048104
4606:Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
1534:
1421:
1358:
1302:Induced-charge electrokinetics
1094:electrochemical sensing method
1048:circulating tumor cells (CTCs)
698:applications for proteins and
310:, mechanical actuation, etc.
103:Microscale behaviour of fluids
70:Small volumes (ÎŒL, nL, pL, fL)
1:
9798:National Institutes of Health
9078:Introduction to Microfluidics
8998:Herold KE, Rasooly A (2009).
8707:Squires TM, Quake SR (2005).
8684:10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/016601
7905:Nature Biomedical Engineering
7494:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105610
6509:Journal of Separation Science
5258:10.1088/0960-1317/21/5/054018
4485:Nguyen NT, Wereley S (2006).
3381:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.009
1570:Introduction to Microfluidics
1352:
900:
650:in biological samples, e.g.,
211:sources, external mechanical
194:Continuous-flow microfluidics
9484:
9098:
8235:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02741
6462:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04331
6427:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04988
6294:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05162
6051:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04225
4661:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04625
2883:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01333
2016:10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00811
1691:10.1097/POC.0000000000000132
1163:mimicking, as well as mimic
561:, can serve as an always-on
118:of a serpentine channel ~15
7:
9714:Structure-based drug design
9055:Li X, Zhou Y, eds. (2013).
8973:. Oxford University Press.
7530:Journal of Food Engineering
7177:10.1007/978-1-4939-2353-3_4
7050:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/111
1543:Principles of Microfluidics
1292:Droplet-based microfluidics
1287:Advanced Simulation Library
1250:
545:, especially the immediate
249:Droplet-based microfluidics
243:Droplet-based microfluidics
10:
9894:
9281:Digital micromirror device
9002:. Caister Academic Press.
8792:(1): 66â69. Archived from
8458:10.1038/s41467-017-00475-x
8349:10.1038/s41467-018-04919-w
7819:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.002
6349:10.1007/s10967-019-06992-x
6236:10.1021/acssensors.9b00736
6157:– via Sage Journals.
5930:10.1364/BIOMED.2012.BM4B.4
5661:"Bacterial ratchet motors"
5333:. Caister Academic Press.
5308:. Caister Academic Press.
5283:. Caister Academic Press.
4944:10.1016/j.ejps.2008.04.012
4714:. Caister Academic Press.
4686:. Caister Academic Press.
4232:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.092
4134:10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166620
3975:10.1038/s41598-018-37771-5
3311:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.068
3005:10.1103/PhysRevE.87.053003
2593:10.1109/MEMSYS.2000.838611
2587:. IEEE. pp. 745â750.
2511:Cambridge University Press
2213:10.1088/0960-1317/12/4/304
1479:Cambridge University Press
1307:Integrated fluidic circuit
1149:droplet-based microfluidic
1117:Dropletâbased microfluidic
904:
756:
607:Electric field integration
390:Excessive citations inline
317:
274:
246:
9813:
9804:Wellcome Sanger Institute
9778:
9727:
9687:
9575:
9492:
9402:
9351:
9344:
9294:
9271:
9243:
9225:
9218:
9192:
9169:
9019:Advances in Microfluidics
8971:Theoretical Microfluidics
8924:10.1109/JSEN.2013.2263797
8736:10.1103/RevModPhys.77.977
8716:Reviews of Modern Physics
8503:10.1038/s41588-019-0424-9
7917:10.1038/s41551-018-0285-z
7780:10.1016/j.snb.2019.127171
7333:10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110269
7234:10.1017/S147355040600351X
7029:The Astrophysical Journal
6931:10.1016/j.cis.2012.02.003
6713:10.1007/s00216-012-6395-7
6670:10.1007/s00216-012-5711-6
6131:10.1177/00037028211063916
5846:Optics and Photonics News
4983:10.1007/s10616-018-0263-z
4850:10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.045
4808:10.1016/j.snb.2006.07.029
4618:10.1007/s10404-014-1464-1
4277:10.1007/s10544-006-0033-0
3778:10.1007/s00216-008-2529-3
3495:10.1109/JSEN.2014.2367039
3256:10.1002/9781118720936.ch7
3217:10.1007/s10544-010-9445-y
2560:10.1109/TCAD.2017.2760628
2428:10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319733
2260:10.1007/s10544-010-9496-0
2085:"Suspended microfluidics"
1524:Theoretical Microfluidics
1347:Paper-based microfluidics
1317:Microfluidic cell culture
1212:capillary electrophoresis
930:capillary electrophoresis
883:Acoustic droplet ejection
798:
759:Microfluidic cell culture
524:polymerase chain reaction
347:) as well as leukocytes (
320:Paper-based microfluidics
314:Paper-based microfluidics
49:high-throughput screening
16:Interdisciplinary science
9760:Microfluidic-based tools
9605:Human Connectome Project
9537:Human Microbiome Project
9415:Shallow trench isolation
9038:Microfluidic Diagnostics
8961:
5858:10.1364/OPN.19.12.000034
4754:10.3390/pathogens6040047
3597:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13770
2505:Chang HC, Yeo L (2009).
1505:Microflows and Nanoflows
745:to address questions in
215:, integrated mechanical
9745:Electrospray ionization
9617:Human Epigenome Project
9200:Interdigital transducer
9059:. Woodhead Publishing.
8121:10.1126/science.1253533
7717:10.1111/1750-3841.15039
7705:Journal of Food Science
6765:Tretkoff E (May 2005).
6380:Chemical Communications
5955:Applied Physics Letters
5755:10.1073/pnas.0913015107
5696:10.1073/pnas.0910426107
5600:Physical Review Letters
5555:Journal of Bacteriology
5520:10.1126/science.1188418
5381:10.1073/pnas.0607971103
5162:10.1073/pnas.1317497111
5093:10.1073/pnas.1208689109
4444:Applied Physics Letters
4265:Biomedical Microdevices
3369:Trends in Biotechnology
3205:Biomedical Microdevices
3027:U.S. Pat. No. 4,569,575
2835:10.1126/science.1136907
2723:Applied Physics Letters
2647:. University of Leeds.
2248:Biomedical Microdevices
2110:10.1073/pnas.1302566110
1576:Oxford University Press
1528:Oxford University Press
1450:10.1109/T-ED.1979.19791
897:and cell-based assays.
889:to move low volumes of
622:DNA chips (microarrays)
401:resistive pulse sensing
395:considered for deletion
353:resistive pulse sensing
9786:DNA Data Bank of Japan
9702:Human proteome project
9505:Computational genomics
9359:Surface micromachining
9258:Scratch drive actuator
8064:10.1002/elps.200800373
7966:10.1038/nprot.2014.044
7138:10.1002/elps.201000424
6887:10.1002/anie.200906653
6521:10.1002/jssc.200500334
6189:10.1524/ract.2011.1865
6009:10.1524/ract.2012.1901
5238:J. Micromech. Microeng
4021:10.1021/acsami.8b14307
3698:10.1002/anie.200502862
3438:10.1002/anie.200603817
3172:10.1002/adma.201400091
1977:10.1002/anie.201201798
1937:10.1002/cphc.200300847
1848:10.1002/elps.200600735
1238:, possible due to the
1133:tumor microenvironment
1090:extracellular vesicles
1078:tumor microenvironment
1070:isolation chip (iCHIP)
614:antibiotic resistance.
469:transmembranal protein
304:surface acoustic waves
263:
232:
123:
76:Low energy consumption
25:
9765:Isotope affinity tags
9719:Expression proteomics
9017:Kelly R, ed. (2012).
8438:Nature Communications
8329:Nature Communications
7102:10.1089/ast.2011.0634
4177:10.1002/tcr.201800018
2643:Churchman AH (2018).
1893:10.1002/9781118720936
1541:Shkolnikov V (2019).
1218:, as demonstrated by
905:Further information:
696:liquid chromatography
668:Digital microfluidics
496:microfluidics is the
491:Key application areas
357:signal-to-noise ratio
287:digital microfluidics
277:Digital microfluidics
271:Digital microfluidics
261:
230:
110:
22:
9525:Human Genome Project
9510:Comparative genomics
9435:Silicon on insulator
8893:IEEE Sensors Journal
8538:Analytical Chemistry
8386:Nature Biotechnology
7868:10.3892/etm.2012.566
6990:Analytical Chemistry
6954:Analytical Chemistry
6622:Analytical Chemistry
6544:Analytical Chemistry
6450:Analytical Chemistry
6415:Analytical Chemistry
6282:Analytical Chemistry
6111:Applied Spectroscopy
6039:Analytical Chemistry
5814:10.1364/OE.16.008084
3818:Analytical Chemistry
3475:IEEE Sensors Journal
2870:Analytical Chemistry
2297:Analytical Chemistry
1008:droplet microfluidic
747:evolutionary biology
739:evolutionary ecology
710:Evolutionary biology
602:Polydimethylsiloxane
557:and other dangerous
526:and high-throughput
485:separation technique
89:Active microfluidics
9735:2-D electrophoresis
9709:Call-map proteomics
9567:Structural genomics
9554:Population genomics
9515:Functional genomics
9394:3D microfabrication
9364:Bulk micromachining
9074:Tabeling P (2006).
8906:2013ISenJ..13.3405C
8857:2016NatSR...625876C
8824:1983SciAm.248d..44A
8811:Scientific American
8728:2005RvMP...77..977S
8676:2012RPPh...75a6601S
8639:10.1038/nature05058
8631:2006Natur.442..368W
8550:10.1021/ac00073a029
8450:2017NatCo...8..469S
8341:2018NatCo...9.2434E
8284:2015NatSR...514272L
8227:2020NanoL..20..820M
8170:2017NatSR...746224L
8113:2014Sci...345..216Y
8015:10.1085/jgp.8.6.519
7772:2020SeAcB.30327171H
7423:Food & Function
7226:2007IJAsB...6...27B
7094:2011AsBio..11..519S
7041:2013ApJ...765..111K
6591:2006RCMS...20.3236H
6456:(23): 13030â13037.
6341:2020JRNC..323..965M
6123:2022ApSpe..76..580M
5967:2013ApPhL.102p1115L
5924:. pp. BM4B.4.
5805:2008OExpr..16.8084G
5746:2010PNAS..107..969S
5687:2010PNAS..107.9541D
5622:2009PhRvL.102d8104A
5567:10.1128/JB.01033-07
5512:2010Sci...329..342S
5457:Integrative Biology
5372:2006PNAS..10317290K
5366:(46): 17290â17295.
5250:2011JMiMi..21e4018Y
5153:2014PNAS..111.5778A
5084:2012PNAS..109E2649P
5078:(40): E2649âE2656.
4842:2010CBio...20.1099W
4800:2007SeAcB.123..614J
4653:2016NanoL..16..753C
4526:10.1038/nature05062
4518:2006Natur.442..394D
4456:2011ApPhL..98p3702A
4224:2020JCIS..564..204U
4126:2020JMMM..50366620D
3967:2019NatSR...9.1585G
3912:(1): 12807â128079.
3743:2003NanoL...3...37S
3647:2003NatMa...2..611L
3588:1996PNAS...9313770K
3582:(24): 13770â13773.
3530:1970RScI...41..909D
3487:2015ISenJ..15.1902P
3303:2019JCIS..539..379L
3164:2014AdM....26.4941S
2997:2013PhRvE..87e3003S
2817:2007Sci...315..832P
2735:2008ApPhL..93y4101C
2205:2002JMiMi..12..375T
2101:2013PNAS..11010111C
2095:(25): 10111â10116.
1971:(45): 11224â11240.
1566:Tabeling P (2005).
1442:1979ITED...26.1880T
1391:10.1038/nature05058
1383:2006Natur.442..368W
1192:tumor heterogeneity
907:Electroosmotic pump
790:Cellular biophysics
666:after manufacture.
565:for early warning.
434:metallic impurities
79:Microdomain effects
9689:Structural biology
9500:Cognitive genomics
9369:HAR micromachining
8991:(MIT Press, 2022)
8845:Scientific Reports
8757:10.1039/C4LC00399C
8594:10.1039/C3LC50169H
8272:Scientific Reports
8158:Scientific Reports
7481:Food Hydrocolloids
7435:10.1039/d0fo01278e
7286:10.1039/c0lc00230e
6392:10.1039/c2cc33774f
5889:10.1039/C4LC00701H
5469:10.1039/C0IB00049C
5463:(11â12): 604â629.
5434:10.1039/C5LC00124B
4413:10.1039/C8MH01616J
4401:Materials Horizons
4363:10.3390/mi11030297
3955:Scientific Reports
3869:10.1039/C8LC00496J
3248:Open Microfluidics
3152:Advanced Materials
3107:10.1039/c7lc00025a
2927:10.1039/C6LC01435F
2685:10.1039/C3LC50945A
2525:"fluid transistor"
2484:10.1039/C7NR02655B
2397:10.1039/c3lc50892g
2160:10.1039/c5lc00234f
2051:10.1039/c7lc00114b
1885:Open Microfluidics
1234:. The use of high
1232:theoretical plates
1063:positive selection
731:adaptive landscape
543:clinical pathology
461:paramagnetic fluid
308:optoelectrowetting
264:
233:
231:micro fluid sensor
184:open microfluidics
178:Open microfluidics
124:
47:, automation, and
26:
9845:
9844:
9740:Mass spectrometer
9549:Personal genomics
9452:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9340:
9339:
9089:978-0-19-856864-3
9066:978-0-85709-697-5
9047:978-1-62703-133-2
9028:978-953-510-106-2
9009:978-1-904455-46-2
8955:on April 9, 2023.
8865:10.1038/srep25876
8751:(13): 2217â2225.
8625:(7101): 368â373.
8588:(12): 2210â2251.
8392:(11): 1161â1167.
8292:10.1038/srep14272
8178:10.1038/srep46224
8107:(6193): 216â220.
7132:(22): 3642â3649.
7002:10.1021/ac8023334
6966:10.1021/ac202095k
6960:(22): 8636â8641.
6881:(34): 5846â5868.
6875:Angewandte Chemie
6634:10.1021/ac0712805
6628:(24): 9302â9309.
6585:(21): 3236â3244.
6556:10.1021/ac048358r
6386:(73): 9144â9146.
6177:Radiochimica Acta
5997:Radiochimica Acta
5975:10.1063/1.4802091
5939:978-1-55752-942-8
5883:(23): 4447â4450.
5799:(11): 8084â8093.
5671:(21): 9541â9545.
5561:(23): 8704â8707.
5506:(5989): 342â345.
5340:978-1-904455-47-9
5315:978-1-904455-47-9
5290:978-1-904455-47-9
5137:(16): 5778â5783.
4836:(12): 1099â1103.
4721:978-1-904455-47-9
4693:978-1-904455-46-2
4573:10.1063/1.4821315
4512:(7101): 394â402.
4464:10.1063/1.3581883
4171:(11): 1596â1612.
4078:10.1063/1.5035388
3918:10.1063/1.3682049
3863:(17): 2653â2664.
3830:10.1021/ac202137y
3824:(24): 9579â9585.
3751:10.1021/nl0255202
3692:(14): 2281â2285.
3686:Angewandte Chemie
3538:10.1063/1.1684724
3518:Rev. Sci. Instrum
3426:Angewandte Chemie
3375:(10): 1104â1120.
3158:(29): 4941â4946.
3064:10.1109/84.846697
2985:Physical Review E
2956:(11): 1837â1841.
2811:(5813): 832â835.
2743:10.1063/1.3050461
2679:(24): 4740â4744.
2478:(24): 8393â8400.
2437:978-1-4244-9271-8
2309:10.1021/ac102897h
2154:(11): 2364â2378.
2010:(26): 7624â7639.
1965:Angewandte Chemie
1931:(12): 1291â1298.
1841:(14): 2458â2465.
1802:(10): 1648â1657.
1763:(12): 1504â1509.
1607:(13): 1700â1705.
1585:978-0-19-856864-3
1471:Kirby BJ (2010).
1377:(7101): 368â373.
1279:Technology portal
1109:microfluidic chip
981:Future directions
716:landscape ecology
678:Molecular biology
563:"bio-smoke alarm"
505:molecular biology
349:white blood cells
259:
37:molecular biology
9885:
9878:Gas technologies
9833:
9832:
9821:
9820:
9664:Pharmacogenomics
9659:Pharmacogenetics
9479:
9472:
9465:
9456:
9455:
9430:Photolithography
9349:
9348:
9302:Millipede memory
9263:Thermal actuator
9223:
9222:
9193:Basic structures
9156:
9149:
9142:
9133:
9132:
9109:
9108:
9093:
9081:
9070:
9051:
9040:. Humana Press.
9032:
9013:
8984:
8969:Bruus H (2008).
8956:
8954:
8947:
8935:
8917:
8900:(9): 3405â3414.
8886:
8876:
8835:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8776:
8739:
8713:
8703:
8658:
8613:
8562:
8561:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8497:(6): 1060â1066.
8486:
8480:
8479:
8469:
8429:
8420:
8419:
8409:
8398:10.1038/nbt.3697
8377:
8371:
8370:
8360:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8303:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8246:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8189:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8132:
8092:
8086:
8085:
8075:
8058:(8): 1388â1398.
8043:
8037:
8036:
8026:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7977:
7954:Nature Protocols
7945:
7939:
7938:
7928:
7896:
7890:
7889:
7879:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7830:
7813:(5): 1202â1214.
7798:
7792:
7791:
7754:
7745:
7744:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7641:
7635:
7634:
7586:
7577:
7571:
7562:
7561:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7496:
7472:
7463:
7462:
7429:(7): 5726â5737.
7414:
7408:
7407:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7280:(9): 1574â1586.
7265:
7254:
7253:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7052:
7020:
7014:
7013:
6996:(7): 2537â2544.
6984:
6978:
6977:
6949:
6943:
6942:
6913:
6907:
6906:
6872:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6813:. Archived from
6812:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6754:on 28 June 2008.
6750:. Archived from
6739:
6733:
6732:
6707:(8): 2507â2512.
6696:
6690:
6689:
6664:(9): 2805â2815.
6652:
6646:
6645:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6599:10.1002/rcm.2725
6574:
6568:
6567:
6550:(9): 2997â3000.
6539:
6533:
6532:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6491:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6421:(9): 4889â4896.
6410:
6404:
6403:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6288:(4): 2456â2460.
6273:
6264:
6263:
6230:(9): 2288â2295.
6215:
6209:
6208:
6168:
6159:
6158:
6102:
6087:
6086:
6045:(3): 1643â1651.
6030:
6021:
6020:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5900:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5816:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5757:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5708:
5698:
5680:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5615:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5428:(8): 1961â1968.
5419:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5393:
5383:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5215:10.1039/B917719A
5194:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5164:
5146:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5095:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4994:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4910:
4899:10.1039/B718212K
4878:
4872:
4871:
4861:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4584:
4561:Biomicrofluidics
4552:
4546:
4545:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4407:(7): 1359â1379.
4392:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4323:10.1039/B513005K
4306:
4297:
4296:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4066:Biomicrofluidics
4057:
4051:
4050:
4032:
4015:(2): 2459â2469.
4003:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3929:
3906:Biomicrofluidics
3897:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3635:Nature Materials
3626:
3620:
3619:
3609:
3599:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3432:(8): 1318â1320.
3417:
3411:
3410:
3392:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3296:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3118:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3047:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3029:, Feb. 11, 1986.
3023:
3017:
3016:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2962:10.1039/b813325e
2945:
2939:
2938:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2876:(3): 1434â1443.
2861:
2855:
2854:
2828:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2774:10.1039/B715524G
2757:
2751:
2750:
2745:. Archived from
2714:
2705:
2704:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2554:(8): 1588â1601.
2539:
2533:
2532:
2531:on July 8, 2011.
2527:. Archived from
2521:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2354:10.1039/b502207j
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2303:(4): 1408â1417.
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2045:(8): 1436â1441.
2034:
2028:
2027:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1850:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1808:10.1039/b800487k
1787:
1781:
1780:
1769:10.1039/B612526N
1748:
1742:
1741:
1730:10.1039/b501781e
1709:
1703:
1702:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1652:10.1039/b403378g
1631:
1625:
1624:
1613:10.1039/b926976b
1596:
1590:
1589:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1522:Bruus H (2007).
1519:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1481:. Archived from
1468:
1462:
1461:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1362:
1327:Microphysiometry
1281:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1214:(CE) systems on
1157:organsâonâaâchip
1137:3D cell cultures
885:uses a pulse of
654:. A drawback of
587:optical tweezers
522:analysis (e.g.,
498:inkjet printhead
398:
298:-on-dielectric (
260:
85:capillary forces
41:microelectronics
9893:
9892:
9888:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9882:
9848:
9847:
9846:
9841:
9809:
9774:
9723:
9683:
9679:Transcriptomics
9669:Systems biology
9654:Paleopolyploidy
9590:Cheminformatics
9571:
9488:
9483:
9453:
9444:
9398:
9336:
9290:
9267:
9239:
9214:
9188:
9179:Microtechnology
9165:
9163:Microtechnology
9160:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9110:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9090:
9067:
9048:
9029:
9010:
8987:Folch, Albert.
8981:
8964:
8959:
8952:
8945:
8915:10.1.1.640.4976
8799:
8797:
8780:Chen K (2011).
8722:(3): 977â1026.
8711:
8575:
8570:
8568:Further reading
8565:
8530:
8526:
8491:Nature Genetics
8487:
8483:
8430:
8423:
8378:
8374:
8321:
8317:
8264:
8260:
8207:
8203:
8150:
8146:
8093:
8089:
8052:Electrophoresis
8044:
8040:
7995:
7991:
7946:
7942:
7911:(10): 761â772.
7897:
7893:
7848:
7844:
7799:
7795:
7755:
7748:
7697:
7693:
7642:
7638:
7587:
7580:
7572:
7565:
7522:
7518:
7473:
7466:
7415:
7411:
7360:
7356:
7313:
7309:
7266:
7257:
7206:
7202:
7187:
7165:
7161:
7126:Electrophoresis
7121:
7117:
7078:
7074:
7021:
7017:
6985:
6981:
6950:
6946:
6914:
6910:
6870:
6864:
6860:
6829:
6825:
6817:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6786:
6782:
6763:
6759:
6740:
6736:
6697:
6693:
6653:
6649:
6618:
6614:
6575:
6571:
6540:
6536:
6505:
6501:
6489:
6481:
6477:
6446:
6442:
6411:
6407:
6376:
6372:
6321:
6317:
6274:
6267:
6216:
6212:
6169:
6162:
6103:
6090:
6031:
6024:
5989:
5982:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5918:
5914:
5869:
5865:
5842:
5838:
5785:
5781:
5726:
5722:
5657:
5653:
5596:
5592:
5547:
5543:
5496:
5492:
5453:
5449:
5417:
5411:
5407:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5277:
5273:
5234:
5230:
5195:
5188:
5123:
5119:
5064:
5057:
5012:
5008:
4963:
4959:
4928:
4924:
4879:
4875:
4830:Current Biology
4822:
4815:
4784:
4780:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4680:
4676:
4637:
4633:
4602:
4598:
4553:
4549:
4502:
4498:
4483:
4479:
4440:
4436:
4393:
4389:
4342:
4338:
4307:
4300:
4261:
4257:
4204:
4200:
4165:Chemical Record
4161:
4157:
4110:
4103:
4058:
4054:
4004:
4000:
3947:
3943:
3898:
3894:
3849:
3845:
3813:
3809:
3762:
3758:
3727:
3723:
3682:
3678:
3655:10.1038/nmat965
3627:
3623:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3514:
3510:
3467:
3463:
3418:
3414:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3244:
3240:
3201:
3197:
3144:
3140:
3101:(6): 994â1008.
3091:
3087:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3020:
2981:
2977:
2946:
2942:
2911:
2907:
2862:
2858:
2826:10.1.1.673.2864
2801:
2797:
2758:
2754:
2715:
2708:
2669:
2660:
2641:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2581:Wu, S. (2000).
2579:
2575:
2540:
2536:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2503:
2499:
2468:
2461:
2438:
2416:
2412:
2381:
2377:
2338:
2334:
2289:
2285:
2240:
2236:
2189:
2185:
2140:
2136:
2081:
2074:
2035:
2031:
1996:
1992:
1961:
1952:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1881:
1872:
1835:Electrophoresis
1827:
1823:
1788:
1784:
1749:
1745:
1710:
1706:
1671:
1667:
1632:
1628:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1520:
1516:
1509:Springer Verlag
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1469:
1465:
1426:
1422:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1236:electric fields
1208:
1153:3D cell culture
1098:enzymatic assay
1061:antibodies for
1037:prostate cancer
1027:mutations with
988:
983:
962:
925:astrobiologists
921:
909:
903:
880:
862:
816:
801:
792:
765:chemoattractant
761:
755:
712:
684:electrophoresis
680:
624:
598:optical tweezer
493:
414:magnetophoresis
409:
383:
345:red blood cells
336:Coulter counter
331:
322:
316:
291:fault-tolerance
279:
273:
253:
251:
245:
196:
180:
171:
143:Reynolds number
128:surface tension
105:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9891:
9881:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9868:Nanotechnology
9865:
9863:Fluid dynamics
9860:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9839:
9827:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9807:
9801:
9795:
9789:
9782:
9780:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9731:
9729:
9728:Research tools
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9705:
9704:
9693:
9691:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9681:
9676:
9674:Toxicogenomics
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9609:
9608:
9607:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9581:
9579:
9577:Bioinformatics
9573:
9572:
9570:
9569:
9564:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9540:
9539:
9529:
9528:
9527:
9520:Genome project
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9489:
9482:
9481:
9474:
9467:
9459:
9450:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9355:
9353:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9335:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9317:Microphotonics
9314:
9309:
9304:
9298:
9296:
9292:
9291:
9289:
9288:
9286:Optical switch
9283:
9277:
9275:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9249:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9237:
9235:Microbolometer
9231:
9229:
9220:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9196:
9194:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9186:
9184:Micromachinery
9181:
9176:
9170:
9167:
9166:
9159:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9136:
9111:
9104:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9088:
9071:
9065:
9052:
9046:
9033:
9027:
9014:
9008:
8995:
8985:
8980:978-0199235094
8979:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8936:
8887:
8836:
8805:
8777:
8740:
8704:
8659:
8614:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8563:
8544:(1): 177â184.
8524:
8481:
8421:
8372:
8315:
8258:
8221:(2): 820â828.
8201:
8144:
8087:
8038:
8009:(6): 519â530.
7989:
7960:(3): 694â710.
7940:
7891:
7862:(1): 109â112.
7842:
7793:
7746:
7711:(3): 736â743.
7691:
7650:Food Chemistry
7636:
7595:Food Chemistry
7578:
7563:
7516:
7464:
7409:
7368:Food Chemistry
7354:
7307:
7255:
7200:
7185:
7159:
7115:
7088:(6): 519â528.
7072:
7015:
6979:
6944:
6908:
6858:
6823:
6820:on 2016-12-22.
6799:
6796:on 2008-03-05.
6780:
6757:
6734:
6691:
6647:
6612:
6569:
6534:
6515:(4): 499â509.
6499:
6475:
6440:
6405:
6370:
6335:(2): 965â973.
6315:
6265:
6210:
6183:(9): 563â572.
6160:
6117:(5): 580â589.
6088:
6022:
6003:(3): 185â188.
5980:
5961:(16): 161115.
5945:
5938:
5912:
5863:
5836:
5793:Optics Express
5779:
5740:(3): 969â974.
5720:
5651:
5590:
5541:
5490:
5447:
5405:
5346:
5339:
5321:
5314:
5296:
5289:
5271:
5228:
5209:(6): 783â788.
5186:
5117:
5055:
5006:
4977:(1): 443â452.
4971:Cytotechnology
4957:
4938:(3): 151â160.
4922:
4893:(5): 747â754.
4873:
4813:
4794:(1): 614â621.
4778:
4727:
4720:
4699:
4692:
4674:
4647:(1): 753â759.
4631:
4612:(4): 657â665.
4596:
4547:
4496:
4477:
4450:(16): 163702.
4434:
4387:
4336:
4298:
4271:(4): 299â308.
4255:
4198:
4155:
4101:
4052:
3998:
3941:
3892:
3843:
3807:
3772:(2): 437â446.
3756:
3721:
3676:
3641:(9): 611â615.
3621:
3562:
3543:
3524:(7): 909â916.
3508:
3461:
3412:
3359:
3352:
3332:
3271:
3264:
3238:
3211:(5): 907â914.
3195:
3138:
3085:
3058:(2): 171â180.
3042:
3031:
3018:
2975:
2940:
2921:(5): 751â771.
2905:
2856:
2795:
2768:(2): 198â220.
2752:
2749:on 2013-01-13.
2729:(25): 254101.
2706:
2658:
2635:
2626:|website=
2601:
2573:
2534:
2516:
2497:
2459:
2436:
2410:
2391:(4): 771â778.
2375:
2348:(8): 827â836.
2332:
2283:
2254:(2): 325â333.
2234:
2199:(4): 375â379.
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1420:
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1265:Biology portal
1252:
1249:
1224:micromachining
1207:
1204:
1184:RNA sequencing
1145:ovarian cancer
1019:dropletâbased
987:
984:
982:
979:
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958:
920:
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902:
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876:
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844:reprocessing.
815:
812:
800:
797:
791:
788:
777:microbial loop
757:Main article:
754:
751:
735:metapopulation
711:
708:
690:analysis, and
679:
676:
660:protein arrays
636:DNA microarray
628:DNA microarray
623:
620:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
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583:
580:
577:
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465:functionalized
463:) needs to be
418:magnetic field
408:
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330:
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318:Main article:
315:
312:
296:electrowetting
283:electrowetting
275:Main article:
272:
269:
247:Main article:
244:
241:
221:electrokinetic
195:
192:
179:
176:
170:
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113:Phase contrast
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9595:Chemogenomics
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9123:Microfluidics
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9082:. Oxford UP.
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8993:online review
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8796:on 2012-03-31
8795:
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8762:
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8745:Lab on a Chip
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8670:(1): 016601.
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8583:
8582:Lab on a Chip
8578:
8577:
8573:Review papers
8559:
8555:
8551:
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7274:Lab on a Chip
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6494:Proc MicroTAS
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5877:Lab on a Chip
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5203:Lab on a Chip
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4887:Lab on a Chip
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4350:Micromachines
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4311:Lab on a Chip
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3857:Lab on a Chip
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3353:9783319595931
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3095:Lab on a Chip
3089:
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3046:
3040:
3035:
3028:
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3010:
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3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:(5): 053003.
2990:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2950:Lab on a Chip
2944:
2936:
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2762:Lab on a Chip
2756:
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2674:
2673:Lab on a Chip
2667:
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2663:
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2646:
2639:
2631:
2619:
2604:
2602:0-7803-5273-4
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2385:Lab on a Chip
2379:
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2342:Lab on a Chip
2336:
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2165:
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2149:
2148:Lab on a Chip
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2138:
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2102:
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2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Lab on a Chip
2033:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
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2005:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1946:
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1934:
1930:
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1919:
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1902:9781118720936
1898:
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1796:Lab on a Chip
1793:
1786:
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1774:
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1758:
1757:Lab on a Chip
1754:
1747:
1739:
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1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:Lab on a Chip
1715:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:(2): 97â101.
1684:
1680:
1679:Point of Care
1676:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Lab on a Chip
1637:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:Lab on a Chip
1595:
1587:
1581:
1577:
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1571:
1562:
1554:
1548:
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1529:
1525:
1518:
1510:
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1499:
1485:on 2019-04-28
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1459:
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1338:
1335:
1333:
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1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Lab-on-a-chip
1310:
1308:
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1185:
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1129:
1127:
1122:
1121:primary tumor
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:primary cells
1101:
1099:
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1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:liquid biopsy
1053:
1049:
1044:
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1030:
1029:TaqMan probes
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
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978:
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970:
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966:lab-on-a-chip
957:
955:
951:
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944:, and simple
943:
939:
935:
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926:
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914:
911:Microfluidic
908:
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884:
875:
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780:
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760:
753:Cell behavior
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
707:
705:
704:microorganism
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:transcriptome
685:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:protein array
637:
633:
629:
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612:
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606:
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595:
591:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
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564:
560:
556:
552:
549:diagnosis of
548:
547:point-of-care
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
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521:
517:
514:
510:
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501:
499:
488:
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478:
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466:
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457:nanoparticles
454:
449:
447:
446:paramagnetism
443:
439:
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423:
419:
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380:
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61:lab-on-a-chip
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29:Microfluidics
21:
9834:
9822:
9644:Microbiomics
9639:Metabolomics
9600:Connectomics
9559:
9532:Metagenomics
9389:Wire bonding
9219:Applications
9210:Microchannel
9121:
9120:
9119:profile for
9116:
9077:
9056:
9037:
9018:
8999:
8988:
8970:
8950:the original
8941:
8897:
8891:
8848:
8844:
8818:(4): 44â55.
8815:
8809:
8798:. Retrieved
8794:the original
8789:
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8667:
8663:
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8618:
8585:
8581:
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8385:
8375:
8332:
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8318:
8278:(1): 14272.
8275:
8271:
8261:
8218:
8215:Nano Letters
8214:
8204:
8164:(1): 46224.
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8157:
8147:
8104:
8100:
8090:
8055:
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7273:
7220:(1): 27â36.
7217:
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7085:
7082:Astrobiology
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7032:
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6989:
6982:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6922:
6918:
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6861:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6815:the original
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6794:the original
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6774:
6770:
6760:
6752:the original
6747:
6737:
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6700:
6694:
6661:
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6650:
6625:
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6578:
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4829:
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4683:
4677:
4644:
4641:Nano Letters
4640:
4634:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4567:(5): 56501.
4564:
4560:
4550:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4491:Artech House
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4447:
4443:
4437:
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4400:
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4349:
4339:
4317:(1): 24â38.
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4310:
4268:
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3860:
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3765:
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3346:. Springer.
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2914:
2908:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2747:the original
2726:
2722:
2676:
2672:
2638:
2606:. Retrieved
2583:
2576:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2529:the original
2519:
2506:
2500:
2475:
2471:
2419:
2413:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2345:
2341:
2335:
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2247:
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2088:
2042:
2038:
2032:
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2003:
1993:
1968:
1964:
1928:
1925:ChemPhysChem
1924:
1911:
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1838:
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1799:
1795:
1785:
1760:
1756:
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1629:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1569:
1561:
1542:
1536:
1523:
1517:
1504:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1473:
1466:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1342:uFluids@Home
1244:conductivity
1240:thermal mass
1209:
1188:DNAâbarcoded
1173:
1130:
1102:
1045:
993:
989:
975:
971:
963:
960:Food science
922:
919:Astrobiology
910:
881:
872:
863:
850:
846:
817:
809:
805:optofluidics
802:
793:
781:
762:
737:system. The
720:nanofluidics
713:
681:
625:
617:
567:
540:
502:
494:
481:
450:
426:magnetically
410:
388:
381:
365:
340:saline water
332:
323:
280:
265:
234:
197:
181:
172:
163:
153:rather than
132:
125:
88:
82:
65:
55:printheads,
45:multiplexing
28:
27:
9612:Epigenomics
9544:Pangenomics
9379:Lithography
8335:(1): 2434.
6839:: 261â286.
6224:ACS Sensors
5032:10.3791/271
4218:: 204â215.
3961:(1): 1585.
3481:(3): 1902.
3287:: 379â387.
2653:10.5518/153
1337:Microvalves
1228:amino acids
1220:Z. Hugh Fan
1151:device for
1141:lung cancer
991:important.
942:fatty acids
934:amino acids
706:capturing.
672:Digital PCR
594:Stokes flow
369:lithography
205:liquid flow
200:liquid flow
188:paper-based
139:micrometers
116:micrographs
97:microvalves
9852:Categories
9697:Proteomics
9634:Lipidomics
9629:Immunomics
9374:Deposition
9332:Micropower
9253:Comb drive
9205:Cantilever
8800:2011-08-30
8444:(1): 469.
7766:: 127171.
7656:: 128773.
7601:: 126396.
7536:: 110212.
7487:: 105610.
7374:: 125300.
7327:: 110269.
7035:(2): 111.
5852:(12): 34.
5026:(7): 271.
4356:(3): 297.
4120:: 166620.
3552:US 2656508
3390:1826/15985
3294:2106.03526
2608:24 January
1489:2010-02-13
1353:References
1332:Micropumps
1216:microchips
1113:metastases
996:biomarkers
913:fuel cells
901:Fuel cells
895:proteomics
887:ultrasound
841:Beer's Law
836:UV-Vis-NIR
769:chemotaxis
743:biophysics
644:antibodies
632:Affymetrix
532:proteomics
528:sequencing
440:and other
430:industrial
217:micropumps
135:nanometers
93:micropumps
73:Small size
9624:Glycomics
9440:Smart cut
9345:Processes
9245:Actuators
9099:Education
8910:CiteSeerX
8851:: 25876.
8655:205210989
8558:0003-2700
8519:171094979
7788:208705450
7741:211023292
7725:1750-3841
7686:228100279
7670:0308-8146
7631:211160645
7615:0308-8146
7558:224841971
7550:0260-8774
7511:212935489
7503:0268-005X
7459:220059922
7443:2042-6496
7404:201219877
7388:0308-8146
7349:224875232
7341:0023-6438
7294:1473-0197
7250:123048038
7242:1475-3006
7059:0004-637X
6925:: 23â34.
6788:Allen J.
6365:209441127
6357:1588-2780
6302:0003-2700
6260:201275176
6244:2379-3694
6197:0033-8230
6155:246488502
6139:0003-7028
6083:229323758
6059:0003-2700
6017:101475605
5678:0910.2899
5613:0812.2375
5144:1305.5843
4747:(4): 47.
4741:Pathogens
4472:0003-6951
4429:133309954
4421:2051-6347
4150:213233645
4142:0304-8853
3731:Nano Lett
3407:119536401
3072:1057-7157
2821:CiteSeerX
2628:ignored (
2618:cite book
2472:Nanoscale
2229:250860338
2221:0960-1317
1415:205210989
1399:0028-0836
1200:phenotype
1035: or
946:aldehydes
784:durotaxis
724:bacterial
559:pathogens
393:is being
377:machining
361:amplifier
159:diffusion
155:turbulent
147:viscosity
57:DNA chips
24:chemical.
9836:Category
9562:genomics
9486:Genomics
9425:Lift-off
9403:Specific
9273:Switches
8932:14492585
8883:27194474
8765:24825780
8692:22790308
8647:16871203
8610:17745196
8602:23652632
8511:31152164
8476:28883466
8416:27723727
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