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surroundings and to the way in which such interactions shape the mind. Proponents of this approach have expressed the hope that it will ultimately dissolve the
Cartesian divide between the immaterial mind and the material existence of human beings (Damasio, 1994; Gallagher, 2005). A topic that seems particularly promising for providing a bridge across the mind–body cleavage is the study of bodily actions, which are neither reflexive reactions to external stimuli nor indications of mental states, which have only arbitrary relationships to the motor features of the action (e.g., pressing a button for making a choice response). The shape, timing, and effects of such actions are inseparable from their meaning. One might say that they are loaded with mental content, which cannot be appreciated other than by studying their material features. Imitation, communicative gesturing, and tool use are examples of these kinds of actions.
872:, described the mind and the body as depending on each other in a way that two sheaves of reeds were to stand leaning against one another and taught that the world consists of mind and matter which work together, interdependently. Buddhist teachings describe the mind as manifesting from moment to moment, one thought moment at a time as a fast flowing stream. The components that make up the mind are known as the five aggregates (i.e., material form, feelings, perception, volition, and sensory consciousness), which arise and pass away continuously. The arising and passing of these aggregates in the present moment is described as being influenced by five causal laws: biological laws, psychological laws, physical laws, volitional laws, and universal laws. The Buddhist practice of
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phenomena (i.e., the mind) that experience/analyze all external phenomena in the world as well as all internal phenomena including the body anatomy, the nervous system as well as the organ brain. This conceptualization leads to two levels of analyses: (i) analyses conducted from a third-person perspective on how the brain works, and (ii) analyzing the moment-to-moment manifestation of an individual's mind-stream (analyses conducted from a first-person perspective). Considering the latter, the manifestation of the mind-stream is described as happening in every person all the time, even in a scientist who analyzes various phenomena in the world, including analyzing and hypothesizing about the organ brain.
909:(429–347 B.C.E.) believed that the material world is a shadow of a higher reality that consists of concepts he called Forms. According to Plato, objects in our everyday world "participate in" these Forms, which confer identity and meaning to material objects. For example, a circle drawn in the sand would be a circle only because it participates in the concept of an ideal circle that exists somewhere in the world of Forms. He argued that, as the body is from the material world, the soul is from the world of Forms and is thus immortal. He believed the soul was temporarily united with the body and would only be separated at death, when it, if pure, would return to the world of
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987:(1225–1274), like Aristotle, believed that the mind and the body are one, like a seal and wax; therefore, it is pointless to ask whether or not they are one. However, (referring to "mind" as "the soul") he asserted that the soul persists after the death of the body in spite of their unity, calling the soul "this particular thing". Since his view was primarily theological rather than philosophical, it is impossible to fit it neatly within either the category of
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experience of that conscious state. The growing ability of neuroscientists to manipulate neurons using methods from molecular biology in combination with optical tools was achieved by the development of behavioral and organic models that are amenable to large-scale genomic analysis and manipulation. Non-human analysis such as this, in combination with imaging of the human brain, have contributed to a robust and increasingly predictive theoretical framework.
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196:, much has been learned about correlations between brain activity and subjective, conscious experiences. Many suggest that neuroscience will ultimately explain consciousness: "...consciousness is a biological process that will eventually be explained in terms of molecular signaling pathways used by interacting populations of nerve cells..." However, this view has been criticized because
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whether potential or actual, are distributed over things potential or actual, as the case may be. In the soul, again, the sensitive faculty and the cognitive faculty are potentially their respective objects. These objects must therefore exist in the soul, not indeed as concrete wholes, form and matter combined, which is impossible: it must be the
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If your mind and its states, such as your beliefs and desires, were causally isolated from your bodily behavior, then what goes on in your mind could not explain what you do. If psychological explanation goes, so do the closely related notions of agency and moral responsibility. Clearly, a good deal rides on a satisfactory solution to the
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from what sets it in motion, or again, on the nature and shape of this latter thing's surface. Now the first two conditions involve contact, and the third involves that the impelling thing has extension; but you utterly exclude extension from your notion of soul, and contact seems to me incompatible with a thing's being immaterial...
783:, Descartes talked about a "coordinated disposition of created things set up by God", shortly after having identified "nature in its general aspect" with God himself. His conception of the relationship between God and his normative nature actualized in the existing world recalls both the pre-established harmony of Leibniz and the
331:, adaptive, and highly interconnected biological system. However, it's unknown if discovering and characterizing neural correlates may eventually provide a theory of consciousness that can explain the first-person experience of these "systems", and determine whether other systems of equal complexity lack such features.
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The body–mind problem is the question of whether and how our thought processes in World 2 are bound up with brain events in World 1. ...I would argue that the first and oldest of these attempted solutions is the only one that deserves to be taken seriously : World 2 and World 1 interact, so that when
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must function for a subject to be in a sufficient state of brain arousal to experience anything at all. These nuclei therefore belong to the enabling factors for consciousness. Conversely it is likely that the specific content of any particular conscious sensation is mediated by particular neurons in
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but these natural cycles may be influenced by lack of sleep, alcohol and other drugs, physical exertion, etc. Arousal can be measured behaviorally by the signal amplitude required to trigger a given reaction (for example, the sound level that causes a subject to turn and look toward the source). High
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An apple falls on Alice's head, apparently causing the experience of pain in her mind. In fact, the apple does not cause the pain—the pain is caused by some previous state of Alice's mind. If Alice then seems to shake her hand in anger, it is not actually her mind that causes this, but some previous
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The viewpoint of psychophysical parallelism suggests that the mind and body are entirely independent from one another. Furthermore, this viewpoint states that both mental and physical stimuli and reactions are experienced simultaneously by both the mind and body, however, there is no interaction nor
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The absence of an empirically identifiable meeting point between the non-physical mind (if there is such a thing) and its physical extension (if there is such a thing) has been raised as a criticism of interactionalist dualism. This criticism has led many modern philosophers of mind to maintain that
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An ancient model of the mind known as the Five-Aggregate Model, described in the
Buddhist teachings, explains the mind as continuously changing sense impressions and mental phenomena. Considering this model, it is possible to understand that it is the constantly changing sense impressions and mental
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Since 1927, at the Solvay
Conference in Austria, European physicists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries realized that the interpretations of their experiments with light and electricity required a different theory to explain why light behaves both as a wave and particle. The implications were
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Mind–body interaction has a central place in our pretheoretic conception of agency. Indeed, mental causation often figures explicitly in formulations of the mind–body problem. Some philosophers insist that the very notion of psychological explanation turns on the intelligibility of mental causation.
73:
It is not obvious how the concept of the mind and the concept of the body relate. For example, feelings of sadness (which are mental events) cause people to cry (which is a physical state of the body). Finding a joke funny (a mental event) causes one to laugh (another bodily state). Feelings of pain
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In the end, Aristotle saw the relation between soul and body as uncomplicated, in the same way that it is uncomplicated that a cubical shape is a property of a toy building block. The soul is a property exhibited by the body, one among many. Moreover, Aristotle proposed that when the body perishes,
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It is not necessary to ask whether soul and body are one, just as it is not necessary to ask whether the wax and its shape are one, nor generally whether the matter of each thing and that of which it is the matter are one. For even if one and being are spoken of in several ways, what is properly so
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The concept of pre-established harmony can be understood by considering an event with both seemingly mental and physical aspects. For example, consider saying 'ouch' after stubbing one's toe. There are two general ways to describe this event: in terms of mental events (where the conscious sensation
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The viewpoint of pre-established harmony is another offshoot of psychophysical parallelism which suggests that mental events and bodily events are separate and distinct, but that they are both coordinated by an external agent, an example of such an agent could be God. A notable adherent to the idea
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The viewpoint of epiphenomenalism suggests that the physical brain can cause mental events in the mind, but that the mind cannot interact with the brain at all; stating that mental occurrences are simply a side effect of the brain's processes. This viewpoint explains that while one's body may react
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Aristotle seems to say that the nous is a form, but on closer inspection we find that it is not, or at least not the usual kind. Nous is a maker of forms. A “form of forms” is like a tool of tools, like a living body's organ that makes tools. Nous is certainly not itself the sort of form that it
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set the agenda for subsequent discussions of the mind–body relation. According to
Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of "substance". Bodies, he held, are spatially extended substances, incapable of feeling or thought; minds, in contrast, are unextended, thinking, feeling substances. If
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To sum up: the soul is in a manner the universe of things, which is made up of things sensible and things intelligible: and knowledge is in a manner identical with its object, the intelligible; sense with its object, the sensible. This statement calls for further explanation. Sense and knowledge,
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The restriction of causality to 'efficient causality' lead to the neglect of 'goal-orientation' since it was no longer necessary within framework. Not considering 'goal-orientation' resulted in the neglect of 'embedment' and the consequential presupposition of 'isolation' with separation between
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mechanism of our body is so constructed that simply by this gland's being moved in any way by the soul or by any other cause, it drives the surrounding spirits towards the pores of the brain, which direct them through the nerves to the muscles; and in this way the gland makes the spirits move the
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how the human soul can determine the movement of the animal spirits in the body so as to perform voluntary acts—being as it is merely a conscious substance. For the determination of movement seems always to come about from the moving body's being propelled—to depend on the kind of impulse it gets
212:
Cognitive science today gets increasingly interested in the embodiment of human perception, thinking, and action. Abstract information processing models are no longer accepted as satisfactory accounts of the human mind. Interest has shifted to interactions between the material human body and its
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and intentionality, as related to perception/action rather than to sensory impression/movement, were excluded from science and consequently regarded purely philosophical problems. Analogous to 'final causes', 'formal causes' were eliminated as well. 'Efficient causality' is not compatible with
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doctrine of the Buddha, the conceptual self is a mere mental construct of an individual entity and is basically an impermanent illusion, sustained by form, sensation, perception, thought and consciousness. The Buddha argued that mentally clinging to any views will result in delusion and stress,
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The viewpoint of
Occasionalism is another offshoot of psychophysical parallelism, however, the major difference is that the mind and body have some indirect interaction. Occasionalism suggests that the mind and body are separate and distinct, but that they interact through divine intervention.
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Under pre-established harmony, the preprogramming of each mind must be extremely complex, since only it causes its own thoughts or actions, for as long as it exists. To appear to interact, each substance's "program" must contain a description of either the entire universe, or of how the object
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According to Searle then, there is no more a mind–body problem than there is a macro–micro economics problem. They are different levels of description of the same set of phenomena. But Searle is careful to maintain that the mental – the domain of qualitative experience and understanding – is
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one to say 'ouch') and in terms of physical events (where neural firings in one's toe, carried to the brain, are what caused one to say 'ouch'). The main task of the mind–body problem is figuring out how these mental events (the feeling of pain) and physical events (the nerve firings) relate.
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The massive parallelism of neural networks allows redundant populations of neurons to mediate the same or similar percepts. Nonetheless, it is assumed that every subjective state will have associated neural correlates, which can be manipulated to artificially inhibit or induce the subject's
261:"are the smallest set of brain mechanisms and events sufficient for some specific conscious feeling, as elemental as the color red or as complex as the sensual, mysterious, and primeval sensation evoked when looking at jungle scene..." Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover
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was one of the main contributors to this idea, using it as a way to address his disagreements with
Descartes' view of the mind–body problem. In Malebranche's occasionalism, he viewed thoughts as a wish for the body to move, which was then fulfilled by God causing the body to act.
913:; otherwise, reincarnation follows. Since the soul does not exist in time and space, as the body does, it can access universal truths. For Plato, ideas (or Forms) are the true reality, and are experienced by the soul. The body is for Plato empty in that it cannot access the
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of things which exist in the soul. Thus within the soul intellect is the form of forms, i.e. of intelligible forms, and sense the form of sensibles, precisely as in the body the hand is the instrument of instruments, i.e. the instrument by which other instruments are
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Aristotle now lets this aspect of nous and hand define a new term which he does not use anywhere else, so far as I know. The hand is “a tool of tools.” The nous is a “form of forms.” The hand and the soul are unique in this respect. Let us see further what this
1690:'embedded coding' is necessarily tied with 'formal causality' and 'final causality'... Finally, the possibility of mental causation remains incompatible with 'efficient causality'. It can, however, be properly described by 'formal and final causality'.
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The body–mind relationship...includes the problem of man's position in the physical world...'World 1'. The world of conscious human processes I shall call 'World 2', and the world of the objective creations of the human mind I shall call 'World
1174:...whatever it is that impinges on us from the mind-independent world does not come located in a spatial or a temporal matrix,...The mind has two pure forms of intuition built into it to allow it to... organize this 'manifold of raw intuition'.
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brain, body, and environment. Neglecting 'embedment' lead to the equation of perception/action with sensory impression/movement which could be well accounted for by 'efficient causality'. Accordingly, since dominated by 'efficient causality',
761:"expresses" the world in its entirety, and the world expressed by the monad actually exists. Although Leibniz says that each monad is "windowless", he also claims that it functions as a "mirror" of the entire created universe.
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to them feeling joy, fear, or sadness, that the emotion does not cause the physical response. Rather, it explains that joy, fear, sadness, and all bodily reactions are caused by chemicals and their interaction with the body.
327:, have focused primarily on the body rather than the mind. In this context, neuronal correlates may be viewed as causing consciousness, where consciousness can be thought of as an undefined property that depends upon this
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I hope to prove that it is entirely false, and false not in detail but in principle. It is not merely an assemblage of particular mistakes. It is one big mistake and a mistake of a special kind. It is, namely, a category
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Leibniz's pre-established harmony attempts to answer this puzzle, by saying that mental and physical events are not genuinely related in any causal sense, but only seem to interact due to psycho-physical fine-tuning.
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profound. The usual empirical model of explaining natural phenomena could not account for this duality of matter and non-matter. In a significant way, this has brought back the conversation on the mind–body duality.
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The neuronal correlates of consciousness constitute the smallest set of neural events and structures sufficient for a given conscious percept or explicit memory. This case involves synchronized action potentials in
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The viewpoint of interactionism suggests that the mind and body are two separate substances, but that each can affect the other. This interaction between the mind and body was first put forward by the philosopher
164:
Elizabeth is expressing the prevailing mechanistic view as to how causation of bodies works. Causal relations countenanced by contemporary physics can take several forms, not all of which are of the push–pull
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and subsequent writers, itself a form of physicalism, held that consciousness was engendered by the material contingencies of one's environment. An explicit rejection of the dichotomy is found in French
487:, which holds that mental properties involving conscious experience are fundamental properties, alongside the fundamental properties identified by a completed physics. The three main forms of monism are
570:. This perspective states that mental states are a result of the brain states, and that the mental events can then influence the brain, resulting in a two way communication between the mind and body.
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in his theory of
Monadology. His explanation of pre-established harmony relied heavily upon God as the external agent who coordinated the mental and bodily events of all things in the beginning.
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were two of the notable users of double aspectism, however, Fechner later expanded upon it to form the branch of psychophysics in an attempt to prove the relationship of the mind and body.
2419:...a rejection of any dualism between mind and body, and a consequent insistence on the argument that the body is never simply a physical object but always an embodiment of consciousness.
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On the epiphenomenalist view, mental events play no causal role. Huxley, who held the view, compared mental events to a steam whistle that contributes nothing to the work of a locomotive.
347:
Midline structures in the brainstem and thalamus necessary to regulate the level of brain arousal. Small, bilateral lesions in many of these nuclei cause a global loss of consciousness.
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In Greek “tool” and “organ” are the same word. So we see: ”In the phrase “tool of tools” the first use of the word stands for a living organ, the second for an artificially made tool.
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The mind-brain problem is to explain how the unobservable conscious mind and the observable brain relate to each other: do they interact or does one unilaterally generate the other?
85:, or alcohol) can change one's state of mind in nontrivial ways. Alternatively, therapeutic interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy can change cognition in ways that have
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arousal states involve conscious states that feature specific perceptual content, planning and recollection or even fantasy. Clinicians use scoring systems such as the
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forms, which are seen as necessary preconditions for understanding. Some of these forms, space and time being examples, today seem to be pre-programmed in the brain.
1282:. In his view, the third-world creations of the mind could be interpreted by the second-world mind and used to affect the first-world of matter. An example might be
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In II-4 he says “all natural bodies are tools (organs) of the soul's,” (both as food and as material from which to make tools). In
English we would say that the
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must explain the exact relationship between subjective conscious mental states and brain states formed by electrochemical interactions in the body, the so-called
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408:. Here, "state" refers to different amounts of externalized, physical consciousness: ranging from a total absence in coma, persistent vegetative state and
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Note that if a mind behaves as a windowless monad, there is no need for any other object to exist to create that mind's sense perceptions, leading to a
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Double aspectism is an extension of psychophysical parallelism which also suggests that the mind and body cannot interact, nor can they be separated.
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the mind is not something separate from the body. These approaches have been particularly influential in the sciences, particularly in the fields of
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of these mind–body connections seems unproblematic. Issues arise, however, once one considers what exactly we should make of these relations from a
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since, according to the Buddha, a real self (conceptual self, being the basis of standpoints and views) cannot be found when the mind has clarity.
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These and other questions that discuss the relation between mind and body are questions that all fall under the banner of the 'mind–body problem'.
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there is more than one way in which puzzles about the mind's "causal relevance" to behavior (and to the physical world more generally) can arise.
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Massimini, M.; Tononi, G. (2018). Sizing up
Consciousness: Towards an Objective Measure of the Capacity for Experience. Oxford University Press.
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Ultimately, the Buddha's philosophy is that both mind and forms are conditionally arising qualities of an ever-changing universe in which, when
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autonomous and has no counterpart on the microlevel; any redescription of these macroscopic features amounts to a kind of evisceration, ...
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is a third possible alternative regarding the relation between mind and body, between interaction (dualism) and one-sided action (monism).
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Several philosophical perspectives that have sought to escape the problem by rejecting the mind–body dichotomy have been developed. The
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maintains that there is only one unifying reality as in neutral or substance or essence, in terms of which everything can be explained.
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554:. Descartes believed that the mind was non-physical and permeated the entire body, but that the mind and body interacted via the
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minds and bodies are radically different kinds of substance, however, it is not easy to see how they "could" causally interact.
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K. Marx, A Contribution to the
Critique of Political Economy, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1977, with some notes by R. Rojas.
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3731:. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 2. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 370–457.
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Schiff, Nicholas D. (November 2004), "The neurology of impaired consciousness: Challenges for cognitive neuroscience.", in
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upon the World 2 of the reader's or listener's thoughts; and conversely, when a mathematician follows a proof, his World 2
558:. This theory has changed throughout the years, and in the 20th century its main adherents were the philosopher of science
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189:, suggests that explaining mind–body interaction in terms of "circular causation" is more relevant than linear causation.
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of how mind can interact with the body. Leibniz rejected the idea of physical bodies affecting each other, and explained
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Philosophers David L. Robb and John F. Heil introduce mental causation in terms of the mind–body problem of interaction:
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If the mind and body are a single entity, then are mental events explicable in terms of physical events, or vice versa?
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Kant views the mind–body interaction as taking place through forces that may be of different kinds for mind and body.
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Forming the Mind: Essays on the Internal Senses and the Mind/Body Problem from Avicenna to the Medical Enlightenment
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of an idea that contains two essential parts. The first formal concept of a "mind–body" split may be found in the
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My view is that this gland is the principal seat of the soul, and the place in which all our thoughts are formed.
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Nelson, Alan, ed. (2005). "A Companion to Rationalism". Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. xiv–xvi.
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1208:(1825–1895) the conscious mind was a by-product of the brain that has no influence upon the brain, a so-called
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689:) in the world nevertheless seem to causally interact with each other because they have been programmed by
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1672:(Volume 52 of Advances in Consciousness Research ed.). John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 137–139.
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Robert M. Young (1996). "The mind–body problem". In RC Olby; GN Cantor; JR Christie; MJS Hodges (eds.).
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aspects of the mind–body problem: the worlds of matter, mind, and of the creations of the mind, such as
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Georg Northoff suggests that mental causation is compatible with classical formal and final causality.
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popular in the first and second century AD. These ideas later seem to have been incorporated into
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so does the soul, just as the shape of a building block disappears with destruction of the block.
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Georgiev, Danko D. (2020). "Quantum information theoretic approach to the mind–brain problem".
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Whitehead. The Algebra of Metaphysics. Applied Process Metaphysics Summer Institute Memorandum
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On occasion, Leibniz styled himself as "the author of the system of pre-established harmony".
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Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology - The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Similarly, changing the chemistry of the body (and the brain especially) via drugs (such as
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upon his brain and thus upon World 1. This, then, is the thesis of body–mind interaction.
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of the world; it can only experience shadows. This is determined by Plato's essentially
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1823:. Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 136.
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Each of these categories contains numerous variants. The two main forms of dualism are
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2208:"Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons"
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The following is a very brief account of some contributions to the mind–body problem.
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or scientific perspective. Such reflections quickly raise a number of questions like:
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3854:(Paperback reprint of Routledge 1990 ed.). Taylor and Francis. pp. 702–11.
3798:
3766:
3709:
3676:
3619:
3589:
3558:
3546:
3507:
3207:
3106:
3050:
3049:(Paperback reprint of Routledge 1990 ed.). Taylor and Francis. pp. 702–11.
3021:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2902:
2879:
2869:
2844:
2817:
2757:
2730:
2703:
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2649:
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2516:
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2408:
2347:
2335:
2316:
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2245:
2186:
2171:
2148:
2138:
2113:
2103:
2078:
2068:
2043:
2033:
2008:
1998:
1971:
1924:
1895:
1859:
1834:
1824:
1795:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1673:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1553:
1248:
1129:
1125:
1022:
828:
563:
480:
375:
something, the brain must be in a relatively high state of arousal (sometimes called
250:
241:
107:
If the mind and body are two distinct entities, do the two of them causally interact?
5207:
4130:
1079:
1074:
820:
693:
in advance to "harmonize" with each other. Leibniz's term for these substances was "
551:
39:
5479:
5472:
5437:
5405:
5227:
4884:
4825:
4527:
4512:
4507:
4482:
4442:
4417:
4297:
4267:
4135:
4105:
4085:
3945:
3538:
3411:
3393:
3304:
makes. The hand is not a made tool (it would have to be made by yet another hand).
3199:
2972:
2809:
2613:
2451:
2306:
2235:
2227:
1610:
1209:
784:
749:, section 14. However, he claims that his principle of harmony, according to which
682:
629:
599:
579:
484:
384:
343:
262:
179:
5420:
3740:
3614:(A lecture given in Mannheim, 8 May 1972 ed.). Psychology Press. pp. 29
2550:
2370:
2205:
1944:
5322:
5182:
5142:
4889:
4700:
4650:
4378:
4322:
4282:
4242:
4120:
4025:
3819:
3792:
3703:
3584:
3418:
3400:
3186:
3168:
3150:
3132:
3094:
2751:
2724:
2697:
2670:
2617:
2402:
2062:
1951:
1853:
1536:
1458:
1401:
1369:
1290:) by the second-world mind to suggest modifications of the external first world.
914:
910:
901:
832:
666:
328:
320:
300:
296:
278:
3871:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Anthony Grayling, Julian Baggini & Sue James (
3755:
1923:. Englewood, Colorado: Roberts & Company Publishers. pp. xvi, 97, 104.
5582:
5432:
5327:
5237:
5202:
5172:
5157:
5127:
4899:
4849:
4477:
4388:
4317:
4302:
4272:
4247:
4201:
4186:
4181:
4080:
4020:
4005:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3940:
3751:
3736:
2957:"II—John Cottingham: Descartes and Darwin: Reflections on the Sixth Meditation"
2311:
2294:
2178:
1453:
1034:
984:
852:
788:
771:
639:
635:
496:
472:. Dualism maintains a rigid distinction between the realms of mind and matter.
324:
27:
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
2992:
2883:
2206:
Adamantidis A.R.; Zhang F.; Aravanis A.M.; Deisseroth K.; de Lecea L. (2007).
1573:
491:, which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way;
5743:
5662:
5587:
5540:
5457:
5447:
5352:
5307:
5302:
5277:
5252:
5242:
5222:
5147:
4715:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4343:
4277:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4191:
4150:
4045:
3909:
3834:
2984:
2594:
2456:
2439:
2366:
1426:
1372:; that is, mind is a perfectly ordinary aspect of the brain. Searle proposed
1155:
1149:
800:
767:
743:
universe that consists only of that mind. Leibniz seems to admit this in his
516:
445:
284:
78:
63:
3868:
5617:
5607:
5602:
5565:
5515:
5312:
5292:
5282:
5212:
5132:
4869:
4815:
4140:
4015:
3965:
3644:
3572:
3550:
3476:
2320:
2249:
2166:
1622:
1529:
1514:
1411:
1334:
1322:
1184:
Kant's view of the mind and consciousness of self: Transcendental aesthetic
1179:
1087:
1053: that led into both the Christian sentiments expressed in the later
921:
824:
587:
575:
555:
308:
292:
274:
193:
43:
2813:
2608:
Eccles, John C. (1994), "The Self and Its Brain: The Ultimate Synthesis",
1337:"was seen to have put the final nail in the coffin of Cartesian dualism".
566:. A more recent and popular version of Interactionism is the viewpoint of
30:
5683:
5657:
5467:
5380:
5357:
5332:
5317:
5217:
5192:
5167:
5162:
4502:
4492:
4462:
4437:
4327:
4196:
4095:
4075:
4065:
4035:
3699:
1543:
1468:
1365:
1359:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1244:
988:
961:
918:
883:
is attained, all phenomenal experience ceases to exist. According to the
873:
567:
559:
488:
412:, to a fluctuating, minimally conscious state, such as sleep walking and
218:
Georg Goldenberg, "How the Mind Moves the Body: Lessons From Apraxia" in
122:
Is the relation between mental and physical events something that arises
97:
5287:
2381:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 762.
2231:
5520:
5442:
5342:
5262:
5232:
5187:
4894:
4695:
4660:
4487:
4368:
4348:
4055:
3980:
2778:
1038:
1030:
1018:
1008:
865:
836:
754:
753:
creates the best and most harmonious world possible, dictates that the
699:
674:
3724:
1295:
someone reads a book or listens to a lecture, brain events occur that
1041:
is a modern name for a variety of ancient dualistic ideas inspired by
5592:
5525:
5489:
5152:
5117:
5065:
4909:
4844:
4705:
4645:
4633:
4522:
4237:
4171:
4110:
2271:. Englewood, Colorado: Roberts & Company Publishers. p. 91.
1894:. Englewood, Colorado: Roberts & Company Publishers. p. 16.
1524:
1463:
939:
740:
678:
511:
441:
413:
380:
247:
2612:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 167–183,
1340:
In the chapter "Descartes' Myth," Ryle introduces "the dogma of the
774:
regarded pre-established harmony as "the pillow for the lazy mind".
456:
432:
the cortex and their associated satellite structures, including the
110:
Is it possible for these two distinct entities to causally interact?
74:(in the mind) cause avoidance behaviours (in the body), and so on.
4780:
4735:
4452:
3542:
1605:
1473:
1406:
1058:
1026:
869:
727:
behaves at all times during all interactions that appear to occur.
492:
437:
433:
424:
420:
3741:"Line by Line translation on Aristotle's De Anima, Books I and II"
2082:
2012:
1838:
5535:
4831:
4613:
1286:, an example of the interpretation of the third-world (Maxwell's
1042:
980:
59:
3878:
2152:
2117:
2047:
104:
Are the mind and body two distinct entities, or a single entity?
5652:
4810:
4472:
3727:. In Feigl, Herbert; Scriven, Michael; Maxwell, Grover (eds.).
2032:. Computational Models of Cognition and Perception. MIT Press.
1917:"Chapter 5: What are the neuronal correlates of consciousness?"
1686:
1509:
998:
884:
685:" affects only itself, but all the substances (both bodies and
473:
469:
58:
is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between
2102:. International Library of Philosophy. Taylor \& Francis.
1817:"Chapter 7, How the Mind Moves the Body: Lessons From Apraxia"
1082:(1596–1650) believed that mind exerted control over the brain
5297:
4665:
3535:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition)
3485:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition)
3459:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition)
3436:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition)
3355:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2011 Edition)
3289:
3080:
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition)
2840:
An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Seventh Edition
1283:
1046:
906:
897:
133:
3756:"Line by Line translation on Aristotle's De Anima, Book III"
3675:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 27–28.
876:
involves attending to this constantly changing mind-stream.
464:
A variety of approaches have been proposed. Most are either
5627:
5555:
4859:
4755:
3018:
An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Sixth Edition
2899:
An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Sixth Edition
2863:
2513:
An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Sixth Edition
2488:
An Introduction to the History of Psychology, Sixth Edition
2029:
Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind–Brain
1967:
In search of memory: The emergence of a new science of mind
1734:
In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind
460:
Different approaches toward resolving the mind–body problem
428:
397:
82:
67:
47:
519:, and is a position that generally characterized post-war
116:
Can this interaction ever be an object of empirical study?
4528:
Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
3045:. In RC Olby; GN Cantor; JR Christie; MJS Hodges (eds.).
1819:. In Morsella, E.; Bargh, J.A.; Gollwitzer, P.M. (eds.).
750:
690:
351:
There are two common but distinct dimensions of the term
2134:
Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness
1855:
The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics was Reborn
3787:. Ted Honderich (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3367:
2269:
The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach
1921:
The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach
1892:
The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach
185:
Biologist, theoretical neuroscientist and philosopher,
3291:ὥστε ἡ ψυχὴ ὥσπερ ἡ χείρ ἐστιν· καὶ γὰρ η χεὶρ ὄργανόν
2577:
The self and its brain: an argument for interactionism
1706:. In Susan Pockett; WP Banks; Shaun Gallagher (eds.).
1580:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2020.
4933:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
2722:
1124:
His posited relation between mind and body is called
419:
Many nuclei with distinct chemical signatures in the
3348:
2941:
What the Tortoise Taught Us: The Story of Philosophy
979:
Working in the Aristotelian-influenced tradition of
715:
Leibniz's theory is best known as a solution to the
3605:
3481:"Kant's View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self"
2943:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 133.
2901:. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. pp. 186–188.
2699:
The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are
2515:. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. pp. 121–122.
2404:
The Body and Society: Explorations in Social Theory
1640:
268:
3820:The Body and Society: Exploration in Social Theory
3705:The Mind–Body Problem: A Psychobiological Approach
3528:
3452:
3429:
3368:McInerny, Ralph; O'Callaghan, John (Summer 2018).
2955:
2339:
1888:"Figure 1.1: Neuronal correlates of consciousness"
3526:
42:. Inputs are passed by the sensory organs to the
5741:
3092:
3073:
2924:hrsg. C. Gerhardt, Bd VI 539, 546; and also the
2648:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 240.
2067:. Cambridge University Press. pp. viii–ix.
1788:"Giving up on the hard problem of consciousness"
1701:
392:to assess the level of arousal in patients with
170:David Robb and John Heil, "Mental Causation" in
3849:
3588:, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2010 (
3040:
2437:
2407:(3rd ed.). Sage Publications. p. 78.
2400:
1963:
1757:
3259:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGendlin2012b (
3240:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3020:. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. p. 185.
2054:
2019:
1984:
1785:
1730:
1665:
315:. In this pursuit, neurophilosophers, such as
5081:
3894:
3729:Concepts, Theories, and the Mind–Body Problem
3608:"Notes of a realist on the body–mind problem"
3475:
2490:. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. p. 18.
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2262:
1914:
1885:
1808:
1704:"Consciousness, intentionality and causality"
608:
295:studies the connection scientifically, as do
3497:
2535:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2265:"Figure 5.1 The Cholinergic Enabling System"
1593:Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
999:Influences of Eastern monotheistic religions
208:directly to brain activity remains elusive.
155:puts it forcefully to him in a 1643 letter:
3790:
3668:
3506:. Cambridge University Press. p. 108.
2749:
2124:
2089:
1970:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 382.
1908:
1879:
1584:
1310:Notes of a realist on the body–mind problem
1033:dualism of the ancient Persian religion of
974:
5088:
5074:
3901:
3887:
3852:Companion to the History of Modern Science
3394:Researchgate:Galen and the tripartite soul
3047:Companion to the History of Modern Science
3015:
2953:
2896:
2836:
2726:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
2695:
2510:
2485:
2424:
2060:
2025:
1990:
1814:
1792:Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem
1669:Philosophy of the Brain: The Brain Problem
934:Hylomorphism § Body–soul hylomorphism
645:
134:Mind–body interaction and mental causation
4559:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
3520:
3446:
3086:
2965:Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume
2756:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
2675:(7th ed.). Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
2668:
2455:
2310:
2239:
1604:
697:", which he described in a popular work (
451:
3423:
3254:
3067:
2743:
2365:
1646:
1590:
814:
455:
342:
240:
206:"hard problem" of relating consciousness
29:
3750:
3735:
3491:
3374:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3342:
2716:
2256:
2137:. Science Masters Series. Basic Books.
2130:
2095:
1957:
1784:A term attributed to David Chalmers by
1761:Wittgenstein and the Human Form of Life
1659:
1653:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1578:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
172:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
113:What is the nature of this interaction?
87:downstream effects on the bodily health
14:
5742:
5095:
4569:Higher-order theories of consciousness
3662:
3642:
3599:
3527:Robinson, William (January 27, 2011).
3197:
3180:Sabbasava Sutta: All the Fermentations
3101:(Paperback reprint of 2007 ed.).
2938:
2843:. Cengage Learning. pp. 240–241.
2689:
2662:
2607:
2574:
2440:"The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind"
2394:
2333:
2283:Also see Chapter 5, available on line.
2165:
1994:Brain-Wise: Studies in Neurophilosophy
1851:
1764:. Psychology Press. pp. 108–109.
1695:
383:. Brain arousal level fluctuates in a
338:
5689:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
5069:
4584:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
3882:
3783:Kim, J. (1995). "Mind–Body Problem",
3765:
3722:
3698:
3504:Kant and the Metaphysics of Causality
3469:
3322:
3034:
3011:
3009:
2803:
2723:Russell, S. & Norvig, P. (2010).
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2292:
1724:
1490:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
1368:(b. 1932) the mind–body problem is a
5050:
3204:10.1111/b.9781405109093.2005.00003.x
3126:Nalakalapiyo Sutta: Sheaves of Reeds
2864:Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. (2016).
2633:
1778:
230:
3649:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3643:Tanney, Julia (December 18, 2007).
2971:(1). Oxford University Press: 268.
2783:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2639:
2372:"Parallelism, Psychophysical"
2026:Churchland, Patricia Smith (1989).
1991:Churchland, Patricia Smith (2002).
623:
593:
545:Interactionism (philosophy of mind)
46:, and from there to the immaterial
24:
4875:Subjective character of experience
4771:Neural correlates of consciousness
3453:Lokhorst, Gert-Jan (Nov 5, 2008).
3430:Lokhorst, Gert-Jan (Nov 5, 2008).
3162:The Five Aggregates: A Study Guide
3006:
2776:
2464:
1710:. MIT Press. pp. 4–5, 88–90.
1708:Does Consciousness Cause Behavior?
1243:advocated a sophisticated form of
307:is the interdisciplinary study of
259:neural correlates of consciousness
237:Neural correlates of consciousness
126:at a certain point in development?
25:
5811:
4905:Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation
4554:Damasio's theory of consciousness
3908:
3827:
3794:Essays in the Metaphysics of Mind
3725:"The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'"
3537:. Vol. 1. pp. 539–547.
3463:Lokhorst quotes Descartes in his
3440:Lokhorst quotes Descartes in his
2954:Cuttingham, John (June 1, 2013).
2922:Leibniz Philosophischen Schriften
1037:around the mid-fifth century BC.
723:physical causation in this way.
538:
5049:
5040:
5039:
4967:Journal of Consciousness Studies
4855:Sociology of human consciousness
4691:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
4594:Orchestrated objective reduction
3833:
3455:"Descartes and the Pineal Gland"
3432:"Descartes and the Pineal Gland"
3074:Robinson, Howard (Nov 3, 2011).
3063:from the original on 2007-06-14.
2977:10.1111/j.1467-8349.2013.00229.x
2806:The Mind and its Place in Nature
1954:for a glossary of related terms.
1647:Robb, David; Heil, John (2009).
1615:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.08.002
794:
394:impaired states of consciousness
269:Neurobiology and neurophilosophy
4973:Online Consciousness Conference
4960:How the Self Controls Its Brain
3692:
3636:
3565:
3405:
3387:
3361:
3316:
3248:
3191:
3173:
3155:
3137:
3119:
3103:Springer Science+Business Media
3016:Hergenhahn, Baldwin R. (2009).
2947:
2932:
2915:
2897:Hergenhahn, Baldwin R. (2009).
2890:
2857:
2837:Hergenhahn, Baldwin R. (2013).
2830:
2797:
2770:
2729:(3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
2610:How the SELF Controls Its BRAIN
2601:
2568:
2555:Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
2543:
2511:Hergenhahn, Baldwin, R (2009).
2504:
2486:Hergenhahn, Baldwin R. (2009).
2385:
2359:
2327:
2286:
2199:
2159:
1937:
1845:
1821:Oxford Handbook of Human Action
1063:Platonism in Islamic Philosophy
950:. Regarding the soul, he said:
819:The problem was popularized by
620:communication between the two.
220:Oxford Handbook of Human Action
4619:Altered state of consciousness
3785:Oxford Companion to Philosophy
3412:Early Christian writings:Galen
2646:Oxford Companion to Philosophy
1751:
1566:
1417:Cognitive closure (philosophy)
651:of pre-established harmony is
13:
1:
5546:Hard problem of consciousness
4721:Hard problem of consciousness
4579:Integrated information theory
3349:Shields, Christopher (2011).
3144:Rohitassa Sutta: To Rohitassa
3097:. In Henrik Lagerlund (ed.).
1997:. Bradford Books. MIT Press.
1560:
846:
653:Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
289:hard problem of consciousness
153:Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia
5019:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
5006:The Science of Consciousness
4880:Subjectivity and objectivity
3606:Karl Raimund Popper (1999).
3571:See, e.g., Ronny Desmet and
3533:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3483:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3457:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3434:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3353:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3268:
3078:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
2618:10.1007/978-3-642-49224-2_10
2438:Karunamuni N.D. (May 2015).
1651:. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
1229:
1068:
927:
868:(480–400 B.C.E), founder of
200:has yet to be shown to be a
7:
5012:Understanding Consciousness
4939:Consciousness and Cognition
4927:A Universe of Consciousness
3797:. Oxford University Press.
3612:All Life is Problem Solving
3311:hand is the organ of tools.
3285:the nous is a form of forms
3280:the hand is a tool of tools
3265:
2644:. In Honderich, Ted (ed.).
2551:"Interactionism Philosophy"
2346:(3rd ed.), MIT Press,
2342:The Cognitive Neurosciences
2131:Dennett, Daniel C. (1997).
2096:Dennett, Daniel C. (1986).
1790:. In Jonathan Shear (ed.).
1500:Problem of mental causation
1394:
955:spoken of is the actuality.
402:persistent vegetative state
145:problem of mental causation
10:
5816:
4986:The Astonishing Hypothesis
4681:Disorders of consciousness
3777:Cambridge University Press
3290:
2804:Broad, C.D. (2014-06-03).
2579:. Springer International.
1815:Goldenberg, Georg (2008).
1794:. MIT Press. p. 109.
1532:(self-reflective thoughts)
1357:
1320:
1263:
1233:
1197:
1147:
1072:
1002:
931:
895:
850:
798:
757:(internal states) of each
627:
615:Psychophysical parallelism
612:
609:Psychophysical parallelism
597:
562:and the neurophysiologist
542:
530:
501:Psychophysical parallelism
272:
234:
5709:
5676:
5503:
5373:
5268:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
5258:David Lewis (philosopher)
5103:
5035:
4918:
4766:Minimally conscious state
4676:Consciousness after death
4606:
4536:
4408:
4401:
4336:
4230:
4164:
3923:
3916:
3093:Henrik Lagerlund (2010).
2785:. University of Bielefeld
2099:Content and Consciousness
2061:Churchland, Paul (2007).
1702:Walter J Freeman (2009).
1480:Neuroscience of free will
1353:
1259:
1193:
659:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
406:minimally conscious state
265:of subjective phenomena.
4629:Artificial consciousness
4146:William Kingdon Clifford
3351:"Aristotle's Psychology"
3041:Robert M. Young (1996).
2575:Popper, Karl R. (1977).
2457:10.1177/2158244015583860
2401:Bryan S. Turner (2008).
2312:10.1093/brain/124.7.1263
2173:Fundamental neuroscience
1964:Kandel, Eric R. (2007).
1758:Oswald Hanfling (2002).
1737:. WW Norton. p. 9.
1520:Sacred–profane dichotomy
1432:Consciousness in animals
1247:that has been called by
1166:there exists a world of
975:Medieval Aristotelianism
891:
746:Discourse on Metaphysics
365:content of consciousness
363:and the other involving
5396:Eliminative materialism
4946:Consciousness Explained
4865:Stream of consciousness
4840:Secondary consciousness
4564:Global workspace theory
4549:Dynamic core hypothesis
4544:Attention schema theory
4518:Revisionary materialism
4433:Eliminative materialism
3956:Charles Augustus Strong
3723:Feigl, Herbert (1958).
3206:(inactive 2024-09-12).
3043:"The mind–body problem"
2939:Porter, Burton (2010).
2378:Encyclopædia Britannica
2064:Neurophilosophy at Work
1786:Eugene O Mills (1999).
1731:Eric R. Kandel (2007).
1666:Georg Northoff (2004).
1655:(Summer 2009 ed.).
1316:
1143:
780:Metaphysical Meditation
663:pre-established harmony
646:Pre-established harmony
584:evolutionary psychology
379:), whether awake or in
361:states of consciousness
5795:Philosophical problems
5648:Propositional attitude
5643:Problem of other minds
5551:Hypostatic abstraction
5000:The Emperor's New Mind
4806:Problem of other minds
4741:Introspection illusion
4574:Holonomic brain theory
3931:Alfred North Whitehead
3500:"Causality in context"
3370:"Saint Thomas Aquinas"
2450:(2): 215824401558386.
2263:Christof Koch (2004).
1915:Christof Koch (2004).
1886:Christof Koch (2004).
1505:Problem of other minds
1422:Cognitive neuroscience
1392:
1351:
1314:
1288:electromagnetic theory
1274:(1902–1994) there are
1241:Alfred North Whitehead
1236:Alfred North Whitehead
1227:
1188:
1122:
1105:
968:
670:
521:Continental philosophy
508:historical materialism
461:
452:Theoretical frameworks
348:
254:
224:
176:
162:
51:
5775:History of psychology
5719:Philosophers category
5623:Mental representation
5386:Biological naturalism
5273:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
5248:Frank Cameron Jackson
4801:Primary consciousness
4686:Divided consciousness
4589:Multiple drafts model
4091:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
3869:The Mind/Body Problem
3839:Consciousness Studies
3498:Eric Watkins (2004).
3331:431b230–432a14.
2814:10.4324/9781315824147
2642:"Emergent properties"
2640:Kim, Jaegwan (1995).
2336:Gazzaniga, Michael S.
1540:(book on the subject)
1378:
1374:biological naturalism
1346:
1292:
1214:
1172:
1106:
1092:
952:
857:Buddhism and the body
837:Avicennian philosophy
815:Historical background
703:§7) as "windowless".
459:
346:
244:
210:
157:
140:
33:
18:The mind-body problem
5401:Emergent materialism
4953:Cosmic Consciousness
4791:Philosophical zombie
4731:Higher consciousness
4624:Animal consciousness
4428:Double-aspect theory
3961:Christopher Peacocke
3791:Jaegwon Kim (2010).
3669:Joshua Rust (2009).
3479:(October 20, 2008).
3465:Passions of the Soul
2750:Dawkins, R. (2006).
1549:Vertiginous question
1485:Philosophical zombie
1342:Ghost in the machine
1327:With his 1949 book,
1117:Passions of the Soul
1055:Augustinian theodicy
1021:, dualism denotes a
1015:religious philosophy
946:is a faculty of the
827:, which resulted in
5780:Metaphysics of mind
5598:Language of thought
5348:Ludwig Wittgenstein
5178:Patricia Churchland
4726:Heterophenomenology
4639:Attentional control
4288:Lawrence Weiskrantz
4116:Patricia Churchland
3951:Brian O'Shaughnessy
3936:Arthur Schopenhauer
3772:Aristotle, De Anima
2696:LeDoux, J. (2002).
2232:10.1038/nature06310
2224:2007Natur.450..420A
1852:Gilder, L. (2009).
1330:The Concept of Mind
1206:Thomas Henry Huxley
1200:Thomas Henry Huxley
1158:(1724–1804) beyond
1005:Dualistic cosmology
808:Nicolas Malebranche
681:under which every "
671:harmonie préétablie
339:Arousal and content
317:Patricia Churchland
5770:Enactive cognition
5426:Neurophenomenology
5097:Philosophy of mind
5026:Wider than the Sky
4993:The Conscious Mind
4796:Philosophy of mind
4776:Neurophenomenology
4751:Locked-in syndrome
4746:Knowledge argument
4410:Philosophy of mind
4031:George Henry Lewes
4001:Douglas Hofstadter
3583:2017-07-27 at the
3530:"Epiphenomenalism"
3417:2017-05-31 at the
3399:2017-05-31 at the
3185:2006-06-25 at the
3167:2002-09-17 at the
3149:2011-05-12 at the
3131:2016-05-03 at the
2779:"Epiphenomenalism"
2702:. Viking Penguin.
2669:Pinel, J. (2009).
2293:Zeman, A. (2001).
1950:2013-03-13 at the
1649:"Mental Causation"
1476:(Buddhist concept)
1449:Embodied cognition
1437:Downward causation
1253:panexperientialism
1221:William Robinson,
1136:was distinct from
735:state of her hand.
462:
410:general anesthesia
390:Glasgow Coma Scale
371:. To be conscious
349:
313:philosophy of mind
255:
52:
5785:Mind–body problem
5737:
5736:
5633:Mind–body problem
5531:Cognitive closure
5495:Substance dualism
5113:G. E. M. Anscombe
5063:
5062:
4761:Mind–body problem
4711:Flash suppression
4671:Cartesian theater
4656:Binocular rivalry
4602:
4601:
4468:Mind–body dualism
4397:
4396:
4384:Victor J. Stenger
4359:Erwin Schrödinger
4313:Stanislas Dehaene
4293:Michael Gazzaniga
4177:Donald D. Hoffman
4061:John Polkinghorne
4041:Gottfried Leibniz
3804:978-0-19-162506-0
3715:978-1-4831-5012-3
3594:978-2-930517-08-7
3257:, p. 121–122
3229:Missing or empty
3213:978-1-4051-0909-3
3027:978-0-495-50621-8
2908:978-0-495-50621-8
2875:978-2-346-03192-4
2850:978-1-133-95809-3
2709:978-88-7078-795-5
2627:978-3-642-49226-6
2522:978-0-495-50621-8
2497:978-0-495-50621-8
2353:978-0-262-07254-0
2192:978-0-12-374019-9
1865:978-1-4000-9526-1
1858:. Vintage Books.
1554:William H. Poteat
1249:David Ray Griffin
1130:substance dualism
1126:Cartesian dualism
1051:"tripartite soul"
1023:binary opposition
861:Pratītyasamutpāda
839:, and in earlier
835:philosophers, in
829:Cartesian dualism
717:mind–body problem
564:John Carew Eccles
481:substance dualism
263:neural correlates
251:pyramidal neurons
231:Neural correlates
187:Walter J. Freeman
56:mind–body problem
36:mind–body dualism
16:(Redirected from
5807:
5485:Representational
5480:Property dualism
5473:Type physicalism
5438:New mysterianism
5406:Epiphenomenalism
5228:Martin Heidegger
5090:
5083:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5043:
5042:
4885:Unconscious mind
4513:Reflexive monism
4508:Property dualism
4483:New mysterianism
4443:Epiphenomenalism
4423:Computationalism
4418:Anomalous monism
4406:
4405:
4298:Michael Graziano
4268:Francisco Varela
4172:Carl Gustav Jung
4136:Thomas Metzinger
4106:Martin Heidegger
4086:Kenneth M. Sayre
3946:Bertrand Russell
3921:
3920:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3875:, Jan. 13, 2005)
3865:
3837:
3815:Turner, Bryan S.
3808:
3780:
3762:
3760:
3747:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3687:
3686:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3603:
3597:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3532:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3473:
3467:
3462:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3427:
3421:
3409:
3403:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3346:
3340:
3320:
3314:
3295:
3294:
3264:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3195:
3189:
3177:
3171:
3159:
3153:
3141:
3135:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3013:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2753:The Selfish Gene
2747:
2741:
2740:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2483:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2305:(7): 1263–1289.
2290:
2284:
2282:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2177:(3rd ed.).
2176:
2167:Squire, Larry R.
2163:
2157:
2156:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1961:
1955:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1443:Descartes' Error
1390:
1312:
1225:
1223:Epiphenomenalism
1186:
1120:
1114:René Descartes,
1103:
1099:René Descartes,
966:
915:abstract reality
841:Asian traditions
785:Deus sive Natura
630:Double aspectism
624:Double aspectism
600:Epiphenomenalism
594:Epiphenomenalism
580:computer science
485:property dualism
385:circadian rhythm
369:conscious states
355:, one involving
222:
180:neurophilosopher
174:
92:In general, the
34:Illustration of
21:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5705:
5672:
5618:Mental property
5511:Abstract object
5499:
5369:
5323:Wilfrid Sellars
5198:Donald Davidson
5183:Paul Churchland
5143:George Berkeley
5099:
5094:
5064:
5059:
5031:
4914:
4890:Unconsciousness
4701:Explanatory gap
4651:Binding problem
4598:
4532:
4393:
4379:Susan Blackmore
4332:
4323:Stuart Hameroff
4243:Antonio Damasio
4226:
4222:Wolfgang Köhler
4160:
4121:Paul Churchland
4026:George Berkeley
3996:Donald Davidson
3912:
3907:
3862:
3830:
3805:
3758:
3743:
3716:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3641:
3637:
3626:
3604:
3600:
3585:Wayback Machine
3570:
3566:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3496:
3492:
3474:
3470:
3451:
3447:
3442:Treatise of Man
3428:
3424:
3419:Wayback Machine
3410:
3406:
3401:Wayback Machine
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3362:
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3329:
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3305:
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3298:
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3279:
3267:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3196:
3192:
3187:Wayback Machine
3178:
3174:
3169:Wayback Machine
3160:
3156:
3151:Wayback Machine
3142:
3138:
3133:Wayback Machine
3124:
3120:
3113:
3091:
3087:
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2995:
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2802:
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2606:
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2587:
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2505:
2498:
2484:
2465:
2436:
2425:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2332:
2328:
2295:"Consciousness"
2291:
2287:
2279:
2261:
2257:
2218:(7168): 420–4.
2204:
2200:
2193:
2164:
2160:
2145:
2129:
2125:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2040:
2024:
2020:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1952:Wayback Machine
1942:
1938:
1931:
1913:
1909:
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1884:
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1664:
1660:
1645:
1641:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1459:Explanatory gap
1402:Binding problem
1397:
1391:
1385:
1370:false dichotomy
1362:
1356:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1268:
1262:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1202:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1152:
1146:
1132:. He held that
1121:
1113:
1104:
1101:Treatise of Man
1098:
1077:
1071:
1011:
1003:Main articles:
1001:
977:
967:
959:
936:
930:
904:
902:Theory of forms
894:
863:
849:
817:
803:
797:
648:
632:
626:
617:
611:
602:
596:
547:
541:
533:
454:
341:
321:Paul Churchland
305:Neurophilosophy
301:neuropsychiatry
297:neuropsychology
281:
279:Neurophilosophy
273:Main articles:
271:
239:
233:
223:
217:
175:
169:
136:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5813:
5803:
5802:
5800:René Descartes
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5750:Baruch Spinoza
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Mental process
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Intentionality
5580:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5433:Neutral monism
5430:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5416:Interactionism
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5328:Baruch Spinoza
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5238:Edmund Husserl
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5208:René Descartes
5205:
5203:Daniel Dennett
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:David Chalmers
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Franz Brentano
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5138:Alexander Bain
5135:
5130:
5128:Thomas Aquinas
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:Visual masking
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:Sentiocentrism
4847:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
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4540:
4538:
4534:
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4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:Neutral monism
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4458:Interactionism
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4389:Wolfgang Pauli
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Steven Laureys
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Patrick Wilken
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:Gerald Edelman
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:Benjamin Libet
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Max Wertheimer
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Gustav Fechner
4184:
4182:Franz Brentano
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4156:William Seager
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4131:René Descartes
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4081:Keith Frankish
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4021:Galen Strawson
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Edmund Husserl
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3986:David Papineau
3983:
3978:
3976:David Chalmers
3973:
3971:Daniel Dennett
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3941:Baruch Spinoza
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:978-0415145787
3860:
3847:
3842:
3829:
3828:External links
3826:
3825:
3824:
3812:
3809:
3803:
3788:
3781:
3763:
3752:Gendlin, E. T.
3748:
3737:Gendlin, E. T.
3733:
3720:
3714:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:978-0826497529
3681:
3661:
3645:"Gilbert Ryle"
3635:
3625:978-0415174862
3624:
3598:
3564:
3543:10.1002/wcs.19
3519:
3513:978-0521543613
3512:
3490:
3468:
3445:
3422:
3404:
3386:
3360:
3341:
3315:
3247:
3212:
3190:
3172:
3154:
3136:
3118:
3112:978-9048175307
3111:
3095:"Introduction"
3085:
3066:
3056:978-0415145787
3055:
3033:
3026:
3005:
2946:
2931:
2914:
2907:
2889:
2874:
2866:La Monadologie
2856:
2849:
2829:
2822:
2796:
2777:Walter, Sven.
2769:
2763:978-0199291144
2762:
2742:
2736:978-0136042594
2735:
2715:
2708:
2688:
2682:978-0205548927
2681:
2661:
2654:
2632:
2626:
2600:
2585:
2567:
2542:
2521:
2503:
2496:
2463:
2423:
2414:978-1412929875
2413:
2393:
2384:
2369:, ed. (1911).
2367:Chisholm, Hugh
2358:
2352:
2326:
2285:
2278:978-0974707709
2277:
2255:
2198:
2191:
2179:Academic Press
2158:
2143:
2123:
2108:
2088:
2073:
2053:
2038:
2018:
2003:
1983:
1977:978-0393329377
1976:
1956:
1936:
1930:978-0974707709
1929:
1907:
1901:978-0974707709
1900:
1878:
1864:
1844:
1829:
1807:
1801:978-0262692212
1800:
1777:
1771:978-0415256452
1770:
1750:
1744:978-0393329377
1743:
1723:
1717:978-0262512572
1716:
1694:
1679:978-1588114174
1678:
1658:
1639:
1583:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
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1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Existentialism
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1383:
1358:Main article:
1355:
1352:
1321:Main article:
1318:
1315:
1305:
1264:Main article:
1261:
1258:
1234:Main article:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1198:Main article:
1195:
1192:
1176:
1148:Main article:
1145:
1142:
1111:
1096:
1080:René Descartes
1075:René Descartes
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1035:Zoroastrianism
1000:
997:
985:Thomas Aquinas
976:
973:
957:
932:Main article:
929:
926:
893:
890:
853:Gautama Buddha
848:
845:
831:, also by pre-
821:René Descartes
816:
813:
799:Main article:
796:
793:
789:Baruch Spinoza
772:Martin Knutzen
737:
736:
647:
644:
640:Gustav Fechner
636:Baruch Spinoza
628:Main article:
625:
622:
613:Main article:
610:
607:
598:Main article:
595:
592:
552:René Descartes
543:Main article:
540:
539:Interactionism
537:
532:
529:
497:neutral monism
453:
450:
398:comatose state
340:
337:
325:Daniel Dennett
270:
267:
235:Main article:
232:
229:
215:
167:
135:
132:
128:
127:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
79:antipsychotics
40:René Descartes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5812:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Consciousness
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:Understanding
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:Introspection
5586:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5541:Consciousness
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Phenomenology
5461:
5459:
5458:Phenomenalism
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5448:Occasionalism
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5421:Naïve realism
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Functionalism
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Stephen Yablo
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5308:Richard Rorty
5306:
5304:
5303:Hilary Putnam
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:Marvin Minsky
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5253:Immanuel Kant
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:William James
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Henri Bergson
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5056:
5048:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
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4873:
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4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
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4841:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:Phenomenology
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4716:Hallucination
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Functionalism
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4374:Roger Penrose
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Marvin Minsky
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Eugene Wigner
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Annaka Harris
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Giulio Tononi
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Francis Crick
4261:
4259:
4258:Christof Koch
4256:
4254:
4253:Bernard Baars
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:William James
4215:
4213:
4212:Wilhelm Wundt
4210:
4208:
4207:Sigmund Freud
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Julian Jaynes
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:William Lycan
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:Joseph Levine
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Immanuel Kant
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:Frank Jackson
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:Consciousness
3904:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:(edited by),
3574:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:Brook, Andrew
3472:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3293:ἐστιν ὀργάνων
3286:
3281:
3276:the hand is;
3275:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3255:Gendlin 2012b
3251:
3243:
3236:
3223:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3108:
3105:. p. 3.
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3010:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2823:9781315824147
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2672:Psychobiology
2665:
2657:
2655:9780198661320
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2586:0-415-05898-8
2582:
2578:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2144:9780465073511
2140:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:9780415104319
2105:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2074:9780521864725
2070:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:9780262530859
2035:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:9780262532006
2000:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1932:
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1389:
1386:Joshua Rust,
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1361:
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1308:Karl Popper,
1304:
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1210:epiphenomenon
1207:
1201:
1191:
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1175:
1171:
1169:
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1161:
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1156:Immanuel Kant
1151:
1150:Immanuel Kant
1141:
1139:
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982:
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965:ii 1, 412b6–9
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942:(384–322 BC)
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801:Occasionalism
795:Occasionalism
792:
790:
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777:In his sixth
775:
773:
770:'s professor
769:
768:Immanuel Kant
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588:neurosciences
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517:structuralism
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353:consciousness
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285:consciousness
283:A science of
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65:
64:consciousness
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5699: /
5695: /
5691: /
5632:
5608:Mental image
5603:Mental event
5566:Intelligence
5516:Chinese room
5362:
5313:Gilbert Ryle
5293:Derek Parfit
5283:Thomas Nagel
5213:Fred Dretske
5133:J. L. Austin
5105:Philosophers
5024:
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4991:
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4870:Subconscious
4830:
4816:Quantum mind
4760:
4308:Roger Sperry
4283:Karl Pribram
4231:Neuroscience
4141:Thomas Nagel
4016:Fred Dretske
3991:David Pearce
3966:Colin McGinn
3872:
3851:
3841:at Wikibooks
3818:
3793:
3784:
3771:
3767:Hicks, R. D.
3728:
3708:. Elsevier.
3704:
3700:Bunge, Mario
3693:Bibliography
3671:
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3648:
3638:
3629:
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3611:
3601:
3576:
3573:Michel Weber
3567:
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2968:
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2554:
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1986:
1966:
1959:
1939:
1920:
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1891:
1881:
1871:November 11,
1869:. Retrieved
1854:
1847:
1820:
1810:
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1642:
1634:
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1592:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1537:The Mind's I
1535:
1530:Strange loop
1515:Reductionism
1441:
1412:Chinese room
1387:
1379:
1363:
1347:
1339:
1335:Gilbert Ryle
1328:
1326:
1323:Gilbert Ryle
1309:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1275:
1269:
1251:
1239:
1222:
1215:
1203:
1189:
1183:
1180:Andrew Brook
1173:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1088:pineal gland
1083:
1078:
1050:
1012:
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969:
960:
953:
947:
943:
937:
922:epistemology
905:
878:
864:
833:Aristotelian
825:17th century
818:
804:
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776:
766:
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744:
738:
730:An example:
729:
725:
720:
716:
714:
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705:
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657:
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576:sociobiology
572:
556:pineal gland
548:
534:
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396:such as the
393:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
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350:
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309:neuroscience
304:
293:Neurobiology
282:
275:Neurobiology
258:
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201:
197:
194:neuroscience
191:
184:
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171:
163:
158:
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123:
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93:
91:
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44:pineal gland
5765:Dichotomies
5693:information
5684:Metaphysics
5658:Tabula rasa
5468:Physicalism
5453:Parallelism
5381:Behaviorism
5338:Michael Tye
5333:Alan Turing
5318:John Searle
5193:Dharmakirti
5168:Tyler Burge
5163:C. D. Broad
4503:Physicalism
4498:Parallelism
4493:Panpsychism
4463:Materialism
4438:Emergentism
4328:Wolf Singer
4197:Kurt Koffka
4126:Philip Goff
4101:Michael Tye
4096:Max Velmans
4076:Karl Popper
4066:John Searle
4051:John Eccles
4036:Georges Rey
3873:In Our Time
3672:John Searle
1544:Turing test
1469:Ideasthesia
1388:John Searle
1366:John Searle
1360:John Searle
1280:mathematics
1272:Karl Popper
1266:Karl Popper
1245:panpsychism
1017:of Eastern
989:physicalism
874:mindfulness
755:perceptions
741:solipsistic
568:emergentism
560:Karl Popper
489:physicalism
248:neocortical
5744:Categories
5729:Task Force
5697:perception
5571:Artificial
5521:Creativity
5443:Nondualism
5343:Vasubandhu
5263:John Locke
5233:David Hume
5188:Andy Clark
4895:Upanishads
4696:Experience
4661:Blindsight
4488:Nondualism
4369:Max Planck
4349:David Bohm
4165:Psychology
4056:John Locke
3981:David Hume
3924:Philosophy
3379:7 November
3323:Hicks 1907
2993:5884450451
2927:New Essays
2884:1041048644
2181:. p.
2083:2006014487
2013:2002066024
1839:2008004997
1606:2012.07836
1561:References
1376:in 1980.
1039:Gnosticism
1031:secularity
1019:monotheism
1009:Gnosticism
896:See also:
866:The Buddha
851:See also:
847:The Buddha
700:Monadology
586:, and the
404:, and the
204:, and the
70:and body.
5755:Cognition
5593:Intuition
5526:Cognition
5490:Solipsism
5153:Ned Block
5123:Armstrong
5118:Aristotle
4910:Yogachara
4845:Sentience
4706:Free will
4646:Awareness
4634:Attention
4523:Solipsism
4238:Anil Seth
4111:Ned Block
3559:239938469
3339:acquired.
3222:cite book
3076:"Dualism"
2998:April 30,
2985:0309-7013
2868:. BnF-P.
2595:180195035
2531:cite book
2444:SAGE Open
1631:221237249
1599:: 16–32.
1574:"Dualism"
1525:Sentience
1495:Pluralism
1464:Free will
1230:Whitehead
1069:Descartes
940:Aristotle
928:Aristotle
683:substance
679:causation
512:Karl Marx
442:claustrum
416:seizure.
414:epileptic
381:REM sleep
377:vigilance
94:existence
5714:Category
5561:Identity
5504:Concepts
5374:Theories
5358:Zhuangzi
5288:Alva Noë
5045:Category
4781:Ontology
4736:Illusion
4453:Idealism
4402:Theories
3817:(1996).
3769:(1907).
3754:(2012).
3739:(2012).
3702:(2014).
3581:Archived
3551:26271501
3415:Archived
3397:Archived
3183:Archived
3165:Archived
3147:Archived
3129:Archived
3061:Archived
2321:11408323
2250:17943086
2169:(2008).
2153:96164655
2118:72436737
2048:85023706
1948:Archived
1623:32822698
1474:Namarupa
1407:Bodymind
1395:See also
1384:—
1349:mistake.
1306:—
1219:—
1177:—
1168:a priori
1112:—
1097:—
1059:Avicenna
1027:divinity
962:De Anima
958:—
870:Buddhism
707:of pain
493:idealism
444:and the
438:thalamus
434:amygdala
425:midbrain
421:thalamus
216:—
168:—
165:variety.
5724:Project
5677:Related
5536:Concept
5391:Dualism
5364:more...
5223:Goldman
5055:Commons
4832:Purusha
4821:Reentry
4614:Agnosia
4537:Science
3917:Figures
3266:432a1-2
2789:17 July
2560:17 July
2338:(ed.),
2241:6744371
2220:Bibcode
1043:Judaism
993:dualism
981:Thomism
881:nirvāna
823:in the
673:) is a
531:Dualism
466:dualist
357:arousal
329:complex
202:process
124:de novo
60:thought
5668:Zombie
5653:Qualia
4979:Psyche
4826:Sakshi
4811:Qualia
4607:Topics
4473:Monism
4337:Others
3858:
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3654:May 2,
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3327:p. 542
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1687:qualia
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1629:
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1510:Qualia
1354:Searle
1260:Popper
1194:Huxley
1164:matter
1138:matter
1109:limbs.
885:anattā
859:, and
709:caused
695:monads
667:French
474:Monism
470:monist
400:, the
48:spirit
5576:Human
5298:Plato
5218:Fodor
4919:Works
4666:Brain
3759:(PDF)
3744:(PDF)
3555:S2CID
3336:forms
3282:, and
3270:Hence
2961:(pdf)
2299:Brain
1627:S2CID
1601:arXiv
1284:radio
1276:three
1047:Galen
911:Forms
907:Plato
898:Plato
892:Plato
759:monad
687:minds
83:SSRIs
5701:self
5638:Pain
5628:Mind
5556:Idea
4860:Soul
4756:Mind
3856:ISBN
3799:ISBN
3710:ISBN
3677:ISBN
3656:2021
3620:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3547:PMID
3508:ISBN
3381:2018
3261:help
3242:link
3235:help
3208:ISBN
3107:ISBN
3051:ISBN
3022:ISBN
3000:2021
2989:OCLC
2981:ISSN
2903:ISBN
2880:OCLC
2870:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2791:2020
2758:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2704:ISBN
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2650:ISBN
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2581:ISBN
2562:2020
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2246:PMID
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2009:LCCN
1999:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1945:here
1943:See
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