595:
even a double exchange sacrifice was successful). A common example of this idea is the elimination an opponent's bishop, with the expectation that in doing so one's own bishop will increase in power from being unopposed on the color squares in which it resides. There is often more dynamic play and positional considerations such as pawn structure or piece placement compared to sacrifices due to a mating attack or a pawn sacrifice to gain the initiative. Sometimes the exchange can be sacrificed purely on long term positional objectives, as frequently demonstrated by former world champion
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pawn - or even the exchange in a middlegame position. Adding the better cooperation of the rook with the bishops, many Soviet theoreticians believed that, in active positions, rook and two bishops outperform two rooks and a knight. The modern consensus is that the side with the two bishops need at least a pawn when facing rook and knight, even then the side with the two bishops is
197:. The exchange is barely worth 1½ points when there are 14 or more pawns on the board. Only when there are ten or fewer pawns may the exchange be worth 2 points . Purdy gave the value as 1½ points in the opening and increasing to 2 points in the endgame. In the middlegame the value would be closer to 1½ than to 2.
581:
in that during the early-middle to middle game the board is sufficiently crowded to where the rook is not as effective as an active knight or a good bishop; this is why such exchange sacrifices happen usually from moves 20 to 30, and rarely occur in the later moves. When they do occur in the endgame,
249:
In the endgame of a rook and a pawn versus a bishop and pawn, if the pawns are on the same file, the bishop has good chances to draw if the pawns are blocked and the opposing pawn is on a square the bishop can attack; otherwise the rook usually wins. If the pawns are passed the rook normally wins.
2798:
of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century claimed that two bishops versus rook and knight were equivalent. Today, the view is that a pair of bishops shouldn't be underestimated, but the rook and knight are still superior. A pair of active bishops is frequently adequate compensation for a
594:
system and takes advantage of the fluctuating values of the pieces during the progression of the game. The sacrifice might also be used to increase the influence of one's own minor pieces by eliminating opposition from their counterparts (such as in the
Petrosian versus Spassky game below, where
2818:
has stated that from his study of this endgame that an unusually large proportion of queen and knight versus queen and bishop endings are drawn, and that most decisive games are characterized by the winning side having one or more obvious advantages (for example, having a knight against a
235:). The most common exceptions when there are no pawns are (1) a rook versus a bishop in which the defending king is trapped in a corner of the same color as his bishop, (2) a knight separated from its king that may be cornered and lost, and (3) the king and knight are poorly placed.
2843:
agrees with that assessment for endgames. He could not find an endgame by
Capablanca that supported his statement. The statistics for queen and bishop versus queen and knight endgames are about even. Most decisive games were won because of a significant advantage from the
1308:
on d5. From there the knight will be attacking the pawn on c3, and if the white bishop on b2 does not move to d2, it will be of little use. In addition, it will be practically impossible to break Black's defense on the white squares. The next few moves were:
1270:
from 1963 to 1969, was well known for his especially creative use of this device. He once responded (only half jokingly), when asked what was his favourite piece, as saying "The rook, because I can sacrifice it for minor pieces!" In the game
221:
puts the difference between a rook and knight as 1.9 pawns and the difference between a rook and a bishop as 1.77 pawns. In practice, one pawn may be sufficient compensation for the loss of the exchange, whereas two pawns almost always is.
230:
In the middlegame, the advantage of an exchange is usually enough to win the game if the side with the rook has one or more pawns. In an endgame without pawns, the advantage of the exchange is normally not enough to win (see
82:. The opposing captures often happen on consecutive moves, but this is not strictly necessary. Although it is generally detrimental to lose the exchange, one may occasionally find reason to purposely do so; the result is an
2475:
tend to get traded, removing support points from the knight and opening up lines for the bishop. This generally leads to the bishop's advantage increasing over time. In general, bishops have relatively higher value in an
512:
In an endgame with more pawns on the board (i.e. a rook and pawns versus a minor piece with the same number of pawns) the rook usually wins. This position is typical. The superior side should remember these things:
2839:). Watson states that positions in this endgame in general "are very volatile, and often the winning side is simply the one who starts out being able to win material or launch an attack on the opposing king".
1279:
in Zurich, he sacrificed the exchange on move 25, only for his opponent to sacrifice it in return on move 30. This game is perhaps the most famous and most frequently taught example of the exchange sacrifice.
2511:
school favored the knight over the bishop. Modern theory is that it depends on the position, but that there are more positions where the bishop is better than where the knight is better.
189:
said that the value depends on the total number of pawns on the board. The reason is that when there are many pawns, the rooks will have limited mobility because there will not be open
538:
If the minor piece has an extra pawn (i.e. one pawn for the exchange), the rook should win, but with difficulty. If the minor piece has two extra pawns, the endgame should be a
2051:
because the position was a winning endgame for White (two knights and five pawns versus one knight and four pawns). Petrosian won the match by one game to retain his title.
570:
a knight on c3 with a rook), to establish a minor piece on a strong square (often threatening the enemy king), to improve one's own pawn structure (creating, for example,
2400:. As compensation for the sacrifice, Black became weak on the white squares, which were dominated by White's bishop. The exchange sacrifice also deprived Black of the
2043:
Black is helpless, despite being two exchanges ahead. White won back an exchange on move 29. On move 30 White forced the win of the other rook and the exchange of
4127:
2436:. Black missed a better 28th move after which White could have forced a draw, but would have had no clear advantage. White won the game on move 38.
2514:
Occasions when a knight can be worth more than a bishop are frequent, so this exchange is not necessarily made at every opportunity to do so.
2471:
In most chess positions, a bishop is worth slightly more than a knight because of its longer range of movement. As a chess game progresses,
5356:
19:
This article is about the specific exchange of a minor piece for a rook. For the general concept of exchanging pieces in chess, see
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position, or having a bishop in a position with pawns on both sides of the board, particularly if the knight has no natural
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put the value at 1½ in the middlegame and said that two pawns are more than sufficient compensation for the exchange.
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If the pawns are not passed and are on adjacent files, it is difficult to assess but the bishop may be able to draw.
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such as in A Yurgis–Botvinnik, 1931), or to gain time for development. The exchange sacrifice contrasts with other
5336:
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5134:
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145:
The value of the exchange (i.e. the difference between a rook and a minor piece) has been considered for decades.
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3832:
185:
said that a rook is slightly better than a knight and two pawns but slightly worse than a bishop and two pawns.
5316:
5306:
5301:
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209:'s computer research puts the value as 1¾ pawns, but only 1¼ pawns if the player with the minor piece has the
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1982:
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stated that a queen and knight work better together than a queen and bishop in the endgame. More recently,
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the rook is much stronger and should win. If the pawns are not passed, the side with knight has good
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2015:
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3506:
Practical
Endgame Play – beyond the basics: the definitive guide to the endgames that really matter
1267:
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try to keep the position unbalanced. A passed pawn almost immediately becomes a winning advantage.
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5555:
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2402:
211:
48:
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2410:
590:. Subsequently, the relative importance of the pieces might be different from the standardized
554:
occurs when one player gives up a rook for a minor piece. It is often used to destroy the enemy
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and only a limited number of positions show an inherent superiority for one over the other.
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62:). Having a rook for a minor piece is generally advantageous, since the rook is usually
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4993:
4634:
4522:
4485:
4134:
4002:
3170:
3104:
2433:
2810:
A rook and bishop usually work better together than a rook and knight in the endgame.
174:
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146:
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reckoned that often two bishops and two pawns are superior against rook and knight.
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2500:
1986:
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92:
20:
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1305:
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520:
force as many opposing pawns as possible onto the same color square as the bishop
238:
In the endgame of a rook and a pawn versus a knight and a pawn, if the pawns are
170:
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in this position for the rooks to exploit. Black sacrificed the exchange with
555:
59:
55:
95:" or "an exchange", which refers to the loss and subsequent gain of arbitrary
5600:
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1990:
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100:
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43:
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With the rook not on e7, the black knight will be able to get to a strong
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96:
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The bishop pair and two pawns in return is often more than sufficient
5511:
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4800:
4403:
4398:
4287:
4262:
3987:
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3477:
3406:
2830:
2487:
2459:
2403:
2396:, White sacrificed a pure exchange (rook for a bishop) with the move
212:
49:
5389:
2822:
2411:
120:
is the exchange of a bishop for a knight. This term is rarely used.
5199:
4247:
3452:
2800:
2479:
1993:
contained two exchange sacrifices by White. Black had just moved
202:
2427:
565:
517:
the main idea is to get the king through to capture opposing pawns
106:
37:
3921:
2507:
puts more value on the bishop than the knight. In contrast, the
4388:
2424:
was enough. Black returned the exchange on move 28, making the
1286:
526:
192:
3841:
912:, White gave up the exchange for a pawn to create two strong
74:. A player who wins a rook for a minor piece is said to have
27:
16:
Chess term for the exchange of a bishop or knight for a rook
3906:
66:. A player who has a rook for a minor piece is said to be
5575:
3810:
3380:
3326:
5598:
3432:The System: A World Champion's Approach to Chess
2521:
2063:
1680:
1359:
952:
611:
257:
3803:, "The Exchange Sacrifice Revisited – Part 1",
3654:
3639:Questions and Answers on Practical Endgame Play
3065:
3052:
3039:
2484:and knights have relatively higher value in a
91:"The exchange" differs from the more general "
3826:
3209:"Tigran V Petrosian vs. Boris Spassky (1966)"
2018:Rxf4 22.Rxf4 Qg5+, etc. The game continued:
523:some pawn exchanges may be necessary to open
177:felt that the exchange was worth two pawns.
2004:White responded with an exchange sacrifice:
181:thought that one pawn was the right value.
3542:
2896:
531:, but keep pawns on both sides of the board
3833:
3819:
3451:
3138:"Ivan Sokolov vs. Vladimir Kramnik (2004)"
2974:
943:
3556:(2nd ed.), Oxford University Press,
3472:
3457:The Middlegame: Book One: Static Features
3242:"Garry Kasparov vs. Alexey Shirov (1994)"
3091:
3078:
3569:
3521:
3426:
3228:
3195:
3000:
1672:Position after 20...Bh3, before 21.Ne3!
1346:
134:
2636:
2622:
2594:
2276:
2234:
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2185:
2178:
2136:
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1809:
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1509:
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761:
733:
691:
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344:
246:chances if its pieces are well-placed.
103:" would mean that each side's queen is
83:
5599:
3771:Modern Chess Strategy: Advances Since
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3636:
3615:
3352:
3274:
3157:
3124:
3013:
2987:
2961:
2948:
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2468:used the term, but it is rarely used.
2388:In a 1994 game between World Champion
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1732:
1523:
1411:
1095:
1004:
768:
705:
602:
201:gave the value as 1½ in the endgame.
165:. That is widely accepted today, but
3814:
3722:
3709:(2nd ed.), Gambit Publications,
3597:
3500:
3405:
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3339:
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2199:
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2099:
2033:And now a second exchange sacrifice:
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719:
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3807:, #111, April 2006, pp. 18–24.
2416:. During the game, many spectating
916:passed pawns. The game continued:
115:
13:
3794:
3327:Beliavsky & Mikhalchishin 2000
14:
5628:
3762:Page 110-24 is about the exchange
3600:Bishop versus Knight: The Verdict
2456:(or, more recently, the stronger
2439:
558:(as in several variations of the
225:
5574:
5245:List of strong chess tournaments
3685:Understanding Chess Move by Move
3527:Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess
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1981:In the tenth game from the 1966
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4223:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
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3234:
3221:
3201:
3188:
3177:from the original on 2009-12-01
3171:"Reshevsky vs. Petrosian, 1953"
3163:
3150:
3130:
3117:
3097:
3084:
3071:
3058:
3045:
3032:
3019:
3006:
2789:for the loss of the exchange.
2448:is the trade of the opponent's
2420:were sceptical whether White's
2408:and his remaining bishop was a
1343:The game was drawn on move 41.
3411:Pal Benko's Endgame Laboratory
3105:"A Yurgis vs. Botvinnik, 1931"
2993:
2980:
2967:
2954:
2941:
2928:
2915:
2902:
2889:
2432:equal, but White had a strong
1350:
1:
5343:Computer chess championships
3553:The Oxford Companion to Chess
2883:
1275:versus Petrosian at the 1953
78:, while the other player has
2499:espoused by masters such as
2027:22. Rxf1 Ng6 23. Bg4! Nxf4?!
1352:Petrosian vs. Spassky, 1966
582:it is usually to create and
99:; for example, to "exchange
7:
5125:Bishop and knight checkmate
3749:Rethinking the Chess Pieces
3728:C.J.S. Purdy on the Endgame
3707:Secrets of Pawnless Endings
3066:Müller & Lamprecht 2001
3053:Müller & Lamprecht 2001
3040:Müller & Lamprecht 2001
2851:
2014:White had no choice: 21.Rf2
1985:between defending champion
1258:Position before 25...Re6!!
10:
5633:
5288:Other world championships
2858:Chess piece relative value
2383:Position before 17.Rxb7!!
1355:
940:and White won on move 41.
901:In this 2004 game between
592:Chess piece relative value
141:Chess piece relative value
138:
122:
70:, and the other player is
18:
5569:
5479:
5382:
5235:
5135:Opposite-coloured bishops
5115:
5061:
4924:
4766:
4706:
4697:
4608:
4476:
4337:
4238:
4074:
3978:
3848:
3840:
3664:Fundamental Chess Endings
3621:Practical Endgame Lessons
1972:Position before 24.Rxf4!
896:Position before 33.Rxc7!
161:or the first part of the
5262:World Chess Championship
4228:World Chess Hall of Fame
3390:Winning Endgame Strategy
1983:World Chess Championship
949:Reshevsky vs. Petrosian
129:to describe chess moves.
5556:Simultaneous exhibition
5466:Chess newspaper columns
5155:Rook and bishop vs rook
5145:Queen and pawn vs queen
3666:, Gambit Publications,
3455:; Kramer, Hans (1994),
2897:Hooper & Whyld 1992
944:Reshevsky vs. Petrosian
5011:Richter–Veresov Attack
4999:Queen's Indian Defence
3637:Mednis, Edmar (1987),
2975:Euwe & Kramer 1994
233:pawnless chess endgame
5272:Candidates Tournament
5160:Rook and pawn vs rook
5130:King and pawn vs king
5081:List of chess gambits
4984:King's Indian Defence
4662:Isolated Queen's Pawn
4186:List of chess players
4128:Top player comparison
3927:Internet chess server
3641:, Chess Enterprises,
3598:Mayer, Steve (1997),
3576:My Great Predecessors
3386:Mikhalchishin, Adrian
3092:Fine & Benko 2003
3079:Fine & Benko 2003
1347:Petrosian vs. Spassky
1277:Candidates Tournament
254:Adams vs. Fine, 1940
139:Further information:
135:Value of the exchange
4989:Nimzo-Indian Defence
4885:Scandinavian Defense
4846:Semi-Italian Opening
4751:King's Indian Attack
4640:first-move advantage
4293:Threefold repetition
4218:Bobby Fischer Center
4103:Charlemagne chessmen
4097:Göttingen manuscript
4061:
3902:Correspondence chess
3529:, Crown Publishing,
3382:Beliavsky, Alexander
2828:
2820:
2812:José Raúl Capablanca
2485:
2477:
2457:
2425:
2409:
2401:
2060:Kasparov vs. Shirov
1284:
608:Sokolov vs. Kramnik
563:
524:
210:
190:
149:put its value as 1½
104:
47:
35:
5217:Two knights endgame
4969:Bogo-Indian Defence
4856:Two Knights Defense
4796:Nimzowitsch Defence
4486:Artificial castling
4123:Soviet chess school
3998:Dubrovnik chess set
3778:Gambit Publications
3730:, Thinker's Press,
3705:Nunn, John (2002),
3689:Gambit Publications
3483:Basic Chess Endings
3436:Gambit Publications
2055:Kasparov vs. Shirov
1353:
603:Sokolov vs. Kramnik
546:Exchange sacrifice
507:Black to move wins
5447:endgame literature
4994:Old Indian Defense
4904:Accelerated Dragon
4776:Alekhine's Defence
4508:Checkmate patterns
4377:symbols in Unicode
4372:annotation symbols
4135:Geography of chess
4003:Staunton chess set
3805:ChessBase Magazine
3508:, Everyman Chess,
1351:
1283:There are no open
552:exchange sacrifice
157:, but not for the
127:algebraic notation
125:This article uses
85:exchange sacrifice
5607:Chess terminology
5594:
5593:
5471:Chess periodicals
5400:Chess in the arts
5332:Chess composition
5170:Philidor position
5111:
5110:
5053:Trompowsky Attack
5036:Semi-Slav Defence
4926:Queen's Pawn Game
4806:Four Knights Game
4781:Caro–Kann Defence
4746:Zukertort Opening
4533:Discovered attack
4253:Cheating in chess
4090:Versus de scachis
3737:978-1-888710-03-8
3698:978-1-901983-41-8
3591:978-1-85744-371-4
3515:978-1-85744-555-8
3466:978-1-880673-95-9
3420:978-0-923891-88-6
2783:
2782:
2505:Siegbert Tarrasch
2464:for the weaker).
2452:for the player's
2381:
2380:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1670:
1669:
1256:
1255:
894:
893:
505:
504:
147:Siegbert Tarrasch
80:lost the exchange
72:down the exchange
5624:
5581:Chess portal
5579:
5578:
5522:Leela Chess Zero
5453:Oxford Companion
5405:early literature
5395:Chess aesthetics
5140:Pawnless endgame
5091:Bongcloud Attack
5069:List of openings
5041:Chigorin Defense
4979:Grünfeld Defence
4890:Sicilian Defence
4836:Ponziani Opening
4831:Philidor Defence
4826:Petrov's Defence
4768:King's Pawn Game
4741:Larsen's Opening
4704:
4703:
4065:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3790:
3761:
3740:
3719:
3701:
3676:
3660:Lamprecht, Frank
3651:
3633:
3612:
3594:
3566:
3539:
3518:
3497:
3469:
3448:
3423:
3402:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3036:
3030:
3023:
3017:
3010:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2878:Exchange (chess)
2832:
2824:
2805:William Steinitz
2688:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2522:
2501:Wilhelm Steinitz
2489:
2481:
2461:
2429:
2413:
2405:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2064:
2029:(second diagram)
1987:Tigran Petrosian
1875:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1681:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1360:
1354:
1288:
1264:Tigran Petrosian
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
994:
993:
953:
910:Vladimir Kramnik
799:
798:
792:
791:
785:
784:
778:
777:
771:
770:
764:
763:
757:
756:
750:
749:
743:
742:
736:
735:
729:
728:
722:
721:
715:
714:
708:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
666:
665:
659:
658:
653:
652:
612:
597:Tigran Petrosian
567:
560:Sicilian Defence
528:
410:
409:
403:
402:
396:
395:
389:
388:
382:
381:
375:
374:
368:
367:
361:
360:
354:
353:
347:
346:
340:
339:
333:
332:
326:
325:
319:
318:
312:
311:
305:
304:
299:
298:
258:
214:
194:
183:Wilhelm Steinitz
179:Tigran Petrosian
108:
76:won the exchange
51:
42:difference of a
39:
21:Exchange (chess)
5632:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5573:
5565:
5475:
5461:Chess libraries
5378:
5282:FIDE Grand Prix
5277:Chess World Cup
5231:
5227:Wrong rook pawn
5165:Lucena position
5107:
5057:
4974:Catalan Opening
4949:English Defence
4934:Budapest Gambit
4920:
4878:Austrian Attack
4762:
4731:English Opening
4693:
4689:School of chess
4672:Minority attack
4604:
4573:Queen sacrifice
4472:
4333:
4329:White and Black
4324:Touch-move rule
4283:Perpetual check
4278:Fifty-move rule
4234:
4070:
4067:
3974:
3844:
3839:
3797:
3795:Further reading
3788:
3759:
3738:
3717:
3699:
3674:
3656:Müller, Karsten
3649:
3631:
3610:
3592:
3571:Kasparov, Garry
3564:
3537:
3523:Golombek, Harry
3516:
3495:
3467:
3446:
3421:
3400:
3377:
3372:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3294:
3290::192, 199, 216)
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3226:
3222:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3007:
2998:
2994:
2985:
2981:
2972:
2968:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2854:
2834:
2826:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2560:
2519:
2491:
2483:
2463:
2442:
2431:
2415:
2407:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2061:
2057:
2000:(first diagram)
1989:and challenger
1975:
1974:
1973:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1398:
1349:
1290:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
991:
950:
946:
899:
898:
897:
801:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
650:
609:
605:
569:
548:
530:
510:
509:
508:
412:
411:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
296:
255:
228:
216:
196:
175:José Capablanca
171:Howard Staunton
143:
137:
132:
131:
130:
110:
68:up the exchange
53:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5612:Chess strategy
5609:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5504:
5502:Chess composer
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5357:North American
5354:
5349:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5250:Chess Olympiad
5247:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5101:Scholar's mate
5098:
5093:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5016:Queen's Gambit
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4959:Benoni Defence
4954:Indian Defence
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4897:
4887:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4868:Owen's Defence
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4791:Modern Defence
4788:
4786:French Defence
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4721:Bird's Opening
4718:
4712:
4710:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4652:Pawn structure
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4496:Alekhine's gun
4488:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4409:Half-open file
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4352:Chess notation
4349:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4307:Pawn promotion
4304:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4210:
4208:Women in chess
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:Hypermodernism
4115:
4113:Romantic chess
4110:
4108:Lewis chessmen
4105:
4100:
4093:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3946:world rankings
3938:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3875:Computer chess
3872:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3763:
3757:
3741:
3736:
3720:
3715:
3702:
3697:
3677:
3672:
3652:
3647:
3634:
3629:
3613:
3608:
3595:
3590:
3582:Everyman Chess
3567:
3562:
3548:Whyld, Kenneth
3540:
3535:
3519:
3514:
3498:
3493:
3470:
3465:
3449:
3444:
3428:Berliner, Hans
3424:
3419:
3413:, Ishi Press,
3403:
3398:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3305:
3292:
3279:
3266:
3253:
3247:Chessgames.com
3233:
3220:
3214:Chessgames.com
3200:
3187:
3162:
3149:
3143:Chessgames.com
3129:
3116:
3110:Chessgames.com
3096:
3083:
3070:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2979:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2899:, p. 130)
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2863:Chess strategy
2860:
2853:
2850:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2518:Black to move
2517:
2516:
2446:minor exchange
2441:
2440:Minor exchange
2438:
2390:Garry Kasparov
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2040:
2038:24. Rxf4! Rxf4
2031:
2030:
2012:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1302:
1301:
1268:World Champion
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
989:
987:
983:
982:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
951:
948:
947:
945:
942:
938:
937:
932:
927:
907:World Champion
895:
892:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
854:
853:
850:
846:
845:
842:
838:
837:
834:
830:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
648:
646:
642:
641:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
610:
607:
606:
604:
601:
556:pawn structure
547:
544:
536:
535:
532:
521:
518:
506:
503:
502:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
472:
469:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
441:
440:
437:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
294:
292:
288:
287:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
256:
253:
252:
227:
226:In the endgame
224:
136:
133:
124:
123:
117:minor exchange
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5629:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5561:Solving chess
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Chess prodigy
5549:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5534:Chess problem
5532:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:opening books
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5430:short stories
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:Art and media
5381:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5195:triangulation
5193:
5191:
5190:Tarrasch rule
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5150:Queen vs pawn
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:London System
5004:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:Modern Benoni
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:Dutch Defence
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:King's Gambit
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4736:Grob's Attack
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Dunst Opening
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4716:Benko Opening
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4708:Flank opening
4705:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Transposition
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:Chess museums
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Notable games
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3970:World records
3968:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:Rating system
3939:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3787:1-901983-07-2
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3758:0-7134-8904-9
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3724:Purdy, C.J.S.
3721:
3718:
3716:1-901983-65-X
3712:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:1-901983-53-6
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:0-931462-69-X
3644:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3630:0-67914-102-2
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:Mednis, Edmar
3614:
3611:
3609:1-879479-73-7
3605:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:0-19-866164-9
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3544:Hooper, David
3541:
3538:
3536:0-517-53146-1
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:0-8129-3493-8
3490:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:1-901983-10-2
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:0-7134-8446-2
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3361:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3335:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3229:Kasparov 2004
3224:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3196:Kasparov 2004
3191:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3002:
3001:Berliner 1999
2996:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Chess tactics
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2466:Bobby Fischer
2462:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:Alexei Shirov
2391:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:Boris Spassky
1988:
1984:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1683:
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1677:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
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1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
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1627:
1624:
1623:
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1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1344:
1339:
1338:30. Rxd3 cxd3
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:27. Bxe6 fxe6
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
955:
954:
941:
936:
933:
931:
930:34. Rxf6 Rxf6
928:
926:
924:
919:
918:
917:
915:
911:
908:
904:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
864:
863:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
614:
613:
600:
598:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
573:
568:
561:
557:
553:
543:
541:
533:
529:
522:
519:
516:
515:
514:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
475:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
418:
414:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
260:
259:
251:
247:
245:
241:
236:
234:
223:
220:
219:Hans Berliner
215:
208:
207:Larry Kaufman
204:
200:
195:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:Jacob Sarratt
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
142:
128:
121:
119:
118:
112:
109:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:more valuable
61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
29:
22:
5617:Chess theory
5507:Chess engine
5492:Chess boxing
5452:
5222:Wrong bishop
5074:theory table
5048:Torre Attack
5031:Slav Defence
4939:Colle System
4914:Scheveningen
4873:Pirc Defence
4816:Italian Game
4811:Giuoco Piano
4756:Réti Opening
4679:Piece values
4667:Maróczy Bind
4628:the exchange
4627:
4618:Compensation
4548:Interference
4538:Double check
4312:Time control
4299:
4273:by agreement
4201:grandmasters
4145:South Africa
4095:
4088:
4064:Score sheets
4010:Chess pieces
3917:Online chess
3863:Chess titles
3858:Chess theory
3804:
3770:
3767:Watson, John
3751:, Batsford,
3748:
3745:Soltis, Andy
3727:
3706:
3684:
3663:
3638:
3620:
3602:, Batsford,
3599:
3574:
3551:
3526:
3505:
3502:Flear, Glenn
3481:
3474:Fine, Reuben
3456:
3431:
3410:
3392:, Batsford,
3389:
3375:Bibliography
3360:
3347:
3334:
3321:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3245:
3236:
3223:
3212:
3203:
3190:
3179:. Retrieved
3165:
3152:
3141:
3132:
3119:
3108:
3099:
3086:
3073:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2873:Chess theory
2809:
2794:Many of the
2793:
2787:compensation
2513:
2497:chess theory
2495:Traditional
2494:
2470:
2445:
2443:
2422:compensation
2418:grandmasters
2397:
2387:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1980:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:28. Qf1! Nd5
1327:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1295:
1282:
1262:
939:
935:35. Qxf6 Rf8
934:
929:
920:
903:Ivan Sokolov
900:
575:passed pawns
562:where Black
551:
549:
537:
511:
248:
237:
229:
199:Edmar Mednis
144:
116:
113:
90:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
32:the exchange
31:
25:
5437:Chess books
5237:Tournaments
5096:Fool's mate
4861:Vienna Game
4851:Scotch Game
4684:Prophylaxis
4600:Zwischenzug
4585:Undermining
4553:Overloading
4513:Combination
4362:descriptive
4057:Chess table
4052:Chess clock
3868:Grandmaster
3801:Peter Wells
3773:Nimzowitsch
3353:Watson 1998
3275:Soltis 2004
3158:Soltis 2004
3125:Soltis 2004
3014:Soltis 2004
2988:Soltis 2004
2962:Mednis 1987
2949:Mednis 1978
2923:Soltis 2004
2910:Soltis 2004
2841:Glenn Flear
2816:John Watson
2796:Classicists
2509:hypermodern
2488:closed game
2460:minor piece
2404:bishop pair
1998:20... Bh3?!
1333:29. Rf3 Bd3
588:passed pawn
213:bishop pair
187:Cecil Purdy
50:minor piece
5601:Categories
5544:joke chess
5497:Chess club
5185:opposition
4647:Middlegame
4635:Initiative
4558:Pawn storm
4523:Deflection
4394:Key square
4384:Fianchetto
4317:Fast chess
4301:En passant
3993:chessboard
3681:Nunn, John
3578:, Part III
3478:Benko, Pal
3407:Benko, Pal
3366:Flear 2007
3340:Mayer 1997
3314:Mayer 1997
3301:Mayer 1997
3288:Benko 2007
3181:2009-04-26
2936:Purdy 2003
2884:References
2846:middlegame
2823:bad bishop
2434:initiative
2412:bad bishop
2398:17. Rxb7!!
2023:21... Bxf1
579:sacrifices
163:middlegame
5527:Stockfish
5517:Deep Blue
5512:AlphaZero
5420:paintings
5212:Tablebase
5176:Strategy
5086:Irregular
4841:Ruy Lopez
4801:Open Game
4568:Sacrifice
4528:Desperado
4431:connected
4404:Open file
4399:King walk
4357:algebraic
4288:Stalemate
4263:Checkmate
3988:Chess set
3980:Equipment
3623:, McKay,
3487:, McKay,
3453:Euwe, Max
3262:Nunn 2001
3027:Nunn 2002
2480:open game
2047:. Black
1296:25... Re6
1273:Reshevsky
914:connected
572:connected
5586:Category
5539:glossary
5200:Zugzwang
5180:fortress
5117:Endgames
5026:Declined
5021:Accepted
4699:Openings
4657:Hedgehog
4623:Exchange
4610:Strategy
4590:Windmill
4441:isolated
4426:backward
4248:Castling
4191:amateurs
4084:Timeline
3958:Variants
3912:Glossary
3895:software
3880:glossary
3769:(1998),
3747:(2004),
3726:(2003),
3683:(2001),
3662:(2001),
3619:(1978),
3573:(2004),
3550:(1992),
3525:(1977),
3504:(2007),
3480:(2003),
3459:, Hays,
3430:(1999),
3409:(2007),
3388:(2000),
3342::209–18)
3264::149–58)
3175:Archived
3081::478–79)
3068::256–91)
3055::274–79)
3042::260–63)
2938::146–52)
2852:See also
2801:underdog
2428:material
2049:resigned
2009:21. Ne3!
921:33. Rxc7
566:captures
203:Max Euwe
107:captured
93:exchange
54:(i.e. a
38:material
5487:Arbiter
5480:Related
5337:Solving
5327:Amateur
4909:Najdorf
4491:Battery
4478:Tactics
4453:Swindle
4436:doubled
4416:Outpost
4347:Blunder
4162:Armenia
4076:History
3922:Premove
3890:engines
3885:matches
3850:Outline
3316::201–8)
3231::72–74)
3094::478ff)
3029::9, 31)
2837:outpost
1306:outpost
584:promote
244:drawing
159:opening
155:endgame
153:in the
34:is the
5425:poetry
5415:novels
5390:Caïssa
5322:Senior
5312:Junior
4900:Dragon
4895:Alapin
4580:Skewer
4446:passed
4389:Gambit
4196:female
4157:Europe
4140:Africa
4035:Knight
4030:Bishop
3784:
3755:
3734:
3713:
3695:
3670:
3645:
3627:
3606:
3588:
3560:
3533:
3512:
3491:
3485:(1941)
3463:
3442:
3417:
3396:
2831:closed
2454:knight
2450:bishop
2045:queens
1314:26. a4
1266:, the
240:passed
173:, and
101:queens
97:pieces
60:knight
56:bishop
46:for a
5372:WCSCC
5317:Youth
5307:Blitz
5302:Rapid
5292:Women
5255:Women
5207:Study
5062:Other
4595:X-ray
4518:Decoy
4503:Block
4458:Tempo
4421:Pawns
4339:Terms
4258:Check
4240:Rules
4174:India
4167:Spain
4152:China
4045:Fairy
4020:Queen
3951:norms
3842:Chess
3368::422)
3329::141)
3277::169)
3160::110)
3127::115)
3016::110)
2990::110)
2964::107)
2951::120)
2925::134)
2912::110)
2827:in a
2473:pawns
1287:files
527:files
193:files
151:pawns
28:chess
5410:film
5367:WCCC
5362:TCEC
5352:CSVN
5297:Team
5267:List
4543:Fork
4468:Trap
4268:Draw
4040:Pawn
4025:Rook
4015:King
3963:List
3932:list
3907:FIDE
3782:ISBN
3753:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3711:ISBN
3693:ISBN
3668:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3625:ISBN
3604:ISBN
3586:ISBN
3558:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3489:ISBN
3461:ISBN
3440:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3355::73)
3198::14)
3003::14)
2977::38)
2503:and
2444:The
2392:and
1318:Ne7!
925:Qxc7
905:and
540:draw
114:The
44:rook
5347:CCC
4563:Pin
4367:PGN
3303::7)
550:An
217:.
58:or
26:In
5603::
3780:,
3776:,
3691:,
3687:,
3658:;
3584:,
3580:,
3546:;
3476:;
3438:,
3434:,
3384:;
3244:.
3211:.
3173:.
3140:.
3107:.
2803:.
2492:.
1316:?!
1298:!!
599:.
586:a
542:.
169:,
111:.
88:.
30:,
4902:/
3834:e
3827:t
3820:v
3364:(
3351:(
3338:(
3325:(
3312:(
3299:(
3286:(
3273:(
3260:(
3250:.
3227:(
3217:.
3194:(
3184:.
3156:(
3146:.
3123:(
3113:.
3090:(
3077:(
3064:(
3051:(
3038:(
3025:(
3012:(
2999:(
2986:(
2973:(
2960:(
2947:(
2934:(
2921:(
2908:(
2895:(
2777:h
2774:g
2771:f
2768:e
2765:d
2762:c
2759:b
2756:a
2749:1
2746:1
2741:2
2738:2
2733:3
2730:3
2725:4
2722:4
2717:5
2714:5
2709:6
2706:6
2701:7
2698:7
2693:8
2555:8
2548:h
2545:g
2542:f
2539:e
2536:d
2533:c
2530:b
2527:a
2375:h
2372:g
2369:f
2366:e
2363:d
2360:c
2357:b
2354:a
2347:1
2344:1
2339:2
2336:2
2331:3
2328:3
2323:4
2320:4
2315:5
2312:5
2307:6
2304:6
2299:7
2296:7
2291:8
2097:8
2090:h
2087:g
2084:f
2081:e
2078:d
2075:c
2072:b
2069:a
2025:?
2016:?
1964:h
1961:g
1958:f
1955:e
1952:d
1949:c
1946:b
1943:a
1936:1
1933:1
1928:2
1925:2
1920:3
1917:3
1912:4
1909:4
1904:5
1901:5
1896:6
1893:6
1888:7
1885:7
1880:8
1714:8
1707:h
1704:g
1701:f
1698:e
1695:d
1692:c
1689:b
1686:a
1664:h
1661:g
1658:f
1655:e
1652:d
1649:c
1646:b
1643:a
1636:1
1633:1
1628:2
1625:2
1620:3
1617:3
1612:4
1609:4
1604:5
1601:5
1596:6
1593:6
1588:7
1585:7
1580:8
1393:8
1386:h
1383:g
1380:f
1377:e
1374:d
1371:c
1368:b
1365:a
1250:h
1247:g
1244:f
1241:e
1238:d
1235:c
1232:b
1229:a
1222:1
1219:1
1214:2
1211:2
1206:3
1203:3
1198:4
1195:4
1190:5
1187:5
1182:6
1179:6
1174:7
1171:7
1166:8
986:8
979:h
976:g
973:f
970:e
967:d
964:c
961:b
958:a
923:!
888:h
885:g
882:f
879:e
876:d
873:c
870:b
867:a
860:1
857:1
852:2
849:2
844:3
841:3
836:4
833:4
828:5
825:5
820:6
817:6
812:7
809:7
804:8
645:8
638:h
635:g
632:f
629:e
626:d
623:c
620:b
617:a
499:h
496:g
493:f
490:e
487:d
484:c
481:b
478:a
471:1
468:1
463:2
460:2
455:3
452:3
447:4
444:4
439:5
436:5
431:6
428:6
423:7
420:7
415:8
291:8
284:h
281:g
278:f
275:e
272:d
269:c
266:b
263:a
23:.
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