1283:
885:
2522:
118:
134:
195:
2456:
2763:
2735:
2201:
2301:
2749:
2436:
33:
2421:, discovered and to be discovered. And we order that the governor and captain general of said Islands and Provinces, and president of their Royal Audiencia, have exclusively the superior government of the entire district of said Audiencia in war and peace, and shall make provisions and favors in our Royal Name, which in conformity to the laws of this Compilation and the rest of the
2688:
and surnames, many of which are still in use. Also, because of the introduction of new tools, products, crops and technology by
Spaniards and Mexicans in the three centuries of colonial rule, many Spanish loanwords entered the native languages of these countries. Art forms such as music, architecture
1121:
2425:
and the instructions and powers that We shall grant, he should and can do; and in gubernatorial matters and cases that shall arise, that are of importance, said president-governor should consult on them with the judges of said
Audiencia, so that they give their consultive opinions, and having heard
2702:
population is believed to be partly of
Filipino descent, both because of the historic links between Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands and the Philippines during Spanish rule, and currently through different waves of migration. The cuisines of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau are
2697:
A sizeable proportion of the current population of the
Northern Marianas Islands (45–55%) and Guam (30–45%), as well as that of Palau (15–25%) is of Filipino descent. Some of the local peoples in the previously stated territories also use Filipino names and surnames (one example is the surname
2325:
was established in Manila in 1784 to handle the government finances and to promote the economy. (The plan to introduce more intendencias throughout the
Philippines did not materialize.) In a similar vein, to promote innovation and education among the residents of the islands, Governor-General
2382:
was created as a dependency of the
Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Real Audiencia of Manila was created on 5 May 1583 and the first session was held on 15 June 1584 as the highest tribunal of the Spanish Empire in the East Indies, that had the Governor-General of the Philippines as its
1176:
and shipped to Spain and, via trading, to the rest of Europe, while
Spanish-Mexican navigators brought with them Hispanic and indigenous Mexican customs, religion, languages, foods, and cultural traditions to the Philippines, Guam, and the Mariana Islands.
183:
184:
182:
181:
1282:
1171:
The Manila-Acapulco galleons shipped products gathered from both Asia-Pacific and the
Americas, such as silk, spices, silver, gold and other Asian-Pacific islander products to Mexico. Products brought from Asia-Pacific were sent to
1235:
During the first half of the seventeenth century, there were a number of clashes with the Dutch in and around the
Spanish East Indies as the Dutch expanded their interests in South East Asia. The most important of these were
2341:. All economic matters of the Philippines were managed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain, located in Mexico. Because the eastward route was more widely used for military purposes, in addition to commerce that included the
1128:
In 1571, exploiting a rivalry between the states of Tondo and
Maynila, the later being a city-state established by Bruneian Muslim colonists, meant to supplant Tondo, the Spaniards captured Maynila and renamed it
180:
2413:; a crown attorney ; a bailiff ; a lieutenant of the Gran Chancellor; and the other necessary ministers and officials; and which shall have for district said Island of Luzon, and the rest of the Philippines, the
2405:"In the city of Manila on the Island of Luzon, Head of the Philippines, shall reside another Royal Audiencia and Chancellery of ours, with a president, who shall be governor and captain general; four judges of
1164:
against the Sultanate of Brunei, raids against the Ottoman protectorate of the Sultanate of Aceh, the brief conquests of the Sultanates of Tidor and Ternate as well as Spanish campaigns into
2530:
Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas Dedicada al Rey Nuestro Señor por el Mariscal d. Campo D. Fernando Valdes Tamon Cavallº del Orden de Santiago de Govor. Y Capn
1047:. In the event, though, Portuguese under Antonio de Brito forced Al-Mansur to surrender the Spaniards who had stayed in his realm and abjure any connection to Spain on 14 May 1522, the
178:
2027:
2811:
2680:
Spain's influence on its former territories in Asia-Pacific is significant to this day. The majority of the people of the Philippines, Guam and the Mariana Islands belong to the
2356:. All control of the Spanish East Indies government was then transferred to Madrid, until the United States annexed most Spanish territories in the Asia-Pacific region after the
179:
5630:
1839:
608:
3358:
5897:
1991:
651:
633:
619:
601:
583:
554:
2661:
tribes not affiliated with either. Similarly, Palau and the vast majority of the Caroline Islands were not governed by Spanish missions until the early 19th century.
2613:
Because Spanish interest in the region was primarily focused on its use as a base for trade with East Asia, direct Spanish control over the area expanded slowly. The
1149:
willingly joined the Spaniards to ally against their common Muslim rivals (Spain recently expelled the Muslims who invaded their homeland at the culmination of the
5872:
2610:
The Spanish used several names that are not currently used. Gran Moluca (Great Molluccas) for the island of Mindanao and Nueva Castilla (New Castile) for Luzon.
1869:
2345:
trade, most government correspondence went through Mexico, rather than directly to Spain (with the exception of a short period at the end of the 18th century).
5892:
5822:
1986:
4760:
1940:
2229:
5867:
5807:
3769:
2471:, the Visayas, Palawan, Balambangan Island, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga, Basilan, Jolo, Palmas Islands, Spratly Islands; including isolated outposts in
2394:
Law XI (Audiencia y Chancillería Real de Manila en las Filipinas) of Title XV (De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias) of Book II of the
999:, Enrique—who also acted as their interpreter—was able to turn Humabon against them, provoking a massacre of the Spanish on 1 May. Consolidated onto the
1309:
4780:
3695:
2091:
5698:
2126:
133:
51:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5832:
2684:
which was introduced by Spanish missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries. A large part of the population in these countries were forced to use
5877:
5245:
2186:
1168:
and Taiwan. These and other Asian territories claimed by the Spanish crown were to be governed from the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico City.
4740:
2331:
1113:, discovered a maritime route from the Philippines to Mexico, across the Pacific, leading to the important transpacific transport link of the
5703:
4790:
2401:
of 1680—which compiles the original decree and the one of 25 May 1596—describes the limits and functions of the Audiencia and its president.
2017:
2009:
319:
3029:
1157:
via the efforts of Spanish and Peruvian soldiers and native allies as all these territories were incorporated into the Spanish East Indies.
5887:
4395:
3753:
2649:, the rest was nominally under Spanish control, recognizing Spanish rule, but left to administer their own affairs, as in the cases of the
2246:
and held it for twenty months as well as making unsuccessful attempts to take control of Bulacan, Pampanga, and parts of Ilocos during the
1976:
1849:
1798:
117:
3153:
De los Receptores, y penas de Camara, gastos de Estrados, y Iusticia, y Obras pia de las Audiencias y chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2818:
2106:
2101:
2052:
1371:
2426:
them, he should provide the most convenient to the service of God and ours and the peace and tranquility of said Province and Republic".
5907:
1968:
1930:
1922:
1816:
1610:
1376:
985:
while trying to shore up Humabon's control over nearby islands. When the expedition's new leaders refused to honor Magellan's will and
874:
2971:
5817:
5742:
2689:
and fashion also have much Spanish influence. The national cuisines of these countries also have a few Mexican and Spanish elements.
2181:
2116:
1681:
1414:
590:
1621:
1031:
promptly pledged his realm as Spain's vassal the next day, hoping to use them as a counterweight to Portuguese support of his rival
884:
5610:
4714:
3392:
2957:
Second Book of the Second Part of the Conquests of the Filipinas Islands and Chronicle of the Religious of Our Father St. Augustine
2222:
5902:
4694:
17:
5812:
2521:
2161:
1874:
1756:
1324:
428:
3832:
3129:
De los Iuzgados de Provincia de los Oidores, y Alcaldes de el Crimen de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
5468:
3579:
2791:
2675:
753:
4430:
4299:
3926:
3922:
3364:
5563:
5558:
4926:
4332:
3975:
3428:
2786:
2541:
2379:
2369:
2291:
2176:
2121:
2086:
2067:
1909:
1661:
1396:
1134:
783:
733:
307:
46:
5797:
5625:
4745:
2295:
2215:
2166:
2141:
2096:
1894:
1262:
1192:
was sent as ambassador in 1611, until Japan closed its trading post in 1630. In northeastern Taiwan, the Spaniards built
3614:
5392:
4709:
4645:
4367:
4347:
3822:
3554:
3517:
2844:
1105:
set out from Mexico, and established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines in 1565, which became the town of
5757:
4861:
5458:
5367:
4765:
4309:
3862:
3492:
3109:
De los Alguaziles, Avogados, Procuradores, Porteros, Tassador, y los demás Oficiales del Consejo Real de las Indias.
2879:
2151:
1334:
2621:. The highlands of Luzon remained outside Spanish control until the early 19th century, and the southernmost tip of
1240:
in 1646, when the local Spanish forces defeated a concerted effort of the Dutch to take control of the Philippines.
5882:
5842:
5792:
5787:
5658:
4342:
3826:
3604:
2923:
2685:
2136:
2131:
1676:
850:
454:
5034:
4969:
5595:
5387:
5174:
4974:
4523:
4458:
4044:
3946:
1864:
1229:
5513:
5029:
4473:
4357:
3025:
5615:
5553:
5352:
4770:
4483:
4463:
4435:
4352:
4327:
4187:
3995:
3902:
3842:
3809:
3308:
2577:
2494:
2111:
1532:
1401:
1386:
1292:
709:
5578:
5407:
5164:
5730:
5708:
5663:
5605:
5583:
5397:
5169:
4851:
4640:
4625:
3710:
3574:
3527:
3177:
De los Oidores, Visitadores ordinarios de los distritos de Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2266:, were crushed by the Spanish. Under the peace settlement, Manila was exchanged, along with British-occupied
1691:
1301:
1237:
1205:
1054:
411:
4959:
5782:
5600:
5568:
5099:
4964:
4400:
3780:
3589:
3385:
2251:
2156:
2146:
1696:
1542:
5588:
4921:
5573:
5473:
5104:
4556:
4488:
3457:
2349:
2022:
1776:
1510:
1450:
854:
467:
5024:
4931:
5508:
4871:
4518:
4405:
4317:
4289:
3916:
3886:
3691:
3522:
3161:
De los Receptores ordinarios, y su Repartidor de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2909:
1889:
1490:
1435:
1271:
4891:
4846:
1102:
1098:
394:
5837:
5427:
5377:
5235:
5134:
4630:
4503:
4468:
4420:
4322:
3934:
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3507:
3477:
3472:
1771:
1686:
1440:
1247:
1221:
1165:
993:
966:
4052:
3181:
Del Iuzgado de bienes de difuntos, y su administracion, y cuenta en las Indias, Armadas, y Vageles.
3021:
1133:, a former satellite-state of the Brunei Sultanate and then Manila was made the seat of the Spanish
5827:
5372:
5255:
5215:
5154:
5149:
5089:
4508:
4498:
4284:
3987:
3898:
3599:
2654:
2566:
2504:
2373:
2357:
2287:
1859:
1741:
1736:
1572:
1500:
1076:
838:
692:
626:
559:
326:
5752:
4831:
4064:
3584:
2997:
939:
5422:
5280:
5124:
5064:
5014:
4916:
4513:
4478:
4425:
4060:
3930:
3894:
3624:
3497:
3482:
3378:
3347:
3035:
2243:
1996:
1935:
1854:
1761:
1641:
1485:
1339:
1189:
280:
4615:
2337:
For over 256 years, the Spanish East Indies were governed by a governor-captain general, and an
1213:
5713:
5285:
5220:
4724:
4610:
4493:
4453:
4097:
3890:
3549:
3539:
2931:
2032:
1746:
1160:
The Philippines became the center of operations for further Spanish wars in Asia including the
441:
4856:
2955:
2618:
2327:
194:
5159:
4569:
4390:
4279:
4218:
4146:
4056:
3757:
3437:
3137:
De los Tenientes de Gran Chanciller de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2998:"The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies as Illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1583–1800)"
1950:
1834:
1726:
1631:
1094:
encouraged the exploration of these Asian territories and commissioned the expedition of his
927:
311:
276:
139:
5693:
5094:
4881:
4841:
4800:
3774:
3203:
Memorias históricas y estadísticas de Filipinas y particularmente de la grande isla de Luzon
3173:
De los Porteros, y otros Oficiales de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
1110:
5668:
5337:
5300:
5290:
5230:
5129:
5109:
5004:
4816:
4635:
3512:
3502:
3301:
The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies as illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1583–1800)
3157:
De los Tassadores, y Repartidores de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2975:
2459:
1888 map showing the Spanish East Indies, including Palau Islands (map without Philippines)
2353:
2312:
1955:
1945:
1904:
1884:
1751:
1349:
1344:
1146:
1040:
1036:
990:
787:
272:
5194:
4984:
4906:
3326:
The Hispanization of the Philippines: Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses, 1565–1700
8:
5737:
5493:
5478:
5362:
5342:
5295:
5275:
5079:
5074:
5019:
4989:
4755:
4380:
4337:
4294:
4223:
4192:
3942:
3908:
3814:
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3715:
3559:
3532:
3242:
2247:
2047:
1793:
1701:
1646:
1592:
1505:
1142:
1138:
1028:
1020:
942:
866:
771:
5483:
5184:
2871:
The First Voyage around the World (1519–1522): An Account of Magellan's Expedition
957:. The expedition reached the outskirts of the East Indies on 6 March 1521, sighting the
5802:
5498:
5488:
5463:
5417:
5382:
5240:
4949:
4826:
4699:
4197:
4177:
3837:
3725:
3452:
3117:
De los Presidentes, y Oidores de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2740:
2451:
and other formerly planned and former possessions and adjacent islands. 1858, Fragment.
2397:
2388:
2205:
1829:
1731:
1721:
1706:
1354:
1329:
1208:. Several Pacific islands were visited by Spanish ships in the 16th century, including
1193:
1091:
1064:
996:
946:
935:
345:
315:
284:
153:
4821:
4750:
2321:
5678:
5620:
5453:
5225:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5114:
5069:
4999:
4979:
4954:
4901:
4876:
4141:
3668:
3609:
3564:
3423:
3329:
3312:
3295:
3291:
3270:
2899:
2895:
2875:
2865:
2781:
1537:
1515:
1225:
1154:
978:
919:
911:
823:
741:
640:
98:
41:
3699:
2455:
5310:
5305:
5270:
5250:
5009:
4886:
4785:
4689:
4151:
3991:
3262:
3237:
3234:
3230:
2935:
2776:
2573:
2490:
2422:
1879:
1824:
1766:
1711:
1666:
1636:
1597:
1106:
982:
371:
262:
84:
5688:
3720:
5753:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
5503:
5443:
5357:
5265:
5139:
5119:
5084:
4866:
4836:
4775:
4385:
4375:
4271:
4156:
4048:
4005:
3765:
3673:
3544:
3251:
3105:
De el Cosmografo, y Catedratico de Matematicas de el Consejo Real de las Indias.
3069:
De el Gran Chanciller, y Registrador de las Indias, y su Teniente en el Consejo.
2905:
2869:
2848:
2699:
2681:
2630:
2584:
2558:
2500:
2316:
2263:
2258:. Rebellions by local leaders at the instigation of the British, such as that of
2057:
1547:
1480:
1314:
1251:
1217:
1032:
1010:
1002:
958:
897:
893:
870:
811:
799:
790:, Manila reported directly to Madrid. The territories ruled included present-day
415:
294:
5412:
5347:
5260:
5144:
4896:
4719:
4704:
4605:
4579:
4564:
4445:
4040:
4034:
3938:
3705:
3619:
3569:
3447:
3401:
2650:
2634:
2599:
2440:
2342:
2338:
2250:. With an army made up mostly of local allied forces, the Spanish were able to
2042:
1844:
1671:
1567:
1181:
1114:
889:
815:
725:
702:
525:
521:
381:
298:
214:
3852:
2940:
5776:
4911:
3761:
3678:
3487:
3353:
3247:
3165:
De los Procuradores de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2768:
2638:
2171:
1981:
1391:
1244:
1161:
1072:
1024:
970:
954:
950:
846:
845:
occupied the Philippines and Guam, while Spain sold other smaller islands to
842:
760:
572:
123:
3316:
2841:
5683:
5673:
5402:
4941:
4795:
4620:
4136:
3912:
3594:
3442:
2754:
2698:
Pangelinan, which comes from the Filipino surname Pangilinan). The current
2410:
2259:
1582:
1562:
1381:
974:
915:
819:
729:
357:
4994:
763:
traditionally styled himself "King of the East and West Indies" (Spanish:
4584:
4410:
3979:
3857:
3149:
De los Avogados de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
3141:
De los Relatores de la Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
3125:
De los Fiscales de las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
2545:
2525:
2406:
1803:
1788:
1150:
1083:
986:
962:
901:
791:
779:
745:
672:
248:
168:
4574:
3299:
5448:
4182:
3462:
3333:
2664:
2062:
1899:
1577:
1209:
1185:
1109:
in present-day Cebu. That same year, another member of the expedition,
1016:
923:
807:
4415:
4172:
4072:
3847:
3749:
3683:
2716:
2603:
2467:
Las Islas Filipinas (today the Republic of the Philippines): Manila,
2387:
highest judge. Both institutions were created by the Royal Decree of
1716:
1651:
1319:
1120:
1063:
surrendered herself to De Brito to avoid starvation in November, and
1044:
853:. The few remaining islands were ceded to the United States when the
827:
775:
697:
398:
236:
220:
2300:
4589:
3467:
3145:
De los Escrivanos de Camara de las Audiencias Reales de la Indias.
2712:
2626:
2595:
2037:
1552:
1527:
1495:
1475:
1430:
1366:
1173:
1087:
931:
3020:
2972:"The British Conquest of Manila | Presidential Museum and Library"
1232:
in 1595), but they made no effort to trade with or colonize them.
5747:
5718:
4228:
4213:
3370:
3227:
2642:
2622:
2614:
2476:
2472:
2275:
2271:
1626:
1587:
1445:
1197:
2435:
1071:
signed away any of his interests in the East Indies for 350,000
4684:
4238:
4233:
4010:
3121:
De los Alcaldes del Crimen de las Audiencias de Lima y Mexico.
2708:
2704:
2588:
2484:
2480:
2448:
2414:
2304:
2267:
2255:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1201:
1095:
831:
749:
737:
682:
242:
2703:
also heavily influenced by Filipino cuisine, with dishes like
2278:. Manila was ceded back to Spanish authorities in April 1764.
5725:
3999:
3663:
2658:
2551:
2514:
2468:
2348:
In 1821, the New Spanish Viceroyalty collapsed following the
1557:
830:
was the first seat of government, which later transferred to
803:
687:
303:
4068:
3983:
2720:
2646:
2562:
2508:
2418:
1460:
1039:. Within a year, he was joined in this by Yusuf, sultan of
795:
677:
3961:
1250:
established the first mission on Guam, where he and Saint
3113:
De las Audiencias, y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias.
3057:
De las leyes, provisiones, cedulas, y ordenanças Reales.
2536:
The timeline of the territories ruled by Spain included:
2447:
under the Spanish East Indies Captaincy General based in
879:
3348:
Web oficial Asociación Española de Estudios del Pacífico
3093:
Del Escrivano de Camara del Consejo Real de las Indias.
3081:
Del Tesorero general de el Consejo Real de las Indias.
2812:"United States–Spain Treaties in Force, January 1, 2009"
2842:
Population of the Philippines Census Years 1799 to 2007
1124:
Routes of early Spanish expeditions in the Philippines.
770:
From 1565 to 1821 these territories, together with the
3101:
De el Coronista mayor del Consejo Real de las Indias.
3065:
Del Presidente, y los del Consejo Real de las Indias.
2363:
1180:
In 1606, the Spanish established trade links with the
3716:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
3077:
De los Secretarios de el Consejo Real de las Indias.
3034:(in Spanish). Vol. Libro Segundo. Archived from
2868:(1995), Theodore J. Cachey Jr.; et al. (eds.),
2730:
2665:
Cultural influence in the former Spanish East Indies
1204:
in 1628, which they occupied until they lost in the
442:
United States annexation of the Philippines and Guam
3089:De los Relatores de el Consejo Real de las Indias.
3085:Del Alguazil mayor del Consejo Real de las Indias.
2254:and kept the British confined to Manila and nearby
5898:1898 disestablishments in the Spanish East Indies
3031:Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias
981:at that time, but died shortly thereafter in the
5774:
3185:De las informaciones, y pareceres de servicios.
2487:in Northern part of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes).
4260:
3061:Del Consejo Real, y Iunta de Guerra de Indias.
2804:
2463:The Spanish East Indies came to be defined as:
5873:1565 establishments in the Spanish East Indies
3205:. Publicado por Imprenta del Diario de Manila.
3097:De los Contadores del Consejo Real de Indias.
2617:Islands were conquered in the 18th century by
2332:Economic Society of the Friends of the Country
90:
5893:States and territories disestablished in 1898
5823:History of the Federated States of Micronesia
3905:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
3386:
3359:The Impact of Spanish Rule in the Philippines
3189:De los Visitadores generales, y particulares.
3133:De los Alguaziles mayores de las Audiencias.
3073:Del Fiscal de el Consejo Real de las Indias.
2223:
1058:
1048:
1008:
1000:
613:Military Government of the Philippine Islands
76:
3580:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
2633:)—aside from outposts in Northern Mindanao,
2505:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
1184:, which continued until 1663. Contacts with
468:Remaining islands ceded to the United States
3200:
2934:: Duke University Press, pp. 313–335,
2307:, capital of the Spanish East Indies, 1899.
1053:limped back to Spain to complete the first
765:Rey de las Indias Orientales y Occidentales
40:It has been suggested that this article be
5868:States and territories established in 1565
3393:
3379:
3328:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
3289:
2230:
2216:
934:waited until the success of the 1519–1522
193:
5699:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
2939:
2898:(1906), James Alexander Robertson (ed.),
2894:
2657:sultanates, as well as a number of other
1682:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
595:Dictatorial Government of the Philippines
490:345,155 km (133,265 sq mi)
316:Taiwanese aboriginal traditional religion
5704:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2921:
2874:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
2625:, not until the late 1890s. The rest of
2576:(Nuevas Filipinas) (1686–1899) (now the
2520:
2475:, Taiwan, and in the islands of Gilolo,
2454:
2434:
2319:throughout the overseas possessions. An
2299:
1119:
883:
732:from 1565 to 1901, governed through the
455:Sale of the remaining islands to Germany
5863:19th century in the Spanish East Indies
5858:18th century in the Spanish East Indies
5853:17th century in the Spanish East Indies
5848:16th century in the Spanish East Indies
5833:History of the Northern Mariana Islands
4695:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
3014:
2853:National Statistical Coordination Board
2445:"Islas Filipínas, Marianas y Carolinas"
1421:Historically documented states/polities
1015:, the survivors were able to reach the
14:
5878:16th-century establishments in Oceania
5808:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
5775:
5648:
3323:
2995:
2864:
2281:
880:Exploration and Settlement (1521–1643)
875:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
429:Philippine declaration of independence
5647:
5543:
5542:
4666:
4544:
4259:
4118:
4086:
4023:
3960:
3875:
3798:
3738:
3652:
3641:
3413:
3412:
3374:
3354:Philippine "The Early Spanish Period"
3307:. Publications in History. Berkeley:
2792:Spanish American wars of independence
2676:Spanish influence on Filipino culture
1153:), Zamboanga was also taken from the
1082:Seeking to develop trade between the
754:Spanish American Wars of Independence
3976:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3468:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
2787:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2542:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2380:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2370:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2292:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1135:Captaincy General of the Philippines
47:Captaincy General of the Philippines
26:
5888:1821 disestablishments in New Spain
5679:Indochristian painting in New Spain
3799:
2928:Hispanic American Historical Review
2364:The Audiencia and Captaincy General
2296:Governor-General of the Philippines
748:, then later directly reporting to
251:(13 August 1898 – 10 December 1898)
24:
4646:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
4119:
3400:
3290:Cunningham, Charles Henry (1919).
2901:Magellan's Voyage around the World
1281:
25:
5919:
5908:1898 disestablishments in Oceania
3876:
3739:
3620:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
3341:
3022:de León Pinelo, Antonio Rodríguez
2398:Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias
1622:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi
1335:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
1101:to the Philippines in 1542–1543.
5818:European colonisation in Oceania
5731:Criollos in the colonial society
5659:Spanish missions in the Americas
4781:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2761:
2747:
2733:
2199:
774:, were administered through the
649:
631:
617:
599:
581:
552:
312:Micronesian traditional religion
176:
132:
116:
66:Spanish colony from 1565 to 1901
31:
5758:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
3642:
3283:
3194:
2989:
2908:: Arthur H. Clark Co., p.
2598:(Celebes) and of the Moluccas (
308:Philippine traditional religion
5903:1898 disestablishments in Asia
4087:
3810:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3518:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
3309:University of California Press
3256:
3220:
2964:
2948:
2915:
2888:
2858:
2835:
2578:Federated States of Micronesia
2495:Federated States of Micronesia
2430:
2317:extensive governmental reforms
2311:The Seven Years' War prompted
2028:2000 campaign against the MILF
1533:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1387:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
710:Federated States of Micronesia
320:Overseas Chinese folk religion
13:
1:
5813:European colonisation in Asia
5709:General Archive of the Indies
4970:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4641:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4626:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3575:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3528:War of the Spanish Succession
3493:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2922:Torodash, Martin (May 1971),
2797:
2409:, who will also be judges of
1692:Battles of La Naval de Manila
1206:Second Battle of San Salvador
1055:circumnavigation of the globe
851:German–Spanish Treaty of 1899
57:Proposed since February 2024.
4667:
3781:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3711:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3690:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3605:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
3275:Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya
3201:Díaz Arenas, Rafael (1830).
2974:. 2014-10-20. Archived from
2602:) (1580–1663) (now parts of
1543:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
92:Silangang Indiyas ng Espanya
7:
4545:
4261:Administrative subdivisions
3458:War of the League of Cognac
3324:Phelan, John Leddy (1959).
3267:Indias orientales españolas
2996:Cunningham, Charles Henry.
2726:
2723:being the most noticeable.
2692:
2669:
2350:Mexican War of Independence
2252:resist the British invasion
2033:2nd People Power Revolution
2023:1997 Asian financial crisis
1757:Declaration of Independence
930:, Spanish contact with the
78:Indias orientales españolas
10:
5924:
5798:Former colonies in Oceania
4975:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4960:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4862:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
4024:
3760:), Western United States (
3653:
3523:Portuguese Restoration War
3367:(archived 3 November 2012)
3026:de Solórzano Pereira, Juan
2673:
2483:in the Maluku Islands and
2367:
2285:
1762:American capture of Manila
1230:Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira
1188:were also established and
1090:across the Pacific Ocean,
1027:on 8 November. Its sultan
922:, a monopoly supported by
864:
860:
5743:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5654:
5643:
5549:
5538:
5436:
5330:
5323:
5208:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5030:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4940:
4809:
4771:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4733:
4677:
4673:
4662:
4631:Barcelona Trading Company
4598:
4555:
4551:
4540:
4444:
4396:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
4366:
4308:
4270:
4266:
4255:
4206:
4165:
4129:
4125:
4114:
4093:
4030:
3971:
3903:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3882:
3805:
3756:, Central United States (
3745:
3659:
3648:
3637:
3488:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
3473:Expulsion of the Moriscos
3419:
3408:
3361:(archived 1 October 2007)
3350:(archived 11 August 2007)
2941:10.1215/00182168-51.2.313
2924:"Magellan Historiography"
2561:(1667–1898 or 1899) (now
1642:Spanish capture of Manila
1248:Diego Luis de San Vitores
1238:a series of naval battles
1222:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
1200:in 1626 and a mission in
744:, initially reporting to
724:were the colonies of the
665:
531:
517:
513:
503:
499:
494:
486:
481:
477:
464:
451:
438:
425:
408:
391:
387:
377:
367:
363:
351:
341:• 1565–1598 (first)
339:
335:
325:
290:
268:
258:
229:
209:
203: Spanish East Indies
192:
162:
148:
112:
107:
71:
5684:Quito painting tradition
5674:Cusco painting tradition
5035:García López de Cárdenas
5025:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4932:Felipe González de Ahedo
4852:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
3429:Conquest of the Americas
3365:Guam History and Culture
3305:(Project Gutenberg)
3213:
2567:Northern Mariana Islands
2374:Real Audiencia of Manila
2352:, which resulted in the
2288:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2242:In 1762, British troops
2102:Administrative divisions
1817:American colonial period
1737:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
1573:Butuan Silver Paleograph
1558:Batanes Ijang fortresses
1501:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1372:Cordillera Rice Terraces
1115:Manila-Acapulco Galleons
1077:Capitulation of Zaragoza
776:Viceroyalty of New Spain
693:Northern Mariana Islands
627:Naval Government of Guam
560:Viceroyalty of New Spain
353:• 1886–1898 (last)
5883:1565 in the Philippines
5843:Maritime Southeast Asia
5793:Former colonies in Asia
5788:Former Spanish colonies
5469:Comuneros (New Granada)
5246:Balearic Islands (1558)
4965:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4892:Ruy López de Villalobos
4847:Miguel López de Legazpi
4761:García de Toledo Osorio
3625:Western Sahara conflict
3615:Independence of Morocco
3555:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3498:Piracy in the Caribbean
3483:French Wars of Religion
3274:
2526:The Murillo Velarde Map
2343:Manila-Acapulco galleon
1997:People Power Revolution
1777:Philippine–American War
1611:Spanish colonial period
1103:Miguel López de Legazpi
1099:Ruy López de Villalobos
965:, Magellan was able to
914:guarding access to the
810:and for a brief period
281:East Formosan languages
259:Official languages
91:
18:The Spanish East Indies
5714:Colonial Spanish Horse
5388:Colonia del Sacramento
4611:Spanish treasure fleet
4188:Royal Decree of Graces
3266:
2533:
2507:and the United States
2460:
2452:
2428:
2308:
2206:Philippines portal
2182:Science and technology
1799:UST Baybayin Documents
1747:Treaty of Paris (1898)
1325:Austronesian expansion
1310:Early hominin activity
1286:
1125:
1059:
1049:
1009:
1001:
907:
857:was ratified in 1901.
764:
77:
4872:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4832:Juan Sebastián Elcano
4147:Council of the Indies
3508:Spanish–Moro conflict
3478:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3438:Treaty of Tordesillas
2641:, and the islands of
2544:(1565–1898) (now the
2524:
2458:
2438:
2403:
2303:
2127:Cultural achievements
1951:Filipino First policy
1941:Mutual Defense Treaty
1895:Philippine resistance
1727:Philippine Revolution
1687:Spanish–Moro conflict
1677:Revolts and uprisings
1563:Golden Tara of Agusan
1285:
1254:were later martyred.
1123:
928:Treaty of Tordesillas
887:
277:Micronesian languages
269:Common languages
5669:Mesoamerican Codices
5393:Comuneros (Paraguay)
5231:Siege of Castelnuovo
4817:Christopher Columbus
4636:Consulate of the Sea
4616:Casa de Contratación
4207:Titles and positions
3600:Spanish–American War
3590:Liberal constitution
3433:Asia and the Pacific
3169:De los Interpretes.
2415:Archipelago of China
2358:Spanish–American War
2354:First Mexican Empire
2187:World Heritage Sites
2053:Territorial disputes
1956:North Borneo dispute
1946:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1910:Philippines campaign
1905:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1885:Battle of Corregidor
1860:Tydings–McDuffie Act
1752:Battle of Manila Bay
1742:Spanish–American War
1350:Precolonial barangay
1214:Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
1143:Kedatuans of Dapitan
1057:on September 6, the
961:. Upon reaching the
855:Treaty of Washington
839:Spanish–American War
273:Philippine languages
5783:Spanish East Indies
5398:Cartagena de Indias
5020:Diego de Mazariegos
4990:Pere Fages i Beleta
4857:Sebastián de Ocampo
4338:Provincias Internas
4310:Captaincies General
4224:Municipal president
4193:School of Salamanca
3964:Spanish East Indies
3943:Misiones Orientales
3815:Spanish West Indies
3779:, Central America (
3726:Pyrénées-Orientales
3679:Union with Portugal
3570:Napoleonic invasion
3550:War of Jenkins' Ear
3243:Mestizos de Sangley
2517:(Republic of Palau)
2423:Kingdoms of Castile
2328:José Basco y Vargas
2282:Colonial government
2048:Philippine drug war
2010:Contemporary period
1977:Communist rebellion
1875:Japanese occupation
1840:Military Government
1794:Doctrina Christiana
1702:Propaganda Movement
1657:Spanish East Indies
1647:Battle of Bangkusay
1593:Magellan expedition
1511:Sultanates of Lanao
1506:Sultanate of Buayan
1139:Rajahnate of Butuan
867:Magellan Expedition
837:As a result of the
772:Spanish West Indies
722:Spanish East Indies
73:Spanish East Indies
5694:Academia Antártica
5649:Other civil topics
5015:Pánfilo de Narváez
4917:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4882:Andrés de Urdaneta
4842:Juan Ponce de León
4827:Ferdinand Magellan
4801:Bernardo de Gálvez
4700:Indian auxiliaries
4198:Trial of residence
4178:Laws of the Indies
3962:Asia and Oceania (
3823:Dominican Republic
2896:Pigafetta, Antonio
2866:Pigafetta, Antonio
2847:2012-07-04 at the
2741:Philippines portal
2534:
2461:
2453:
2309:
1850:Insular Government
1835:Zamboanga Republic
1732:Tejeros Convention
1722:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1707:1872 Cavite mutiny
1415:Precolonial period
1355:Maritime Silk Road
1330:Angono Petroglyphs
1302:Prehistoric period
1287:
1224:in 1568), and the
1194:Fort Santo Domingo
1190:Sebastián Vizcaíno
1126:
1111:Andrés de Urdaneta
1092:Antonio de Mendoza
1079:on 22 April 1529.
908:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5639:
5638:
5544:Spanish conquests
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5319:
5318:
5000:Pedro de Alvarado
4985:Gaspar de Portolà
4980:Pedro de Valdivia
4955:Francisco Pizarro
4907:Nicolás de Ovando
4902:Alonso de Ercilla
4877:Alonso de Salazar
4710:Ships of the line
4658:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4082:
4081:
4039:Northern Africa (
4035:Equatorial Guinea
4019:
4018:
3956:
3955:
3871:
3870:
3794:
3793:
3785:Spanish Caribbean
3758:Spanish Louisiana
3734:
3733:
3669:Crown of Castille
3633:
3632:
3610:Spanish Civil War
3585:Adams–Onís Treaty
3565:Nootka Convention
3513:Thirty Years' War
3503:Eighty Years' War
3424:Catholic Monarchs
3414:Timeline–immersed
3296:Bolton, Herbert E
3292:Stephens, H Morse
3002:www.gutenberg.org
2782:Dutch East Indies
2532:), (Manila, 1734)
2509:Territory of Guam
2240:
2239:
2087:Ancient religions
2068:COVID-19 pandemic
1923:Post-independence
1662:Captaincy General
1538:Butuan Ivory Seal
1516:Sultanate of Sulu
1397:Prehistoric beads
1226:Marquesas Islands
1155:Sultanate of Sulu
947:Southwest Passage
906:
888:Reception of the
824:Dutch East Indies
734:captaincy general
718:
717:
661:
660:
657:
656:
645:German New Guinea
565:
564:
185:
64:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
5915:
5838:History of Palau
5645:
5644:
5611:Chibchan Nations
5540:
5539:
5509:Santiago de Cuba
5368:Guadalupe Island
5328:
5327:
5055:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5010:Diego de Almagro
4887:Antonio de Ulloa
4791:Ambrosio Spinola
4786:Pedro de Zubiaur
4756:Alfonso d'Avalos
4746:Antonio de Leyva
4690:Army of Flanders
4675:
4674:
4664:
4663:
4553:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4256:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4084:
4083:
4057:Peñón of Algiers
4021:
4020:
3958:
3957:
3873:
3872:
3796:
3795:
3778:
3736:
3735:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3560:Seven Years' War
3533:Queen Anne's War
3410:
3409:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3337:
3320:
3306:
3277:
3260:
3254:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2930:, vol. 51,
2919:
2913:
2912:
2904:, vol. II,
2892:
2886:
2884:
2862:
2856:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2817:. Archived from
2816:
2808:
2777:Spanish Filipino
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2396:Recopilación de
2330:established the
2248:Seven Years' War
2232:
2225:
2218:
2204:
2203:
2202:
1936:Treaty of Manila
1880:Battle of Bataan
1825:Tagalog Republic
1767:Malolos Congress
1712:La Liga Filipina
1697:British invasion
1667:Tondo Conspiracy
1637:Blockade of Cebu
1598:Battle of Mactan
1522:Events/Artifacts
1425:(north to south)
1361:Events/Artifacts
1345:Sa Huỳnh culture
1275:
1257:
1256:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1014:
1006:
983:Battle of Mactan
904:
898:Ladrones Islands
730:Asia and Oceania
653:
652:
635:
634:
621:
620:
603:
602:
585:
584:
569:
568:
556:
555:
549:
548:
533:
532:
460:12 February 1899
447:10 December 1898
372:Cortes Generales
213:Colonies of the
202:
197:
187:
186:
158:"Further Beyond"
136:
120:
102:
94:
88:
80:
69:
68:
55:
35:
34:
27:
21:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5828:History of Guam
5773:
5772:
5771:
5762:
5738:Old inquisition
5650:
5635:
5545:
5518:
5474:Trinidad (1797)
5444:La Noche Triste
5432:
5428:San Juan (1797)
5378:San Juan (1595)
5315:
5204:
5044:Notable battles
5039:
5005:Martín de Ursúa
4936:
4867:Alonso de Ojeda
4837:Juan de la Cosa
4822:Pinzón brothers
4805:
4776:John of Austria
4751:Martín de Goiti
4729:
4669:
4650:
4594:
4547:
4528:
4440:
4436:Terra Australis
4431:Río de la Plata
4376:Castilla de Oro
4362:
4304:
4300:Río de la Plata
4262:
4243:
4202:
4161:
4157:Santa Hermandad
4121:
4102:
4098:Terra Australis
4089:
4078:
4045:Spanish Morocco
4026:
4015:
4006:Northern Taiwan
3967:
3952:
3923:Río de la Plata
3878:
3867:
3801:
3800:Central America
3790:
3772:
3741:
3730:
3674:Crown of Aragon
3655:
3644:
3629:
3545:Bourbon Reforms
3415:
3404:
3399:
3344:
3304:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3261:
3257:
3252:Spanish Formosa
3225:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3199:
3195:
3044:
3042:
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2018:Fifth Republic
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2012:(1986–present)
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969:and ally with
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5281:Montes Claros
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4815:
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4808:
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4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Duke of Savoy
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
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4609:
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4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:Dollar (Peso)
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4539:
4525:
4524:Santo Domingo
4522:
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4505:
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4497:
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4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:New Andalusia
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Santo Domingo
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4272:Viceroyalties
4269:
4265:
4258:
4254:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
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4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
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4158:
4155:
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4148:
4145:
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4132:
4128:
4124:
4117:
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4022:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
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3977:
3974:
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3970:
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3959:
3948:
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3940:
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3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3877:South America
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
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3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3797:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:Spanish Texas
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3740:North America
3737:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Franche-Comté
3719:
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3709:
3707:
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3259:
3253:
3249:
3248:Han Taiwanese
3245:
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3204:
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3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3041:on 2011-05-27
3037:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2978:on 2014-10-20
2977:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2881:9781442692077
2877:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2824:on 2017-02-09
2820:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2788:
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2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:Taiwan portal
2759:
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2745:
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2718:
2714:
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2706:
2701:
2690:
2687:
2686:Spanish names
2683:
2677:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
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2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2279:
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2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:and his wife
2261:
2257:
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2211:
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2110:
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2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Moro conflict
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1957:
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1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
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1924:
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1911:
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1416:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Manunggul Jar
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
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1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
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1178:
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1167:
1163:
1162:Castilian War
1158:
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1136:
1132:
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1118:
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1112:
1108:
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1074:
1070:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
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1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:Spice Islands
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
998:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:Rajah Humabon
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:South America
948:
945:that found a
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
876:
872:
868:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:United States
841:in 1898, the
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:and parts of
813:
809:
805:
802:, as well as
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
761:king of Spain
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:Spanish Crown
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
711:
708:
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
668:
666:Today part of
664:
648:
646:
643:
639:
638:
630:
628:
625:
624:
616:
614:
611:
607:
606:
598:
596:
593:
589:
588:
580:
578:
577:Dutch Formosa
575:
571:
570:
567:
561:
558:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
480:
476:
473:23 March 1901
472:
469:
463:
459:
456:
450:
446:
443:
437:
433:
430:
424:
420:
417:
413:
407:
404:27 April 1565
403:
400:
396:
390:
386:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
366:
362:
359:
356:
350:
347:
344:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
232:
228:
222:
218:
217:
216:
212:
208:
196:
191:
173:"Royal March"
171:
170:
165:
161:
156:
155:
151:
147:
141:
135:
127:
119:
111:
106:
100:
93:
86:
79:
70:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
5664:Architecture
5559:The Americas
5423:Newfoundland
5413:Túpac Katari
5403:Cuerno Verde
5338:Tenochtitlan
5170:Valenciennes
4927:Luis Fajardo
4796:Blas de Lezo
4741:Duke of Alba
4621:Spanish Road
4459:Buenos Aires
4368:Governorates
4137:Ayuntamiento
4130:Organization
3963:
3595:Carlist Wars
3443:Italian Wars
3432:
3325:
3300:
3284:Bibliography
3258:
3241:
3222:
3202:
3196:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3043:. Retrieved
3036:the original
3030:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:
2991:
2980:. Retrieved
2976:the original
2966:
2956:
2950:
2927:
2917:
2900:
2890:
2870:
2860:
2852:
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2819:the original
2806:
2755:Spain portal
2696:
2679:
2612:
2609:
2554:(1574–1899).
2535:
2529:
2515:Islas Palaos
2462:
2444:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2384:
2378:In 1574 the
2377:
2347:
2336:
2320:
2315:to initiate
2310:
2260:Diego Silang
2241:
1870:World War II
1865:Commonwealth
1782:
1781:
1656:
1616:
1583:Barter rings
1521:
1520:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1382:Kalanay Cave
1360:
1359:
1340:Jade culture
1242:
1234:
1179:
1170:
1159:
1137:. The Hindu
1130:
1127:
1081:
916:Indian Ocean
909:
836:
784:independence
769:
758:
721:
719:
641:
609:
591:
573:
542:Succeeded by
541:
536:
505:• 1877
434:12 June 1898
358:Alfonso XIII
167:
163:
152:
150:Motto:
149:
140:Coat of arms
56:
45:
5631:Philippines
5596:El Salvador
5216:Capo d'Orso
5100:St. Quentin
5075:Rome (1527)
4734:Strategists
4484:Guadalajara
4411:New Navarre
4406:New Castile
4391:La Luisiana
4343:Puerto Rico
4333:Philippines
4290:New Granada
3980:Philippines
3941:(Uruguay),
3937:(Bolivia),
3887:New Granada
3827:Puerto Rico
3773: [
3643:Territories
3463:Encomiendas
2655:Maguindanao
2546:Philippines
2431:Territories
2407:civil cases
2322:intendencia
2313:Charles III
2112:Archaeology
2107:Agriculture
1987:Martial law
1971:(1965–1986)
1925:(1946–1965)
1819:(1898–1946)
1804:Velarde map
1789:Boxer Codex
1613:(1565–1898)
1402:Shell tools
1377:Grave goods
1272:History of
1151:Reconquista
1084:East Indies
963:Philippines
924:papal bulls
902:Boxer Codex
792:Philippines
780:Mexico City
746:Mexico City
673:Philippines
537:Preceded by
368:Legislature
295:Catholicism
245:(1571–1898)
239:(1565–1571)
223:(1565–1821)
169:Marcha Real
126:(1843–1899)
5777:Categories
5301:Somosierra
5291:Manila Bay
5165:Nördlingen
5105:Gravelines
4585:Columnario
4557:Currencies
4474:Concepción
4446:Audiencias
4421:New Toledo
4386:La Florida
4219:Corregidor
4183:Papal bull
4088:Antarctica
3996:Micronesia
3453:Golden Age
3334:B0007DMLSE
3045:2014-11-08
3007:2022-11-16
2982:2022-11-16
2828:2017-06-25
2798:References
2653:, and the
2619:José Basco
2417:, and its
2385:ex officio
2286:See also:
2063:Bangsamoro
1969:Marcos era
1900:Hukbalahap
1578:Piloncitos
1417:(900–1565)
1210:New Guinea
1107:San Miguel
1043:on nearby
1017:city-state
943:expedition
912:Portuguese
808:Micronesia
806:, part of
752:after the
495:Population
397:colonizes
154:Plus Ultra
5803:New Spain
5606:Nicaragua
5584:Guatemala
5494:Pichincha
5479:Chacabuco
5418:Pensacola
5363:Mataquito
5343:Cajamarca
5324:New World
5296:Trafalgar
5200:Alhucemas
5080:Landriano
5065:Comuneros
5051:Old World
4995:Joan Orpí
4715:Royalists
4489:Guatemala
4416:New Spain
4353:Venezuela
4328:Guatemala
4285:New Spain
4280:Columbian
4173:Exequatur
4073:Cape Juby
3927:Argentina
3750:New Spain
3684:Gibraltar
3448:Habsburgs
2906:Cleveland
2717:Halo-halo
2635:Zamboanga
2604:Indonesia
2594:parts of
2583:parts of
2574:Carolines
2360:of 1898.
2339:audiencia
2157:Languages
2147:Geography
2137:Education
2122:Conflicts
1855:Jones Law
1783:Artifacts
1717:Katipunan
1652:New Spain
1320:Tabon Man
1304:(pre-900)
1243:In 1668,
1045:Halmahera
1029:Al-Mansur
953:into the
910:With the
905:(c. 1590)
778:based in
698:Indonesia
509:5,567,685
346:Philip II
291:Religion
221:New Spain
108:1565–1901
5616:Colombia
5601:Honduras
5514:Asomante
5499:Ayacucho
5489:Carabobo
5464:Curalaba
5241:Ceresole
5135:Gembloux
5095:Mühlberg
4810:Mariners
4668:Military
4590:Doubloon
4575:Maravedí
4519:Santiago
4426:Paraguay
4152:Germania
3992:Caroline
3947:Malvinas
3931:Paraguay
3891:Colombia
3833:Trinidad
3700:Sardinia
3540:Bourbons
3317:19679822
3298:(eds.).
3271:Filipino
3238:Mestizos
2845:Archived
2727:See also
2713:Kelaguen
2700:Chamorro
2693:Filipino
2670:Hispanic
2639:Cotabato
2627:Mindanao
2596:Sulawesi
2559:Marianas
2419:Mainland
2264:Gabriela
2177:Politics
2167:Military
2162:Medicine
2080:By topic
2038:EDSA III
1553:Baybayin
1528:Maragtas
1496:Sanmalan
1476:Madja-as
1431:Caboloan
1367:Balangay
1293:Timeline
1263:a series
1261:Part of
1174:Veracruz
1166:Cambodia
1147:Madja-as
1141:and the
1088:Americas
1086:and the
1060:Trinidad
1050:Victoria
1011:Victoria
1007:and the
1003:Trinidad
959:Marianas
936:Magellan
932:Far East
926:and the
920:the Cape
894:Chamorro
826:(VOC)).
820:Moluccas
818:and the
798:and the
782:. After
740:for the
518:Currency
99:Filipino
5748:Asiento
5719:Mustang
5579:Yucatán
5574:Chiapas
5454:Tucapel
5286:Passaro
5236:Algiers
5226:Preveza
5195:Tetouan
5190:Vitoria
5180:Bitonto
5120:Antwerp
5115:Lepanto
5070:Bicocca
4546:Economy
4469:Charcas
4464:Caracas
4358:Yucatán
4229:Regidor
4214:Alcalde
4142:Cabildo
4049:Tripoli
3988:Mariana
3935:Charcas
3911:(Peru,
3895:Ecuador
3858:Bonaire
3853:Curazao
3838:Jamaica
3766:Florida
3263:Spanish
3246:), and
3235:Chinese
3233:, some
3231:Chinese
3228:Sangley
3051:Títulos
2643:Basilan
2623:Palawan
2615:Batanes
2585:Formosa
2477:Ternate
2473:Keelung
2276:Menorca
2272:Florida
2142:Economy
1627:Sandugo
1588:Luzones
1481:Dapitan
1451:Maynila
1446:Namayan
1245:Blessed
1198:Keelung
1075:in the
1065:Charles
1041:Jailolo
1037:Ternate
1023:in the
997:Enrique
967:convert
955:Pacific
949:around
918:around
896:in the
892:by the
861:History
849:in the
847:Germany
786:of the
466:•
453:•
440:•
427:•
410:•
395:Legazpi
393:•
327:Monarch
285:Hokkien
263:Spanish
230:Capital
164:Anthem:
85:Spanish
52:Discuss
5726:Castas
5484:Boyacá
5459:Guiana
5449:Iguape
5373:Recife
5311:Mactan
5306:Annual
5271:Rocroi
5266:Leiden
5251:Djerba
5185:Bailén
5140:Ostend
5125:Azores
4720:Legión
4685:Tercio
4678:Armies
4580:Escudo
4509:Panamá
4504:Mexico
4499:Manila
4454:Bogotá
4239:Vecino
4234:Syndic
4065:Béjaïa
4025:Africa
4011:Tidore
3899:Panama
3863:Belize
3770:Mexico
3696:Sicily
3692:Naples
3654:Europe
3332:
3315:
3226:Among
3183:xxxiii
3163:xxviii
3024:&
2932:Durham
2878:
2709:Lumpia
2705:Pancit
2589:Taiwan
2485:Manado
2481:Tidore
2479:, and
2449:Manila
2305:Manila
2294:, and
2270:, for
2268:Havana
2256:Cavite
2092:Rulers
1617:Events
1491:Butuan
1471:Sandao
1466:Pulilu
1456:Ibalon
1436:Cainta
1265:on the
1202:Tamsui
1131:Manila
1096:in-law
1073:ducats
1067:
1021:Tidore
973:, the
940:Elcano
873:, and
832:Manila
750:Madrid
738:Manila
683:Taiwan
331:
249:Iloilo
243:Manila
210:Status
201:
166:
95:
81:
42:merged
5621:Chile
5589:Petén
5564:Aztec
5383:Bahia
5358:Penco
5348:Cusco
5276:Downs
5256:Tunis
5175:Ceuta
5160:Breda
5110:Malta
5090:Tunis
5085:Pavia
4599:Trade
4514:Quito
4479:Cusco
4318:Chile
4053:Tunis
4000:Palau
3917:Chile
3848:Aruba
3843:Haiti
3777:]
3706:Milan
3664:Spain
3214:Notes
3187:xxxiv
3179:xxxii
3159:xxvii
3143:xxiii
3123:xviii
3039:(pdf)
2822:(PDF)
2815:(PDF)
2659:Lumad
2587:(now
2552:Palau
2493:(the
2469:Luzon
2172:Names
1441:Tondo
1196:near
1186:Japan
994:slave
991:Malay
975:Rajah
804:Palau
688:Palau
642:1899:
610:1898:
592:1897:
574:1642:
304:Islam
44:into
5626:Inca
5569:Maya
5504:Guam
5437:Lost
5209:Lost
5130:Mons
4570:Real
4494:Lima
4381:Cuba
4323:Cuba
4295:Perú
4071:and
4069:Ifni
4061:Oran
3984:Guam
3913:Acre
3909:Peru
3819:Cuba
3698:and
3330:ASIN
3313:OCLC
3175:xxxi
3167:xxix
3155:xxvi
3147:xxiv
3139:xxii
3119:xvii
3103:xiii
3083:viii
2876:ISBN
2721:Okoy
2719:and
2651:Sulu
2647:Jolo
2645:and
2572:the
2565:and
2563:Guam
2557:the
2540:the
2439:The
2372:and
2274:and
1486:Cebu
1461:Ma-i
1145:and
989:his
987:free
979:Cebu
828:Cebu
796:Guam
759:The
720:The
678:Guam
487:1877
482:Area
412:Loss
399:Cebu
237:Cebu
124:Flag
5331:Won
5058:Won
4166:Law
4063:,
3783:),
3764:),
3250:in
3171:xxx
3151:xxv
3135:xxi
3127:xix
3115:xvi
3107:xiv
3099:xii
3079:vii
3063:iii
2936:doi
2910:218
2443:'s
1035:of
1019:of
977:of
767:).
736:in
728:in
414:of
50:. (
5779::
4067:,
4059:,
4055:,
4051:,
4047:,
4043:,
3998:,
3994:,
3990:,
3986:,
3982:,
3945:,
3933:,
3929:,
3915:,
3901:,
3897:,
3893:,
3825:,
3821:,
3775:es
3768:,
3694:,
3431:,
3311:.
3294:;
3273::
3269:;
3265::
3131:xx
3111:xv
3095:xi
3087:ix
3075:vi
3067:iv
3059:ii
3053::
3048:.
3000:.
2926:,
2851:.
2715:,
2711:,
2707:,
2637:,
2606:).
2580:).
2569:).
2548:).
2391:.
2334:.
2290:,
900:,
869:,
834:.
794:,
756:.
524:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
306:,
301:),
4075:)
4002:)
3978:(
3966:)
3949:)
3925:(
3919:)
3889:(
3829:)
3817:(
3787:)
3752:(
3702:)
3394:e
3387:t
3380:v
3336:.
3319:.
3240:(
3091:x
3071:v
3055:i
3010:.
2985:.
2961:.
2945:.
2938::
2885:.
2855:.
2831:.
2629:(
2528:(
2511:)
2503:(
2497:)
2231:e
2224:t
2217:v
1228:(
1220:(
1212:(
1117:.
1069:I
938:–
822:(
297:(
101:)
97:(
87:)
83:(
54:)
20:)
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