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The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)

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his father's servants had a better station in life than he. His father receives him with a tender gesture and welcomes him as his own son. His hands seem to suggest mothering and fathering at once; the left appears larger and more masculine, set on the son's shoulder, while the right is softer and more receptive in gesture. Standing at the right is the prodigal son's older brother, who crosses his hands in judgment; in the parable he objects to the father's compassion for the sinful son:
219:, he had lived a life in which neither the lostness of the younger son nor the lostness of the elder son was alien to him. Both needed healing and forgiveness. Both needed to come home. Both needed the embrace of a forgiving father. But from the story itself, as well as from Rembrandt's painting, it is clear that the hardest conversion to go through is the conversion of the one who stayed home. 140:
In the painting, the son has returned home in a wretched state from travels in which he has wasted his inheritance and fallen into poverty and despair. He kneels before his father in repentance, wishing for forgiveness and the position of a servant in his father's household, having realized that even
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artists in the evocation of religious mood and human sympathy. The aged artist's power of realism is not diminished, but increased by psychological insight and spiritual awareness ... The observer is roused to a feeling of some extraordinary event ... The whole represents a symbol of homecoming, of
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But he answered his father, "Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this, your son, came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for
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includes figures not directly related to the parable but seen in some of these earlier works; their identities have been debated. The woman at top left, barely visible, is likely the mother, while the seated man, whose dress implies wealth, may be an advisor to the estate or a tax collector.
196:"may be most moving painting. It is also his quietest—a moment stretching into eternity. So pervasive is the mood of tender silence that the viewer feels a kinship with this group. That bond is perhaps stronger and more intimate in this picture than in any earlier work of art." 174:
demonstrates the mastery of the late Rembrandt. His evocation of spirituality and the parable's message of forgiveness has been considered the height of his art. Rembrandt scholar Rosenberg (et al.) calls the painting "monumental", writing that Rembrandt
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in 1986, where he was able to contemplate the painting alone for hours. Considering the role of the father and sons in the parable in relation to Rembrandt's biography, he wrote:
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Rembrandt was moved by the parable, and he made a variety of drawings, etchings, and paintings on the theme that spanned decades, beginning with a 1636 etching (see Gallery).
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The father explains, "But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found" (Luke 15:32).
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interprets the Christian idea of mercy with extraordinary solemnity, as though this were his spiritual testament to the world. goes beyond the work of all other
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as "a picture which those who have seen the original in St. Petersburg may be forgiven for claiming as the greatest picture ever painted".
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Rembrandt is as much the elder son of the parable as he is the younger. When, during the last years of his life, he painted both sons in
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the darkness of human existence illuminated by tenderness, of weary and sinful mankind taking refuge in the shelter of God's mercy.
125:. It is among the Dutch master's final works, likely completed within two years of his death in 1669 . Depicting the moment of the 1608: 1461: 1410: 1338: 1208: 1008: 844: 684: 37: 2391: 580: 472: 2036: 1931: 1184: 1168: 876: 486: 456: 435: 414: 391: 2233: 1874: 1712: 868: 860: 1640: 1569: 1445: 1016: 724: 517: 1418: 1200: 1048: 668: 2350: 2260: 1814: 1545: 1537: 1505: 1136: 1104: 940: 820: 732: 628: 2055: 1553: 1521: 1216: 1040: 852: 764: 2376: 2318: 2020: 1728: 1402: 836: 748: 700: 555: 258: 248: 1958: 1743: 1736: 1589: 1577: 1561: 1497: 1322: 1088: 988: 676: 652: 543: 275: 22: 1753: 1672: 1598: 1160: 908: 756: 539: 535: 884: 2294: 2207: 2141: 1854: 1593: 1064: 900: 788: 740: 588: 572: 207:(1992), using the parable and Rembrandt's painting as frameworks. He begins by describing his visit to the 2168: 1975: 1370: 1354: 1096: 1024: 956: 932: 620: 547: 126: 2333: 2194: 2149: 1846: 1798: 1648: 1264: 1240: 1224: 1056: 964: 1943: 2252: 1951: 1763: 1469: 1362: 1298: 1256: 1128: 1080: 995: 716: 708: 604: 2381: 2095: 2087: 1632: 1426: 948: 660: 644: 2012: 1688: 1656: 1280: 1152: 510: 2200: 1696: 1386: 892: 564: 208: 2286: 2122: 1822: 1790: 1782: 1774: 1680: 796: 233: 2176: 2079: 1911: 1862: 1806: 1032: 980: 8: 2114: 1394: 692: 149: 1897: 1830: 1453: 828: 596: 503: 481: 2225: 2071: 1995: 1904: 1720: 1378: 452: 431: 410: 403: 387: 380: 1704: 1624: 1232: 1112: 924: 118: 92: 88: 1882: 1616: 1248: 1192: 972: 446: 425: 2326: 1887: 1120: 122: 106: 2370: 1892: 1838: 1664: 134: 2063: 427:
The return of the prodigal son: a meditation on fathers, brothers, and sons
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262 cm × 205 cm (103 in × 81 in)
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Rembrandt's 1636 etching on the subject, influenced by a woodcut by
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The Biblical Rembrandt: human painter in a landscape of faith
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Pendant portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
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Diana Bathing with her Nymphs with Actaeon and Callisto
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Rosenberg, J., Slive, S., & Ter, K. E. H. (1997 ).
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The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming
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by Jan Blanc, professor at the University of Geneva
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An assumption based on earlier drawings. Durham 176
133:, it is a renowned work described by art historian 423: 402: 379: 487:A free educational documentary about Rembrandt's 401:Horst Woldemar Janson; Anthony F. Janson (2003). 2368: 448:The Blackwell companion to the Bible and culture 613:Bust of a Man Wearing a Gorget and Plumed Beret 1490:Self-Portrait Wearing a White Feathered Bonnet 1959: 1530:Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar 1514:Self-Portrait in a Black Beret and Gold Chain 511: 917:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family 311: 309: 2356:Return of the Prodigal Son (disambiguation) 1478:Portrait of a Young Man with a Golden Chain 1966: 1952: 1177:Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther 518: 504: 335:Dutch art and architecture 1600–1800 306: 129:'s return to his father in the Biblical 1339:Portrait of a Man Rising from His Chair 685:The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp 2369: 581:Suffer little children to come unto me 444: 377: 1947: 1169:Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law 499: 405:History of art: the Western tradition 1713:Descent from the Cross by Torchlight 869:Samson Threatening His Father-In-Law 1446:Self-Portrait with Dishevelled Hair 13: 1419:Portrait of a Man with Arms Akimbo 1201:The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis 14: 2403: 2387:Paintings in the Hermitage Museum 2351:The Prodigal Son (disambiguation) 1546:Self-Portrait as the Apostle Paul 1145:Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph 1137:The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Deijman 941:Landscape with the Good Samaritan 466: 111:De terugkeer van de verloren zoon 1769:Cultural depictions of Rembrandt 1554:Self-Portrait as Zeuxis Laughing 1041:Abraham Serving the Three Angels 473:The work at the Hermitage Museum 257: 240: 225: 117:, part of the collection of the 36: 2021:The Prodigal Son in the Brothel 1729:The Virgin and Child with a Cat 1403:Portrait of Catharina Hooghsaet 837:The Prodigal Son in the Brothel 749:The Storm on the Sea of Galilee 249:The Prodigal Son in the Brothel 2261:Le retour de l'enfant prodigue 2029:The Return of the Prodigal Son 1737:Christ Presented to the People 1578:Self-Portrait at the Age of 63 1562:Self-Portrait with Two Circles 1498:Self-Portrait at the Age of 34 1323:Portrait of Jacob de Gheyn III 1273:The Return of the Prodigal Son 1089:Aristotle with a Bust of Homer 677:Andromeda Chained to the Rocks 358: 349: 340: 327: 318: 297: 288: 276:List of paintings by Rembrandt 172:The Return of the Prodigal Son 160:The Return of the Prodigal Son 102:The Return of the Prodigal Son 31:The Return of the Prodigal Son 23:The Prodigal Son in the Tavern 1: 2392:Paintings of the Prodigal Son 1802: (1954 documentary film) 1217:Syndics of the Drapers' Guild 909:The Preacher Eleazar Swalmius 757:A Lady and Gentleman in Black 525: 371: 2319:The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's 2295:Reconciliatio et paenitentia 901:Landscape with Arched Bridge 845:Raising of the Cross (study) 741:The Shipbuilder and his Wife 637:The Parable of the Rich Fool 573:The Stoning of Saint Stephen 478:High-resolution reproduction 166: 7: 1976:Parable of the Prodigal Son 1371:Portrait of Petronella Buys 1355:Portrait of Marten Soolmans 1331:Aeltje Pietersdr Uylenburgh 1209:Saint Matthew and the Angel 1097:A Woman Bathing in a Stream 1025:The Holy Family with Angels 1009:The Woman Taken in Adultery 957:The Girl in a Picture Frame 933:The Wedding Feast of Samson 621:Tobit and Anna with the Kid 445:Sawyer, John F. A. (2006). 424:Henri J. M. Nouwen (1992). 386:. Mercer University Press. 269: 10: 2408: 1799:Rembrandt: A Self-Portrait 1609:Joseph and Potiphar's Wife 1225:Homer Dictating his Verses 965:The Scholar at the Lectern 489:Return of the Prodigal Son 217:Return of the Prodigal Son 20: 2343: 2305: 2278: 2253:Tears of the Prodigal Son 2244: 2217: 2187: 2160: 2133: 2106: 2047: 2004: 1983: 1921: 1873: 1855:I Am Rembrandt's Daughter 1764:Bibliography of Rembrandt 1752: 1588: 1470:Self-Portrait in a Gorget 1437: 1363:Portrait of Oopjen Coppit 1299:Portrait of Nicolaes Ruts 1290: 1257:Young Woman with a Lapdog 1185:The Denial of Saint Peter 717:Philosopher in Meditation 709:Old Man with a Gold Chain 605:The Baptism of the Eunuch 554: 533: 84: 76: 62: 54: 44: 35: 30: 1633:The Artist and his Model 1427:Portrait of Dirck van Os 1347:Oval Portrait of a Woman 949:Still Life with Peacocks 861:The Entombment of Christ 661:Anna and the Blind Tobit 645:The Artist in his Studio 378:Durham, John I. (2004). 281: 113:) is an oil painting by 21:Not to be confused with 2334:The Burglar's Christmas 1641:The Death of the Virgin 1281:Landscape with a Castle 1153:Courtesan at her Mirror 725:The Abduction of Europa 2377:Paintings by Rembrandt 1387:Portrait of Maria Trip 1073:Descent from the Cross 1049:Susanna and the Elders 893:The Blinding of Samson 813:Descent from the Cross 773:Descent from the Cross 669:The Raising of Lazarus 221: 209:State Hermitage Museum 186: 153: 110: 2287:Dives in misericordia 1681:Hundred Guilder Print 1105:Bathsheba at Her Bath 733:Adoration of the Magi 629:The Flight into Egypt 409:. Prentice Hall PTR. 234:Martin van Heemskerck 213: 177: 143: 16:Painting by Rembrandt 2080:The Prodigal Trilogy 1912:Vereniging Rembrandt 1863:The Rembrandt Affair 1847:Rembrandt's J'Accuse 1807:Rembrandt fecit 1669 981:Concord of the State 853:The Rape of Ganymede 765:Raising of the Cross 303:Quoted in Durham 183 2201:Walkin' to Missouri 2115:The London Prodigal 1978:in arts and culture 1697:Goldweigher's Field 1673:Portrait of Jan Six 1395:Portrait of Jan Six 1315:Portrait of a Woman 877:The Standard Bearer 701:Christ on the Cross 693:Christ with a Staff 451:. Wiley-Blackwell. 430:. Doubleday Books. 150:World English Bible 1850:(2008 documentary) 1831:Stealing Rembrandt 1818: (1995 novel) 1815:The Anatomy Lesson 1454:Rembrandt Laughing 989:David and Jonathan 821:Belshazzar's Feast 653:Samson and Delilah 597:Balaam and the Ass 482:Google Art Project 2364: 2363: 2177:L'enfant prodigue 2142:L'enfant prodigue 2056:L'Enfant prodigue 1996:Parables of Jesus 1941: 1940: 1826: (1999 film) 1794: (1942 film) 1786: (1940 film) 1778: (1936 film) 1721:The Three Crosses 1411:Portrait of a Man 1379:A Polish Nobleman 1307:Portrait of a Man 1161:Saint Bartholomew 536:Lists of drawings 458:978-1-4051-0136-3 437:978-0-385-41867-6 416:978-0-13-182895-7 393:978-0-86554-886-2 98: 97: 2399: 2234:The Prodigal Son 2169:The Prodigal Son 2150:The Prodigal Son 2037:The Prodigal Son 1968: 1961: 1954: 1945: 1944: 1934: 1927: 1705:Doctor Fautrieus 1625:River with Trees 1233:The Jewish Bride 1113:The Polish Rider 1065:The Kitchen Maid 925:The Stone Bridge 589:History Painting 520: 513: 506: 497: 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Imposter 2086: 2078: 2070: 2064:The Prodigal 2062: 2054: 2035: 2028: 2027: 2019: 2013:The Wayfarer 2011: 1914:(foundation) 1903: 1866:(2010 novel) 1861: 1858:(2008 novel) 1853: 1845: 1837: 1829: 1821: 1813: 1805: 1797: 1789: 1781: 1773: 1735: 1727: 1719: 1711: 1703: 1695: 1687: 1679: 1671: 1663: 1655: 1647: 1639: 1631: 1623: 1615: 1607: 1576: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1544: 1536: 1528: 1520: 1512: 1504: 1496: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1468: 1460: 1452: 1444: 1425: 1417: 1409: 1401: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1369: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1255: 1247: 1239: 1231: 1223: 1215: 1207: 1199: 1191: 1183: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1151: 1143: 1135: 1127: 1119: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1079: 1071: 1063: 1055: 1047: 1039: 1031: 1023: 1015: 1007: 1000: 996: 987: 979: 971: 963: 955: 947: 939: 931: 923: 915: 907: 899: 891: 883: 875: 867: 859: 851: 843: 835: 827: 819: 811: 803: 795: 787: 779: 771: 763: 755: 747: 739: 731: 723: 715: 707: 699: 691: 683: 675: 667: 659: 651: 643: 635: 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W. Janson 187: 178: 171: 170: 159: 157: 154: 144: 139: 127:prodigal son 101: 100: 99: 18: 2313:Fatted calf 2269:Home-Coming 2118:(1605 play) 1842:(2007 film) 1834:(2003 film) 1810:(1977 film) 1754:Works about 1684:(1647–1649) 1597:(including 1565:(1665–1669) 1276:(1662–1669) 1076:(1650–1652) 1036:(1645–1648) 736:(1632–1633) 346:Janson, 598 2371:Categories 2245:Literature 2072:The Gospel 1084:(c. 1652) 565:The Senses 372:References 364:Durham 172 315:Sawyer 313 294:Durham 176 77:Dimensions 1926:Contested 1905:Rembrandt 1898:Rembrandt 1875:Namesakes 1823:Rembrandt 1791:Rembrandt 1783:Rembrandt 1775:Rembrandt 1756:Rembrandt 1573:(c. 1669) 1430:(c. 1662) 1291:Portraits 1252:(c. 1665) 1132:(c. 1655) 952:(c. 1639) 848:(c. 1635) 840:(c. 1635) 797:Artemisia 712:(c. 1631) 664:(c. 1630) 656:(1629–30) 624:(c. 1626) 568:(1624–25) 556:Paintings 544:paintings 527:Rembrandt 252:(c. 1637) 167:Reception 115:Rembrandt 58:1661–1669 49:Rembrandt 2344:See also 2210:" (1994) 2203:" (1952) 1900:(crater) 1649:The Mill 1599:etchings 1590:Drawings 1483:disputed 1481:(1635) ( 1473:(c.1629) 1265:Lucretia 1241:Lucretia 1033:The Mill 540:etchings 270:See also 85:Location 2327:Michael 2032:(1660s) 2016:(1500s) 1991:Luke 15 1908:(train) 1244:(1664) 1116:(1655) 829:Minerva 752:(1633) 584:(1620s) 181:Baroque 131:parable 2322:(2007) 2298:(1984) 2290:(1980) 2264:(1907) 2256:(1622) 2237:(1983) 2229:(1981) 2180:(1884) 2172:(1869) 2153:(1968) 2145:(1850) 2099:(2010) 2091:(2008) 2083:(2008) 2075:(2005) 2067:(1955) 2059:(1907) 2040:(1922) 2024:(1637) 1984:Source 1740:(1655) 1732:(1654) 1724:(1653) 1716:(1652) 1708:(1652) 1700:(1651) 1692:(1650) 1676:(1647) 1668:(1646) 1660:(1643) 1652:(1641) 1644:(1639) 1636:(1639) 1628:(1634) 1620:(1634) 1612:(1634) 1594:prints 1581:(1669) 1557:(1662) 1549:(1662) 1541:(1660) 1533:(1659) 1525:(1658) 1517:(1654) 1509:(1652) 1501:(1640) 1493:(1635) 1465:(1629) 1457:(1628) 1449:(1628) 1422:(1658) 1414:(1657) 1406:(1657) 1398:(1654) 1390:(1639) 1382:(1637) 1374:(1635) 1366:(1634) 1358:(1634) 1350:(1633) 1342:(1633) 1334:(1632) 1326:(1632) 1318:(1632) 1310:(1632) 1302:(1631) 1268:(1666) 1260:(1665) 1236:(1664) 1228:(1663) 1220:(1662) 1212:(1661) 1204:(1661) 1196:(1660) 1188:(1660) 1180:(1660) 1172:(1659) 1164:(1657) 1156:(1657) 1148:(1656) 1140:(1656) 1124:(1655) 1108:(1654) 1100:(1654) 1092:(1653) 1068:(1651) 1060:(1648) 1052:(1647) 1044:(1646) 1028:(1645) 1020:(1645) 1012:(1644) 1004:(1643) 992:(1642) 984:(1642) 976:(1642) 968:(1641) 960:(1641) 944:(1638) 936:(1638) 928:(1637) 920:(1637) 912:(1637) 896:(1636) 888:(1636) 880:(1636) 872:(1635) 864:(1635) 856:(1635) 832:(1635) 824:(1635) 816:(1634) 808:(1634) 800:(1634) 792:(1634) 784:(1634) 776:(1633) 768:(1633) 760:(1633) 744:(1633) 728:(1632) 720:(1632) 704:(1631) 696:(1631) 688:(1631) 680:(1631) 648:(1628) 640:(1627) 632:(1627) 616:(1626) 608:(1626) 600:(1626) 592:(1626) 576:(1625) 455:  434:  413:  390:  71:canvas 63:Medium 45:Artist 2306:Other 2279:Papal 2218:Album 2188:Songs 2161:Music 2134:Opera 2107:Stage 885:Danaë 789:Flora 282:Notes 146:him." 107:Dutch 2048:Film 1974:The 1592:and 1001:Ruth 999:and 997:Boaz 453:ISBN 432:ISBN 411:ISBN 388:ISBN 55:Year 2005:Art 480:at 121:in 69:on 67:Oil 2373:: 546:, 542:, 538:, 308:^ 109:: 91:, 2336:" 2332:" 2329:" 2325:" 2271:" 2267:" 2206:" 2199:" 1967:e 1960:t 1953:v 1601:) 1485:) 519:e 512:t 505:v 461:. 440:. 419:. 396:. 105:( 25:.

Index

The Prodigal Son in the Tavern

Rembrandt
Oil
canvas
Hermitage Museum
Saint Petersburg
Dutch
Rembrandt
Hermitage Museum
St. Petersburg
prodigal son
parable
Kenneth Clark
World English Bible
Baroque
H. W. Janson
Henri Nouwen
State Hermitage Museum
Rembrandt's 1636 etching on the subject, influenced by a woodcut by Martin van Heemskerck
Martin van Heemskerck
The Prodigal Son in the Brothel (c. 1637)
The Prodigal Son in the Brothel
1642 drawing
List of paintings by Rembrandt


The Biblical Rembrandt: human painter in a landscape of faith
ISBN
978-0-86554-886-2

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