The Great Gatsby - Knowledge

1822: 666: 1176: 2213: 36: 1646: 517: 1730: 1944: 601: 834: 1017: 356: 2412: 1167: 852: 965:"Absolution". In earlier drafts, Daisy was originally named Ada and Nick was Dud, and the two characters had shared a previous romance prior to their reunion on Long Island. These earlier drafts were written from the viewpoint of an omniscient narrator as opposed to Nick's perspective. A key difference in earlier drafts is a less complete failure of Gatsby's dream. Another difference is that the argument between Tom Buchanan and Gatsby is more balanced, although Daisy still returns to Tom. 1245:. Discarding this gloomy concept, Cugat next drew a divergent study which became the prefiguration to the final cover: A pencil and crayon drawing of a flapper's half-hidden visage over Long Island Sound with scarlet lips, one celestial eye, and a single diagonal tear. Expanding upon this study, his subsequent drawing featured two bright eyes looming over a shadowy New York cityscape. In later iterations, Cugat replaced the shadowy cityscape with dazzling carnival lights evoking a 1303: 2093: 1447: 365: 5089:, p. 176: "Scott brought his book over. It had a garish dust jacket and I remember being embarrassed by the violence, bad taste, and slippery look of it. It looked like the book jacket for a book of bad science fiction. Scot told me not to be put off by it, that it had to do with a billboard along a highway in Long Island that was important in the story. He said he had liked the jacket and now he didn't like it. I took it off to read the book". 1996:

McKee and—following suggestive ellipses—Nick next finds himself standing beside a bed while McKee sits between the sheets clad only in his underwear. Such scenes have led scholars to describe Nick as possessing an overt queerness and prompted analyses about his emotional attachment to Jay Gatsby. For these reasons, the novel has been described as an exploration of sexual identity during a historical era typified by the societal transition towards

499:. After learning that Ginevra had married wealthy Chicago businessman William "Bill" Mitchell, Fitzgerald asked Zelda to marry him. Zelda agreed but postponed their marriage until he became financially successful. Fitzgerald is thus similar to Jay Gatsby in that he became engaged while a military officer stationed far from home and then sought immense wealth in order to provide for the lifestyle to which his fiancée had become accustomed. 1394:, Fitzgerald further resented the fact that critics failed to perceive the many parallels between the author's life and the character of Jay Gatsby; in particular, that both created a mythical version of themselves and attempted to live up to this legend. Dispirited by critics failing to understand the novel, Fitzgerald remained hopeful that the novel would at least be a commercial success, perhaps selling as many as 75,000 copies. 12896: 11991: 1000:, on October 27. Perkins informed him in a November letter that Gatsby was too vague as a character and that his wealth and business, respectively, needed a convincing explanation. Fitzgerald thanked Perkins for his detailed criticisms and claimed that such feedback would enable him to perfect the manuscript. Having relocated with his wife to Rome, Fitzgerald made revisions to the manuscript throughout the winter. 941:. Purportedly born in America to a German immigrant family, Gerlach had been a major in the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, and he later became a gentleman bootlegger who lived like a millionaire in New York. Flaunting his new wealth, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore the same shirt twice, used the phrase "old sport", and fostered myths about himself including that he was a relation of the 2191:, stated that while he believed the book was a superb literary achievement, Wolfsheim was its most abrasive character, and the work contains an antisemitic undertone. However, Hindus argued the Jewish stereotypes displayed by Wolfsheim were typical of the time when the novel was written and set and that its antisemitism was of the "habitual, customary, 'harmless,' unpolitical variety". A 2015 article by essayist 1935:, or successful minorities. Since Americans living in the 1920s to the present are largely defined by their fluctuating socio-economic circumstances and must navigate a society with entrenched racial and ethnic prejudices, Fitzgerald's depiction of resultant status anxieties and social conflict has been highlighted by scholars as still enduringly relevant nearly a hundred years after the novel's publication. 12908: 791: – an amateur golfer with a sarcastic streak and an aloof attitude, and Daisy's long-time friend. She is Nick Carraway's girlfriend for most of the novel, though they grow apart towards the end. She has a shady reputation because of rumors that she had cheated in a tournament, which harmed her reputation both socially and as a golfer. Fitzgerald based Jordan on Ginevra's friend 1813:. Many of Daisy's choices—ultimately culminating in the fatal car crash and misery for all those involved—can be partly attributed to her prescribed role as a "beautiful little fool" who is reliant on her husband for financial and societal security. Her decision to remain with her husband, despite her feelings for Gatsby, is because of the security that her marriage to Tom Buchanan provides. 6694:, p. 329: Commenting upon Nick's sexual confusion, A. B. Paulson remarked in 1978 that "the novel is about identity, about leaving home and venturing into a world of adults, about choosing a profession, about choosing a sexual role to play as well as a partner to love, it is a novel that surely appeals on several deep levels to the problems of adolescent readers". 3160:, p. 15, "Echoes of the Jazz Age": "Scarcely had the staider citizens of the republic caught their breaths when the wildest of all generations, the generation which had been adolescent during the confusion of the War, brusquely shouldered my contemporaries out of the way and danced into the limelight. This was the generation whose girls dramatized themselves as 2433: 2034:. Specifically, the valley of the ashes, in between East and West Egg, represents a man-made wasteland which is a byproduct of the industrialization that has made Gatsby's booming lifestyle, including his automobile, possible. Marx argues that Fitzgerald, via Nick, expresses a pastoral longing typical of other 1920s American writers like 4124:, pp. 13–14: Biographer Arthur Mizener wrote in a January 1951 letter to Max Gerlach that "Edmund Wilson, the literary critic, told me that Fitzgerald came to his house, apparently from yours , and told him with great fascination about the life you were leading. Naturally, it fascinated him as all splendor did". 813: – a mechanic and owner of a garage. He is disliked by both his wife, Myrtle Wilson, and Tom Buchanan, who describes him as "so dumb he doesn't know he's alive". At the end of the novel, George shoots Gatsby dead, wrongly believing he had been driving the car that killed Myrtle, and then kills himself. 464:, a 16-year-old socialite with whom he fell deeply in love. Although Ginevra was madly in love with him, her upper-class family openly discouraged his courtship of their daughter because of his lower-class status, and her father purportedly told him that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls". 652:. Nick encounters Tom and initially refuses to shake his hand. Tom admits he was the one who told George that Gatsby owned the vehicle that killed Myrtle. Before returning to the Midwest, Nick returns to Gatsby's mansion and stares across the bay at the green light emanating from the end of Daisy's dock. 4519:, pp. 145–146: "Since there were at most a couple of weeks between the commission and Fitzgerald's departure for France, it is likely that what he had seen—and "written into the book"—was one or more of Cugat's preparatory sketches which were probably shown to him at Scribners before he set sail". 1680:

However, Pearson noted that Fitzgerald's particular treatment of this theme is devoid of the discernible optimism in the writings of earlier American authors. He suggests Gatsby serves as a false prophet of the American dream, and pursuing the dream only results in dissatisfaction for those who chase

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which features a wealthy married socialite pursued by a variety of romantic suitors and who symbolically embodies the American dream. He later wrote a letter to Cather apologizing for any unintentional plagiarism. During this period of revisions, Scott saw and was influenced by early sketches for the

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Days later, Nick reluctantly accompanies a drunken and agitated Tom to New York City by train. En route, they stop at a garage inhabited by mechanic George Wilson and his wife Myrtle. Myrtle joins them, and the trio proceed to a small New York apartment that Tom has rented for trysts with her. Guests

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commented upon the ease of examining the thwarted relations depicted in Fitzgerald's fiction through a queer lens. In recent decades, scholarship has focused sharply on the sexuality of Nick Carraway. In one instance in the novel, Carraway departs a drunken orgy with a "pale, feminine" man named Mr.

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supported this latter interpretation and claimed that Fitzgerald had told him the cover referred to a billboard in the valley of the ashes. Although this passage has some resemblance to the imagery, a closer explanation can be found in Fitzgerald's explicit description of Daisy Buchanan as the "girl

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over many months, and the highly publicized case likely influenced the plot of Fitzgerald's novel. The case involved the double-murder of a man and his lover on September 14, 1922, mere weeks before Fitzgerald arrived in Great Neck. Scholars have speculated that Fitzgerald based certain aspects

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Primary sources such as Zelda Fitzgerald and F. Scott Fitzgerald's friend Edmund Wilson both stated that Max Gerlach was a neighbor. Scholars have yet to find surviving property records for a Long Island residence with Gerlach's name. However, there are likely "gaps in the record of his addresses",

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resumed in earnest in April 1924. Fitzgerald decided to depart from the writing process of his previous novels and told Perkins that he was intent on creating an artistic achievement. He wished to eschew the realism of his previous two novels and to compose a creative work of sustained imagination.

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distributed free copies to American soldiers serving overseas. This new-found popularity launched a critical and scholarly re-examination, and the work soon became a core part of most American high school curricula and a part of American popular culture. Numerous stage and film adaptations followed

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of the time involving anti-immigrant sentiment. Gatsby—whom Tom belittles as "Mr. Nobody from Nowhere"—functions as a cipher because of his obscure origins, his unclear ethno-religious identity and his indeterminate class status. Although his ethnicity is vague, his last name Gatz and his father's

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In September, Tom discovers the affair when Daisy carelessly addresses Gatsby with unabashed intimacy in front of him. Later, at a Plaza Hotel suite, Gatsby and Tom argue about the affair. Gatsby insists Daisy declare that she never loved Tom. Daisy claims she loves Tom and Gatsby, upsetting both.

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to a mansion directly across the bay from Gatsby's estate. There, Nick encounters Jordan Baker, an insolent flapper and golf champion who is a childhood friend of Daisy's. Jordan confides to Nick that Tom keeps a mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who brazenly telephones him at his home and who lives in the

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and Ernest Hemingway. Although such writers cherish the pastoral ideal, they accept that technological progress has deprived this ideal of nearly all meaning. In this context, Nick's repudiation of the eastern United States represents a futile attempt to withdraw into nature. Yet, as Fitzgerald's

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s fundamental conflict occurs between entrenched sources of socio-economic power and upstarts like Gatsby who threaten their interests, Fitzgerald's novel shows that a class permanence persists despite the country's capitalist economy that prizes innovation and adaptability. Dianne Bechtel argues

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on April 10, 1925. Fitzgerald cabled Perkins the day after publication to monitor reviews: "Any news?" "Sales situation doubtful excellent reviews", read a telegram from Perkins on April 20. Fitzgerald responded on April 24, saying the cable dispirited him, closing the letter with "Yours in

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One morning, Nick receives a formal invitation to a party at Gatsby's mansion. Once there, Nick is embarrassed that he recognizes no one and begins drinking heavily until he encounters Jordan. While chatting with her, he is approached by a man who introduces himself as Jay Gatsby and insists that

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After reading these reviews, Fitzgerald believed that many critics misunderstood the novel. He despaired that "of all the reviews, even the most enthusiastic, not one had the slightest idea what the book was about". In particular, Fitzgerald resented criticisms of the novel's plot as implausible

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After his success as a short-story writer and as a novelist, Fitzgerald married Zelda in New York City, and the newly-wed couple soon relocated to Long Island. Despite enjoying the exclusive Long Island milieu, Fitzgerald quietly disapproved of the extravagant parties, and the wealthy persons he

5811:... Thus the American dream, whose superstitious valuation of the future began in the past, gives the green light through which alone the American returns to his traditional roots, paradoxically retreating into the pattern of history while endeavoring to exploit the possibilities of the future". 964:

Inspired by the Halls–Mills case, the mysterious persona of Gerlach and the riotous parties he attended on Long Island, Fitzgerald had written 18,000 words for his novel by mid-1923 but discarded most of his new story as a false start. Some of this early draft resurfaced in the 1924 short story

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painting prior to the novel's publication, Cugat's preparatory drafts influenced his writing. Upon viewing Cugat's drafts before sailing for France in April–May 1924, Fitzgerald was so enamored that he later told editor Max Perkins that he had incorporated Cugat's imagery into the novel. This

763:, identified as a flapper. She is Nick's second cousin, once removed, and the wife of Tom Buchanan. Before marrying Tom, Daisy had a romantic relationship with Gatsby. Her choice between Gatsby and Tom is one of the novel's central conflicts. Fitzgerald's romance and life-long obsession with 643:

While returning to East Egg, Gatsby and Daisy drive by Wilson's garage and their car strikes Myrtle, killing her instantly. Later Gatsby reveals to Nick that Daisy was driving the car, but that he intends to take the blame for the accident to protect her. Nick urges Gatsby to flee to avoid

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statement has led many to analyze interrelations between Cugat's art and Fitzgerald's text. One popular interpretation is that the celestial eyes are reminiscent of those of optometrist T. J. Eckleburg depicted on a faded commercial billboard near George Wilson's auto repair shop. Author

1413:(1922). By October, the book had sold fewer than 20,000 copies. Although the novel went through two initial printings, many copies remained unsold years later. Fitzgerald attributed the poor sales to the fact that women tended to be the primary audience for novels during this time, and 1721:

Fitzgerald plotted the novel to illustrate that class transcends wealth in America. Even if the poorer Americans become rich, they remain inferior to those Americans with "old money". Consequently, Gatsby and other characters in the novel are trapped in a rigid American class system.

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had sold almost 30 million copies worldwide and continues to sell an additional 500,000 copies annually. Numerous foreign editions of the novel have been published, and the text has been translated into 42 different languages. The work is Scribner's most popular title; in 2013, the

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of Jazz Age society by placing a relatable plotline within the historical context of the most raucous and flashiest era in American history. In Fitzgerald's eyes, the era represented a morally permissive time when Americans of all ages became disillusioned with prevailing

819: – George's wife and Tom Buchanan's mistress. Myrtle, who possesses a fierce vitality, is desperate to find refuge from her disappointing marriage. She is accidentally killed by Gatsby's car, as she mistakenly thinks Tom is still driving it and runs after it. 881:", which Fitzgerald described as his first attempt at the Gatsby idea. "The whole idea of Gatsby", he later explained to a friend, "is the unfairness of a poor young man not being able to marry a girl with money. This theme comes up again and again because I lived it". 2436: 272:(1922), the novel was a commercial disappointment. It sold fewer than 20,000 copies by October, and Fitzgerald's hopes of a monetary windfall from the novel were unrealized. When the author died in 1940, he believed himself to be a failure and his work forgotten. 636:. They fell in love, but when Gatsby was deployed overseas, Daisy reluctantly married Tom. Gatsby hopes that his newfound wealth and dazzling parties will make Daisy reconsider. Gatsby uses Nick to stage a reunion with Daisy, and the two embark upon an affair. 707:. He is Gatsby's neighbor and a bond salesman. Nick is easy-going and optimistic, although this latter quality fades as the novel progresses. He ultimately returns to the Midwest after despairing of the decadence and indifference of the eastern United States. 503:

encountered often disappointed him. While striving to emulate the rich, he found their privileged lifestyle to be morally disquieting. Although Fitzgerald—like Gatsby—had always admired the rich, he nonetheless possessed a smoldering resentment towards them.

2142:, he appears only twice in the novel, the second time refusing to attend Gatsby's funeral. Fitzgerald describes Wolfsheim as "a small, flat-nosed Jew", with "tiny eyes" and "two fine growths of hair" in his nostrils. Evoking ethnic stereotypes regarding the 1253:. Cugat affixed reclining nudes within the flapper's irizes and added a green tint to the streaming tear. Cugat's final cover, which Max Perkins hailed as a masterpiece, was the only work he completed for Scribner's and the only book cover he ever designed. 2199:, a Jewish woman and secretary to Fitzgerald, who claimed that Fitzgerald was hurt by accusations of antisemitism and responded to critiques of Wolfsheim by claiming he merely "fulfilled a function in the story and had nothing to do with race or religion". 644:

prosecution, but he refuses. After Tom tells George that Gatsby owns the car that struck Myrtle, a distraught George assumes the owner of the vehicle must be Myrtle's lover. George fatally shoots Gatsby in his mansion's swimming pool, then kills himself.

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Scholars have focused on Fitzgerald's statement in a letter that his mind was "half feminine". In 1935, Fitzgerald wrote to Laura Guthrie: "I don't know what it is in me or that comes to me when I start to write. I am half feminine—at least my mind

3492:, p. 87: "Fame and fortune did not seem to be materializing on schedule for Fitzgerald, and Zelda was fretting her time away in Montgomery wondering if she ought not to marry one of her more eligible and financially better equipped admirers". 1677:. The dream is the belief that every individual, regardless of their origins, may seek and achieve their desired goals, "be they political, monetary, or social. It is the literary expression of the concept of America: The land of opportunity". 11838: 9232: 6311:

resonates more in the present than it ever did in the Jazz Age", and "the work speaks in strikingly familiar terms to the issues of our time", especially since its "themes are inextricably woven into questions of race, ethnicity, gender, and

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that became increasingly salient in 1920s America. For these reasons, Keeler argues that—while Gatsby's socioeconomic ascent and self-transformation depend upon these very factors—each one is nonetheless partially responsible for the ongoing

5930:, p. 209: "More than any other type of the Modern Woman, it was the Flapper who embodied the scandal which attached to women's new public visibility, from their increasing street presence to their mechanical reproduction as spectacles". 3067:

Fessenden (2005) argues that Fitzgerald struggled with his sexual orientation. In contrast, Bruccoli (2002) insists that "anyone can be called a latent homosexual, but there is no evidence that Fitzgerald was ever involved in a homosexual

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Although Fitzgerald's sexuality is a subject of scholarly debate, such biographical details lent credence to critical interpretations that his fictional characters are either gay or bisexual surrogates. As early as 1945, critics such as

4754:, p. 88, Chapter 7, opening sentence: "It was when curiosity about Gatsby was at its highest that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night—and, as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over". 914:, which sat across the bay from Great Neck—places that were home to many of New York's wealthiest established families. This real-life juxtaposition gave Fitzgerald his idea for "West Egg" and "East Egg". In the novel, Great Neck ( 647:

Several days after Gatsby's murder, his father Henry Gatz arrives for the sparsely attended funeral. After Gatsby's death, Nick comes to hate New York and decides that Gatsby, Daisy, Tom, and he were all Midwesterners unsuited to

239:, who persuaded Fitzgerald to revise the work over the following winter. After making revisions, Fitzgerald was satisfied with the text, but remained ambivalent about the book's title and considered several alternatives. Painter 3540:, p. 140: Although Fitzgerald strove "to become member of the community of the rich, to live from day to day as they did, to share their interests and tastes", he found such a privileged lifestyle to be morally disquieting. 2739:. This was the first graphic novel adaptation of the original novel to be published after it entered the public domain in 2021. In June 2021, Clover Press debuted the first of seven periodical comic books, faithfully adapting 1003:

Content after a few rounds of revision, Fitzgerald submitted the final version in February 1925. Fitzgerald's alterations included extensive revisions of the sixth and eighth chapters. He declined an offer of $ 10,000 for the

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Writing in 1978, Person noted Daisy is more of a hapless victim than a manipulative victimizer. She is the target first of Tom's callous domination and next of Gatsby's dehumanizing adoration. She involuntarily becomes the

6562:, p. 31: The novel "includes some queer energies, to be sure—we needn't revisit the more gossipy strains of Fitzgerald biography to note that it's Nick who delivers the sensuous goods on Gatsby from beginning to end". 876:

repeatedly interrupted his progress. The play flopped, and Fitzgerald wrote magazine stories that winter to pay debts incurred by its production. He viewed these stories as all worthless, although included among them was

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Scholars and writers commonly ascribe Gatsby's inability to achieve the American Dream to entrenched class disparities in American society. The novel underscores the limits of the American lower class to transcend their

3555:, p. 141: Fitzgerald "admired deeply the rich" and yet his wealthy friends often disappointed or repulsed him. Consequently, he harbored "the smouldering hatred of a peasant" towards the wealthy and their milieu. 640:

Tom reveals Gatsby is a swindler whose money comes from bootlegging alcohol. Upon hearing this, Daisy chooses to stay with Tom. Tom scornfully tells Gatsby to drive her home, knowing that Daisy will never leave him.

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is all that is known to exist. Reportedly, Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda loathed the silent version. Zelda wrote to an acquaintance that the film was "rotten". She and Scott left the cinema midway through the film.

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brought in money for the author, Fitzgerald lamented that the novel fell far short of the success he had hoped for and would not bring him recognition as a serious novelist in the public eye. With the onset of the

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s publication, Francis Cugat's original painting for the book cover was presumed forever lost until it was found in a trash can at Scribner's and donated to the Princeton University Libraries for its Graphic Arts

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had effectively vanished. The tireless promotional efforts of literary critic Edmund Wilson, who was Fitzgerald's Princeton classmate and his close friend, led this Fitzgerald revival. In 1951, three years after

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As a Southern belle, Zelda Sayre's wealthy family employed half-a-dozen domestic servants, many of whom were African-American. She was unaccustomed to domestic labor of any kind and delegated all tasks to her

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is among the most celebrated in American literature and represents a unique instance in literary history in which a novel's commissioned artwork directly influenced the composition of the text. Rendered in an

5077:; in other words, that the author derived his inventive metamorphosis from a recurrent theme of Cugat's trial jackets, one which the artist himself was to reinterpret and transform through subsequent drafts". 11724: 795:, a premier amateur golfer known in the press as "The Fairway Flapper". Unlike Jordan Baker, Cummings was never suspected of cheating. The character's name is a play on two popular automobile brands, the 11254: 11779: 7097: 6447:

with his old friend Gus Schurmeier as escort. He spent the evening casually asking for cigarettes in the middle of the dance floor and absent-mindedly drawing a small vanity case from the top of a blue

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asserted that Fitzgerald's work—more so than other twentieth century novels—is especially linked with this conceptualization of the American dream. Pearson traced the literary origins of this dream to

11827: 7308: 1967:, rumors dogged Fitzgerald among the American expat community in Paris that he was gay. Soon after, Fitzgerald's wife Zelda Fitzgerald likewise doubted his heterosexuality and asserted that he was a 773: – Daisy's husband, a millionaire who lives in East Egg. Tom is an imposing man of muscular build with a gruff voice and contemptuous demeanor. He was a football star at Yale and is a 5485:: "Troops showed interest in books about the human mind and books with sexual situations were grabbed up eagerly. One soldier said that books with 'racy' passages were as popular as 'pin-up girls'". 4486:, p. 76: "Marian Forrester, then, represents the American Dream boldly focused on self, almost fully disengaged from the morals and ethics to which it had been tied in the nineteenth century". 1955:. During his lifetime, Fitzgerald's sexuality became a subject of debate among his friends and acquaintances. As a youth, Fitzgerald had a close relationship with Father Sigourney Fay, a possibly 777:. Among other literary models, Tom has certain parallels with William "Bill" Mitchell, the Chicago businessman who married Ginevra King. Tom and Mitchell were both Chicagoans with an interest in 11210: 11007: 11630: 11374: 1843:

Many scholars have analyzed the novel's treatment of race and displacement; in particular, a perceived threat posed by newer immigrants to older Americans, triggering concerns over a loss of

10880: 10540: 2434: 11915: 10758: 2349:. The Broadway tryout began its previews on October 12, 2023, followed by an official opening night scheduled for ten days later. The production concluded on November 12 of the same year. 1904:. Such anxieties were more salient in national discourse than the societal consequences of World War I, and the defining question of the period was who constituted "a real American". 11153: 7119: 438:

and obsessed with pleasure-seeking. Fitzgerald himself had a certain ambivalence towards the Jazz Age, an era whose themes he would later regard as reflective of events in his own life.

11036: 3717:, p. 9: "His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he liked". 3428:, pp. 85, 89, 90: "Zelda would question whether he was ever going to make enough money for them to marry", and Fitzgerald was compelled to prove that "he was rich enough for her". 10711: 10789: 2195:

agreed with Hindus' assessment that Fitzgerald's use of Jewish caricatures was not driven by malice and merely reflected commonly held beliefs of his time. He notes the accounts of

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since he had never intended for the story to be realistic. Instead, he crafted the work to be a romanticized depiction that was largely scenic and symbolic. According to his friend

5762:, p. 638: " was the self-appointed spokesman for the 'Jazz Age,' a term he takes credit for coining, and he gave it its arch-high priest and prophet, Jay Gatsby, in his novel 5722: 1111:, and even refers to Gatsby as Trimalchio once in the novel. Unlike Gatsby's spectacular parties, Trimalchio participated in the orgies he hosted but, according to literary critic 576:, in the old money town of East Egg. Daisy is married to Tom Buchanan, formerly a Yale football star whom Nick knew during his college days. The couple has recently relocated from 5441:: "Writers like John O'Hara were showing its influence and younger men like Edward Newhouse and Budd Schulberg, who would presently be deeply affected by it, were discovering it". 674: 5241:... What gives the story distinction is something quite different from the management of the action or the handling of the characters; it is the charm and beauty of the writing". 1786:", later scholars such as Leland S. Person Jr. asserted that Daisy's character exemplifies the marginalization of women in the elite social environment that Fitzgerald depicts. 867:

Fitzgerald began outlining his third novel in June 1922. He longed to produce an exquisite work that was beautiful and intricately patterned, but the troubled production of his

6803:, between city and country, between prep school and high school were more marked than they are now, and correspondingly the nuances of dress and manners were more noticeable". 2242:

on February 2, 1926, and had 112 curtain calls. A successful tour later in the year included performances in Chicago, August 1 through October 2. In July 2006,

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as "a literary lemon meringue" that nonetheless "contains some of the nicest little touches of contemporary observation you could imagine—so light, so delicate, so sharp". In

10943: 9221: 1126:, editor Max Perkins persuaded him that the reference was too obscure and that people would be unable to pronounce it. Zelda and Perkins both expressed their preference for 11081: 10691: 7341: 3256:, pp. 13–22: Fitzgerald documented the Jazz Age and his life's relation to the era in his essay, "Echoes of the Jazz Age" which was published in the essay collection 11345: 10349: 2912:

In the original 1925 edition, Fitzgerald wrote that Gatsby and Nick served in the First Division. Fitzgerald revised the text in later editions to be the Third Division.

8145: 7364: 7141: 5073:, pp. 140–155: "We are left then with the enticing possibility that Fitzgerald's arresting image was originally prompted by Cugat's fantastic apparitions over the 3571:, Fitzgerald found his perfect image for the callous and brutal betrayal of the incurably innocent Gatsby". Flushing Meadows was drained and became the location of the 2972:

In a 2009 book, scholar Horst Kruse asserts that Max Gerlach was born in or near Berlin, Germany, and, as a young boy, he immigrated with his German parents to America.

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captures the perennial American experience as it is a story about change and those who resist it—whether such change comes in the form of a new wave of immigrants, the

1238:—born Francisco Coradal-Cougat—was commissioned by an unknown individual in Scribner's art department to illustrate the cover while Fitzgerald was composing the novel. 747:. A military veteran, Gerlach became a self-made millionaire due to his bootlegging endeavors and was fond of using the phrase "old sport" in his letters to Fitzgerald. 7059: 11429: 1685:

from Gatsby's house) is frequently interpreted as a symbol of Gatsby's unrealizable goal to win Daisy and, consequently, to achieve the American Dream. Also, scholar

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is in form no more than a glorified anecdote, and not too probable at that. The story for all its basic triviality has a fine texture; a careful and brilliant finish

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In this context of immigration and displacement, Tom's hostility towards Gatsby, who is the embodiment of "latest America", has been interpreted as partly embodying

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at the center of Gatsby's unrealistic quest to be steadfast to a youthful concept of himself. The ensuing contest of wills between Tom and Gatsby reduces Daisy to a

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has been adapted for the stage. The first known stage adaptation was by American dramatist Owen Davis, which became the 1926 film version. The play, directed by

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to the present is its intersectional exploration of identity.... these themes are inextricably woven into questions of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality".

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in Australia. Because the original novel was still protected by United States copyright laws, this version was never published in the U.S. The second version,

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to be one of the greatest novels ever written, and the work was part of the assigned curricula in the near majority of U.S. high schools. As of early 2020,

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received generally favorable reviews, though some literary critics believed it did not equal Fitzgerald's previous efforts. Compared to his earlier novels,

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visual style, the artwork depicts the disembodied face of a Jazz Age flapper with celestial eyes and rouged mouth over a dark blue skyline. A little-known

11898: 12230: 9119: 1130:, and the next month Fitzgerald agreed. A month before publication, after a final review of the proofs, he asked if it would be possible to re-title it 10606: 1951:

Questions regarding the sexuality of characters have been raised for decades and—augmented by biographical details about the author—have given rise to

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Despite the newfound societal freedoms attained by flappers in the 1920s, Fitzgerald's work critically examines the continued limitations upon women's

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as his greatest work. In the wake of Fitzgerald's death, a strong appreciation for the book gradually developed in writers' circles. Future authors

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By 1960—thirty-five years after the novel's original publication—the book was steadily selling 100,000 copies per year. Renewed interest in it led

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In 2018, scholar Kyle Keeler argued that the voracious pursuit of wealth as criticized in Fitzgerald's novel offers a warning about the perils of

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work shows, any technological demarcation between the eastern and western United States has vanished, and one cannot escape into a pastoral past.

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Several reviewers felt the novel left much to be desired following Fitzgerald's previous works and criticized him accordingly. Harvey Eagleton of

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and other contemporaries in Paris publicly asserted that Fitzgerald was a homosexual, and Hemingway later avoided Fitzgerald due to these rumors.

3345:. Afterward he wrote in his ledger foreboding words, spoken to him perhaps by Ginevra's father, 'Poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls 1689:

points out that adultery in the novel is linked to the loss of faith and broken promises, which symbolizes the corruption of the American Dream.

9248:

McCullen, Bonnie Shannon (2007). "This Tremendous Detail: The Oxford Stone in the House of Gatsby". In Assadi, Jamal; Freedman, William (eds.).

8531: 5807:, pp. 235, 238: "For Gatsby, Daisy does not exist in herself. She is the green light that signals him into the heart of his ultimate vision 1115:, there are subtle similarities between the two characters. By November 1924, Fitzgerald wrote to Perkins that he had settled upon the title of 996:

Despite his ongoing marital tension, Fitzgerald continued to write steadily and submitted a near-final version of the manuscript to his editor,

10513: 6499:, p. 275: "Zelda extended her attack on Fitzgerald's masculinity by charging that he was involved in a homosexual liaison with Hemingway". 3376:, pp. 80, 82. Fitzgerald wished to be killed in battle, and he hoped that his novel would become a great success in the wake of his death. 11573: 11025: 5602: 12343: 10727: 10291: 7930: 989:

book's dust jacket art. Soon after this burst of effort, work slowed while the Fitzgeralds moved to the Villa Marie in Saint-Raphaël on the

10775: 9339: 3567:: The valley of ashes was a landfill in Flushing Meadows, Queens. "In those empty spaces and graying heaps, part of which was known as the 2476: 10117: 9893: 8785: 7623: 1438:

was regarded as little more than a nostalgic period piece. By the time Fitzgerald died in 1940, the novel had fallen into near obscurity.

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on April 10, 1925. Fitzgerald believed the book's final title to be merely acceptable and often expressed his ambivalence with the name.

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and an accurate reconstruction of Gerlach's life and whereabouts is greatly hindered "by the imperfect state of relevant documentation".

719:) – a young, mysterious millionaire with shady business connections (later revealed to be a bootlegger), originally from 12063: 11508: 10572: 7170: 3868:, p. 124: An index note refers to Laurence E. MacPhee's "The Great Gatsby's Romance of Motoring: Nick Carraway and Jordan Baker", 1821: 1008:

to the book so that it could be published sooner. He received a $ 3,939 advance in 1923 and would receive $ 1,981.25 upon publication.

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Catholic priest, and Fitzgerald later used his last name for the idealized romantic character of Daisy Fay. After college, Fitzgerald

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By 1944, a full-scale Fitzgerald revival had occurred. Full-length scholarly articles on Fitzgerald's works were being published in

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judged the work's plot to be highly improbable, although he praised the writing as elegant and the "careful and brilliant finish".

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The novel has been adapted into a series of radio episodes. The first radio episode was a 1950 half-hour-long adaptation for CBS'

807:, Ohio, alluding to Jordan's "fast" reputation and the new freedom presented to American women, especially flappers, in the 1920s. 12246: 9547: 307: 10681: 7331: 3015:

While Fitzgerald worked on the novel, his wife Zelda was romanced by French naval aviator Edouard Jozan and asked for a divorce.

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dismissed the work as an inconsequential performance by a once-promising author who had grown bored and cynical. Ruth Snyder of

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In a preliminary sketch, Cugat drew a concept of a dismal gray landscape inspired by Fitzgerald's original title for the novel,

597:

during the war. Gatsby attempts to ingratiate himself with Nick and when Nick leaves the party, he notices Gatsby watching him.

585:", a sprawling refuse dump. That evening, Nick sees Gatsby standing alone on his lawn, staring at a green light across the bay. 12993: 12978: 12369: 9787: 7791: 3305:

that Ginevra King "was the first girl I ever loved" and that he "faithfully avoided seeing her" to "keep the illusion perfect".

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contends that Fitzgerald's novel reflects a historical period in American literature characterized by fears over the influx of

1623:

alone sold 185,000 copies. The novel's U.S. copyright expired on January 1, 2021, when all works published in 1925 entered the

11335: 10338: 10208: 10175: 10150: 9990: 9926: 9887: 9728: 9511: 9428: 9403: 9333: 9263: 9209: 9069: 8995: 8816: 8779: 8754: 8712: 8687: 8587: 8525: 8484: 8381: 8342: 8172: 8139: 8102: 8062: 8030: 7964: 7924: 7884: 7847: 7789:(Spring 1978). "'An Instance of Apparent Plagiarism': F. Scott Fitzgerald, Willa Cather, and the First 'Gatsby' Manuscript". 7726: 7689: 7133: 4822:

in December 1924, but in January and March 1925 he continued to express his concern to Perkins about the title, cabling from

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lambasted the book's style as painfully forced and declared the editors of her newspaper were "quite convinced after reading

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was the national drink and sex the national obsession, it received critical acclaim. In it, Mr. Fitzgerald was at his best".

3024:

In 2002, over six decades after Fitzgerald's death, his earlier draft of the now-famous novel was published under the title

1979:

engaged in homosexual relations. These incidents strained the Fitzgeralds' marriage at the time of the novel's publication.

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during the Jazz Age. The character of Daisy Buchanan has been identified specifically as personifying the emerging cultural

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praising the novel. Although gratified by such correspondence, Fitzgerald sought public acclaim from professional critics.

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Rejected by Ginevra's family as a suitor because of his lack of financial prospects, a suicidal Fitzgerald enlisted in the

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in the United States, there is a consensus regarding the novel's message in conveying its underlying permanence. Although

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The spelling "Wolfshiem" appears throughout Fitzgerald's original manuscript, while "Wolfsheim" was introduced by editor

2731:, was adapted by Fred Fordham and illustrated by Aya Morton in 2020. In 2021, K. Woodman-Maynard adapted and illustrated 11227: 6610:, p. 406: "It was in the 1970s that readers first began to address seriously the themes of gender and sexuality in 781:. Also, like Ginevra's father Charles King, whom Fitzgerald resented, Tom is an imperious Yale man and polo player from 12963: 10817: 10068: 9720: 9503: 9289: 8656: 7876: 6969: 1624: 1567:

s positive reception by literary critics, which may have further influenced public opinion and renewed interest in it.

1417:

did not contain an admirable female character. According to his ledger, he earned only $ 2,000 from the book. Although

685: 381: 11109: 10912: 6415:, p. 275: "If Fay was a homosexual, as has been asserted without proof, Fitzgerald was presumably unaware of it". 12336: 10397:

Bechtel, Dianne E. (2017). "Jay Gatsby, Failed Intellectual: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Trope for Social Stratification".

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were distributed-as against the twenty-five thousand copies of the novel printed by Scribners between 1925 and 1942".

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it, owing to its unattainability. In this analytical context, the green light on the Buchanans' dock (visible across

1036:

Fitzgerald had difficulty choosing a title for his novel and entertained many choices before reluctantly deciding on

20: 9017:—— (2002). "The Real Jay Gatsby: Max von Gerlach, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the Compositional History of 7120:"The Great Gatsby's Jeremy Jordan and Eva Noblezada Tease How the Page-to-Stage Musical Will Come Alive on Broadway" 6336:, p. 28: "Fitzgerald's career records the ambient, dogging pressure to repel charges of his own homosexuality". 743:, in England. According to Fitzgerald's wife Zelda, he partly based Gatsby on their enigmatic Long Island neighbor, 13013: 12758: 12459: 12361: 11525: 10809: 10469: 9533: 7987: 5074: 3568: 2350: 1852: 1670: 1606:

wrote that "perhaps Fitzgerald's words 'compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired

1517:

were distributed to U.S. soldiers overseas, and the book proved popular among beleaguered troops, according to the

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In 1940, Fitzgerald suffered a third and fatal heart attack and died believing his work forgotten. His obituary in

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was a desperate adventure even under such favorable conditions, but presently confidences were exchanged and the

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Pekarofski, Michael (2012). "The Passing of Jay Gatsby: Class and Anti-Semitism in Fitzgerald's 1920s America".

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aesthete' of considerable appeal; 'a dandy, always heavily perfumed,' who introduced the teenaged Fitzgerald to

1610:

is the best possible description of Thompson's life's work." By the mid-2000s, many literary critics considered

1200:), Cugat expanded upon this concept to feature two eyes gazing over the New York cityscape. In the final draft ( 12943: 12806: 12790: 12510: 12056: 11887: 9465: 8704: 8269: 7759: 2985:, Max Gerlach lost his wealth. Living in poverty, he attempted suicide by shooting himself in the head in 1939. 2475:. Reviews suggest it may have been the most faithful adaptation of the novel, but a trailer of the film at the 2212: 1916:

religion indicate his family are recent German immigrants. This would preclude them from the coveted status of

589:

arrive and a party ensues, which ends with Tom slapping Myrtle and breaking her nose after she mentions Daisy.

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during this period. In this context, although early critics viewed the character of Daisy to be a "monster of

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The Sons of Maxwell Perkins: Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, and Their Editor

8947: 8223: 3572: 633: 12026: 10592: 7435: 3468:, p. 111: "Zelda was no housekeeper. Sketchy about ordering meals, she completely ignored the laundry". 12933: 12452: 12329: 12177: 12150: 12142: 12134: 12126: 11647: 11468: 10848: 10309: 9936: 9861:

Snyder, Ruth (April 15, 1925). "A Minute or Two with Books – F. Scott Fitzgerald Ventures".

9800: 8771: 8548: 7839: 7800: 7718: 5046:, p. 145: "It is entirely conceivable that Fitzgerald had never seen Cugat's final, finished artwork". 2680: 2636: 2529: 2507: 2485: 2452: 2422: 2063: 1543: 1426: 1175: 1091: 532:(shown in the above photograph) historically located in New York City during the 1920s. Today, the area is 11855: 7549: 665: 11443: 11272: 10653: 10406: 10370: 10025: 9580: 9030: 8987: 8909: 3628:, p. 178: "Jay Gatsby was inspired in part by a local figure, Max Gerlach. Near the end of her life 1738: 1669:

in the hedonistic Jazz Age, a name for the era which Fitzgerald claimed to have coined. In 1970, scholar

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hailed the novel as a revelatory work of art that "leaves the reader in a mood of chastened wonder". The

480: 280: 11953: 11678: 10623: 3675:, whose images of party-going flappers who petted in cars frequented the cover of the American magazine 1490:

in 1941, the prevailing opinion in writers' circles deemed the novel to be an enduring work of fiction.

1138:, but Perkins advised against it. On March 19, 1925, Fitzgerald expressed enthusiasm for the title 418:. Fitzgerald uses many of these 1920s societal developments to tell his story, from simple details like 12886: 12696: 12568: 12236: 12203: 12017: 11925: 10896: 10167: 9948: 9061: 8746: 8647:

Funda, Evelyn I. (Fall 1995). "Review of 'Redefining the American Dream: The Novels of Willa Cather'".

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white woman living in East Egg during this time period, Daisy must adhere to societal expectations and

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was one of the periods when concern about ethnicity was most evident on the surface of national life".

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whom Fitzgerald met once in undetermined circumstances. Rothstein was blamed for match fixing in the

2138:

friend and mentor of Gatsby. A corrupt profiteer who assists Gatsby's bootlegging operations and who

2043: 2018: 1878:. Stoddard warned that immigration would alter America's racial composition and destroy the country. 1743: 228: 10496: 8892:

The 1945 essays by Lionel Trilling and William Troy were collected in Alfred Kazin's 1951 anthology

2723:

has been adapted into three graphic novels. The first was in 2007 by Nicki Greenberg, who published

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felt the novel was a mystical and glamorous tale of the Jazz Age. Similarly, Lillian C. Ford of the

12837: 12561: 12386: 12211: 12195: 11563: 11135: 10837: 10281: 9395: 8887: 8476: 8054: 7956: 5954:, p. 16, "Echoes of the Jazz Age": The flappers, "if they get about at all, know the taste of 3849: 3302: 2925: 2378: 2299: 1645: 1556: 1409: 885: 796: 546: 525: 268: 135: 12041: 4868:

and toiled for months to think of something else, wrote to Perkins that he had finally found one:

2150:... indignantly". The fictional character of Wolfsheim is an allusion to real-life Jewish gambler 1586:

had attained its status as a literary masterwork and was deemed a contender for the title of the "

290:

continues to attract popular and scholarly attention. Scholars emphasize the novel's treatment of

11031: 10315: 10232: 9966: 9201: 8196: 8131: 7992: 7681: 6444: 6202: 5466: 5254: 4410:, p. 190: Fitzgerald wrote in his private ledger: "Out of woods at last and starting novel". 2275: 1502: 1366: 1364:

predicted that the novel signaled the end of Fitzgerald's artistic success. Ralph Coghlan of the

1360: 1337: 892:, on Long Island. Their neighbors in Great Neck included such newly wealthy personages as writer 740: 732: 7573:"Lots of false leads over the past 11 years, but we FINALLY tracked down an actual ROM dump for 1920:. Consequently, Gatsby's socio-economic ascent is deemed a threat not only due to his status as 11742: 11568: 11196: 10938: 10422: 10101: 10041: 9982: 9255: 9102: 8925: 8845: 8808: 8675:

Understanding the Great Gatsby: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents

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in a status-obsessed country that refuses to acknowledge publicly it even has a class system.

1598:"just to get a feeling of what it was like to write that way." According to Thompson's friend 12774: 12646: 12529: 12503: 12492: 12473: 12378: 11591: 11087: 11002: 10707: 10561: 9976: 9837: 9761: 9689: 9623: 9325: 9144: 9055: 8956: 8900:

Keeler, Kyle (2018). "The Great Global Warmer: Jay Gatsby as a Microcosm of Climate Change".

8839: 8802: 8507: 8470: 8373: 8232: 7365:"Readers and writers: Poet gives Jay Gatsby a new gay life with Nick Carraway in debut novel" 6796: 4053:: From Fall 1922 to Spring 1924, Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda resided at 6 Gateway Drive in 3632:

said that Gatsby was based on 'a neighbor named Von Guerlach or something who was said to be

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has been recast multiple times as a short-form television movie. The first was in 1955 as an

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Daisy's statement that she hopes her daughter will be a "beautiful little fool" was said by

1847:. In one instance, Tom Buchanan—the novel's antagonist—claims that he, Nick, and Jordan are 9750:

Rosowski, Susan J. (Autumn 1977). "Willa Cather's 'A Lost Lady': The Paradoxes of Change".

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criticized the plot as highly improbable—a criticism that Fitzgerald particularly resented.

889: 760: 625: 457: 327: 10166:. The Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cover Design by Dennis M. Arnold. Cambridge, England: 9785:

Scribner, Charles III (Winter 1992). "Celestial Eyes: From Metamorphosis to Masterpiece".

7572: 2066:. Gatsby conveniently ignores the wasteful devastation of the valley of ashes to pursue a 2050:. According to Kyle Keeler, Gatsby's quest for greater status manifests as self-centered, 569:, an enigmatic multi-millionaire who hosts dazzling soirées yet does not partake in them. 8: 12857: 12445: 12402: 12352: 12072: 11539: 11403: 11205: 10805: 10447: 9879: 9493: 8941:

Kerr, Frances (1996). "Feeling 'Half Feminine': Modernism and the Politics of Emotion in

8423: 8318: 8022: 7786: 7436:"Godzilla Takes on the Great Gatsby and Sherlock Holmes in 'Monsterpiece Theatre' Comic." 6198: 5592: 3853: 3845: 2950: 2701: 2181:, claims that Wolfsheim serves to link Jewishness with corruption. In a 1947 article for 2062:

amid World War I and then undertakes bootlegging activities reliant upon exploiting

1968: 1917: 1756: 1579: 1166: 1005: 923: 800: 632:. Jordan reveals that Gatsby and Daisy met around 1917 when Gatsby was an officer in the 488: 399: 373: 190: 151: 54: 9194: 5425:. When it was published in 1925 this ironic tale of life on Long Island, at a time when 5209: 1380:

that Mr. Fitzgerald is not one of the great American writers of today". John McClure of

12814: 12466: 11893: 11748: 11719: 11687: 11625: 11597: 11503: 11474: 11369: 10659: 10567: 10426: 10418: 10376: 10344: 10088: 10080: 10045: 10037: 9941: 9911: 9849: 9812: 9773: 9701: 9649: 9635: 9600: 9592: 9559: 9469: 9227: 9156: 9042: 9038: 8968: 8929: 8921: 8660: 8635: 8428: 8306: 8281: 8244: 7820: 7763: 7750: 7060:"Jeremy Jordan & Eva Noblezada to Star in Paper Mill Playhouse's World Premiere of 5409:: "When 'Gatsby' author F. Scott Fitzgerald died in 1940, he thought he was a failure". 2829: 2556:

announced they would be producing an animated film adaptation of the novel directed by

2282: 2260: 2196: 2131: 2031: 1897: 1779: 1729: 1591: 1551: 1422: 1382: 1319: 703:

veteran, and a newly arrived resident of West Egg, age 29 (later 30) who serves as the

613: 600: 468: 9388: 8739: 8194:

Eagleton, Harvey (May 10, 1925). "Prophets of the New Age: III. F. Scott Fitzgerald".

2678:(2021) imagines the backstory of Nick Carraway. That same year saw the publication of 2369:

and Noah J. Ricketts as Jordan Baker and Nick Carraway. The production transferred to

1991:, such as Jordan Baker, were implied to be "vaguely homosexual", and, in 1960, writer 1809:

such as actively fulfilling the roles of dutiful wife, nurturing mother, and charming

1386:

insisted the plot was implausible and the book itself seemed raw in its construction.

1317:

received generally favorable reviews from literary critics of the day. Edwin Clark of

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The Perfect Hour: The Romance of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ginevra King, His First Love

10135: 10092: 10059: 10049: 9986: 9952: 9922: 9883: 9724: 9660: 9604: 9588: 9507: 9477: 9424: 9399: 9371: 9329: 9294: 9259: 9205: 9111: 9065: 8991: 8933: 8880: 8849: 8812: 8775: 8750: 8708: 8683: 8593: 8583: 8553: 8521: 8480: 8439: 8408: 8377: 8366: 8348: 8338: 8327: 8273: 8168: 8135: 8098: 8058: 8026: 7960: 7920: 7880: 7843: 7812: 7722: 7685: 2933: 2849: 2795: 2538: 2216: 2163: 2159: 2012:

seek to place the novel and its characters in a broader historical context. In 1964,

1901: 1710: 1682: 1654: 1391: 1325: 1193: 1046: 476: 235:, Fitzgerald completed a rough draft of the novel in 1924. He submitted it to editor 11082:"F. Scott Fitzgerald and Literary Anti-Semitism: A Footnote on the Mind of the 20's" 10414: 10033: 9875:

Critical Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work

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debuted in 1926. Itself a version of Owen Davis's Broadway play, it was directed by

833: 12832: 12704: 12591: 12580: 11714:"Love Notes Drenched in Moonlight; Hints of Future Novels in Letters to Fitzgerald" 11434: 11263: 11175: 11058: 10588: 10410: 10072: 10029: 9841: 9804: 9765: 9693: 9627: 9584: 9551: 9148: 9034: 8960: 8913: 8734: 8361: 8236: 8164:

Teaching F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby from Multiple Critical Perspectives

8084: 7946: 7804: 7094:"Full cast announced for Great Gatsby musical with Jeremy Jordan and Eva Noblezada" 6210: 3633: 3629: 3055: 2982: 2861: 2768: 2736: 2641: 2370: 2247: 2239: 2151: 2111: 2067: 2035: 1976: 1972: 1864: 1836: 1686: 1431: 1262: 728: 684:, inspired the character of Jordan Baker. A friend of Ginevra King, she was one of 492: 311: 12005: 9168:

Little, Matthew (December 2015). "'I Could Make Some Money': Cars and Currency in

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and, by the following year, the earlier consensus among professional critics that

12852: 12742: 12410: 11964: 11958: 11439: 11340: 11268: 10535: 10339:"Mickey Mouse Will Be Public Domain Soon – Here's What That Means" 10198: 10161: 9714: 9656: 9538: 9497: 9489: 9414: 9367: 9319: 9249: 8981: 8698: 8679: 8673: 8573: 8511: 8434:. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cambridge, England: 8322: 8162: 8125: 8088: 8048: 7950: 7910: 7870: 7833: 7712: 7675: 5296: 3677: 3058:

when their daughter Frances was born on October 26, 1921, in a St. Paul hospital.

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described Fitzgerald's prose style as scintillating and genuinely brilliant. The

1021: 997: 774: 449: 236: 11828:"Careless People of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Great Gatsby Have a Modern Equivalent" 8397: 2092: 1627:. Since then, numerous altered and incomplete reprints have flooded the market. 1560:, the first biography of Fitzgerald. Mizener's bestselling biography emphasized 1016: 444:

reflects various events in Fitzgerald's youth. He was a young Midwesterner from

355: 249:, greatly impressed Fitzgerald, and he incorporated its imagery into the novel. 12554: 12283: 12102: 11833: 11463: 11390: 11309: 11300: 10959: 10686: 10365: 9863: 9456: 9383: 9091: 8617: 6352: 5597: 3443: 3196: 2949:

Another possible model for Tom Buchanan was Southern polo champion and aviator

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signifying new opportunities in life, is a central theme underlying the novel.

851: 12922: 12900: 12547: 12293: 12288: 12251: 12097: 11774: 11708: 11559: 11280: 9355: 9285: 9115: 8597: 8517: 8392: 8277: 7916: 7816: 7777: 6800: 6206: 4767: 3672: 3088: 2886: 2645: 2546: 2524: 2460: 2391: 2354: 2342: 2334: 2286: 2146:, he describes Wolfsheim's nose as "expressive", "tragic", and able to "flash 2059: 2047: 1960: 1783: 1506: 1483: 1451: 1352: 1331: 1307: 1292: 1235: 1185: 1142:, but it was too late to change it at that stage. The novel was published as 974: 931: 911: 906: 878: 840: 695: 550: 542: 299: 240: 206: 64: 10900: 10251: 8368:

Dear Scott, Dearest Zelda: The Love Letters of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald

1266:

whose disembodied face floated along the dark cornices and blinding signs".

926:

in the area served as inspiration for Gatsby's estate including Land's End,

12912: 12842: 12766: 12723: 12605: 12540: 12307: 12278: 11969: 11331: 11148: 10601: 10556: 10142: 8875: 8466: 7303: 6614:; a few critics have pointed out the novel's bizarre homoerotic leitmotif". 5717: 4463: 4461: 3931: 3258: 2999: 2825: 2791: 2670: 2649: 2623: 2603: 2590: 2534: 2512: 2373:

for previews on March 29, 2024, and opened officially on April 25th, 2024.

2338: 2294: 2271: 2255: 2235: 2127: 2055: 1908: 1806: 1798:

whose sole existence is to augment her possessor's socio-economic success.

1599: 1538: 1494: 1288: 1250: 1246: 1205: 978: 927: 893: 857: 764: 720: 681: 461: 377: 291: 276: 224: 10076: 9791:(Originally published as a brochure to celebrate the Cambridge Edition of 2411: 1493:

In the spring of 1942, mere months after the United States' entrance into

12847: 12273: 11534: 11026:"Children's Books: 'The Great Gatsby: A Graphic Novel Adaptation' Review" 10908: 10479: 9481: 8205: 7748:

Bewley, Marius (Spring 1954). "Scott Fitzgerald's Criticism of America".

6440: 6439:, p. 60: "In February he put on his Show Girl make-up and went to a 6388: 5959: 5426: 2799: 2619: 2498: 2143: 2023: 1802: 1795: 1702:. Scholar Sarah Churchwell contends that Fitzgerald's novel is a tale of 1603: 1530: 1296: 983: 938: 744: 629: 605: 562: 472: 435: 423: 415: 323: 198: 10084: 9816: 9596: 9473: 9046: 8804:

American Literature on Stage and Screen: 525 Works and Their Adaptations

8664: 8639: 8310: 8285: 7824: 7767: 7612:. Today we're launching it again... as an actual 8-bit game. Presenting 4458: 2776:, with Gatsby funding a version of the anti-kaiju defense team G-Force. 1287:

great depression". Fitzgerald soon received letters from contemporaries

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The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America

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Since entering the public domain in 2021, retellings and expansions of

2627: 2594: 2520: 2418: 2358: 2243: 2155: 1875: 1791: 1709:

Although scholars posit different explanations for the continuation of

1575: 1418: 1098: 952:

During this same time period, the daily newspapers sensationalized the

946: 897: 868: 711: 566: 453: 210: 172: 12321: 10804: 10531:"Revisiting Ginevra King, The Lake Forest Woman Who Inspired 'Gatsby'" 9853: 9563: 9290:"Fitzgerald, The Stylist, Challenges Fitzgerald, The Social Historian" 9160: 7952:

Careless People: Murder, Mayhem, and the Invention of The Great Gatsby

5412: 5377: 4773: 4654: 735:

in Louisville, Kentucky, Gatsby encountered the love of his life, the

699: – a Yale University alumnus from the Midwest, a World 609: 11978: 11657: 11408: 10784: 10753: 9808: 9420: 7808: 2924:

Throughout the novel, Fitzgerald identifies his native region of the

2700:, a queer partial retelling and sequel in which Jay Gatsby survives. 2697: 2653: 2553: 2494: 2472: 2307: 1997: 1848: 1810: 1764: 1760: 1231: 1107: 1102: 945:. These details about Gerlach inspired Fitzgerald in his creation of 937:

While living on Long Island, the Fitzgeralds' enigmatic neighbor was

804: 756: 736: 624:. Gatsby tries impressing Nick with tales of his war heroism and his 621: 445: 411: 380:

informed the plot of the novel. King was fêted in the press as among

295: 221: 123: 119: 10998:"Literary Classic 'Great Gatsby' To Come To Life On Balletmet Stage" 9769: 9697: 9631: 8964: 8240: 4178: 2179:

Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution

1751:

Besides exploring the difficulties of achieving the American dream,

918:) became the "new money" peninsula of West Egg and Port Washington ( 755: – a shallow, self-absorbed, and young debutante and 604:

The confrontation between Gatsby and Tom occurs in the twenty-story

12071: 12000: 11804: 9845: 9555: 9189: 9152: 7439: 6478: 6351:, p. 284: According to biographer Matthew J. Bruccoli, author 4828:

CRAZY ABOUT TITLE UNDER THE RED WHITE AND BLUE STOP WHART [

4489: 3903: 2890: 2856: 2836:. In 2011, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 2773: 2105: 2058:

of his fictional mentor Dan Cody, Gatsby participates in extensive

2013: 1952: 1913: 1302: 1249:

and likely referencing the glittering amusement park at New York's

1227: 558: 529: 528:

George Wilson and his wife Myrtle live in the "valley of ashes", a

430: 339: 194: 12895: 9135:

Lisca, Peter (1967). "Nick Carraway and the Imagery of Disorder".

8764:

Hill, W. Speed; Burns, Edward M.; Shillingsburg, Peter L. (2002).

8293:

Fessenden, Tracy (2005). "F. Scott Fitzgerald's Catholic Closet".

6770: 6358: 2306:

The novel has also been adapted for ballet performances. In 2009,

1513:

was one of them. Within the next several years, 155,000 copies of

1401:

was a commercial failure in comparison with his previous efforts,

516: 8352: 8090:

So We Read On: How The Great Gatsby Came to Be and Why It Endures

7608:"11 years ago today, @flimshaw and I launched our hit Flash game 5713:"The Great Gapsby? How modern editions of classics lost the plot" 3671:. Her pictorial counterpart was drawn by the American cartoonist 3668: 3663:, p. 301: "Fitzgerald's literary creation Daisy Buchanan in 3192: 3161: 3091:

in the second edition. This appears in later Scribner's editions.

2759: 2689: 2685: 2387: 2134:. One of the novel's supporting characters is Meyer Wolfsheim, a 1768: 1734: 1257: 1204:), the shadowy cityscape was replaced by carnival lights evoking 901: 577: 419: 407: 220:

The novel was inspired by a youthful romance Fitzgerald had with

82: 11916:"The Finances of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Handwritten by Fitzgerald" 9375: 6678:, pp. 31, 51: "Among the most significant contributions of 4785: 2896: 1446: 1090:

for the novel, one which he wrote himself under the pen name of

9956: 7537: 4943: 4941: 4757: 4527: 4525: 3265: 2953:, whom Fitzgerald met at Long Island parties while in New York. 2932:"—with the perceived virtuousness and rustic simplicity of the 2254:

to commemorate the opening of its new theater. In 2010, critic

2135: 2026:

of a bygone America and the societal transformations caused by

1620: 402:'s fictional narrative fully renders that period—known for its 364: 303: 279:, the novel experienced an abrupt surge in popularity when the 9612:

Person, Leland S. (May 1978). "Herstory' and Daisy Buchanan".

9251:

A Distant Drummer: Foreign Perspectives on F. Scott Fitzgerald

8050:

The Spectacular Modern Woman: Feminine Visibility in the 1920s

7638: 2293:

treatment of the novel to commemorate the 25th anniversary of

11253:

Kirk, Chris; Morgan, Andrew; Wickman, Forrest (May 6, 2013).

10474: 8983:

F. Scott Fitzgerald at Work: The Making of 'The Great Gatsby'

5982: 5980: 5025: 5013: 4334: 3656: 3654: 3578: 2290: 2187:, Milton Hindus, an assistant professor of humanities at the 565:

village of West Egg, next to a luxurious estate inhabited by

186: 9390:

The Far Side of Paradise: A Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald

7835:

F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: A Literary Reference

7264: 7262: 5897: 4989: 4977: 4965: 4938: 4899: 4887: 4797: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4574: 4572: 4522: 4069: 4067: 2885:

Historian Jeff Nilsson described F. Scott Fitzgerald as the

1771:

and wore short skirts. They also drank alcohol and had

973:

To this end, he consciously imitated the literary styles of

860:

was another North Shore inspiration for the novel's setting.

739:

Daisy Buchanan. Later, after the war, he studied briefly at

11171:"Everyone invited: 'Great Gatsby' copyright to end in 2021" 10016:, Identity, and Race, from the Jazz Age to the Obama Era". 9536:(May 1970). "Gatsby: False Prophet of the American Dream". 8620:(Summer 1960). "F. Scott Fitzgerald: Money, Money, Money". 7912:

The Novel 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Novels of All Time

7872:

Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald

7134:"The Great Gatsby Begins Performances on Broadway March 29" 6502: 6456: 6454: 6072: 5798: 5357: 5355: 5097: 5095: 5054: 5052: 4916: 4914: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4346: 3507: 3431: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3061: 2936:

and as culturally distinct from the decadent values of the

2266: 2022:

that Fitzgerald's work evinces a tension between a complex

778: 403: 10057:

Wagner-Martin, Linda (Summer 2004). "Zelda Sayre, Belle".

8329:

Dear Scott/Dear Max: The Fitzgerald–Perkins Correspondence

8262:

College Literature: A Journal of Critical Literary Studies

6854: 6842: 5977: 5933: 5909: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5340: 4103: 3651: 2322:. The show received an encore run the following year. The 1825:

Fitzgerald's novel references a fictional book, Goddard's

1661:

Following the novel's revival, later critical writings on

612:-like edifice with an architectural style inspired by the 11864: 11683:: The Guthrie's first production on its new thrust stage" 11617: 10012:

Vogel, Joseph (2015). "'Civilization's Going to Pieces':

8700:

Redefining the American Dream: The Novels of Willa Cather

7336: 7259: 6975: 6629: 6589: 6259: 6030: 6028: 6026: 5997: 5995: 5955: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5661: 5418: 5080: 4830: 4702: 4569: 4132: 4130: 4064: 4020: 3835: 3602: 3519: 2853: 2754:, a three-part miniseries where Gatsby will team up with 2598: 2576: 1963:

during outings in Minnesota. Years later, while drafting

1956: 1478:

acknowledged its influence on his work. By the time that

213:

and Gatsby's obsession to reunite with his former lover,

40:

The front dust jacket art of the first edition, known as

8841:

Emmy Award Winning Nighttime Television Shows, 1948–2004

7677:

Gatsby: The Cultural History of the Great American Novel

6717: 6541: 6514: 6451: 6418: 6276: 6274: 5678: 5676: 5352: 5126: 5092: 5049: 5001: 4953: 4926: 4911: 4838: 4721: 4636: 4624: 4557: 3891: 3811: 3775: 3471: 3379: 3277: 3202: 2966: 2597:. The episode was directed by Alvin Sapinsley. In 1958, 1024:, convinced the author to abandon his original title of 981:. He was particularly influenced by Cather's 1923 work, 961:

and various characterizations on this factual incident.

11110:"12 Novels Considered the 'Greatest Book Ever Written'" 9963: 8217:

Eble, Kenneth (November 1964). "The Craft of Revision:

7332:"This Retelling Of 'Gatsby' Has Demonic Flair To Spare" 7247: 6919: 6832: 6830: 6577: 6531: 6529: 6466: 6315: 6233: 6231: 6148: 5885: 5814: 5786: 5769: 5544: 5215: 5112: 5110: 4234: 4032: 3787: 3531: 2692:

genre while tackling issues of race and sexuality, and

227:, and the riotous parties he attended on Long Island's 10814:

Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections

8763: 7482: 7023: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6040: 6023: 5992: 5866: 5556: 4779: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4290: 4166: 4127: 4091: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3967: 3859: 3740: 3639: 3590: 3495: 3407: 3048: 2859:, which can also be played on their website. In 2013, 2382:, a third musical adaptation with music and lyrics by 1497:, an association of publishing executives created the 884:

In October 1922, after the birth of their only child,

333: 12884: 10242:. Vol. 217, no. 52. Indianapolis, Indiana: 9298:(Saturday ed.). Baltimore, Maryland. p. 9. 7446: 7299:

prequel set for release days after copyright expires"

7235: 6999: 6959: 6565: 6271: 6176: 5965: 5673: 5617: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5244: 4446: 3919: 3848:

notes: "This name combines two automobile makes: The

3823: 3799: 3548: 3546: 3352: 3308: 2943: 2104:

Fitzgerald based the character of Meyer Wolfsheim on

1154:

This article is about the cover. For other uses, see

483:

where he hoped to die in combat, he was stationed at

19:

This article is about the novel. For other uses, see

11592:"Gatsby's Green Light Beckons a New Set of Strivers" 9674:

Quirk, Tom (December 1982). "Fitzgerald and Cather:

8767:

Text: An Interdisciplinary Annual of Textual Studies

8364:(2002) . Bryer, Jackson R.; Barks, Cathy W. (eds.). 8359: 7470: 7011: 6987: 6827: 6741: 6729: 6617: 6526: 6484: 6344: 6342: 6286: 6228: 6216: 5532: 5520: 5476: 5328: 5284: 5260: 5107: 4596: 4391: 4389: 3696: 1975:, and she alleged that Fitzgerald and fellow writer 11572:. Vol. 13. Bloomsbury, London. pp. 9–11. 7650: 7518: 7494: 7416: 7398:"Longlists Announced for 2022 National Book Awards" 7274: 6931: 6866: 6795:, p. 46: "In those days the contrasts between 5649: 5444: 5272: 5257:

which burned brightly at first but now flares out".

4875: 4855: 4809: 4584: 4505: 4413: 4358: 4246: 4222: 4210: 4142: 4079: 3979: 3110: 2998:survive. Fitzgerald enclosed them with a letter to 2956: 2169:Wolfsheim has been interpreted as representing the 1602:, Thompson once retyped the entirety of the novel. 11886: 11826: 11741: 11712: 11618: 11590: 11496: 11467: 11362: 11080: 11024: 10841: 10652: 10560: 10369: 10337: 10308: 10231: 10203:. Murrells Inlet, South Carolina: Covenant Books. 10163:Trimalchio: An Early Version of 'The Great Gatsby' 10134: 9940: 9910: 9824:Slater, Peter Gregg (January 1973). "Ethnicity in 9648: 9387: 9359: 9220: 9193: 9095: 8879: 8738: 8552: 8427: 8396: 8365: 8326: 8014: 7458: 7185: 5383: 5170: 4766:, pp. vii–viii: Tanner's introduction to the 4302: 4044: 3543: 3320: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3002:in 1925. They are now in the Fitzgerald Papers at 2920: 2918: 2708:, was released in 2022 and was longlisted for the 1859:. A fictional book alluded to by Tom is Goddard's 1501:with the stated purpose of distributing paperback 1097:Fitzgerald initially preferred titles referencing 843:partly served as an inspiration for Gatsby's home. 376:'s romance and life-long obsession with socialite 12242:"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)" 11648:"Row toward hope in this 'Great Gatsby' web game" 11252: 10726:(4). Salisbury, Maryland: 287–294. Archived from 9978:The Making of a Bestseller: From Author to Reader 8317: 7644: 7506: 6339: 5182: 4791: 4733: 4386: 4115: 3419: 2981:With the end of prohibition and the onset of the 2710:National Book Award for Young People's Literature 1947:Photo of Fitzgerald dressed as a woman circa 1915 1665:focused on Fitzgerald's disillusionment with the 1574:editorialist Mizener to proclaim the novel was a 1454:helped revive the author's posthumous reputation. 1188:juxtaposed with the final version. In one draft ( 12920: 12751:F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles' 12231:The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film 8678:. Literature in Context. Westport, Connecticut: 5421:: "The best of his books, the critics said, was 3757: 3755: 3636:'s nephew and was in trouble over bootlegging'". 3369: 3367: 3184: 3182: 3026:Trimalchio: An Early Version of The Great Gatsby 2893:, "the most raucous, gaudy era in U.S. history". 2345:announced a one-month limited engagement at the 2054:resource acquisition. Inspired by the predatory 628:days. Afterward, Nick meets Jordan again at the 9913:Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: A Reader's Guide 9321:Our America: Nativism, Modernism, and Pluralism 8572:—— (1997). Tredell, Nicolas (ed.). 8325:(1971). Kuehl, John; Bryer, Jackson R. (eds.). 7875:(2nd rev. ed.). Columbia, South Carolina: 7202: 7200: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 5465:, p. 26: "One hundred fifty-five thousand 3558: 3294: 3292: 3134: 3009: 2988: 2915: 1763:of the flapper. Flappers were typically young, 1256:Although Fitzgerald likely never saw the final 572:One evening, Nick dines with a distant cousin, 13009:Trying to prevent adulthood in popular culture 11329: 10443:"Great Gatsby 'Nintendo' Game Released Online" 7221: 7219: 6383:, p. 28: "Biographers describe Fay as a ' 5639: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3122: 3071: 2906: 2310:premiered a version at the Capitol Theatre in 2008:Technological and environmental criticisms of 1924:, but because he is perceived as an outsider. 1537:was merely a sensational story or a nostalgic 620:In late July, Nick and Gatsby have lunch at a 12989:American novels adapted into television shows 12337: 12057: 11768: 10470:"Does great literature make for great games?" 10056: 7774: 5200: 4693: 3752: 3449: 3437: 3364: 3341:: "That August Fitzgerald visited Ginevra in 3179: 2630:. Most recently, the novel was adapted as an 2445:The 1926 film trailer—the only extant footage 2003: 1462:hailed him as a brilliant novelist and cited 384:and inspired the character of Daisy Buchanan. 10562:"Hath Not a Year Highlights? Even This One?" 8017:Books in Action: The Armed Services Editions 7197: 6806: 6760: 6758: 6756: 4872:. Unfortunately, it was too late to change". 3301:: Fitzgerald later confided to his daughter 3289: 3031: 2865:released a short symbolic adaptation called 2733:The Great Gatsby: A Graphic Novel Adaptation 2511:appeared onscreen again. It was directed by 209:'s interactions with mysterious millionaire 11629:. New York. December 23, 1940. p. 23. 10621: 10114:University of New Brunswick Libraries - UNB 9412: 7945: 7216: 5860: 5832: 5346: 5116: 4849: 4664: 4284: 3614: 3018: 2975: 2812:dramatization. It was created by dramatist 2794:as Gatsby. The novel was read aloud by the 2601:filmed another adaptation as an episode of 1441: 922:) became the "old money" East Egg. Several 426:as the illicit source of Gatsby's fortune. 390:Set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922, 12344: 12330: 12064: 12050: 10587: 9974: 9570: 9057:F. Scott Fitzgerald: Voice of the Jazz Age 8571: 8546: 8505: 8464: 8421: 8390: 6968:: Reproduction of original program at the 6860: 6848: 6265: 6166: 6142: 6094: 5951: 5820: 5302: 4763: 4751: 4715: 4352: 4340: 4026: 3961: 3953: 3941: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3881: 3841: 3714: 3584: 3253: 3241: 3188: 3157: 3145: 3128: 3081: 904:. These figures were all considered to be 34: 11913: 10995: 10958: 10509:The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles 10467: 9182:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville 8894:F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Man and His Work 8882:F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Man and His Work 8733: 8616: 8292: 8127:A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald 7673: 7488: 7356: 7029: 6753: 6595: 6559: 6508: 6460: 6424: 6400: 6380: 6333: 5879: 5852: 5836: 5578: 5086: 4658: 1938: 993:, where a marital crisis soon developed. 823: 422:in automobiles to broader themes such as 12655:The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald 11884: 11794: 11498:"Eyeing the Unreal Estate of Gatsby Esq" 11201:"Washington Ballet's 'The Great Gatsby'" 11107: 10927: 10836: 10773: 10742: 10654:"Scott Fitzgerald Looks into Middle Age" 10555: 10528: 10099: 9935: 9784: 9749: 9716:The Mansions of Long Island's Gold Coast 9314: 9247: 8303:The Catholic University of America Press 8193: 8160: 8083: 7868: 7831: 7785: 7362: 7241: 7057: 7005: 6965: 6925: 6909: 6893: 6792: 6663: 6547: 6520: 6496: 6412: 6348: 6170: 6154: 6122: 6098: 6066: 6058: 6017: 5915: 5698: 5682: 5635: 5510: 5406: 5361: 5318: 5314: 5250: 5160: 5132: 5120: 5101: 5070: 5058: 5043: 5031: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4932: 4920: 4905: 4893: 4803: 4727: 4681: 4642: 4630: 4618: 4614: 4563: 4543: 4531: 4516: 4499: 4467: 4436: 4407: 4380: 4376: 4320: 4268: 4240: 4196: 4097: 4073: 4038: 4014: 3817: 3793: 3765: 3761: 3730: 3702: 3690: 3625: 3608: 3465: 3453: 3413: 3401: 3373: 3235: 3225: 3213: 3173: 3116: 2211: 1942: 1820: 1816: 1728: 1644: 1445: 1301: 1015: 599: 448:. Like the novel's narrator who went to 414:mores, rebellious youth, and ubiquitous 201:, near New York City, the novel depicts 12351: 11824: 11739: 11676: 11462: 11299: 11225: 11195: 11066:from the original on September 22, 2018 11054:"The Forgotten Childhood of Jay Gatsby" 11051: 11023:Gurdon, Meghan Cox (January 22, 2021). 10983:from the original on September 25, 2018 10928:Giardina, Carolyn (February 22, 2021). 10895: 10609:from the original on September 20, 2023 10396: 10279: 10229: 10196: 9908: 9803:(published October 24, 1991): 140–155. 9712: 9548:National Council of Teachers of English 9532: 9488: 9449: 9394:(2nd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: 9382: 9354: 9284: 9218: 8800: 8123: 7985: 7476: 7363:Grossman, Mary Ann (October 30, 2021). 7268: 7229: 7210: 7045: 7041: 7017: 6993: 6981: 6913: 6897: 6889: 6836: 6776: 6691: 6659: 6583: 6472: 6436: 6364: 6062: 5903: 5891: 5856: 5840: 5792: 5780: 5759: 5710: 5667: 5562: 5550: 5538: 5526: 5514: 5498: 5494: 5482: 5438: 5305:, p. 270, Letter to Edmund Wilson. 5290: 5266: 5230: 5164: 5144: 4677: 4578: 4547: 4328: 4109: 4085: 4010: 3998: 3973: 3937: 3925: 3865: 3829: 3596: 3552: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3425: 3385: 3358: 3314: 3283: 3271: 3244:, p. 15, "Echoes of the Jazz Age". 3148:, p. 18, "Echoes of the Jazz Age". 3131:, p. 16, "Echoes of the Jazz Age". 2879: 1306:Although he praised the novel's style, 1122:Disliking Fitzgerald's chosen title of 460:. There the 18-year-old Fitzgerald met 314:, and its cynical attitude towards the 12921: 12858:Matthew J. Bruccoli (scholarly editor) 11727:from the original on November 16, 2019 11645: 11620:"Scott Fitzgerald, Author, Dies at 44" 11558: 11523: 11495:Murphy, Mary Jo (September 30, 2010). 11494: 11427: 11415:from the original on February 12, 2020 11395:"Murder, Mayhem, and the Invention of 11389: 11317:from the original on February 16, 2019 11168: 11134: 11122:from the original on November 22, 2020 11095:from the original on November 11, 2020 11078: 11039:from the original on December 13, 2021 11022: 10679: 10516:from the original on February 16, 2019 10494: 10384:from the original on December 18, 2019 10323:from the original on December 30, 2014 10184:from the original on November 22, 2021 9909:Tredell, Nicolas (February 28, 2007). 9860: 9823: 9788:Princeton University Library Chronicle 9655:(2nd ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: 9611: 9520:from the original on November 22, 2021 9437:from the original on November 22, 2021 9342:from the original on November 22, 2021 9272:from the original on November 22, 2021 9222:"Literature – And Less" 9167: 9122:from the original on February 22, 2020 9090: 8899: 8721:from the original on November 22, 2021 8696: 8578:. Columbia Critical Guides. New York: 8534:from the original on November 22, 2021 8452:from the original on November 22, 2021 8167:. Clayton, Delaware: Prestwick House. 8148:from the original on November 22, 2021 7933:from the original on November 22, 2021 7792:Princeton University Library Chronicle 7747: 7735:from the original on November 22, 2021 7710: 7698:from the original on November 22, 2021 7656: 7524: 7500: 7422: 7395: 7286: 7280: 7206: 6953: 6949: 6937: 6877: 6821: 6711: 6703: 6280: 6253: 6205:, and the pseudo-scientific racism of 6194: 6182: 6134: 6118: 6106: 6090: 6078: 6046: 6034: 6013: 6001: 5986: 5804: 5747: 5655: 5590: 5378:F. Scott Fitzgerald's ledger 1919–1938 5373: 5322: 5278: 4864:: "Fitzgerald, who despised the title 4861: 4655:F. Scott Fitzgerald's ledger 1919–1938 4551: 4483: 4440: 4296: 4280: 4050: 3726: 2725:The Great Gatsby: A Graphic Adaptation 1397:To Fitzgerald's great disappointment, 731:stationed at the United States Army's 549:and a World War I veteran—journeys to 394:provides a critical social history of 322:is widely considered to be a literary 12325: 12045: 11901:from the original on January 19, 2021 11853: 11812:from the original on October 26, 2019 11808:. New York City: TotalTheater. 1926. 11707: 11695:from the original on January 11, 2021 11633:from the original on January 11, 2021 11588: 11450:from the original on January 11, 2021 11240:from the original on January 13, 2021 11213:from the original on January 11, 2021 11183:from the original on January 24, 2021 10996:Grossberg, Michael (April 20, 2009). 10883:from the original on October 27, 2013 10761:from the original on January 11, 2021 10706: 10682:"Nintendo Lit: Gatsby and Tom Sawyer" 10650: 10638:from the original on October 15, 2013 10575:from the original on January 13, 2014 10543:from the original on October 22, 2018 10529:Borrelli, Christopher (May 7, 2013). 10364: 10335: 10306: 10294:from the original on December 5, 2013 10102:"The Sexual Drama of Nick and Gatsby" 10011: 9999:from the original on January 18, 2017 9896:from the original on January 18, 2017 9673: 9646: 9134: 9016: 8979: 8874: 8837: 8788:from the original on January 18, 2017 8770:. Vol. 14. Ann Arbor, Michigan: 8671: 8646: 8575:F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby 8493:from the original on January 18, 2017 8204: 8181:from the original on January 18, 2017 8046: 7464: 7452: 7323: 7292: 7253: 7225: 7191: 7100:from the original on October 27, 2023 7058:Heckmann, Ann Marie (July 25, 2023). 6675: 6655: 6651: 6623: 6571: 6321: 6304: 6292: 6249: 6237: 6222: 6138: 6102: 5971: 5939: 5927: 5743: 5694: 5623: 5394: 5334: 5176: 5148: 4495: 4471: 4452: 4395: 4264: 4252: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4200: 4184: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4121: 3746: 3734: 3660: 3645: 3338: 3298: 3229: 2994:Only two pages of the first draft of 1863:, which is a parody by Fitzgerald of 1640: 1269: 1214:The artwork for the first edition of 1011: 326:and a contender for the title of the 12035:T: The New York Times Style Magazine 11914:Zuckerman, Esther (April 29, 2013). 11872:from the original on October 3, 2010 11743:"Harbison Mixes Up A Great 'Gatsby'" 11740:Stevens, David (December 29, 1999). 11482:from the original on August 10, 2013 11360: 11348:from the original on January 3, 2021 11010:from the original on August 31, 2016 10868: 10792:from the original on August 12, 2017 10437: 10405:(1). University Park, Pennsylvania: 10352:from the original on October 9, 2020 10336:—— (December 29, 2018). 10287:T: The New York Times Style Magazine 10159: 10132: 10024:(1). University Park, Pennsylvania: 9871: 9737:from the original on August 18, 2020 9651:Radio Soundtracks: A Reference Guide 9188: 9053: 9029:(1). University Park, Pennsylvania: 8940: 8908:(1). University Park, Pennsylvania: 8255: 8216: 8012: 7973:from the original on August 18, 2020 7905: 7856:from the original on August 20, 2020 7512: 7404:from the original on October 5, 2022 7396:Cerézo, Arvyn (September 16, 2022). 7329: 6780: 6764: 6747: 6735: 6723: 6707: 6647: 6635: 6607: 6535: 6368: 5711:Alberge, Dalya (February 12, 2022). 5643: 5574: 5462: 5450: 5188: 4881: 4815: 4780:Hill, Burns & Shillingsburg 2002 4739: 4602: 4590: 4424: 4364: 4324: 4308: 3957: 3913: 3805: 3781: 3769: 3667:was identified with the type of the 3564: 3397: 3326: 2852:they adapted this game to an actual 2834:Classic Adventures: The Great Gatsby 2706:Self-Made Boys: A Great Gatsby Remix 2483:Following the 1926 movie was 1949's 2453:The first movie version of the novel 2274:staging of the novel's full text by 1630: 1184:Drafts of the dust jacket by artist 1050:. Previously he had shifted between 12838:Frances Scott Fitzgerald (daughter) 12631:Babylon Revisited and Other Stories 12518:The Curious Case of Benjamin Button 11885:Williams, John (January 14, 2021). 11854:White, Trevor (December 10, 2007). 11841:from the original on March 25, 2017 11782:from the original on April 30, 2013 11377:from the original on April 25, 2019 11226:Kellogg, Carolyn (April 20, 2011). 11169:Italie, Hillel (January 22, 2020). 11140:"Five Things You Didn't Know About 10946:from the original on April 24, 2021 10915:from the original on April 14, 2015 10468:Benedetti, Winda (March 15, 2010). 10307:Alter, Alexandra (April 19, 2013). 10258:from the original on April 15, 2024 10230:Wittels, David G. (June 23, 1945). 10217:from the original on April 14, 2023 9235:from the original on April 15, 2024 9078:from the original on March 10, 2021 9054:Lazo, Caroline Evensen (May 2003). 8862:from the original on March 10, 2021 8825:from the original on March 10, 2021 8604:from the original on March 10, 2021 8071:from the original on March 10, 2021 7996:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 11. 7893:from the original on March 10, 2021 7552:from the original on April 27, 2022 7144:from the original on April 18, 2024 6203:immigration restriction legislation 5591:Menand, Louis (February 27, 2005). 2729:The Great Gatsby: The Graphic Novel 2688:, a retelling with elements of the 2505:. Twenty-five years later in 1974, 1724: 1692: 655: 479:. While awaiting deployment to the 382:Chicago's most desirable debutantes 334:Historical and biographical context 13: 13019:Novels adapted into radio programs 12999:Novels set in the Roaring Twenties 12954:American novels adapted into plays 12949:American novels adapted into films 11677:Skinner, Quinton (July 26, 2006). 11664:from the original on July 14, 2021 11546:from the original on July 19, 2010 10818:University of South Carolina Press 10667:from the original on June 30, 2013 10622:Churchwell, Sarah (May 3, 2013b). 10280:Aguirre, Abby (November 4, 2011). 10120:from the original on July 21, 2021 10069:University of North Carolina Press 10067:(2). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: 9504:University of South Carolina Press 9454:: Oral Aggression and Splitting". 9039:10.1111/j.1755-6333.2002.tb00059.x 8555:The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald 8161:Drudzina, Douglas (January 2006). 7877:University of South Carolina Press 7626:from the original on April 1, 2022 7587:from the original on April 1, 2022 7377:from the original on July 26, 2022 7344:from the original on July 12, 2022 7311:from the original on July 12, 2022 7173:from the original on July 30, 2023 7074:from the original on July 30, 2023 6307:, pp. 29–30, 33, 38–40, 51: " 5725:from the original on June 12, 2023 2303:, premiered on December 20, 1999. 1971:. She publicly belittled him with 1274: 1149: 886:Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald 14: 13045: 12853:Maxwell Perkins (literary editor) 11946: 11756:from the original on June 5, 2012 11605:from the original on July 8, 2018 11589:Rimer, Sara (February 17, 2008). 11576:from the original on July 5, 2019 11428:Lipton, Gabrielle (May 6, 2013). 10869:Ford, Lillian C. (May 10, 1925). 10856:from the original on July 3, 2013 10824:from the original on June 4, 2016 10743:Donahue, Deirdre (May 7, 2013a). 10694:from the original on May 15, 2013 10680:Crouch, Ian (February 16, 2011). 10495:Berrin, Danielle (May 23, 2013). 10451:. Washington, D.C. Archived from 10272: 9579:. University Park, Pennsylvania: 9174:Papers on Language and Literature 9110:(18). Bloomsbury, London: 13–15. 9004:from the original on June 5, 2021 8111:from the original on June 5, 2021 7986:Coghlan, Ralph (April 25, 1925). 7714:The Great Gatsby and Modern Times 7605: 5605:from the original on July 1, 2014 2715: 2527:as Nick Carraway. Most recently, 2246:'s stage adaptation, directed by 2223:in the first stage adaptation of 1900:" challenged Americans' sense of 1341:was less impressed, referring to 231:in 1922. Following a move to the 21:The Great Gatsby (disambiguation) 16:1925 novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald 13034:Works about the Roaring Twenties 12906: 12894: 12759:F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood 11989: 11856:"BBC World Service Programmes – 11837:. Surry Hills, New South Wales. 11511:from the original on May 7, 2019 11430:"Where Is Jay Gatsby's Mansion?" 11361:Lask, Thomas (October 3, 1971). 11156:from the original on May 7, 2013 10934:Animated Feature in Development" 10310:"A Darker, More Ruthless Gatsby" 9589:10.1111/j.1755-6333.2012.01077.x 9419:(1st ed.). United Kingdom: 9416:Lost City: Fitzgerald's New York 9302:from the original on May 9, 2023 8000:from the original on May 9, 2023 7674:Batchelor, Bob (November 2013). 7666: 7599: 7570: 7564: 7530: 7428: 7389: 7156: 7126: 7112: 7086: 7051: 7035: 6943: 6903: 6883: 6786: 6697: 6685: 6669: 6601: 6553: 6490: 6485:Fitzgerald & Fitzgerald 2002 6430: 6406: 6394: 6374: 6327: 6298: 6243: 6188: 6160: 6128: 6112: 6084: 6052: 6007: 5945: 5921: 5846: 5826: 5753: 5737: 5704: 5688: 5629: 5584: 5568: 5504: 5488: 5456: 5432: 5400: 5367: 5308: 5224: 5154: 5138: 5064: 5037: 4745: 4648: 4608: 4537: 4477: 4430: 3872:, 18 (Summer 1972), pp. 207–212. 2867:The Great Gatsby: The Video Game 2798:in ten parts in 2008. In a 2012 2552:In 2021, visual effects company 2431: 2410: 2357:starred as the leading roles of 2091: 1474:were deeply affected by it, and 1421:' 1926 stage adaptation and the 1243:Among Ash Heaps and Millionaires 1174: 1165: 1052:Among Ash Heaps and Millionaires 850: 832: 767:inspired the character of Daisy. 664: 515: 363: 354: 344:Prohibition in the United States 12639:The Basil and Josephine Stories 11825:Verghis, Sharon (May 3, 2013). 11524:Paskin, Willa (July 15, 2010). 11228:"Last Gasp of the Gatsby House" 10774:—— (May 7, 2013b). 10651:Clark, Edwin (April 19, 1925). 10478:. New York City. Archived from 10423:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.15.1.0117 10415:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.15.1.0117 10200:Cleveland's Colorful Characters 10042:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.13.1.0029 10034:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.13.1.0029 8926:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.16.1.0174 8918:10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.16.1.0174 8886:(1st ed.). New York City: 8256:—— (Winter 1974). " 7645:Kirk, Morgan & Wickman 2013 7293:Flood, Alison (July 15, 2020). 4401: 4370: 4314: 4274: 4258: 4190: 4187:, pp. 53–54, 47–48, 63–64. 4154: 4004: 3875: 3720: 3708: 3684: 3483: 3459: 3391: 3332: 3247: 2752:Godzilla's Monsterpiece Theater 2082: 1861:The Rise of the Colored Empires 1827:The Rise of the Colored Empires 1635: 593:both he and Nick served in the 506: 12807:Z: The Beginning of Everything 12511:The Diamond as Big as the Ritz 12030: – "A Book by Its Covers" 11770:"The Girl at the Grand Palais" 11052:Haglund, David (May 7, 2013). 10843:"Fitzgerald's 'Radiant World'" 10810:"F. Scott Fitzgerald's Ledger" 10399:The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 10133:West, James L. W. III (2005). 10018:The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 9975:Vanderbilt, Arthur T. (1999). 9573:The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 9496:; Baughman, Judith S. (eds.). 9466:Johns Hopkins University Press 9219:McClure, John (May 31, 1925). 9023:The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 8902:The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 8705:Fairleigh Dickinson University 8697:Harvey, Sally Peltier (1995). 8672:Gross, Dalton (October 1998). 8657:University of Nebraska–Lincoln 8270:Johns Hopkins University Press 8124:Curnutt, Kirk (October 2004). 7760:Johns Hopkins University Press 7711:Berman, Ronald (August 1996). 7330:Wick, Jessica (June 6, 2021). 4870:Under the Red, White, and Blue 3219: 3167: 3151: 2819: 2668:have become legal to publish. 2471:. It is a famous example of a 2202: 1546:in a hospital fire, Professor 1140:Under the Red, White, and Blue 1068:Under the Red, White, and Blue 1: 12994:Novels by F. Scott Fitzgerald 12959:Charles Scribner's Sons books 12843:Ginevra King (literary model) 11778:. London. December 22, 2012. 11646:Sarkar, Samit (May 6, 2013). 11364:"The Queens That Gatsby Knew" 10155:– via Internet Archive. 9981:. Jefferson, North Carolina: 9959:– via Internet Archive. 9931:– via Internet Archive. 9836:(1). Durham, North Carolina: 9760:(1). Durham, North Carolina: 9688:(4). Durham, North Carolina: 9669:– via Internet Archive. 9622:(2). Durham, North Carolina: 9450:Paulson, A. B. (Fall 1978). " 9408:– via Internet Archive. 9378:– via Internet Archive. 9214:– via Internet Archive. 9180:(1). Edwardsville, Illinois: 9143:(1). Durham, North Carolina: 8955:(2). Durham, North Carolina: 8890:– via Internet Archive. 8844:. Jefferson, North Carolina: 8807:. Jefferson, North Carolina: 8759:– via Internet Archive. 8567:– via Internet Archive. 8460:– via Internet Archive. 8417:– via Internet Archive. 8386:– via Internet Archive. 8355:– via Internet Archive. 8231:(3). Durham, North Carolina: 8042:– via Internet Archive. 7840:Carroll & Graf Publishers 7781:. New York City. May 5, 1925. 4818:, p. 87: "He settled on 4792:Fitzgerald & Perkins 1971 3098: 2659: 2567: 2331:the second musical adaptation 910:, unlike those who came from 634:American Expeditionary Forces 12848:Max Gerlach (literary model) 11079:Hindus, Milton (June 1947). 10849:The New York Review of Books 10816:. Columbia, South Carolina: 10749:Is The Great American Novel" 10712:"The Three Film Versions of 10160:—— (July 2002). 10106:International Fiction Review 9830:Twentieth Century Literature 9801:Princeton University Library 9799:(2). Princeton, New Jersey: 9502:. Columbia, South Carolina: 9413:O'Meara, Lauraleigh (2002). 9137:Twentieth Century Literature 8772:University of Michigan Press 8047:Conor, Liz (June 22, 2004). 7869:—— (July 2002). 7832:——, ed. (2000). 7801:Princeton University Library 7799:(3). Princeton, New Jersey: 7719:University of Illinois Press 7434:Roe, Mike. (July 19, 2024). 7167:americanrepertorytheater.org 3103: 2762:and the Time Traveller from 2694:The Pursued and the Pursuing 2681:The Chosen and the Beautiful 2264:highly praised the debut of 2118:) who was murdered in 1928. 1757:societal gender expectations 1733:An idealized depiction of a 1192:), a single eye loomed over 534:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park 406:music, economic prosperity, 7: 13024:Novels adapted into ballets 13004:Novels set in New York City 11999:public domain audiobook at 11691:. Los Angeles, California. 11444:The Washington Post Company 11273:The Washington Post Company 11108:Hogeback, Jonathan (2016). 10942:. Los Angeles, California. 10871:"The Seamy Side of Society" 10512:. Los Angeles, California. 10407:Penn State University Press 10026:Penn State University Press 9970:. New York. April 12, 1925. 9581:Penn State University Press 9310:– via Newspapers.com. 9031:Penn State University Press 8988:University of Alabama Press 8910:Penn State University Press 8801:Hischak, Thomas S. (2012). 8013:Cole, John Y., ed. (1984). 8008:– via Newspapers.com. 2333:, with music and lyrics by 2318:premiered a version at the 2297:'s debut. The work, called 2283:New York Metropolitan Opera 2140:fixed the 1919 World Series 1653:, often represented by the 1499:Council on Books in Wartime 930:, and the since-demolished 888:, the Fitzgeralds moved to 686:Chicago's famous debutantes 284:in the subsequent decades. 281:Council on Books in Wartime 10: 13050: 13029:Novels adapted into comics 12984:Novels adapted into operas 11926:The Atlantic Media Company 11236:. El Segundo, California. 10879:. El Segundo, California. 10168:Cambridge University Press 10112:(1). Fredericton, Canada: 9647:Pitts, Michael R. (1986). 9546:(5). Champaign, Illinois: 9464:(3). Baltimore, Maryland: 9324:. Durham, North Carolina: 9231:. New Orleans, Louisiana. 9062:Twenty-First Century Books 9060:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: 8436:Cambridge University Press 8268:(1). Baltimore, Maryland: 7758:(2). Baltimore, Maryland: 7443:. Retrieved July 20, 2024. 5640:Lacayo & Grossman 2010 5419:Fitzgerald's obituary 1940 3197:old commandment broke down 2582:Robert Montgomery Presents 2396:American Repertory Theater 2324:Comedy Theatre of Budapest 2064:South American agriculture 2004:Technology and environment 1881:Analyzing these elements, 1153: 595:3rd Infantry Division 553:to obtain employment as a 495:, a vivacious 17-year-old 475:and was commissioned as a 337: 243:'s dust jacket art, named 18: 12979:Murder–suicide in fiction 12964:Novels set in Long Island 12874:F. Scott Fitzgerald House 12866: 12825: 12783:The Pursuit of Persephone 12734: 12715: 12688: 12669: 12622: 12578: 12527: 12490: 12435:Flappers and Philosophers 12432: 12421: 12368: 12359: 12266: 12222: 12188: 12161: 12118: 12111: 12085: 11888:"The 'Great Gatsby' Glut" 11305:"Fitzgerald and the Jews" 10720:Literature-Film Quarterly 10239:The Saturday Evening Post 10225:– via Google Books. 10192:– via Google Books. 10100:Wasiolek, Edward (1992). 10007:– via Google Books. 9964:"Turns with a Bookworm". 9904:– via Google Books. 9753:Novel: A Forum on Fiction 9745:– via Google Books. 9528:– via Google Books. 9445:– via Google Books. 9350:– via Google Books. 9280:– via Google Books. 9086:– via Google Books. 9012:– via Google Books. 8870:– via Google Books. 8833:– via Google Books. 8796:– via Google Books. 8729:– via Google Books. 8692:– via Google Books. 8612:– via Google Books. 8580:Columbia University Press 8542:– via Google Books. 8501:– via Google Books. 8189:– via Google Books. 8156:– via Google Books. 8119:– via Google Books. 8095:Little, Brown and Company 8079:– via Google Books. 7981:– via Google Books. 7941:– via Google Books. 7901:– via Google Books. 7864:– via Google Books. 7743:– via Google Books. 7706:– via Google Books. 7370:Twin Cities Pioneer Press 6710:, pp. 358, 362–364; 2735:, which was published by 2044:environmental destruction 2019:The Machine in the Garden 1987:noted that characters in 1849:racially superior Nordics 1744:The Saturday Evening Post 1348:The Chicago Daily Tribune 1196:. In a subsequent draft ( 1092:Thomas Parke D'Invilliers 545:—a Yale alumnus from the 252:After its publication by 162: 146: 130: 114: 106: 96: 88: 78: 70: 60: 50: 33: 12387:The Beautiful and Damned 12213:Gatsby: An American Myth 11469:"Gatsby, 35 Years Later" 10371:"White-Collar Supremacy" 9713:Randall, Mónica (2003). 9396:Houghton-Mifflin Company 8980:Kruse, Horst H. (2014). 8888:World Publishing Company 8655:(4). Lincoln, Nebraska: 8506:—— (2000) . 8477:Chelsea House Publishers 8465:—— (2006) . 8422:—— (1991) . 8055:Indiana University Press 8053:. Bloomington, Indiana: 7957:Little, Brown Book Group 7682:Rowman & Littlefield 7614:The Great Gatsby for NES 7610:The Great Gatsby for NES 7540:The Great Gatsby for NES 3303:Frances Scott Fitzgerald 3274:, pp. 11, 129, 140. 2872: 2846:The Great Gatsby for NES 2779: 2379:Gatsby: An American Myth 2207: 1927:Because of such themes, 1870:The Rising Tide of Color 1832:The Rising Tide of Color 1557:The Far Side of Paradise 1442:Revival and reassessment 1410:The Beautiful and Damned 797:Jordan Motor Car Company 452:, he was educated at an 269:The Beautiful and Damned 136:The Beautiful and Damned 13014:American romance novels 12833:Zelda Fitzgerald (wife) 11115:Encyclopædia Britannica 11032:The Wall Street Journal 10971:s Creative Destruction" 10597:and the American dream" 10316:The Wall Street Journal 9983:McFarland & Company 9967:New York Herald Tribune 9949:Charles Scribner's Sons 9490:Perkins, Maxwell Evarts 9202:Oxford University Press 8986:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: 8846:McFarland & Company 8809:McFarland & Company 8703:. Teaneck, New Jersey: 8630:(3). Washington, D.C.: 8561:Charles Scribner's Sons 8547:—— (1963). 8391:—— (1945). 8335:Charles Scribner's Sons 8301:(3). Washington, D.C.: 8295:U.S. Catholic Historian 8197:The Dallas Morning News 8132:Oxford University Press 7993:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 7717:. Champaign, Illinois: 6445:University of Minnesota 5217:New York Herald Tribune 2850:Adobe Flash end of life 2401: 2276:Elevator Repair Service 2171:Jewish miser stereotype 2154:, a notorious New York 1829:, which is a parody of 1503:Armed Services Editions 1367:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1361:The Dallas Morning News 1338:New York Herald Tribune 1280:Charles Scribner's Sons 1101:, the crude upstart in 1086:came from Fitzgerald's 1084:The High-Bouncing Lover 1076:The High-Bouncing Lover 1064:On the Road to West Egg 741:Trinity College, Oxford 429:Fitzgerald conveys the 396:Prohibition-era America 101:Charles Scribner's Sons 11569:London Review of Books 11564:"The Road to West Egg" 10939:The Hollywood Reporter 10708:Dixon, Wheeler Winston 10246:. pp. 11, 91–92. 9872:Tate, Mary Jo (2007). 9864:New York Evening World 9103:London Review of Books 9097:"Daisy Packs Her Bags" 9094:(September 21, 2000). 8838:Hyatt, Wesley (2006). 8649:Great Plains Quarterly 8632:Phi Beta Kappa Society 7775:"Books on Our Table". 3870:Modern Fiction Studies 3844:, p. 184. Editor 3764:, pp. 9–11, 246; 3733:, pp. 9–11, 246; 2614:which was directed by 2228: 2130:because of its use of 1948: 1939:Sexuality and identity 1840: 1748: 1658: 1455: 1373:New York Evening World 1311: 1124:Trimalchio in West Egg 1117:Trimalchio in West Egg 1080:The Gold-Hatted Gatsby 1072:The Gold-Hatted Gatsby 1060:Trimalchio in West Egg 1040:, a title inspired by 1033: 1026:Trimalchio in West Egg 954:Hall–Mills murder case 824:Writing and production 727:, when he was a young 617: 12944:Novels about adultery 12647:The Pat Hobby Stories 12530:All the Sad Young Men 12493:Tales of the Jazz Age 12474:Bernice Bobs Her Hair 12379:This Side of Paradise 12247:"Young and Beautiful" 11711:(September 8, 2003). 11336:"All-TIME 100 Novels" 11118:. Chicago, Illinois. 11003:The Columbus Dispatch 10840:(December 21, 2000). 10559:(December 16, 2010). 10539:. Chicago, Illinois. 10441:(February 25, 2011). 10368:(November 25, 2016). 10233:"What the G.I. Reads" 10197:Whipple, Kit (2019). 10077:10.1353/scu.2004.0029 9838:Duke University Press 9762:Duke University Press 9690:Duke University Press 9624:Duke University Press 9326:Duke University Press 9316:Michaels, Walter Benn 9145:Duke University Press 8957:Duke University Press 8520:. pp. vii–viii. 8233:Duke University Press 8210:Life Itself: A Memoir 8087:(September 9, 2014). 7988:"F. Scott Fitzgerald" 7096:. September 6, 2023. 4834:] WOULD DELAY BE" 3852:and the conservative 3343:Lake Forest, Illinois 2938:eastern United States 2928:—those "towns beyond 2848:; in 2022, after the 2704:own queer retelling, 2702:Anna-Marie McLemore's 2616:Franklin J. Schaffner 2316:The Washington Ballet 2215: 2189:University of Chicago 2068:consumerist lifestyle 1946: 1845:socio-economic status 1824: 1817:Race and displacement 1732: 1648: 1520:Saturday Evening Post 1449: 1404:This Side of Paradise 1305: 1020:Fitzgerald's editor, 1019: 783:Lake Forest, Illinois 771:Thomas "Tom" Buchanan 705:first-person narrator 603: 398:during the Jazz Age. 338:Further information: 263:This Side of Paradise 12969:Metafictional novels 12939:1925 American novels 12791:Waiting for the Moon 11924:. Washington, D.C.: 11800:– The Broadway Play" 11199:(November 4, 2011). 10806:Fitzgerald, F. Scott 10788:. McLean, Virginia. 10757:. McLean, Virginia. 10716:: A Vision Deferred" 10482:on February 22, 2011 9919:Continuum Publishing 9723:. pp. 275–277. 9494:Bruccoli, Matthew J. 8623:The American Scholar 8424:Bruccoli, Matthew J. 8319:Fitzgerald, F. Scott 8021:. Washington, D.C.: 7787:Bruccoli, Matthew J. 7680:. Lanham, Maryland: 7068:Paper Mill Playhouse 6706:, pp. 174–188; 6650:, pp. 409–411; 6638:, pp. 412, 414. 6081:, pp. 253, 256. 6016:, pp. 250–257; 5942:, pp. 210, 221. 5906:, pp. 117, 128. 5253:: " is considered a 5034:, pp. 143, 154. 5022:, pp. 145, 154. 4470:, pp. 171–172; 4055:Great Neck, New York 3784:, pp. 4, 57–59. 3516:, pp. 135, 140. 3456:, pp. 189, 437. 3004:Princeton University 2787:Family Hour of Stars 2774:King of the Monsters 2676:Michael Farris Smith 2537:in 2013 and starred 2423:1926 film adaptation 2347:Paper Mill Playhouse 2126:has been accused of 2070:and exacerbates the 1886:Walter Benn Michaels 1588:Great American Novel 1450:Fitzgerald's friend 890:Great Neck, New York 761:Louisville, Kentucky 328:Great American Novel 12934:Fiction set in 1922 12446:The Offshore Pirate 12403:Tender Is the Night 12353:F. Scott Fitzgerald 12073:F. Scott Fitzgerald 11932:on November 6, 2013 11530:, Now a Video Game" 11404:Leonard Lopate Show 11334:(January 6, 2010). 11209:. Washington, D.C. 11206:The Washington Post 11152:. Toronto, Canada. 10979:. Washington, D.C. 10730:on October 13, 2013 10448:The Washington Post 9880:Infobase Publishing 9681:American Literature 9615:American Literature 9200:. Oxford, England: 8948:American Literature 8224:American Literature 8130:. Oxford, England: 8023:Library of Congress 7546:greatgatsbygame.com 6726:, pp. 358–364. 6199:reborn Ku Klux Klan 6101:, pp. 18, 29; 5989:, pp. 250–257. 5750:, pp. 223–224. 5577:, pp. 34, 45; 4998:, pp. 149–153. 4986:, pp. 149–151. 4974:, pp. 148–149. 4950:, pp. 140–155. 4908:, pp. 141–155. 4896:, pp. 215–217. 4806:, pp. 206–207. 4684:, pp. 206–207. 4534:, pp. 143–144. 4343:, pp. xvi, xx. 4112:, pp. 275–277. 3846:Matthew J. Bruccoli 3587:, pp. 39, 188. 2951:Tommy Hitchcock Jr. 2808:took the form of a 2326:created a musical. 2250:, premiered at the 1969:closeted homosexual 1918:Old Stock Americans 1580:American literature 1482:was republished in 1427:silent film version 924:Gold Coast mansions 839:The now-demolished 801:Baker Motor Vehicle 489:Montgomery, Alabama 400:F. Scott Fitzgerald 374:F. Scott Fitzgerald 191:F. Scott Fitzgerald 189:by American writer 152:Tender Is the Night 55:F. Scott Fitzgerald 30: 12467:The Cut-Glass Bowl 12460:Head and Shoulders 12414:(1941, unfinished) 11894:The New York Times 11749:The New York Times 11720:The New York Times 11626:The New York Times 11598:The New York Times 11504:The New York Times 11475:The New York Times 11466:(April 24, 1960). 11370:The New York Times 11006:. Columbus, Ohio. 10660:The New York Times 10568:The New York Times 10377:The New York Times 10345:The New York Times 10282:"Gatsby En Pointe" 9506:. pp. 27–30. 9362:Zelda: A Biography 9258:. pp. 11–20. 9228:The Times-Picayune 8848:. pp. 49–50. 8811:. pp. 85–86. 8374:St. Martin's Press 7751:The Sewanee Review 7164:"Gatsby at A.R.T." 6970:Ambassador Theatre 6767:, pp. 363–364 6658:, pp. 20–21; 6173:, pp. 18, 29. 4617:, pp. 54–56; 4323:, pp. 53–54; 4267:, pp. 45–83; 4203:, pp. 47–48; 3940:, pp. 54–55; 3681:during the 1920s". 3528:, pp. 140–41. 3450:Wagner-Martin 2004 3438:Wagner-Martin 2004 2830:hidden object game 2828:released a casual 2261:The New York Times 2229: 2132:Jewish stereotypes 2032:machine technology 1949: 1896:immigrants whose " 1841: 1749: 1737:as illustrated by 1659: 1641:The American Dream 1592:Hunter S. Thompson 1572:The New York Times 1552:Cornell University 1460:The New York Times 1456: 1383:The Times-Picayune 1320:The New York Times 1312: 1270:Critical reception 1136:Gold-Hatted Gatsby 1034: 1012:Alternative titles 717:James "Jimmy" Gatz 618: 614:French Renaissance 469:United States Army 28: 12882: 12881: 12799:Midnight in Paris 12716:Essay collections 12665: 12664: 12613:Babylon Revisited 12319: 12318: 12302:The Great Phatsby 12262: 12261: 11984:Project Gutenberg 11921:The Atlantic Wire 11656:. New York City: 11538:. New York City: 11438:. New York City: 11407:. New York City. 11393:(June 17, 2014). 11344:. New York City. 11330:Lacayo, Richard; 11313:. New York City. 11303:(July 20, 2015). 11267:. New York City: 11259:: The Video Game" 11233:Los Angeles Times 11179:. New York City. 11091:. New York City. 11062:. New York City. 11035:. New York City. 10901:"Classic Serial, 10876:Los Angeles Times 10852:. New York City. 10690:. New York City. 10589:Churchwell, Sarah 10319:. New York City. 10290:. New York City. 10244:Curtis Publishing 10210:978-1-64559-326-3 10177:978-0-521-89047-2 10152:978-1-4000-6308-6 10060:Southern Cultures 9992:978-0-7864-0663-0 9928:978-0-8264-9010-0 9889:978-1-4381-0845-2 9730:978-0-8478-2649-0 9534:Pearson, Roger L. 9513:978-1-57003-548-7 9430:978-0-415-86701-6 9405:978-1-199-45748-6 9335:978-0-8223-2064-7 9265:978-0-8204-8851-6 9243:– via NOLA. 9211:978-0-19-513351-6 9071:978-0-8225-0074-2 8997:978-0-8173-1839-0 8818:978-0-7864-6842-3 8781:978-0-472-11272-2 8756:978-0-684-82499-4 8735:Hemingway, Ernest 8714:978-0-8386-3557-5 8689:978-0-313-30097-4 8589:978-0-231-11535-3 8527:978-0-14-118263-6 8486:978-1-4381-1454-5 8383:978-1-9821-1713-9 8362:Fitzgerald, Zelda 8344:978-0-684-12373-8 8174:978-1-58049-174-7 8141:978-0-19-515303-3 8104:978-0-316-23008-7 8085:Corrigan, Maureen 8064:978-0-253-21670-0 8032:978-0-8444-0466-0 7966:978-1-84408-767-9 7947:Churchwell, Sarah 7926:978-0-8160-7860-8 7886:978-1-57003-455-8 7849:978-0-7867-0996-0 7838:. New York City: 7728:978-0-252-06589-7 7691:978-0-8108-9195-1 7271:, pp. 85–86. 7256:, pp. 49–50. 7232:, pp. 85–86. 7213:, pp. 85–86. 6984:, pp. 93–95. 6666:, pp. 20–21. 6511:, pp. 32–33. 6324:, pp. 38–40. 5918:, pp. 17–20. 5670:, pp. 89–90. 5325:, pp. 13–15. 4581:, pp. 27–30. 4443:, pp. 13–15. 4175:, pp. 6, 20. 4139:, pp. 23–24. 4076:, pp. 38–39. 3944:, pp. 28–29. 3808:, pp. 57–59. 3772:, pp. 66–70. 3749:, pp. 82–88. 3648:, pp. 45–46. 3611:, pp. 11–20. 3573:1939 World's Fair 3480:, pp. 79–82. 3404:, pp. 86, 91 3388:, pp. 79–80. 3286:, pp. 30–31. 3216:, pp. 53–54. 3037:Many years after 2796:BBC World Service 2587:Robert Montgomery 2539:Leonardo DiCaprio 2477:National Archives 2440: 2394:premiered at the 2217:Florence Eldridge 2164:1919 World Series 2162:that tainted the 2160:Black Sox Scandal 2077:ecological crisis 2028:industrialization 1912:adherence to the 1902:national identity 1883:literary theorist 1769:bobbed their hair 1741:for the cover of 1711:class differences 1683:Long Island Sound 1655:Statue of Liberty 1631:Critical analysis 1594:retyped pages of 1392:John Peale Bishop 1326:Los Angeles Times 1216:The Great Gatsby, 1194:Long Island Sound 1047:Le Grand Meaulnes 957:of the ending of 775:white supremacist 688:in the Jazz Age. 477:second lieutenant 178: 177: 107:Publication place 61:Cover artist 29:The Great Gatsby 13041: 12974:Modernist novels 12929:The Great Gatsby 12911: 12910: 12909: 12899: 12898: 12890: 12705:A Yank at Oxford 12623:Posthumous works 12592:The Freshest Boy 12581:Taps at Reveille 12430: 12429: 12395:The Great Gatsby 12346: 12339: 12332: 12323: 12322: 12205:The Great Gatsby 12197:The Great Gatsby 12178:The Great Gatsby 12170:The Great Gatsby 12151:The Great Gatsby 12143:The Great Gatsby 12135:The Great Gatsby 12127:The Great Gatsby 12116: 12115: 12078:The Great Gatsby 12066: 12059: 12052: 12043: 12042: 12028:The Great Gatsby 12020:The Great Gatsby 12007:The Great Gatsby 11996:The Great Gatsby 11993: 11992: 11986: 11979:The Great Gatsby 11965:The Great Gatsby 11954:The Great Gatsby 11941: 11939: 11937: 11928:. Archived from 11910: 11908: 11906: 11890: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11858:The Great Gatsby 11850: 11848: 11846: 11830: 11821: 11819: 11817: 11798:The Great Gatsby 11791: 11789: 11787: 11765: 11763: 11761: 11745: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11716: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11681:The Great Gatsby 11673: 11671: 11669: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11622: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11594: 11585: 11583: 11581: 11562:(July 4, 2013). 11555: 11553: 11551: 11528:The Great Gatsby 11520: 11518: 11516: 11500: 11491: 11489: 11487: 11471: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11442:, a division of 11424: 11422: 11420: 11397:The Great Gatsby 11386: 11384: 11382: 11366: 11357: 11355: 11353: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11287:on June 25, 2013 11283:. Archived from 11271:, a division of 11257:The Great Gatsby 11249: 11247: 11245: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11176:Associated Press 11165: 11163: 11161: 11142:The Great Gatsby 11131: 11129: 11127: 11104: 11102: 11100: 11084: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11028: 11019: 11017: 11015: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10970: 10966:The Great Gatsby 10955: 10953: 10951: 10932:The Great Gatsby 10924: 10922: 10920: 10903:The Great Gatsby 10899:(May 12, 2012). 10892: 10890: 10888: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10845: 10838:Flanagan, Thomas 10833: 10831: 10829: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10778:The Great Gatsby 10770: 10768: 10766: 10739: 10737: 10735: 10714:The Great Gatsby 10703: 10701: 10699: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10656: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10626:The Great Gatsby 10618: 10616: 10614: 10595:The Great Gatsby 10591:(May 25, 2012). 10584: 10582: 10580: 10564: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10503: 10499:The Great Gatsby 10491: 10489: 10487: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10434: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10373: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10341: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10312: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10235: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10156: 10140: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10096: 10053: 10014:The Great Gatsby 10008: 10006: 10004: 9971: 9960: 9946: 9943:Scott Fitzgerald 9937:Turnbull, Andrew 9932: 9916: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9868: 9857: 9826:The Great Gatsby 9820: 9809:10.2307/26410056 9793:The Great Gatsby 9781: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9719:. Milan, Italy: 9709: 9676:The Great Gatsby 9670: 9654: 9643: 9608: 9567: 9550:: 638–642, 645. 9529: 9527: 9525: 9485: 9452:The Great Gatsby 9446: 9444: 9442: 9409: 9393: 9379: 9368:Harper & Row 9365: 9351: 9349: 9347: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9244: 9242: 9240: 9224: 9215: 9199: 9185: 9170:The Great Gatsby 9164: 9131: 9129: 9127: 9099: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9050: 9019:The Great Gatsby 9013: 9011: 9009: 8976: 8943:The Great Gatsby 8937: 8891: 8885: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8760: 8744: 8741:A Moveable Feast 8730: 8728: 8726: 8693: 8668: 8643: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8568: 8558: 8549:Turnbull, Andrew 8543: 8541: 8539: 8513:The Great Gatsby 8502: 8500: 8498: 8472:The Great Gatsby 8461: 8459: 8457: 8433: 8430:The Great Gatsby 8418: 8402: 8387: 8371: 8360:——; 8356: 8332: 8323:Perkins, Maxwell 8314: 8289: 8258:The Great Gatsby 8252: 8219:The Great Gatsby 8213: 8201: 8200:. Dallas, Texas. 8190: 8188: 8186: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8020: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7828: 7809:10.2307/26402223 7782: 7771: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7575:The Great Gatsby 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7297:The Great Gatsby 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7223: 7214: 7204: 7195: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7138:www.playbill.com 7130: 7124: 7123: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7064:, a New Musical" 7062:The Great Gatsby 7055: 7049: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6963: 6957: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6907: 6901: 6887: 6881: 6875: 6864: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6825: 6819: 6804: 6790: 6784: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6714:, pp. 3–26. 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6680:The Great Gatsby 6673: 6667: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6615: 6612:The Great Gatsby 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6378: 6372: 6362: 6356: 6346: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6309:The Great Gatsby 6302: 6296: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6211:Lothrop Stoddard 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6132: 6126: 6116: 6110: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6021: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5990: 5984: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5864: 5861:Churchwell 2013b 5850: 5844: 5833:Churchwell 2013b 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5767: 5764:The Great Gatsby 5757: 5751: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5708: 5702: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5588: 5582: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5508: 5502: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5471:The Great Gatsby 5460: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5423:The Great Gatsby 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5381: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5235:The Great Gatsby 5228: 5222: 5213: 5207: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5158: 5152: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5114: 5105: 5099: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4873: 4866:The Great Gatsby 4859: 4853: 4850:Churchwell 2013b 4847: 4836: 4835: 4825: 4820:The Great Gatsby 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4700: 4691: 4685: 4675: 4662: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4520: 4514: 4503: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4465: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4384: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4355:, p. xxvii. 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4299:, pp. 9–11. 4294: 4288: 4285:Churchwell 2013a 4278: 4272: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4059:The Great Gatsby 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3951: 3945: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3879: 3873: 3863: 3857: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3820:, pp. 9–11. 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3759: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3665:The Great Gatsby 3658: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3634:General Pershing 3630:Zelda Fitzgerald 3623: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3296: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3200: 3186: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056:Zelda Fitzgerald 3052: 3046: 3043: 3039:The Great Gatsby 3035: 3029: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3007: 2996:The Great Gatsby 2992: 2986: 2983:Great Depression 2979: 2973: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2947: 2941: 2922: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2883: 2842:The Great Gatsby 2805:The Great Gatsby 2769:The Time Machine 2741:The Great Gatsby 2737:Candlewick Press 2721:The Great Gatsby 2666:The Great Gatsby 2642:Robert Markowitz 2640:was directed by 2637:The Great Gatsby 2610:The Great Gatsby 2533:was directed by 2530:The Great Gatsby 2508:The Great Gatsby 2486:The Great Gatsby 2442: 2441: 2414: 2376:In Spring 2024, 2300:The Great Gatsby 2248:David Esbjornson 2225:The Great Gatsby 2152:Arnold Rothstein 2149: 2124:The Great Gatsby 2112:Arnold Rothstein 2095: 2056:mining practices 2036:William Faulkner 1989:The Great Gatsby 1977:Ernest Hemingway 1973:homophobic slurs 1965:The Great Gatsby 1929:The Great Gatsby 1909:status anxieties 1894:Eastern European 1865:Lothrop Stoddard 1837:Lothrop Stoddard 1753:The Great Gatsby 1725:Gender relations 1719: 1700:station of birth 1693:Class permanence 1687:Sarah Churchwell 1675:Colonial America 1671:Roger L. Pearson 1663:The Great Gatsby 1616:The Great Gatsby 1612:The Great Gatsby 1596:The Great Gatsby 1584:The Great Gatsby 1578:of 20th-century 1566: 1562:The Great Gatsby 1535:The Great Gatsby 1525: 1511:The Great Gatsby 1436:The Great Gatsby 1432:Great Depression 1378:The Great Gatsby 1343:The Great Gatsby 1315:The Great Gatsby 1284:The Great Gatsby 1263:Ernest Hemingway 1178: 1169: 1144:The Great Gatsby 1128:The Great Gatsby 1038:The Great Gatsby 1030:The Great Gatsby 970:The Great Gatsby 959:The Great Gatsby 854: 836: 811:George B. Wilson 729:military officer 726: 702: 668: 656:Major characters 541:In spring 1922, 519: 473:World War I 442:The Great Gatsby 392:The Great Gatsby 367: 358: 320:The Great Gatsby 312:environmentalism 300:self-made wealth 258:The Great Gatsby 182:The Great Gatsby 168:The Great Gatsby 147:Followed by 131:Preceded by 38: 31: 27: 13049: 13048: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13039: 13038: 12919: 12918: 12917: 12907: 12905: 12893: 12885: 12883: 12878: 12862: 12821: 12743:Beloved Infidel 12730: 12711: 12684: 12661: 12618: 12574: 12523: 12486: 12424: 12417: 12411:The Last Tycoon 12364: 12355: 12350: 12320: 12315: 12258: 12252:"Over the Love" 12218: 12189:Theatre / stage 12184: 12157: 12107: 12081: 12070: 11990: 11976: 11959:Standard Ebooks 11949: 11944: 11935: 11933: 11904: 11902: 11875: 11873: 11844: 11842: 11815: 11813: 11785: 11783: 11759: 11757: 11730: 11728: 11698: 11696: 11667: 11665: 11636: 11634: 11608: 11606: 11579: 11577: 11549: 11547: 11514: 11512: 11485: 11483: 11464:Mizener, Arthur 11453: 11451: 11440:The Slate Group 11418: 11416: 11391:Lopate, Leonard 11380: 11378: 11351: 11349: 11320: 11318: 11301:Krystal, Arthur 11290: 11288: 11269:The Slate Group 11243: 11241: 11216: 11214: 11186: 11184: 11159: 11157: 11138:(May 5, 2013). 11125: 11123: 11098: 11096: 11069: 11067: 11042: 11040: 11013: 11011: 10986: 10984: 10968: 10962:(May 2, 2013). 10960:Gillespie, Nick 10949: 10947: 10918: 10916: 10897:Forrest, Robert 10886: 10884: 10859: 10857: 10827: 10825: 10795: 10793: 10780:by the Numbers" 10764: 10762: 10733: 10731: 10697: 10695: 10670: 10668: 10641: 10639: 10612: 10610: 10578: 10576: 10546: 10544: 10536:Chicago Tribune 10519: 10517: 10501: 10485: 10483: 10458: 10456: 10455:on May 27, 2012 10387: 10385: 10366:Baker, Kelly J. 10355: 10353: 10326: 10324: 10297: 10295: 10275: 10270: 10261: 10259: 10220: 10218: 10211: 10187: 10185: 10178: 10153: 10123: 10121: 10002: 10000: 9993: 9929: 9899: 9897: 9890: 9770:10.2307/1344886 9740: 9738: 9731: 9698:10.2307/2926007 9667: 9659:. p. 127. 9657:Scarecrow Press 9632:10.2307/2925105 9539:English Journal 9523: 9521: 9514: 9440: 9438: 9431: 9406: 9384:Mizener, Arthur 9345: 9343: 9336: 9305: 9303: 9295:The Evening Sun 9288:(May 2, 1925). 9275: 9273: 9266: 9238: 9236: 9212: 9125: 9123: 9092:Leader, Zachary 9081: 9079: 9072: 9007: 9005: 8998: 8965:10.2307/2928304 8865: 8863: 8856: 8828: 8826: 8819: 8791: 8789: 8782: 8757: 8724: 8722: 8715: 8690: 8680:Greenwood Press 8618:Friedrich, Otto 8607: 8605: 8590: 8537: 8535: 8528: 8496: 8494: 8487: 8455: 8453: 8446: 8415: 8384: 8345: 8241:10.2307/2923547 8184: 8182: 8175: 8151: 8149: 8142: 8114: 8112: 8105: 8074: 8072: 8065: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8003: 8001: 7976: 7974: 7967: 7936: 7934: 7927: 7917:Checkmark Books 7907:Burt, Daniel S. 7896: 7894: 7887: 7859: 7857: 7850: 7738: 7736: 7729: 7701: 7699: 7692: 7669: 7664: 7663: 7655: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7604: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7571:Hoey, Charlie. 7569: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7523: 7519: 7511: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7433: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7361: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7291: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7267: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7240: 7236: 7224: 7217: 7205: 7198: 7190: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7056: 7052: 7040: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7016: 7012: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6964: 6960: 6948: 6944: 6936: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6912:, p. 179; 6908: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6876: 6867: 6861:Fitzgerald 1991 6859: 6855: 6849:Fitzgerald 1991 6847: 6843: 6835: 6828: 6820: 6807: 6791: 6787: 6779:, p. 190; 6775: 6771: 6763: 6754: 6746: 6742: 6734: 6730: 6722: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6690: 6686: 6674: 6670: 6662:, p. 329; 6646: 6642: 6634: 6630: 6622: 6618: 6606: 6602: 6594: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6534: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6459: 6452: 6435: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6391:and good wine". 6379: 6375: 6367:, p. 154; 6363: 6359: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6303: 6299: 6291: 6287: 6279: 6272: 6266:Pekarofski 2012 6264: 6260: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6229: 6221: 6217: 6193: 6189: 6181: 6177: 6167:Pekarofski 2012 6165: 6161: 6153: 6149: 6143:Pekarofski 2012 6133: 6129: 6117: 6113: 6095:Pekarofski 2012 6089: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6061:, p. 156; 6057: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6033: 6024: 6012: 6008: 6000: 5993: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5952:Fitzgerald 1945 5950: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5878: 5867: 5859:, p. 117; 5851: 5847: 5831: 5827: 5821:Churchwell 2012 5819: 5815: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5791: 5787: 5779: 5770: 5758: 5754: 5746:, p. 189; 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5709: 5705: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5589: 5585: 5573: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5513:, p. 217; 5509: 5505: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5449: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5393: 5384: 5372: 5368: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5317:, p. 219; 5313: 5309: 5303:Fitzgerald 1945 5301: 5297: 5289: 5285: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5229: 5225: 5214: 5210: 5199: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5163:, p. 217; 5159: 5155: 5143: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5075:valley of ashes 5069: 5065: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4892: 4888: 4880: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4839: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4764:Fitzgerald 2000 4762: 4758: 4752:Fitzgerald 1991 4750: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4716:Vanderbilt 1999 4714: 4703: 4692: 4688: 4680:, p. 185; 4676: 4665: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4550:, p. 112; 4546:, p. 195; 4542: 4538: 4530: 4523: 4515: 4506: 4498:, p. 275; 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4387: 4379:, p. 178; 4375: 4371: 4363: 4359: 4353:Fitzgerald 1991 4351: 4347: 4341:Fitzgerald 1991 4339: 4335: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4287:, pp. 1–9. 4279: 4275: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4247: 4239: 4235: 4227: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4199:, p. 178; 4195: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4065: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4027:Fitzgerald 1963 4025: 4021: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3962:Fitzgerald 1991 3960:, p. 101; 3954:Fitzgerald 2006 3952: 3948: 3942:Fitzgerald 1991 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3910:Fitzgerald 2006 3908: 3904: 3898:Fitzgerald 1991 3896: 3892: 3886:Fitzgerald 1997 3882:Fitzgerald 2006 3880: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3842:Fitzgerald 1991 3840: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3725: 3721: 3715:Fitzgerald 1991 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3624: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3585:Fitzgerald 1991 3583: 3579: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3297: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3254:Fitzgerald 1945 3252: 3248: 3242:Fitzgerald 1945 3240: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3203: 3189:Fitzgerald 1945 3187: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3158:Fitzgerald 1945 3156: 3152: 3146:Fitzgerald 1945 3144: 3135: 3129:Fitzgerald 1945 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 2993: 2989: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2948: 2944: 2923: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2897: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2840:online game of 2822: 2782: 2756:Sherlock Holmes 2718: 2662: 2570: 2560:and written by 2503:Macdonald Carey 2450: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2415: 2404: 2388:Thomas Bartlett 2329:Also, in 2023, 2252:Guthrie Theater 2210: 2205: 2147: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2085: 2052:anthropocentric 2006: 1985:Lionel Trilling 1941: 1857:white supremacy 1819: 1727: 1717: 1695: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1564: 1526:s 1945 report. 1523: 1488:The Last Tycoon 1472:Edward Newhouse 1444: 1277: 1275:Initial reviews 1272: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1171: 1170: 1159: 1152: 1150:Dust jacket art 1022:Maxwell Perkins 1014: 998:Maxwell Perkins 865: 864: 863: 862: 861: 855: 846: 845: 844: 837: 826: 724: 723:. During World 700: 691: 690: 689: 676: 671: 670: 669: 658: 583:valley of ashes 539: 538: 537: 527: 522: 521: 520: 509: 491:, where he met 388: 387: 386: 385: 370: 369: 368: 360: 359: 346: 336: 256:in April 1925, 237:Maxwell Perkins 115:Media type 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13047: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12916: 12915: 12903: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12876: 12870: 12868: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12829: 12827: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12819: 12811: 12803: 12795: 12794:(2005 musical) 12787: 12786:(2005 musical) 12779: 12771: 12763: 12755: 12747: 12738: 12736: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12728: 12719: 12717: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12709: 12701: 12697:Three Comrades 12692: 12690: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12673: 12671: 12667: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12659: 12651: 12643: 12635: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12616: 12609: 12602: 12595: 12587: 12585: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12572: 12565: 12558: 12555:The Baby Party 12551: 12544: 12536: 12534: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12521: 12514: 12507: 12499: 12497: 12488: 12487: 12485: 12484: 12477: 12470: 12463: 12456: 12453:The Ice Palace 12449: 12441: 12439: 12427: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12415: 12407: 12399: 12391: 12383: 12374: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12360: 12357: 12356: 12349: 12348: 12341: 12334: 12326: 12317: 12316: 12314: 12313: 12305: 12298: 12291: 12286: 12284:Edith Cummings 12281: 12276: 12270: 12268: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12226: 12224: 12220: 12219: 12217: 12216: 12209: 12201: 12192: 12190: 12186: 12185: 12183: 12182: 12174: 12165: 12163: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12147: 12139: 12131: 12122: 12120: 12113: 12109: 12108: 12106: 12105: 12103:Daisy Buchanan 12100: 12095: 12089: 12087: 12083: 12082: 12069: 12068: 12061: 12054: 12046: 12040: 12039: 12024: 12015: 12003: 11987: 11974: 11972: 11961: 11948: 11947:External links 11945: 11943: 11942: 11911: 11882: 11851: 11834:The Australian 11822: 11792: 11766: 11737: 11709:Smith, Dinitia 11705: 11674: 11643: 11615: 11586: 11560:Powers, Thomas 11556: 11521: 11492: 11460: 11425: 11387: 11358: 11327: 11310:The New Yorker 11297: 11250: 11223: 11197:Kaufman, Sarah 11193: 11166: 11132: 11105: 11076: 11049: 11020: 10993: 10956: 10925: 10893: 10866: 10834: 10802: 10771: 10745:"Five Reasons 10740: 10704: 10687:The New Yorker 10677: 10648: 10619: 10585: 10553: 10526: 10492: 10465: 10435: 10394: 10362: 10333: 10304: 10276: 10274: 10273:Online sources 10271: 10269: 10268: 10227: 10209: 10194: 10176: 10157: 10151: 10130: 10097: 10054: 10009: 9991: 9972: 9961: 9933: 9927: 9906: 9888: 9869: 9858: 9846:10.2307/440797 9821: 9782: 9747: 9729: 9710: 9671: 9665: 9644: 9609: 9568: 9556:10.2307/813939 9530: 9512: 9486: 9457:American Imago 9447: 9429: 9410: 9404: 9380: 9356:Milford, Nancy 9352: 9334: 9312: 9286:Mencken, H. L. 9282: 9264: 9245: 9216: 9210: 9186: 9165: 9153:10.2307/440550 9132: 9088: 9070: 9051: 9014: 8996: 8977: 8938: 8897: 8878:, ed. (1951). 8872: 8854: 8835: 8817: 8798: 8780: 8761: 8755: 8731: 8713: 8694: 8688: 8669: 8644: 8614: 8588: 8569: 8544: 8526: 8503: 8485: 8462: 8444: 8419: 8413: 8405:New Directions 8393:Wilson, Edmund 8388: 8382: 8357: 8343: 8315: 8290: 8253: 8214: 8202: 8191: 8173: 8158: 8140: 8121: 8103: 8081: 8063: 8044: 8031: 8010: 7983: 7965: 7943: 7925: 7903: 7885: 7866: 7848: 7829: 7783: 7772: 7745: 7727: 7708: 7690: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7606:Smith, Peter. 7598: 7563: 7529: 7517: 7505: 7493: 7489:Benedetti 2010 7481: 7469: 7457: 7455:, p. 127. 7445: 7427: 7415: 7388: 7355: 7322: 7285: 7273: 7258: 7246: 7234: 7215: 7196: 7184: 7155: 7125: 7111: 7085: 7050: 7034: 7030:Grossberg 2009 7022: 7010: 6998: 6986: 6974: 6958: 6942: 6930: 6918: 6902: 6900:, p. 186. 6896:, p. 29; 6882: 6865: 6863:, p. 148. 6853: 6851:, p. liv. 6841: 6826: 6824:, p. 174. 6805: 6785: 6783:, p. 363. 6769: 6752: 6750:, p. 362. 6740: 6738:, p. 358. 6728: 6716: 6696: 6684: 6668: 6654:, p. 34; 6640: 6628: 6616: 6600: 6598:, p. 394. 6596:Friedrich 1960 6588: 6586:, p. 326. 6576: 6574:, p. 202. 6564: 6560:Fessenden 2005 6552: 6550:, p. 259. 6540: 6538:, p. 406. 6525: 6523:, p. 275. 6513: 6509:Fessenden 2005 6501: 6489: 6477: 6475:, p. 183. 6465: 6461:Fessenden 2005 6450: 6429: 6425:Fessenden 2005 6417: 6405: 6401:Fessenden 2005 6393: 6381:Fessenden 2005 6373: 6371:, p. 417. 6357: 6353:Robert McAlmon 6338: 6334:Fessenden 2005 6326: 6314: 6297: 6285: 6270: 6258: 6252:, p. 40; 6242: 6227: 6215: 6187: 6175: 6169:, p. 52; 6159: 6147: 6141:, p. 36; 6137:, p. 54; 6127: 6121:, p. 54; 6111: 6105:, p. 43; 6097:, p. 52; 6093:, p. 55; 6083: 6071: 6069:, p. 127. 6065:, p. 80; 6051: 6049:, p. 256. 6039: 6037:, p. 250. 6022: 6006: 6004:, p. 253. 5991: 5976: 5974:, p. 209. 5964: 5944: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5894:, p. 120. 5884: 5880:Gillespie 2013 5865: 5853:Gillespie 2013 5845: 5843:, p. 117. 5837:Gillespie 2013 5825: 5813: 5797: 5795:, p. 645. 5785: 5783:, p. 638. 5768: 5752: 5736: 5703: 5687: 5672: 5660: 5648: 5628: 5626:, p. 304. 5616: 5598:The New Yorker 5583: 5579:Batchelor 2013 5567: 5555: 5553:, p. 183. 5543: 5531: 5519: 5503: 5487: 5475: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5411: 5399: 5382: 5366: 5364:, p. 175. 5351: 5339: 5327: 5307: 5295: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5243: 5233:, p. 9: " 5223: 5208: 5193: 5181: 5169: 5167:, p. 193. 5153: 5151:, p. 576. 5137: 5135:, p. 218. 5125: 5123:, p. 217. 5119:, p. 49; 5106: 5104:, p. 217. 5091: 5087:Hemingway 1964 5079: 5063: 5061:, p. 142. 5048: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5010:, p. 154. 5000: 4988: 4976: 4964: 4962:, p. 146. 4952: 4937: 4935:, p. 202. 4925: 4923:, p. 141. 4910: 4898: 4886: 4874: 4854: 4837: 4808: 4796: 4784: 4782:, p. 331. 4772: 4756: 4744: 4732: 4730:, p. 207. 4720: 4701: 4686: 4663: 4659:Zuckerman 2013 4647: 4645:, p. 215. 4635: 4633:, p. 213. 4623: 4621:, p. 215. 4607: 4605:, p. 326. 4595: 4583: 4568: 4566:, p. 206. 4556: 4536: 4521: 4504: 4488: 4476: 4474:, p. 578. 4457: 4455:, p. 578. 4445: 4429: 4412: 4400: 4385: 4383:, p. 176. 4369: 4367:, p. 325. 4357: 4345: 4333: 4327:, p. 37; 4313: 4301: 4289: 4273: 4271:, p. 178. 4257: 4245: 4243:, p. 178. 4233: 4221: 4209: 4189: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4063: 4043: 4041:, p. 150. 4031: 4029:, p. 189. 4019: 4017:, p. 185. 4013:, p. 58; 4003: 3978: 3976:, p. 184. 3966: 3964:, p. 107. 3956:, p. 18; 3946: 3930: 3918: 3916:, p. 101. 3912:, p. 18; 3902: 3890: 3888:, p. 184. 3884:, p. 95; 3874: 3858: 3854:Baker electric 3834: 3822: 3810: 3798: 3796:, p. 211. 3786: 3774: 3768:, p. 86; 3751: 3739: 3729:, p. 54; 3719: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3650: 3638: 3613: 3601: 3599:, p. 190. 3589: 3577: 3557: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3504:, p. 164. 3494: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3452:, p. 24; 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3400:, p. 73; 3390: 3378: 3363: 3351: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3288: 3276: 3264: 3246: 3234: 3232:, p. 167. 3218: 3201: 3178: 3166: 3150: 3133: 3121: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3080: 3070: 3060: 3047: 3030: 3017: 3008: 2987: 2974: 2965: 2955: 2942: 2914: 2905: 2895: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2821: 2818: 2814:Robert Forrest 2810:Classic Serial 2781: 2778: 2772:to battle the 2748:IDW Publishing 2717: 2716:Graphic novels 2714: 2661: 2658: 2652:as Daisy, and 2607:, also titled 2569: 2566: 2562:Brian Selznick 2554:DNEG Animation 2545:as Daisy, and 2543:Carey Mulligan 2523:as Daisy, and 2517:Robert Redford 2491:Elliott Nugent 2489:, directed by 2469:William Powell 2457:Herbert Brenon 2444: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2416: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2390:and a book by 2384:Florence Welch 2367:Samantha Pauly 2363:Daisy Buchanan 2341:and a book by 2320:Kennedy Center 2312:Columbus, Ohio 2289:to compose an 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2193:Arthur Krystal 2116:pictured above 2100: 2099: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2046:in pursuit of 2024:pastoral ideal 2005: 2002: 1993:Otto Friedrich 1953:queer readings 1940: 1937: 1855:and advocates 1851:. Tom decries 1818: 1815: 1773:premarital sex 1726: 1723: 1694: 1691: 1667:American Dream 1651:American Dream 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1548:Arthur Mizener 1486:'s edition of 1468:Budd Schulberg 1443: 1440: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1234:painter named 1221:Celestial Eyes 1183: 1182: 1173: 1172: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1156:Celestial Eyes 1151: 1148: 1042:Alain-Fournier 1013: 1010: 991:French Riviera 912:Manhasset Neck 856: 849: 848: 847: 838: 831: 830: 829: 828: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 814: 808: 793:Edith Cummings 786: 768: 752:Daisy Buchanan 748: 708: 682:amateur golfer 678:Edith Cummings 673: 672: 663: 662: 661: 660: 659: 657: 654: 574:Daisy Buchanan 524: 523: 514: 513: 512: 511: 510: 508: 505: 497:Southern belle 372: 371: 362: 361: 353: 352: 351: 350: 349: 335: 332: 316:American Dream 246:Celestial Eyes 233:French Riviera 215:Daisy Buchanan 176: 175: 164: 160: 159: 148: 144: 143: 132: 128: 127: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 92:April 10, 1925 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 52: 48: 47: 43:Celestial Eyes 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13046: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12914: 12904: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12891: 12888: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12865: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12830: 12828: 12824: 12817: 12816: 12812: 12810:(2015 series) 12809: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12788: 12785: 12784: 12780: 12777: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12768: 12764: 12761: 12760: 12756: 12753: 12752: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12740: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12726: 12725: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12714: 12707: 12706: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12680: 12679: 12678:The Vegetable 12675: 12674: 12672: 12668: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12633: 12632: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12621: 12614: 12610: 12607: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12570: 12566: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12552: 12549: 12548:Winter Dreams 12545: 12542: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12531: 12526: 12519: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12508: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12489: 12482: 12478: 12475: 12471: 12468: 12464: 12461: 12457: 12454: 12450: 12447: 12443: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12420: 12413: 12412: 12408: 12405: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12384: 12381: 12380: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12358: 12354: 12347: 12342: 12340: 12335: 12333: 12328: 12327: 12324: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12303: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12292: 12290: 12289:Francis Cugat 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12265: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12221: 12215: 12214: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12187: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12153: 12152: 12148: 12145: 12144: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12117: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12098:Nick Carraway 12096: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12067: 12062: 12060: 12055: 12053: 12048: 12047: 12044: 12037: 12036: 12031: 12029: 12025: 12023: 12021: 12018:"An Index to 12016: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12004: 12002: 11998: 11997: 11988: 11985: 11981: 11980: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11962: 11960: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11950: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11900: 11896: 11895: 11889: 11883: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11861: 11859: 11852: 11840: 11836: 11835: 11829: 11823: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11801: 11799: 11793: 11781: 11777: 11776: 11775:The Economist 11771: 11767: 11755: 11751: 11750: 11744: 11738: 11726: 11722: 11721: 11715: 11710: 11706: 11694: 11690: 11689: 11684: 11682: 11675: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11632: 11628: 11627: 11621: 11616: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11593: 11587: 11575: 11571: 11570: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11536: 11531: 11529: 11522: 11510: 11506: 11505: 11499: 11493: 11481: 11477: 11476: 11470: 11465: 11461: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11398: 11392: 11388: 11376: 11372: 11371: 11365: 11359: 11347: 11343: 11342: 11337: 11333: 11332:Grossman, Lev 11328: 11316: 11312: 11311: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11258: 11251: 11239: 11235: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11212: 11208: 11207: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11182: 11178: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11155: 11151: 11150: 11145: 11143: 11137: 11136:Howell, Peter 11133: 11121: 11117: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11065: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11038: 11034: 11033: 11027: 11021: 11009: 11005: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10961: 10957: 10945: 10941: 10940: 10935: 10933: 10926: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10904: 10898: 10894: 10882: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10855: 10851: 10850: 10844: 10839: 10835: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10791: 10787: 10786: 10781: 10779: 10772: 10760: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10748: 10741: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10715: 10709: 10705: 10693: 10689: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10666: 10662: 10661: 10655: 10649: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10627: 10620: 10613:September 13, 10608: 10604: 10603: 10598: 10596: 10590: 10586: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10563: 10558: 10557:Brantley, Ben 10554: 10542: 10538: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10493: 10481: 10477: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10454: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10440: 10439:Bell, Melissa 10436: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10395: 10383: 10379: 10378: 10372: 10367: 10363: 10351: 10347: 10346: 10340: 10334: 10322: 10318: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10293: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10277: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10240: 10234: 10228: 10216: 10212: 10206: 10202: 10201: 10195: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10164: 10158: 10154: 10148: 10144: 10139: 10138: 10131: 10119: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10010: 9998: 9994: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9979: 9973: 9969: 9968: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9945: 9944: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9924: 9920: 9915: 9914: 9907: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9876: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9827: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9754: 9748: 9736: 9732: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9717: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9668: 9666:0-8108-1875-2 9662: 9658: 9653: 9652: 9645: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9616: 9610: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9540: 9535: 9531: 9519: 9515: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9436: 9432: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9417: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9363: 9357: 9353: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9313: 9301: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9271: 9267: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9252: 9246: 9234: 9230: 9229: 9223: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9203: 9198: 9197: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9133: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9104: 9098: 9093: 9089: 9082:September 26, 9077: 9073: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8895: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8877: 8876:Kazin, Alfred 8873: 8861: 8857: 8855:0-7864-2329-3 8851: 8847: 8843: 8842: 8836: 8824: 8820: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8805: 8799: 8787: 8783: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8748: 8743: 8742: 8736: 8732: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8624: 8619: 8615: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8557: 8556: 8550: 8545: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8519: 8518:Penguin Books 8515: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8467:Bloom, Harold 8463: 8451: 8447: 8445:0-521-40230-1 8441: 8437: 8432: 8431: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8414:0-8112-0051-5 8410: 8406: 8401: 8400: 8394: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8369: 8363: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8336: 8331: 8330: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8198: 8192: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8159: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8128: 8122: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8082: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8051: 8045: 8034: 8028: 8024: 8019: 8018: 8011: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7904: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7867: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7779: 7778:New York Post 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7752: 7746: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7709: 7697: 7693: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7667:Print sources 7658: 7653: 7646: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7602: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7576: 7567: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7541: 7533: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7509: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7485: 7478: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7424: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7359: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7305: 7300: 7298: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7255: 7250: 7243: 7242:Giardina 2021 7238: 7231: 7227: 7222: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7193: 7188: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7159: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7121: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7063: 7054: 7047: 7043: 7038: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7014: 7007: 7006:Brantley 2010 7002: 6995: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6967: 6966:Playbill 1926 6962: 6955: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6934: 6928:, p. 29. 6927: 6926:Bruccoli 2000 6922: 6916:, p. 186 6915: 6911: 6910:Bruccoli 2002 6906: 6899: 6895: 6894:Bruccoli 2000 6891: 6886: 6879: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6862: 6857: 6850: 6845: 6838: 6833: 6831: 6823: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6793:Turnbull 1962 6789: 6782: 6778: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6749: 6744: 6737: 6732: 6725: 6720: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6665: 6664:Wasiolek 1992 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6644: 6637: 6632: 6626:, p. 34. 6625: 6620: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6592: 6585: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6556: 6549: 6548:Turnbull 1962 6544: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6522: 6521:Bruccoli 2002 6517: 6510: 6505: 6498: 6497:Bruccoli 2002 6493: 6487:, p. 65. 6486: 6481: 6474: 6469: 6463:, p. 33. 6462: 6457: 6455: 6446: 6443:dance at the 6442: 6438: 6433: 6427:, p. 30. 6426: 6421: 6414: 6413:Bruccoli 2002 6409: 6403:, p. 28. 6402: 6397: 6390: 6386: 6385:fin-de-siècle 6382: 6377: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6349:Bruccoli 2002 6345: 6343: 6335: 6330: 6323: 6318: 6310: 6306: 6301: 6295:, p. 41. 6294: 6289: 6283:, p. 56. 6282: 6277: 6275: 6268:, p. 52. 6267: 6262: 6256:, p. 54. 6255: 6251: 6246: 6240:, p. 45. 6239: 6234: 6232: 6225:, p. 38. 6224: 6219: 6212: 6208: 6207:Madison Grant 6204: 6200: 6196: 6191: 6185:, p. 33. 6184: 6179: 6172: 6171:Michaels 1995 6168: 6163: 6157:, p. 29. 6156: 6155:Michaels 1995 6151: 6145:, p. 52. 6144: 6140: 6136: 6131: 6125:, p. 29. 6124: 6123:Michaels 1995 6120: 6115: 6109:, p. 33. 6108: 6104: 6100: 6099:Michaels 1995 6096: 6092: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6067:Turnbull 1962 6064: 6060: 6059:Bruccoli 2002 6055: 6048: 6043: 6036: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6019: 6018:Donahue 2013a 6015: 6010: 6003: 5998: 5996: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5916:Drudzina 2006 5912: 5905: 5900: 5893: 5888: 5881: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5806: 5801: 5794: 5789: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5724: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5699:Williams 2021 5696: 5691: 5684: 5683:Donahue 2013b 5679: 5677: 5669: 5664: 5657: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5636:Hogeback 2016 5632: 5625: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5565:, p. 90. 5564: 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5512: 5511:Bruccoli 2002 5507: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5479: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5453:, p. 25. 5452: 5447: 5440: 5435: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5407:Donahue 2013b 5403: 5396: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5363: 5362:Bruccoli 2000 5358: 5356: 5349:, p. 49. 5348: 5343: 5337:, p. 75. 5336: 5331: 5324: 5320: 5319:Flanagan 2000 5316: 5315:Bruccoli 2002 5311: 5304: 5299: 5292: 5287: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5251:Eagleton 1925 5247: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5218: 5212: 5205: 5203: 5202:New York Post 5197: 5190: 5185: 5178: 5173: 5166: 5162: 5161:Bruccoli 2002 5157: 5150: 5146: 5141: 5134: 5133:Bruccoli 2002 5129: 5122: 5121:Bruccoli 2002 5118: 5113: 5111: 5103: 5102:Bruccoli 2002 5098: 5096: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5072: 5071:Scribner 1992 5067: 5060: 5059:Scribner 1992 5055: 5053: 5045: 5044:Scribner 1992 5040: 5033: 5032:Scribner 1992 5028: 5021: 5020:Scribner 1992 5016: 5009: 5008:Scribner 1992 5004: 4997: 4996:Scribner 1992 4992: 4985: 4984:Scribner 1992 4980: 4973: 4972:Scribner 1992 4968: 4961: 4960:Scribner 1992 4956: 4949: 4948:Scribner 1992 4944: 4942: 4934: 4933:Bruccoli 2002 4929: 4922: 4921:Scribner 1992 4917: 4915: 4907: 4906:Scribner 1992 4902: 4895: 4894:Bruccoli 2002 4890: 4884:, p. 75. 4883: 4878: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4851: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4826:on March 19: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4804:Bruccoli 2002 4800: 4794:, p. 87. 4793: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4768:Penguin Books 4765: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4728:Bruccoli 2002 4724: 4718:, p. 96. 4717: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4696: 4695:The Economist 4690: 4683: 4682:Bruccoli 2002 4679: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4644: 4643:Bruccoli 2002 4639: 4632: 4631:Bruccoli 2002 4627: 4620: 4619:Bruccoli 2002 4616: 4615:Bruccoli 2000 4611: 4604: 4599: 4593:, p. 38. 4592: 4587: 4580: 4575: 4573: 4565: 4564:Bruccoli 2002 4560: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4544:Bruccoli 2002 4540: 4533: 4532:Scribner 1992 4528: 4526: 4518: 4517:Scribner 1992 4513: 4511: 4509: 4502:, p. 51. 4501: 4500:Rosowski 1977 4497: 4492: 4485: 4480: 4473: 4469: 4468:Bruccoli 1978 4464: 4462: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4438: 4437:Flanagan 2000 4433: 4427:, p. 37. 4426: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4409: 4408:Bruccoli 2002 4404: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4381:Bruccoli 1978 4378: 4377:Bruccoli 2002 4373: 4366: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4342: 4337: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321:Bruccoli 2000 4317: 4311:, p. xi. 4310: 4305: 4298: 4293: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4269:Bruccoli 2002 4266: 4261: 4255:, p. 60. 4254: 4249: 4242: 4241:Bruccoli 2002 4237: 4231:, p. 47. 4230: 4225: 4219:, p. 15. 4218: 4213: 4207:, p. 15. 4206: 4202: 4198: 4197:Bruccoli 2002 4193: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4163:, p. 51. 4162: 4157: 4151:, p. 20. 4150: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4100:, p. 45. 4099: 4098:Bruccoli 2000 4094: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4074:Bruccoli 2000 4070: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4039:Turnbull 1962 4035: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4015:Bruccoli 2002 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3970: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3928:, p. 64. 3927: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3900:, p. 23. 3899: 3894: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3855: 3851: 3850:sporty Jordan 3847: 3843: 3838: 3832:, p. 85. 3831: 3826: 3819: 3818:Bruccoli 2000 3814: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3794:Bruccoli 2002 3790: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3767: 3766:Bruccoli 2002 3763: 3762:Bruccoli 2000 3758: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3732: 3731:Bruccoli 2000 3728: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3703:Borrelli 2013 3699: 3692: 3691:Corrigan 2014 3687: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3673:John Held Jr. 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3626:Bruccoli 2002 3622: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3609:McCullen 2007 3605: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3539: 3534: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3498: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3466:Turnbull 1962 3462: 3455: 3454:Bruccoli 2002 3451: 3446: 3440:, p. 24. 3439: 3434: 3427: 3422: 3416:, p. 91. 3415: 3414:Bruccoli 2002 3410: 3403: 3402:Bruccoli 2002 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3374:Bruccoli 2002 3370: 3368: 3361:, p. 70. 3360: 3355: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3329:, p. 35. 3328: 3323: 3317:, p. 50. 3316: 3311: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3227: 3226:Donahue 2013a 3222: 3215: 3214:Bruccoli 2000 3210: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3174:Donahue 2013a 3170: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3117:Donahue 2013a 3113: 3109: 3090: 3089:Edmund Wilson 3084: 3074: 3064: 3057: 3051: 3040: 3034: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2935: 2934:American West 2931: 2927: 2921: 2919: 2909: 2899: 2892: 2888: 2887:poet laureate 2882: 2878: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646:Toby Stephens 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2632:A&E movie 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2565: 2563: 2559: 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L. Mencken 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1332:New York Post 1328: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1309: 1308:H. L. Mencken 1304: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1293:Edith Wharton 1290: 1285: 1281: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1236:Francis Cugat 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1217: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186:Francis Cugat 1177: 1168: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1078:. The titles 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1009: 1007: 1006:serial rights 1001: 999: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 976: 975:Joseph Conrad 971: 966: 962: 960: 955: 950: 948: 944: 943:German Kaiser 940: 935: 933: 932:Beacon Towers 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908: 907:nouveau riche 903: 900:and comedian 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 880: 879:Winter Dreams 875: 874: 873:The Vegetable 870: 859: 853: 842: 841:Beacon Towers 835: 818: 817:Myrtle Wilson 815: 812: 809: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 787: 784: 780: 776: 772: 769: 766: 762: 758: 754: 753: 749: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 722: 718: 714: 713: 709: 706: 698: 697: 696:Nick Carraway 693: 692: 687: 683: 679: 675: 667: 653: 651: 645: 641: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 615: 611: 607: 602: 598: 596: 590: 586: 584: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 557:. 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New York. 9692:: 576–591. 9626:: 250–257. 9468:: 311–330. 9239:January 15, 8959:: 405–431. 8912:: 174–188. 8659:: 275–276. 8634:: 392–405. 8235:: 315–326. 8152:October 11, 7803:: 171–178. 7762:: 223–246. 7657:Sarkar 2013 7525:Crouch 2011 7501:Paskin 2010 7423:Gurdon 2021 7281:Howell 2013 7207:Howell 2013 6954:Berrin 2013 6950:Hindus 1947 6938:Hindus 1947 6878:Berrin 2013 6822:Keeler 2018 6712:Little 2015 6704:Keeler 2018 6389:Oscar Wilde 6312:sexuality". 6281:Slater 1973 6254:Slater 1973 6195:Slater 1973 6183:Berman 1996 6135:Slater 1973 6119:Slater 1973 6107:Berman 1996 6091:Slater 1973 6079:Person 1978 6047:Person 1978 6035:Person 1978 6014:Person 1978 6002:Person 1978 5987:Person 1978 5805:Bewley 1954 5748:Bewley 1954 5656:Italie 2020 5374:Howell 2013 5323:Leader 2000 5279:Snyder 1925 4862:Lipton 2013 4552:Howell 2013 4484:Harvey 1995 4441:Leader 2000 4297:Powers 2013 4281:Lopate 2014 4051:Murphy 2010 3727:Slater 1973 3045:Collection. 2838:8-bit-style 2820:Video games 2802:broadcast, 2800:BBC Radio 4 2648:as Gatsby, 2620:Robert Ryan 2541:as Gatsby, 2519:as Gatsby, 2499:Betty Field 2465:Lois Wilson 2314:. In 2010, 2203:Adaptations 2144:Jewish nose 1853:immigration 1803:upper-class 1796:trophy wife 1604:Roger Ebert 1582:. By 1974, 1531:periodicals 1476:John O'Hara 1407:(1920) and 1297:T. S. Eliot 1295:, and poet 1113:Tony Tanner 984:A Lost Lady 939:Max Gerlach 920:Sands Point 916:Kings Point 745:Max Gerlach 733:Camp Taylor 630:Plaza Hotel 606:Plaza Hotel 563:Long Island 530:refuse dump 493:Zelda Sayre 424:bootlegging 416:speakeasies 324:masterpiece 266:(1920) and 229:North Shore 199:Long Island 12923:Categories 12735:Portrayals 12562:Absolution 12162:Television 12093:Jay Gatsby 12086:Characters 12012:Faded Page 11876:August 30, 11868:. London. 11550:August 30, 11542:magazine. 11088:Commentary 11014:August 28, 10907:. London: 10634:. London. 10605:. London. 9917:. London: 9256:Peter Lang 8866:January 1, 8829:January 1, 8563:. p. 8516:. London: 7955:. London: 7465:White 2007 7453:Pitts 1986 7408:October 5, 7254:Hyatt 2006 7226:Dixon 2003 7192:Dixon 2003 6676:Vogel 2015 6656:Lisca 1967 6652:Vogel 2015 6624:Vogel 2015 6572:Kazin 1951 6448:stocking". 6322:Vogel 2015 6305:Vogel 2015 6293:Vogel 2015 6250:Vogel 2015 6238:Vogel 2015 6223:Vogel 2015 6139:Vogel 2015 6103:Vogel 2015 5972:Conor 2004 5940:Conor 2004 5928:Conor 2004 5744:Kazin 1951 5695:Alter 2018 5624:Ebert 2011 5593:"Believer" 5467:ASE copies 5395:Rimer 2008 5335:Kruse 2002 5177:Clark 1925 5149:Quirk 1982 4496:Funda 1995 4472:Quirk 1982 4453:Quirk 1982 4396:Alter 2013 4265:Kruse 2002 4253:Kruse 2002 4229:Kruse 2002 4217:Kruse 2014 4205:Kruse 2014 4201:Kruse 2002 4185:Kruse 2002 4173:Kruse 2014 4161:Kruse 2002 4149:Kruse 2014 4137:Kruse 2014 4122:Kruse 2014 3747:Kruse 2014 3735:Baker 2016 3661:Conor 2004 3646:Kruse 2002 3339:Smith 2003 3299:Smith 2003 3230:Gross 1998 3099:References 2764:H.G. Wells 2750:announced 2660:Literature 2628:Rod Taylor 2595:Lee Bowman 2568:Television 2521:Mia Farrow 2419:lobby card 2359:Jay Gatsby 2244:Simon Levy 2184:Commentary 2072:wealth gap 2016:argued in 1876:bestseller 1835:(1920) by 1792:holy grail 1739:Ellen Pyle 1576:masterwork 1554:published 1419:Owen Davis 1282:published 1232:Barcelonan 1132:Trimalchio 1099:Trimalchio 1056:Trimalchio 947:Jay Gatsby 898:Lew Fields 869:stage play 803:, both of 725:War I 712:Jay Gatsby 701:War I 567:Jay Gatsby 454:Ivy League 254:Scribner's 211:Jay Gatsby 185:is a 1925 173:Wikisource 12775:Last Call 12207:(musical) 11786:March 27, 11658:Vox Media 11291:March 18, 11281:1091-2339 11244:April 26, 11187:March 18, 10950:April 24, 10828:April 29, 10785:USA Today 10754:USA Today 10431:171679942 10221:March 22, 10116:: 14–22. 10093:143270051 10071:: 19–49. 10050:170386299 10028:: 29–54. 10003:March 31, 9900:March 31, 9840:: 53–62. 9764:: 51–62. 9605:170714417 9583:: 52–72. 9524:March 16, 9492:(2004) . 9421:Routledge 9386:(1965) . 9276:March 16, 9190:Marx, Leo 9147:: 18–28. 9116:0260-9592 9033:: 45–83. 8934:172075925 8792:March 31, 8608:March 31, 8598:1559-3002 8538:March 16, 8497:March 31, 8353:76-143940 8305:: 19–40. 8278:0093-3139 8272:: 34–47. 8185:March 31, 8075:March 31, 7949:(2013a). 7909:(2010) . 7817:0032-8456 7513:Bell 2011 7148:April 18, 6781:Marx 1964 6765:Marx 1964 6748:Marx 1964 6736:Marx 1964 6724:Marx 1964 6708:Marx 1964 6648:Kerr 1996 6636:Kerr 1996 6608:Kerr 1996 6536:Kerr 1996 6369:Kerr 1996 5644:Burt 2010 5609:March 26, 5575:Eble 1974 5463:Cole 1984 5451:Cole 1984 5189:Ford 1925 4882:Lazo 2003 4816:Tate 2007 4740:West 2002 4603:Tate 2007 4591:Eble 1974 4425:Eble 1974 4365:Eble 1964 4325:Eble 1974 4309:West 2002 3958:Tate 2007 3914:Tate 2007 3806:West 2005 3782:West 2005 3770:West 2005 3565:Lask 1971 3398:West 2005 3327:West 2005 3104:Citations 2903:servants. 2824:In 2010, 2790:starring 2746:In 2024, 2698:AJ Odasso 2656:as Nick. 2654:Paul Rudd 2634:in 2000. 2585:starring 2549:as Nick. 2495:Alan Ladd 2473:lost film 2308:BalletMet 2109:racketeer 1998:modernity 1898:otherness 1811:socialite 1761:archetype 1755:explores 1505:books to 1423:Paramount 1218:known as 1108:Satyricon 1103:Petronius 805:Cleveland 757:socialite 737:debutante 622:speakeasy 458:Princeton 446:Minnesota 412:libertine 410:culture, 296:inherited 222:socialite 205:narrator 124:paperback 120:hardcover 97:Publisher 89:Published 12014:(Canada) 12001:LibriVox 11905:July 28, 11899:Archived 11870:Archived 11839:Archived 11810:Archived 11805:Playbill 11780:Archived 11760:April 8, 11754:Archived 11725:Archived 11693:Archived 11668:July 13, 11662:Archived 11631:Archived 11603:Archived 11574:Archived 11544:Archived 11540:New York 11509:Archived 11486:July 29, 11480:Archived 11448:Archived 11413:Archived 11375:Archived 11346:Archived 11315:Archived 11238:Archived 11211:Archived 11181:Archived 11154:Archived 11149:The Star 11120:Archived 11093:Archived 11070:July 11, 11064:Archived 11037:Archived 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11688:Variety 11653:Polygon 11609:July 8, 11580:July 4, 11515:July 4, 11419:July 4, 11321:July 4, 10887:May 11, 10860:May 24, 10796:May 12, 10765:July 5, 10671:May 11, 10628:Great?" 10520:July 4, 10188:July 4, 9957:62-9315 9778:1344886 9741:July 5, 9721:Rizzoli 9706:2926007 9640:2925105 9441:May 21, 9184:: 3–26. 9008:June 5, 8973:2928304 8551:(ed.). 8510:(ed.). 8469:(ed.). 8426:(ed.). 8395:(ed.). 8249:2923547 8115:June 4, 8038:May 22, 7977:July 5, 7860:July 5, 7620:Twitter 7581:Twitter 3669:flapper 3193:petting 2926:Midwest 2889:of the 2844:called 2832:called 2760:Dracula 2690:fantasy 2686:Nghi Vo 2365:, with 2227:, 1926. 1735:flapper 1258:gouache 902:Ed Wynn 610:château 578:Chicago 561:in the 547:Midwest 420:petting 408:flapper 298:versus 275:During 118:Print ( 83:Tragedy 74:English 12901:Novels 12826:People 12815:Genius 12727:(1945) 12708:(1938) 12700:(1938) 12681:(1923) 12658:(1989) 12650:(1973) 12642:(1962) 12634:(1960) 12584:(1935) 12533:(1926) 12496:(1922) 12438:(1920) 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