326:
355:
296:
311:
337:
6138:
270:
4803:
Three scientists were named recipients of the
Franklin lnstitute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1975 Martin M. Atalla, president of Atalla Technovations in California, and Dawon Kahng of Bell Laboratories were chosen "for their contributions to semiconductor silicon-silicon dioxide technology, and for
186:
In 1998, the
Benjamin Franklin Medals were created by reorganizing all of the endowed medals presented by The Franklin Institute at that time into a group of medals recognizing seven areas of study: Chemistry, Computer and Cognitive Science, Earth and Environmental Science, Electrical Engineering,
121:
awards comprises the
Benjamin Franklin Medals in seven areas of science and engineering, the Bower Awards and Prize for Achievement in Science, and the Bower Award for Business Leadership. Since 1824, the institute has recognized "world-changing scientists, engineers, inventors, and
198:
The Bower Award and Prize for
Achievement in Science and the Bower Award for Business Leadership are the newest awards, established by a $ 7.5 million bequest from Henry Bower in 1988. The annual Bower Prizes are US$ 250,000 each.
5528:
5428:
6172:
261:
49:
5565:
5717:
5479:
5758:
5699:
5607:
5254:
325:
674:
1776:
1453:
2403:
2004:
3486:
5731:
5174:
4390:
4189:
5773:
1073:
190:
Medalists are selected by a
Committee on Science and the Arts (CS&A), composed of local academics and professionals from the Philadelphia area.
5586:
6162:
5704:
5433:
122:
industrialists—all of whom reflect
Benjamin Franklin's spirit of curiosity, ingenuity, and innovation". Some of the noted past laureates include
5778:
5763:
4563:
3125:
731:
5813:
5753:
17:
5768:
5536:
5149:
5055:
5820:
5631:
5667:
5518:
5286:
5239:
5845:
5636:
5364:
5615:
5500:
5798:
5748:
5301:
5080:
5868:
5743:
4583:
266:
The following table lists laureates of the
Benjamin Franklin Medal (including the Bower Prizewinners), from 1998 onwards.
5677:
5391:
5319:
2669:
6167:
5939:
5222:
1396:
314:
208:
5652:
5271:
5169:
4796:
6113:
5418:
5296:
5803:
5464:
5381:
5142:
750:
6007:
5906:
5835:
5808:
5438:
5376:
5266:
5291:
187:
Life
Science, Mechanical Engineering, and Physics. The first Benjamin Franklin Medals were presented in 1998.
6020:
5403:
5955:
5709:
5122:
5915:
5599:
5578:
5513:
5448:
5334:
5179:
2859:
883:
6141:
5723:
5505:
5396:
5135:
2783:
239:
167:
31:
5544:
5825:
5672:
5523:
5259:
5232:
5217:
2897:
1605:
347:
229:
4715:
6098:
5963:
5492:
5487:
5249:
4784:
4442:
4647:
6068:
6063:
6053:
6001:
5947:
5662:
5573:
5413:
3657:
1472:
318:
288:
249:
5783:
6088:
5995:
5738:
5623:
5557:
5281:
4824:
4494:
3752:
4788:
5971:
5884:
5788:
5386:
4533:
2574:
1757:
1339:
234:
214:
6073:
6058:
5990:
5793:
3163:
2422:
2365:
598:
219:
8:
6108:
6103:
6015:
5858:
5594:
3619:
3372:
2973:
2688:
2479:
2327:
1928:
1719:
1225:
465:
163:
354:
6123:
5682:
5408:
5276:
4754:
4468:
4338:
4322:
4303:
4170:
3904:
3733:
3714:
3638:
3087:
2631:
2517:
2270:
2156:
2023:
1833:
1434:
1415:
1111:
1054:
427:
408:
362:
118:
110:
67:
6083:
6078:
5931:
5840:
5549:
5227:
5158:
4816:
4792:
4777:
4682:"George Church - 2011 Winner of the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science"
4618:
4507:
4364:
4113:
4094:
3885:
3695:
3562:
3505:
3467:
3391:
3296:
2726:
2593:
2536:
2042:
1985:
1871:
1700:
1586:
1377:
1358:
1301:
1149:
1016:
921:
845:
636:
560:
299:
5443:
4403:
6048:
4351:
4208:
4056:
4037:
3999:
3961:
3923:
3581:
3543:
3277:
3201:
3030:
2992:
2460:
2384:
2137:
1909:
1624:
1510:
864:
826:
503:
244:
171:
151:
4924:
6093:
5469:
5349:
5339:
5210:
5088:
4950:
4846:
4429:
3980:
3847:
3771:
3676:
3448:
3410:
3315:
3144:
3106:
3049:
2878:
2840:
2821:
2498:
2346:
2202:
Computer and
Cognitive Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
2118:
1974:
Computer and
Cognitive Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
1852:
1795:
1567:
1548:
1282:
1187:
617:
541:
143:
139:
4872:
5892:
5830:
5692:
5657:
5474:
5354:
5329:
5028:
4591:
4377:
4284:
4246:
4227:
4132:
4075:
4018:
3942:
3828:
3353:
3334:
2916:
2707:
2441:
1966:
1662:
1643:
1491:
1263:
1206:
1092:
902:
712:
693:
655:
522:
484:
446:
358:
303:
273:
224:
4976:
4898:
4681:
4661:
6156:
6118:
6027:
5344:
5002:
4701:
4455:
4416:
4265:
3790:
3258:
3239:
3011:
2954:
2764:
2555:
2308:
2099:
1947:
1814:
1738:
1681:
1529:
1035:
978:
807:
280:
127:
5530:
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
4525:
Civil and Mechanical Engineering and Bower Award for Achievement in Science
295:
6043:
5850:
5371:
5244:
5197:
4662:"William H. Gates - 2010 Winner of the Bower Award for Business Leadership"
4546:
4520:
4481:
3866:
3809:
3524:
3068:
2612:
2194:
2080:
2061:
1320:
1244:
1168:
1130:
997:
788:
769:
579:
159:
123:
114:
5900:
5359:
5205:
4151:
3429:
3220:
2289:
2251:
2232:
2213:
2175:
1890:
1784:
Electrical Engineering, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
967:
Electrical Engineering, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
940:
389:
340:
310:
175:
155:
131:
30:"Bower Award" redirects here. For the New Zealand award for artists, see
3798:
Earth and Environmental Science, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
2639:
Earth and Environmental Science, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
336:
5876:
5423:
4744:
Recipients are listed in a database on The Franklin Institute website:
3285:
Computer and Cognitive Science, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
3182:
2935:
2802:
2745:
2650:
959:
329:
321:
pioneer, received the 2003 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer Science.
147:
135:
5114:
4746:
3600:
5127:
1138:
Materials Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
5923:
5324:
4804:
the development of the MOS insulated gate, field-effect transistor.
344:
146:. Some of the 21st century laureates of the institute awards are
4686:
4666:
277:
27:
Science and engineering award presented by the Franklin Institute
568:
Earth Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
350:, received the 2018 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer Science.
109:) is an American science and engineering award presented by the
3494:
Mechanical Engineering, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
3133:
Electrical Engineering, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
1499:
Life Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
1385:
Engineering, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
910:
Life Science, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
284:
262:
Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
4619:"About The Franklin Institute Awards | The Franklin Institute"
2856:
48:
5718:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
1651:
Chemistry, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
269:
1602:
332:
receives the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Leadership in 2016.
86:
5567:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
5481:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
3654:
2354:
Physics, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
492:
Physics, Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science
4723:
3749:
365:, received the 2019 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry.
5123:
YouTube playlist of all Franklin Institute Award Winners
5056:"Jon Huntsman Sr. wins Franklin Institute's Bower Award"
1754:
1336:
3160:
2666:
2419:
2362:
671:
595:
306:, received the 1999 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics.
6173:
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
3616:
3369:
2685:
2476:
2324:
1925:
1773:
1716:
1507:
1450:
1222:
462:
5609:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
4319:
4300:
4167:
3969:
Life Science, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
3901:
3730:
3711:
3635:
3084:
2791:
Life Science, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
2628:
2514:
2400:
2153:
2020:
2001:
1830:
1431:
1412:
1108:
1051:
424:
405:
4110:
4091:
3882:
3692:
3559:
3502:
3483:
3464:
3388:
3293:
2723:
2590:
2533:
2039:
1982:
1868:
1697:
1583:
1374:
1355:
1298:
1146:
1013:
918:
842:
633:
557:
4205:
4186:
4053:
4034:
3996:
3958:
3920:
3578:
3540:
3274:
3198:
3027:
2989:
2647:
2457:
2381:
2134:
1906:
1621:
861:
823:
500:
5732:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
5519:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
4776:
4648:"Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science"
4121:Chemistry, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
3977:
3844:
3768:
3673:
3445:
3407:
3312:
3141:
3103:
3046:
2962:Chemistry, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
2875:
2837:
2818:
2495:
2343:
2267:
2115:
1849:
1792:
1564:
1545:
1279:
1184:
1070:
929:Life Science, Bower Award for Business Leadership
880:
614:
538:
4281:
4243:
4224:
4129:
4072:
4015:
3939:
3825:
3350:
3331:
3217:
2913:
2704:
2438:
1963:
1659:
1640:
1488:
1260:
1203:
1089:
899:
709:
690:
652:
519:
481:
443:
6154:
4262:
3787:
3646:Physics, Bower Award for Achievement in Science
3255:
3236:
3008:
2970:
2951:
2780:
2761:
2552:
2305:
2096:
1944:
1811:
1735:
1678:
1526:
1393:
1032:
975:
804:
5588:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
4738:
3863:
3806:
3521:
3065:
2894:
2609:
2191:
2077:
2058:
1317:
1241:
1165:
1127:
994:
785:
766:
576:
4148:
3426:
3122:
2286:
2248:
2229:
2210:
2172:
1887:
1469:
937:
728:
386:
5143:
4774:
4576:
4564:List of general science and technology awards
3179:
2932:
2799:
2742:
2571:
956:
747:
5821:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
3597:
5538:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
4775:Calhoun, Dave; Lustig, Lawrence K. (1976).
181:
5574:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
5340:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
5150:
5136:
4917:
47:
5668:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
5439:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
5053:
5047:
5287:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
4943:
4642:
4640:
353:
335:
324:
309:
294:
268:
5180:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
4865:
4839:
4779:1977 Yearbook of science and the future
4311:Bower Award for Achievement in Science
14:
6163:American science and technology awards
6155:
5617:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
5501:Early American publishers and printers
4891:
5170:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
5157:
5131:
5073:
5021:
4716:"Committee on Science & the Arts"
4637:
4995:
4969:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4473:Bower Award for Business Leadership
4330:Bower Award for Business Leadership
4140:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3988:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3817:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3627:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3475:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3304:Bower Award for Business Leadership
3114:Bower Award for Business Leadership
2981:Bower Award for Business Leadership
2810:Bower Award for Business Leadership
2658:Bower Award for Business Leadership
2392:Bower Award for Business Leadership
2278:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1936:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1898:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1727:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1518:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1195:Bower Award for Business Leadership
1024:Bower Award for Business Leadership
720:Bower Award for Business Leadership
397:Bower Award for Business Leadership
287:(MOS transistor), received the 1975
255:
5678:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
5392:Academy and College of Philadelphia
4722:. February 22, 2014. Archived from
24:
6124:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
5524:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
5223:Committee of Secret Correspondence
5087:. October 27, 2014. Archived from
4590:. February 3, 2014. Archived from
3760:Materials Science and Engineering
209:Category:Franklin Institute awards
25:
6184:
6109:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
5759:University of Pennsylvania statue
5113:The Franklin Institute. Winners.
5107:
5054:Fernandez, Bob (March 14, 2015).
4606:
6137:
6136:
6089:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
5846:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
5419:Continental Currency dollar coin
5320:Franklin's electrostatic machine
5292:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
5175:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
4447:Earth and Environmental Science
4343:Earth and Environmental Science
4273:Earth and Environmental Science
4083:Earth and Environmental Science
3836:Earth and Environmental Science
3551:Earth and Environmental Science
3361:Earth and Environmental Science
3190:Earth and Environmental Science
3038:Earth and Environmental Science
2867:Earth and Environmental Science
2848:Earth and Environmental Science
2696:Earth and Environmental Science
202:
6084:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
6059:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
5514:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
5465:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
5382:Library Company of Philadelphia
5116:Benjamin Franklin Medal winners
4809:
4584:"The Franklin Institute Awards"
4512:Computer and Cognitive Science
4292:Computer and Cognitive Science
4102:Computer and Cognitive Science
3950:Computer and Cognitive Science
3931:Computer and Cognitive Science
3703:Computer and Cognitive Science
3532:Computer and Cognitive Science
3342:Computer and Cognitive Science
3019:Computer and Cognitive Science
2829:Computer and Cognitive Science
2677:Computer and Cognitive Science
2487:Computer and Cognitive Science
2316:Computer and Cognitive Science
2221:Computer and Cognitive Science
1822:Computer and Cognitive Science
1632:Computer and Cognitive Science
1556:Computer and Cognitive Science
1404:Computer and Cognitive Science
1252:Computer and Cognitive Science
1043:Computer and Cognitive Science
758:Computer and Cognitive Science
739:Computer and Cognitive Science
682:Computer and Cognitive Science
606:Computer and Cognitive Science
587:Computer and Cognitive Science
193:
5377:American Philosophical Society
5272:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
5267:Staten Island Peace Conference
4768:
4708:
4694:
4674:
4654:
13:
1:
5475:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
5404:Philadelphia Contributionship
4751:The Franklin Institute Awards
4569:
6079:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
6069:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
5712:The Apotheosis of Washington
5637:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
5595:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
5488:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
5429:United States Postal Service
5255:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
283:pioneer and inventor of the
18:The Franklin Institute Award
7:
6064:William Franklin (grandson)
5784:Jefferson Memorial pediment
5705:Royal Society of Arts medal
5580:A Letter to a Royal Academy
5240:Declaration of Independence
4557:
2860:Ellen Stone Mosley-Thompson
10:
6189:
6119:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
6114:Peter Folger (grandfather)
5809:Washington–Franklin stamps
5774:Stanford University statue
5397:University of Pennsylvania
259:
240:John Price Wetherill Medal
206:
32:Olivia Spencer Bower Award
29:
6168:Franklin Institute awards
6132:
6074:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
6036:
5983:
5943:(2002 documentary series)
5927:(1997 documentary series)
5867:
5826:Benjamin Franklin College
5673:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
5645:
5457:
5310:
5218:Hutchinson letters affair
5188:
5165:
5060:The Philadelphia Inquirer
4821:Franklin Institute Awards
1606:Elizabeth Helen Blackburn
230:George R. Henderson Medal
103:Franklin Institute Awards
81:
73:
63:
55:
46:
42:Franklin Institute Awards
41:
6099:James Franklin (brother)
6094:Josiah Franklin (father)
5764:Portland, Oregon, statue
5632:Franklin as a journalist
5601:An Address to the Public
5494:The Pennsylvania Gazette
5250:Franco-American alliance
5201:(1754 political cartoon)
4785:Encyclopaedia Britannica
182:Benjamin Franklin Medals
6002:The New-England Courant
5799:One-hundred-dollar bill
5700:Benjamin Franklin Medal
5663:Benjamin Franklin House
5507:Poor Richard's Almanack
5414:Early American currency
5365:111th Infantry Regiment
5233:"...to be self-evident"
4817:"Martin Mohamed Atalla"
4460:Electrical Engineering
4395:Electrical Engineering
4382:Electrical Engineering
4356:Biomedical Engineering
4254:Mechanical Engineering
4064:Electrical Engineering
3874:Mechanical Engineering
3855:Electrical Engineering
3722:Electrical Engineering
3658:Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
3608:Mechanical Engineering
3570:Electrical Engineering
3380:Electrical Engineering
3266:Mechanical Engineering
3228:Electrical Engineering
3209:Electrical Engineering
3076:Mechanical Engineering
2943:Mechanical Engineering
2905:Electrical Engineering
2753:Mechanical Engineering
2734:Electrical Engineering
2582:Electrical Engineering
2544:Mechanical Engineering
2525:Electrical Engineering
2449:Electrical Engineering
2297:Electrical Engineering
2240:Electrical Engineering
1993:Electrical Engineering
1708:Electrical Engineering
1594:Electrical Engineering
1480:Mechanical Engineering
1271:Electrical Engineering
1100:Electrical Engineering
891:Mechanical Engineering
872:Electrical Engineering
796:Mechanical Engineering
289:Stuart Ballantine Medal
250:Stuart Ballantine Medal
107:Benjamin Franklin Medal
6054:Francis Franklin (son)
6049:William Franklin (son)
5996:American Enlightenment
5935:(2002 animated series)
5804:Franklin silver dollar
5779:Washington D.C. statue
5754:Columbus, Ohio, statue
5739:Revolutionary War Door
5625:Bagatelles and Satires
5619:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
5559:Pennsylvania Chronicle
5444:Master, Les Neuf SĹ“urs
5085:The Franklin Institute
5033:The Franklin Institute
5007:The Franklin Institute
4981:The Franklin Institute
4955:The Franklin Institute
4929:The Franklin Institute
4903:The Franklin Institute
4877:The Franklin Institute
4851:The Franklin Institute
4825:The Franklin Institute
4720:The Franklin Institute
4588:The Franklin Institute
4026:Materials Engineering
3753:Mildred S. Dresselhaus
366:
351:
333:
322:
307:
292:
113:, a science museum in
5886:Ben Franklin in Paris
5789:Refunding Certificate
5387:Pennsylvania Hospital
5282:Treaty of Paris, 1783
4925:"Roger F. Harrington"
4534:Monika Schleier-Smith
1758:Samuel J. Danishefsky
1340:Robin M. Hochstrasser
357:
339:
328:
313:
298:
272:
260:Further information:
235:Howard N. Potts Medal
215:Elliott Cresson Medal
207:Further information:
5991:Age of Enlightenment
5917:A More Perfect Union
5794:Franklin half dollar
5769:San Francisco statue
5545:Birch letters (1755)
5206:Albany Plan of Union
4847:"Stephen J. Lippard"
3164:Christopher T. Walsh
2670:John Robert Anderson
2423:George M. Whitesides
2366:J. Frederick Grassle
675:Richard W. Shorthill
599:Douglas C. Engelbart
220:Frank P. Brown Medal
6104:Jane Mecom (sister)
6044:Deborah Read (wife)
6016:American Revolution
6009:The American Museum
5888:(1964 musical play)
5859:Ben Franklin effect
5081:"Jean-Pierre Kruth"
4951:"Cornelia Bargmann"
4873:"Elissa L. Newport"
4704:. January 18, 2023.
4443:R. Lawrence Edwards
3620:Patrick Soon-Shiong
3373:Roger F. Harrington
2689:Jillian F. Banfield
2480:Shafrira Goldwasser
2328:Stephen J. Benkovic
1929:Norman R. Augustine
1777:Narain G. Hingorani
1720:Alejandro Zaffaroni
1511:Raymond V. Damadian
1454:Charles H. Thornton
1226:Alexandra Navrotsky
466:Stanley B. Prusiner
164:Elizabeth Blackburn
5967:(2022 documentary)
5869:In popular culture
5683:Franklin Institute
5409:Union Fire Company
5297:Postmaster General
5277:Libertas Americana
5260:Treaty of Alliance
5035:. October 27, 2014
5009:. October 27, 2014
4983:. October 27, 2014
4957:. October 27, 2014
4931:. October 27, 2014
4905:. October 27, 2014
4879:. October 27, 2014
4853:. October 27, 2014
4827:. January 14, 2014
4755:Franklin Institute
4747:"Laureates Search"
4702:"Laureates Search"
4594:on January 2, 2018
4469:Kenneth C. Frazier
4339:Sallie W. Chisholm
4323:Arthur D. Levinson
4304:Kunihiko Fukushima
4171:Michele Parrinello
3905:John B. Goodenough
3734:Douglas C. Wallace
3715:Nick Holonyak, Jr.
3639:William J. Borucki
3088:Alexander Dalgarno
2632:W. Richard Peltier
2518:Gerhard M. Sessler
2404:Richard J. Robbins
2157:Albert Eschenmoser
2024:Arthur B. McDonald
2012:Materials Science
2005:Merton C. Flemings
1834:Fernando Nottebohm
1435:Joseph Smagorinsky
1416:Norman A. Phillips
1112:Norman L. Allinger
1055:K. Barry Sharpless
428:Robert B. Laughlin
409:Emmanuel Desurvire
367:
363:directed evolution
352:
334:
323:
308:
302:, inventor of the
293:
119:Franklin Institute
111:Franklin Institute
68:Franklin Institute
6150:
6149:
5975:(2024 miniseries)
5965:Benjamin Franklin
5959:(2015 miniseries)
5951:(2008 miniseries)
5941:Benjamin Franklin
5908:Benjamin Franklin
5841:State of Franklin
5551:The Way to Wealth
5228:Committee of Five
5159:Benjamin Franklin
5091:on April 12, 2019
5029:"Shoucheng Zhang"
4977:"Charles L. Kane"
4625:. August 26, 2015
4555:
4554:
4508:Barbara H. Liskov
4378:Russell D. Dupuis
4365:Carol V. Robinson
4114:Frances H. Arnold
4095:Marcia K. Johnson
3886:Helen Rhoda Quinn
3696:Michael I. Posner
3563:Solomon W. Golomb
3506:Nadrian C. Seeman
3487:Jean-Pierre Kruth
3468:Jon Huntsman, Sr.
3392:Cornelia Bargmann
3297:William W. George
2727:Ingrid Daubechies
2594:David J. Wineland
2537:D. Brian Spalding
2043:Steven W. Squyres
1986:Robert H. Dennard
1872:J. Peter Toennies
1701:Andrew J. Viterbi
1587:Robert E. Newnham
1378:Paul B. MacCready
1359:Masatoshi Koshiba
1302:Raymond Davis Jr.
1150:Mary-Dell Chilton
1017:Irwin Mark Jacobs
922:William J. Rutter
846:Wolfgang Ketterle
637:Barry J. Marshall
561:Ralph J. Cicerone
300:Douglas Engelbart
256:List of laureates
99:
98:
16:(Redirected from
6180:
6140:
6139:
5851:Ships named USS
5302:Founding Fathers
5152:
5145:
5138:
5129:
5128:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5003:"Eugene J. Mele"
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4899:"Syukuro Manabe"
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4782:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4615:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4580:
4391:P. Daniel Dapkus
4352:Sheldon Weinbaum
4327:
4326:
4325:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4209:Margaret Murnane
4194:
4193:
4192:
4190:Henry C. Kapteyn
4175:
4174:
4173:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4057:Eli Yablonovitch
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:James P. Allison
4023:
4022:
4021:
4004:
4003:
4002:
4000:John J. Hopfield
3985:
3984:
3983:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3962:Philippe Horvath
3947:
3946:
3945:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3924:Vinton Gray Cerf
3909:
3908:
3907:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3582:Robert S. Langer
3567:
3566:
3565:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3544:Brian F. Atwater
3529:
3528:
3527:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3278:Edmund M. Clarke
3263:
3262:
3261:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3202:Shunichi Iwasaki
3187:
3186:
3185:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:Robert A. Berner
3016:
3015:
3014:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2993:Jerrold Meinwald
2978:
2977:
2976:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:William H. Gates
2636:
2635:
2634:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:J. Ignacio Cirac
2446:
2445:
2444:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2385:T. Boone Pickens
2370:
2369:
2368:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2138:Wallace Broecker
2123:
2122:
2121:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1910:M. Gordon Wolman
1895:
1894:
1893:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1625:Aravind K. Joshi
1610:
1609:
1608:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1002:
1001:
1000:
983:
982:
981:
964:
963:
962:
945:
944:
943:
926:
925:
924:
907:
906:
905:
888:
887:
886:
869:
868:
867:
865:Antoine Labeyrie
850:
849:
848:
831:
830:
829:
827:Robert H. Grubbs
812:
811:
810:
793:
792:
791:
774:
773:
772:
755:
754:
753:
736:
735:
734:
717:
716:
715:
698:
697:
696:
679:
678:
677:
660:
659:
658:
641:
640:
639:
622:
621:
620:
603:
602:
601:
584:
583:
582:
565:
564:
563:
546:
545:
544:
527:
526:
525:
508:
507:
506:
504:Horst L. Stormer
489:
488:
487:
470:
469:
468:
451:
450:
449:
432:
431:
430:
413:
412:
411:
394:
393:
392:
369:
368:
245:John Scott Medal
172:Robert S. Langer
152:James P. Allison
95:
92:
90:
88:
51:
39:
38:
21:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6128:
6032:
5979:
5957:Sons of Liberty
5863:
5735:(1816 painting)
5727:(1783 painting)
5724:Treaty of Paris
5641:
5470:Founders Online
5453:
5434:Street lighting
5350:Kite experiment
5312:
5306:
5211:Albany Congress
5190:
5189:Founding of the
5184:
5161:
5156:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5064:
5062:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4960:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4799:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4726:on July 6, 2017
4714:
4713:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4650:. May 13, 2014.
4646:
4645:
4638:
4628:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4607:
4597:
4595:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4560:
4430:Edward C. Stone
4321:
4320:
4302:
4301:
4283:
4282:
4264:
4263:
4245:
4244:
4226:
4225:
4207:
4206:
4188:
4187:
4169:
4168:
4150:
4149:
4131:
4130:
4112:
4111:
4093:
4092:
4074:
4073:
4055:
4054:
4036:
4035:
4017:
4016:
3998:
3997:
3981:Anne M. Mulcahy
3979:
3978:
3960:
3959:
3941:
3940:
3922:
3921:
3903:
3902:
3884:
3883:
3865:
3864:
3848:Manijeh Razeghi
3846:
3845:
3827:
3826:
3808:
3807:
3789:
3788:
3772:Marvin L. Cohen
3770:
3769:
3751:
3750:
3732:
3731:
3713:
3712:
3694:
3693:
3677:Mitsuo Sawamoto
3675:
3674:
3656:
3655:
3637:
3636:
3618:
3617:
3599:
3598:
3580:
3579:
3561:
3560:
3542:
3541:
3523:
3522:
3504:
3503:
3485:
3484:
3466:
3465:
3449:Shoucheng Zhang
3447:
3446:
3428:
3427:
3411:Charles L. Kane
3409:
3408:
3390:
3389:
3371:
3370:
3352:
3351:
3333:
3332:
3316:Stephen Lippard
3314:
3313:
3295:
3294:
3276:
3275:
3257:
3256:
3238:
3237:
3221:Mark H. Kryder
3219:
3218:
3200:
3199:
3181:
3180:
3162:
3161:
3145:Daniel Kleppner
3143:
3142:
3124:
3123:
3107:Michael S. Dell
3105:
3104:
3086:
3085:
3067:
3066:
3050:Rudolf Jaenisch
3048:
3047:
3029:
3028:
3010:
3009:
2991:
2990:
2972:
2971:
2953:
2952:
2934:
2933:
2915:
2914:
2896:
2895:
2879:Sean B. Carroll
2877:
2876:
2858:
2857:
2841:Lonnie Thompson
2839:
2838:
2822:Vladimir Vapnik
2820:
2819:
2801:
2800:
2782:
2781:
2763:
2762:
2744:
2743:
2725:
2724:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2686:
2668:
2667:
2649:
2648:
2630:
2629:
2611:
2610:
2592:
2591:
2573:
2572:
2554:
2553:
2535:
2534:
2516:
2515:
2499:Peter C. Nowell
2497:
2496:
2478:
2477:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2439:
2421:
2420:
2402:
2401:
2383:
2382:
2364:
2363:
2347:Sandra M. Faber
2345:
2344:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2306:
2288:
2287:
2271:Frederick Smith
2269:
2268:
2250:
2249:
2231:
2230:
2212:
2211:
2193:
2192:
2174:
2173:
2155:
2154:
2136:
2135:
2119:David Baulcombe
2117:
2116:
2098:
2097:
2079:
2078:
2060:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2022:
2021:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1983:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1945:
1927:
1926:
1908:
1907:
1889:
1888:
1870:
1869:
1853:Giacinto Scoles
1851:
1850:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1812:
1796:Luna B. Leopold
1794:
1793:
1775:
1774:
1756:
1755:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1717:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1679:
1661:
1660:
1642:
1641:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1603:
1585:
1584:
1568:Robert B. Meyer
1566:
1565:
1549:Richard M. Karp
1547:
1546:
1528:
1527:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1489:
1471:
1470:
1452:
1451:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1413:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1318:
1300:
1299:
1283:John N. Bahcall
1281:
1280:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1242:
1224:
1223:
1205:
1204:
1188:Gordon E. Moore
1186:
1185:
1167:
1166:
1148:
1147:
1129:
1128:
1110:
1109:
1091:
1090:
1074:Rob Van der Voo
1072:
1071:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1015:
1014:
996:
995:
977:
976:
958:
957:
939:
938:
920:
919:
901:
900:
884:James R. Powell
882:
881:
863:
862:
844:
843:
825:
824:
806:
805:
787:
786:
768:
767:
749:
748:
730:
729:
711:
710:
692:
691:
673:
672:
654:
653:
635:
634:
618:Walter Kaminsky
616:
615:
597:
596:
578:
577:
559:
558:
542:Ahmed H. Zewail
540:
539:
521:
520:
502:
501:
483:
482:
464:
463:
445:
444:
426:
425:
407:
406:
388:
387:
264:
258:
211:
205:
196:
184:
144:Stephen Hawking
140:Albert Einstein
85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6186:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6013:
6005:
5998:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5933:Liberty's Kids
5929:
5921:
5913:
5904:
5898:
5890:
5882:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5836:Mount Franklin
5833:
5831:Franklin Field
5828:
5823:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5749:Chicago statue
5746:
5741:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5658:Franklin Court
5655:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5621:
5613:
5605:
5597:
5592:
5584:
5576:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5503:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5357:
5355:Pay it forward
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5335:Glass armonica
5332:
5330:Franklin stove
5327:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5109:
5108:External links
5106:
5103:
5102:
5072:
5046:
5020:
4994:
4968:
4942:
4916:
4890:
4864:
4838:
4808:
4797:
4767:
4737:
4707:
4693:
4673:
4653:
4636:
4605:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4404:Katalin KarikĂł
4401:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4285:Barbara Partee
4279:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4247:C. Daniel Mote
4241:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4228:Jeremy Nathans
4222:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4133:Indra K. Nooyi
4127:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4076:Gene E. Likens
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4019:John A. Rogers
4013:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3943:Robert E. Kahn
3937:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3829:Susan Trumbore
3823:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3354:Syukuro Manabe
3348:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3335:Elissa Newport
3329:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2917:Rashid Sunyaev
2911:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2708:Nicola Cabibbo
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2442:Lotfi A. Zadeh
2436:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2373:Earth Science
2371:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2145:Earth Science
2143:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:Earth Science
2048:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1967:Stuart K. Card
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1917:Earth Science
1915:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1803:Earth Science
1801:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1689:Earth Science
1687:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1663:Yoichiro Nambu
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1644:Henri B. Kagan
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1492:Seymour Benzer
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1442:Earth Science
1440:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:Earth Science
1421:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1264:Bishnu S. Atal
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:Earth Science
1231:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1207:Shuji Nakamura
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1093:Bernard Widrow
1087:
1083:
1082:
1081:Earth Science
1079:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
992:
988:
987:
984:
973:
969:
968:
965:
954:
950:
949:
946:
935:
931:
930:
927:
916:
912:
911:
908:
903:Alexander Rich
897:
893:
892:
889:
878:
874:
873:
870:
859:
855:
854:
851:
840:
836:
835:
832:
821:
817:
816:
815:Earth Science
813:
802:
798:
797:
794:
783:
779:
778:
775:
764:
760:
759:
756:
745:
741:
740:
737:
726:
722:
721:
718:
713:P. Roy Vagelos
707:
703:
702:
699:
694:Akira Tonomura
688:
684:
683:
680:
669:
665:
664:
661:
656:John C. Mather
650:
646:
645:
642:
631:
627:
626:
623:
612:
608:
607:
604:
593:
589:
588:
585:
574:
570:
569:
566:
555:
551:
550:
547:
536:
532:
531:
528:
523:Daniel C. Tsui
517:
513:
512:
509:
498:
494:
493:
490:
485:Martin J. Rees
479:
475:
474:
471:
460:
456:
455:
452:
447:David N. Payne
441:
437:
436:
433:
422:
418:
417:
414:
403:
399:
398:
395:
384:
380:
379:
376:
373:
359:Frances Arnold
304:computer mouse
274:Mohamed Atalla
257:
254:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
225:Franklin Medal
222:
217:
204:
201:
195:
192:
183:
180:
97:
96:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6185:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6143:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6028:Syng inkstand
6026:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:(1969 musical
5895:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:Boston statue
5742:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Lightning rod
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5199:Join, or Die.
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:United States
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5061:
5057:
5050:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4798:9780852293195
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4771:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4703:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4486:Life Science
4485:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:Nader Engheta
4454:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4421:Life Science
4420:
4418:
4417:Drew Weissman
4415:
4412:
4411:
4408:Life Science
4407:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4266:Monica Turner
4261:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4235:Life Science
4234:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:Life Science
4044:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3791:Claude Lorius
3786:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:Life Science
3740:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:Life Science
3588:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3399:Life Science
3398:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3259:Ali H. Nayfeh
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:Life Science
3246:
3241:
3240:Joachim Frank
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:Life Science
3056:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3012:William Labov
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2974:John Chambers
2969:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2955:Louis E. Brus
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:Life Science
2885:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2784:George Church
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2765:K.C. Nicolaou
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:JoAnne Stubbe
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:Life Science
2505:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:Life Science
2334:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2309:Ruzena Bajcsy
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:Life Science
2258:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:Life Science
2125:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:Life Science
2106:
2101:
2100:Victor Ambros
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:Life Science
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1948:Klaus Biemann
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:Life Science
1840:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1815:Donald Norman
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1739:Ray W. Clough
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:Peter R. Vail
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:Life Science
1612:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1530:Harry B. Gray
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:John McCarthy
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:Life Science
1327:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:Life Science
1156:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1036:Marvin Minsky
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
993:
990:
989:
986:Life Science
985:
980:
979:Judah Folkman
974:
971:
970:
966:
961:
955:
952:
951:
947:
942:
936:
933:
932:
928:
923:
917:
914:
913:
909:
904:
898:
895:
894:
890:
885:
879:
876:
875:
871:
866:
860:
857:
856:
852:
847:
841:
838:
837:
833:
828:
822:
819:
818:
814:
809:
808:Eville Gorham
803:
800:
799:
795:
790:
784:
781:
780:
776:
771:
765:
762:
761:
757:
752:
746:
743:
742:
738:
733:
727:
724:
723:
719:
714:
708:
705:
704:
700:
695:
689:
686:
685:
681:
676:
670:
667:
666:
662:
657:
651:
648:
647:
644:Life Science
643:
638:
632:
629:
628:
624:
619:
613:
610:
609:
605:
600:
594:
591:
590:
586:
581:
575:
572:
571:
567:
562:
556:
553:
552:
548:
543:
537:
534:
533:
529:
524:
518:
515:
514:
510:
505:
499:
496:
495:
491:
486:
480:
477:
476:
473:Life Science
472:
467:
461:
458:
457:
453:
448:
442:
439:
438:
434:
429:
423:
420:
419:
415:
410:
404:
401:
400:
396:
391:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
371:
370:
364:
361:, pioneer of
360:
356:
349:
346:
342:
338:
331:
327:
320:
316:
315:John McCarthy
312:
305:
301:
297:
290:
286:
282:
281:semiconductor
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
210:
203:Former awards
200:
191:
188:
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:George Church
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:Thomas Edison
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
94:
84:
80:
76:
74:First awarded
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:United States
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6008:
6000:
5972:
5964:
5956:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5916:
5910:(miniseries)
5907:
5893:
5885:
5880:(1953 short)
5877:
5852:
5814:other stamps
5730:
5722:
5711:
5710:Depicted in
5687:
5653:Bibliography
5624:
5616:
5608:
5600:
5587:
5579:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5537:
5529:
5506:
5493:
5480:
5313:other events
5245:Model Treaty
5198:
5115:
5093:. Retrieved
5089:the original
5084:
5075:
5063:. Retrieved
5059:
5049:
5037:. Retrieved
5032:
5023:
5011:. Retrieved
5006:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4980:
4971:
4959:. Retrieved
4954:
4945:
4933:. Retrieved
4928:
4919:
4907:. Retrieved
4902:
4893:
4881:. Retrieved
4876:
4867:
4855:. Retrieved
4850:
4841:
4829:. Retrieved
4820:
4811:
4802:
4778:
4770:
4758:. Retrieved
4750:
4740:
4728:. Retrieved
4724:the original
4719:
4710:
4696:
4685:
4676:
4665:
4656:
4627:. Retrieved
4622:
4596:. Retrieved
4592:the original
4587:
4578:
4547:Richard Zare
4521:Deb Niemeier
4482:Elaine Fuchs
3867:Adrian Bejan
3810:Alan Mulally
3525:Yale N. Patt
3069:Subra Suresh
2898:Jerry Nelson
2613:Peter Zoller
2411:Engineering
2195:Takeo Kanade
2081:Nancy Wexler
2062:Yoji Totsuka
1746:Engineering
1461:Engineering
1321:Jane Goodall
1245:Lucy Suchman
1214:Engineering
1169:Sumio Iijima
1131:John W. Cahn
998:Alan H. Guth
789:Gordon Danby
770:Eric Cornell
580:Noam Chomsky
454:Engineering
416:Engineering
265:
197:
194:Bower Awards
189:
185:
160:Jane Goodall
124:Nikola Tesla
115:Philadelphia
106:
102:
100:
64:Presented by
36:
5919:(1989 film)
5627:(pub. 1845)
5509:(1732–1758)
5496:(1729–1790)
5360:Associators
5311:Inventions,
5095:December 2,
5065:December 2,
5039:December 2,
5013:December 2,
4987:December 2,
4961:December 2,
4935:December 2,
4909:December 2,
4883:December 2,
4857:December 2,
4598:December 2,
4152:Roberto Car
3430:Eugene Mele
3126:Kenichi Iga
2290:James Thorp
2252:Gary Ruvkun
2233:Arun Phadke
2214:Judea Pearl
2176:Deborah Jin
1891:R.E. Turner
1473:Roger Bacon
941:Carl Wieman
732:Victor Vali
390:John Diebel
341:Vinton Cerf
291:in Physics.
176:Alex Gorsky
156:Indra Nooyi
132:Marie Curie
6157:Categories
5949:John Adams
5878:Ben and Me
5424:Fugio cent
5372:Junto club
4831:August 23,
4787:. p.
4623:www.fi.edu
4570:References
4551:Chemistry
4495:Philip Kim
4369:Chemistry
4178:Chemistry
4159:Chemistry
3912:Chemistry
3684:Chemistry
3665:Chemistry
3513:Chemistry
3323:Chemistry
3183:Lisa Tauxe
3171:Chemistry
3000:Chemistry
2936:Zvi Hashin
2803:Fred Kavli
2772:Chemistry
2746:Dean Kamen
2575:James West
2563:Chemistry
2430:Chemistry
2164:Chemistry
1955:Chemistry
1765:Chemistry
1537:Chemistry
1347:Chemistry
1119:Chemistry
1062:Chemistry
960:Paul Baran
834:Chemistry
751:John Cocke
625:Chemistry
549:Chemistry
330:John Kerry
148:Bill Gates
136:Max Planck
5901:1972 film
5449:Gravesite
3601:Shu Chien
6142:Category
6021:patriots
6011:magazine
5973:Franklin
5925:Liberty!
5853:Franklin
5458:Writings
5325:Bifocals
4730:June 24,
4629:June 24,
4558:See also
4538:Physics
4499:Physics
4434:Physics
4216:Physics
4197:Physics
4007:Physics
3893:Physics
3779:Physics
3456:Physics
3437:Physics
3418:Physics
3152:Physics
3095:Physics
2924:Physics
2715:Physics
2620:Physics
2601:Physics
2468:Physics
2183:Physics
2069:Physics
2031:Physics
1879:Physics
1860:Physics
1670:Physics
1575:Physics
1366:Physics
1309:Physics
1290:Physics
1176:Physics
1005:Physics
948:Physics
853:Physics
777:Physics
701:Physics
663:Physics
530:Physics
511:Physics
435:Physics
345:Internet
5984:Related
4687:YouTube
4667:YouTube
348:pioneer
278:silicon
93:/awards
82:Website
56:Country
6037:Family
5912:(1972)
5688:awards
5646:Legacy
5611:(1789)
5603:(1789)
5590:(1784)
5582:(1781)
5569:(1773)
5561:(1767)
5553:(1758)
5540:(1751)
5532:(1751)
5483:(1725)
4795:
4760:May 8,
378:Field
285:MOSFET
174:, and
117:. The
5693:medal
4543:2023
4530:2023
4517:2023
4504:2023
4491:2023
4478:2023
4465:2023
4452:2023
4439:2023
4426:2022
4413:2022
4400:2022
4387:2022
4374:2022
4361:2022
4348:2022
4335:2022
4316:2021
4297:2021
4278:2021
4259:2021
4240:2021
4221:2021
4202:2021
4183:2021
4164:2021
4145:2021
4126:2019
4107:2019
4088:2019
4069:2019
4050:2019
4031:2019
4012:2019
3993:2019
3974:2018
3955:2018
3936:2018
3917:2018
3898:2018
3879:2018
3860:2018
3841:2018
3822:2018
3803:2017
3784:2017
3765:2017
3746:2017
3727:2017
3708:2017
3689:2017
3670:2017
3651:2017
3632:2016
3613:2016
3594:2016
3575:2016
3556:2016
3537:2016
3518:2016
3499:2016
3480:2015
3461:2015
3442:2015
3423:2015
3404:2015
3385:2015
3366:2015
3347:2015
3328:2015
3309:2015
3290:2014
3271:2014
3252:2014
3233:2014
3214:2014
3195:2014
3176:2014
3157:2014
3138:2014
3119:2013
3100:2013
3081:2013
3062:2013
3043:2013
3024:2013
3005:2013
2986:2013
2967:2012
2948:2012
2929:2012
2910:2012
2891:2012
2872:2012
2853:2012
2834:2012
2815:2012
2796:2011
2777:2011
2758:2011
2739:2011
2720:2011
2701:2011
2682:2011
2663:2011
2644:2010
2625:2010
2606:2010
2587:2010
2568:2010
2549:2010
2530:2010
2511:2010
2492:2010
2473:2010
2454:2010
2435:2009
2416:2009
2397:2009
2378:2009
2359:2009
2340:2009
2321:2009
2302:2009
2283:2008
2264:2008
2245:2008
2226:2008
2207:2008
2188:2008
2169:2008
2150:2008
2131:2008
2112:2008
2093:2008
2074:2007
2055:2007
2036:2007
2017:2007
1998:2007
1979:2007
1960:2007
1941:2007
1922:2007
1903:2006
1884:2006
1865:2006
1846:2006
1827:2006
1808:2006
1789:2006
1770:2006
1751:2006
1732:2006
1713:2005
1694:2005
1675:2005
1656:2005
1637:2005
1618:2005
1599:2005
1580:2004
1561:2004
1542:2004
1523:2004
1504:2004
1485:2004
1466:2004
1447:2003
1428:2003
1409:2003
1390:2003
1371:2003
1352:2003
1333:2003
1314:2003
1295:2003
1276:2003
1257:2003
1238:2002
1219:2002
1200:2002
1181:2002
1162:2002
1143:2002
1124:2002
1105:2002
1086:2001
1067:2001
1048:2001
1029:2001
1010:2001
991:2001
972:2001
953:2001
934:2000
915:2000
896:2000
877:2000
858:2000
839:2000
820:2000
801:2000
782:2000
763:2000
744:2000
725:1999
706:1999
687:1999
668:1999
649:1999
630:1999
611:1999
592:1999
573:1999
554:1999
535:1998
516:1998
497:1998
478:1998
459:1998
440:1998
421:1998
402:1998
383:1998
375:Name
372:Year
5894:1776
5097:2015
5067:2015
5041:2015
5015:2015
4989:2015
4963:2015
4937:2015
4911:2015
4885:2015
4859:2015
4833:2019
4793:ISBN
4762:2015
4732:2016
4631:2016
4600:2015
105:(or
101:The
91:.edu
77:1824
4789:418
89:.fi
87:www
6159::
5083:.
5058:.
5031:.
5005:.
4979:.
4953:.
4927:.
4901:.
4875:.
4849:.
4823:.
4819:.
4801:.
4791:.
4783:.
4753:.
4749:.
4718:.
4684:.
4664:.
4639:^
4621:.
4608:^
4586:.
343:,
319:AI
317:,
276:,
178:.
170:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
142:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
126:,
5903:)
5151:e
5144:t
5137:v
5119:.
5099:.
5069:.
5043:.
5017:.
4991:.
4965:.
4939:.
4913:.
4887:.
4861:.
4835:.
4764:.
4734:.
4690:.
4670:.
4633:.
4602:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
