467:
263:
211:, England. The building opened in 2001 and was designed by the British architectural firm Sir Michael Hopkins and Partners. It was built to serve as a replacement to the Norwich Central Library, which burnt down on the site in 1994. After a proposal for a site named Technopolis was rejected, a second version, which was named New Technopolis before changing to the Forum, was constructed. The Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library sits to the west end of the building, with office and commercial spaces and studios for the
33:
276:
entering later to begin removing surviving records. The record office, which contained between two and three million documents, had withstood the fire, exceeding its expected two hours of fire resistance. Firefighters fought the fire for three days. An initial report claimed that the fire had been caused by a gas explosion and that more than 350,000 books had been lost, but the figure was later reported to be up to 155,000, with 125,000 books lost from the lending and reference department. A figure from the
458:, an initiative by the Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust (HEART) to develop 12 landmarks in Norwich into heritage attractions. The Forum has also hosted concerts, events and festivals, such as the city's Dragon Festival; the 2021 Feastival, a produce and food event; and the Norwich Science Festival. The area in front of the building, known as Millennium Plain, is used for public events, performances, live music, festivals and exhibitions.
483:, who visited The Forum four weeks after its opening, described it as a "heroic if ultimately flawed attempt to create a dignified public meeting place to satisfy complex and contradictory needs and desires". He described it as resembling an airport terminal and suggested that the library should be housed separately to the commercial area of the building, pointing out the
228:. The library has been named one of the most popular in the country, while The Forum is a venue for public events and festivals and the outside plain hosts live performances. Despite winning several awards, the building has been criticised for its use of materials and has been likened to a shopping mall and airport terminal.
275:
increasing the water pressure to assist the firefighters. Jean
Kennedy, who had been the City and County Archivist since 1963 and headed the Norfolk Record Office which was based in the basement of the library, reported that firefighters entered the building shortly after 11:30 a.m. with other staff
386:
restaurant. The construction of the building took more than 1,500 lorry loads of concrete and nearly half a million bricks. $ 3 million (equivalent to £5 million in 2023) was raised primarily by the Second Air
Division Association towards the construction of a new American library, which contained
270:
On 1 August 1994, at 7:20 a.m., an electrical fault in the
American library set fire to a bookshelf. The fire quickly spread; within two minutes, flames were already escaping through the roof and about ten minutes later, the fire had "swept through the first floor". The first fire crews arrived at
517:
into a frenzy of agitation but it is a bold and memorable space in stature with time. By contrast, the Forum is no more than a variant on a shopping mall. Although shopping malls are an increasingly dominant building type, it seems sad that with more than £63 million to play with, an architect of
453:
regional award in the east in 2004. A visitor attraction called
Origins spanned three floors in the building and allowed visitors to learn about the history of Norfolk and Norwich and contained interactive screens worth £2.5 million, but this was later replaced by a new visitor centre, television
333:
reported that the project "received widespread public opposition - as well as widespread support - and was eventually dropped", however, following a public consultation phase, new plans were put forward for a £66 million project with the building to cost £60 million (equivalent to £125 million in
395:
Construction was completed in
October 2001 and the building was opened on 1 November. Despite the names of Technopolis and New Technopolis being used in the planning phase, the finished building was called The Forum. The American library was dedicated on 6 November and the ceremony, which was
474:
In 2013, The
Millennium Library was the most popular library in the UK for the seventh year running, receiving 1,273,416 visits. Jennifer Holland, head of Norfolk Libraries, credited the library with having "well-maintained book stocks" and an ability to "stay relevant".
280:
years later put the loss at 170,000 books. Also lost were the
American library and its 3,500 books, two-thirds of the Colman collection, which contained 10,000 documents, letters and pamphlets on Norfolk, the 18th-century Rye collection, original collections of
322:
for funding for a project named
Technopolis on the site. The project was to cost £79 million (equivalent to £165 million in 2023) and would house the new library, as well as areas of business hire, an entrance and retail area, and a
301:
Following the demolition, research was conducted into the potential location and role of a new library. Several factors were identified, such as a forecasted rise in the number of pensioners, a rise in the number of people entering
223:
with a surrounding brick wall and inner steel frame supporting a glass and zinc panel roof. The project cost £66 million (equivalent to £138 million in 2023), of which £31 million (equivalent to £65 million in 2023) was from the
361:
for the horseshoe-shaped building in 1998, with the plans backed by the
Millennium Commission in May of that year. In May 1999, following the granting of planning permission and an archaeological survey,
378:. The eastern end of the building, comprising a 15 m (49 ft)-high glass wall, faces towards Saint Peter Mancroft, while the west, curved end contains the library behind more glass walls. An
259:, establishing a free public library in 1857. In 1937, it was suggested that "more suitable accommodation" was required to meet "immediate requirements" and so the central library was built.
509:
ometimes Hopkin's combination of very different materials can lead to unexpected results. The mixture of heavy concrete beams, glass, steel and laminated wood struts in the central hall of
479:
also praised the building during the opening ceremony, while RIBA described it as an "architectural tour de force and major contribution to urban cultural and social life in
Norwich."
988:
569:
Three centuries of a city library : an historical and descriptive account of the Norwich Public Library established in 1608 and the present public library opened in 1837
346:. The project was to be supported by a grant of £31 million from the Millennium Commission and would be undertaken by the Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Bid Company Ltd.
1464:
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Hopkin's skill could not have come up with something more distinctive. Hopkins seems to have hobbled from the start by that simplistic equation of glass with access.
366:
and excavation began. The structure consists of a three-storey concrete frame with a surrounding brick wall, with the brickwork made to emulate that of the adjacent
255:
going towards a room for an American library and to act as a memorial for the lives lost during World War II. Norwich had been the first city to adopt the
1603:
899:
487:
as an example. He was also confused with the "glass walls and hi-tech trickery" contrast with the "salty red" brick walls which resemble a "modern
442:
and St Catherine's Close. Technology for the services was specially commissioned for the studio, which overlooks the central area of the building.
1348:
310:, population growth in the area, and a forecasted rise of 30% in the number of people going to the library. The central library site was owned by
236:
Prior to The Forum, the Norwich Central Library sat on the same site from January 1963 until its destruction by fire in August 1994. Built in the
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1555:"Architecture: A funny thing happened on the way to the Forum: Norwich's hi-tech civic centre leaves Jonathan Glancey feeling confused"
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289:, a large part of the local studies photographic archive, early newspapers, orchestral scores and documents relating to
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691:
293:. About 15,000 Norwich prints were lost in total. The library had to be subsequently demolished due to the damage.
245:
387:
over 4,000 books and 30,000 photographs, letters, memoirs, and other documents following a refurbishment in 2020.
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2023). Named New Technopolis, it would contain, alongside the library, an underground car park, multimedia
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visited Norfolk on 18 July 2002 and officially opened The Forum. In 2003, a number of regional
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342:, business and learning centre, ticket shop, catering area, and a public square in front of
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174:
1088:"War and Remembrance Reunion trip to England triggers memories for New Wilmington veteran"
869:"Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library: a project supported by the Millennium Commission"
8:
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studio, and a 100-seat auditorium following financial losses. The Forum was part of the
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248:. It cost £350,000 (equivalent to £9,300,000 in 2023), with £30,000 donated by the
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240:, the library was the first major central library to open in the country after
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598:"Photo Gallery: A light 'popped' and soon Norwich's library was an inferno"
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241:
1382:"People asked to share their views on this year's Norwich Dragon Festival"
1524:"Norfolk & Norwich Millennium tops list of most popular UK libraries"
32:
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438: – moved to The Forum from their previous locations at
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attended by 2nd Air Division veterans, included a service from the
208:
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1410:"Norfolk producers join forces at free Feastival in city centre"
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187:
962:"Obituary: Sir Michael Hopkins, 88, Norwich Forum's architect"
400:
and a 28-piece orchestra. As part of her tour celebrating her
1588:
445:
In 2003, The Forum received the Urban Design Reward from the
375:
1148:"The Forum architects 'amazed' Norwich building not copied"
900:"Norfolk and Norwich Central Library: the emerging phoenix"
540:"When the Queen Mother opened a chapter in Norwich history"
450:
371:
318:, and the city worked towards putting a bid forward to the
927:
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409:
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212:
934:"Hopkins wins public support for revised Norwich design"
1438:"Norwich Science Festival 2023 launch sees big turnout"
922:
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7:33 a.m. and 150 firefighters tackled the blaze with
692:"20 years ago today - Norwich library was an inferno"
1496:"Head of libraries service to retire after 35 years"
1465:"Webcam: Live views of Millennium Plain, Norwich"
382:in the centre is flanked by glazed offices and a
1595:
125:£66 million (equivalent to £138 million in 2023)
840:"1994: Library fire wipes out historic records"
651:"Norfolk Record Office fire:an initial report"
989:"The Forum: Architecture & Construction"
470:Interior of Norwich Millennium Library, 2016
296:
374:panel and glass roof is supported by steel
1604:Buildings and structures completed in 2001
1548:
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1049:
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862:
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747:"Norwich Central Library fire 25 years on"
720:"Priceless papers damaged in library fire"
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138:Glass and brick (exterior), steel (frame)
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648:
584:
1596:
1205:"Come in, take a tour of our new home"
1085:
959:
717:
680:
18:Community building in Norwich, England
1553:Glancey, Jonathan (3 December 2001).
1494:Gilbert, Dominic (2 September 2016).
1408:Baldwin, Louisa (19 September 2021).
1287:
1168:
1123:"The history of the American Library"
960:Bishop, Donna-Louise (24 June 2023).
931:
767:
266:Fire at Norwich Central Library, 1994
219:. The building is fronted by a glass
1624:Art museums and galleries in Norfolk
1521:
1250:
1179:"Queen 'delighted' to be in Norfolk"
1076:
800:
655:Journal of the Society of Archivists
595:
533:
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1609:Buildings and structures in Norwich
1290:"Origins to evolve into new centre"
1054:Worsley, Giles (19 December 2001).
565:
13:
1436:Sennitt, Owen (12 February 2023).
14:
1640:
1577:
537:
528:
390:
1261:"Forum wins architectural award"
1086:Hruska, Judy (7 December 2001).
932:Finch, Paul (3 September 1998).
513:... may have driven more purist
351:Sir Michael Hopkins and Partners
160:Sir Michael Hopkins and Partners
31:
1629:Buildings by Hopkins Architects
1515:
1487:
1457:
1429:
1401:
1380:Knights, Emma (21 March 2014).
1373:
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1223:
1197:
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1115:
1017:
981:
953:
891:
832:
810:Everitt, Claire (29 May 2016).
718:Penman, Danny (1 August 1994).
690:McMahon, Rosa (1 August 2014).
1619:Tourist attractions in Norwich
1522:Bury, Liz (11 December 2013).
1349:"About the Norwich 12 project"
739:
711:
642:
617:
559:
434:, the online news service and
1:
1056:"Seeing through the argument"
522:
231:
461:
7:
1614:Public libraries in Norfolk
629:nrocatalogue.norfolk.gov.uk
349:British architectural firm
10:
1645:
1288:Welch, Jon (12 May 2007).
412:services –
340:tourist information centre
667:10.1080/00379819509511755
297:Planning and construction
257:Public Libraries Act 1850
185:
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134:
129:
121:
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66:
58:
48:
43:
39:
30:
25:
898:Hammond, Hilary (1996).
867:Hammond, Hilary (1997).
844:news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday
812:"Norfolk through a Lens"
566:Stephen, George Arthur.
344:St Peter Mancroft Church
244:, and was opened by the
203:is a public building in
1469:bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk
625:"Norfolk Record Office"
250:United States Air Force
151:Design and construction
1589:Norfolk County Council
649:Kennedy, Jean (1995).
520:
471:
312:Norfolk County Council
267:
1231:"The Forum - Norwich"
1209:www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk
996:theforumnorwich.co.uk
507:
469:
320:Millennium Commission
265:
226:Millennium Commission
1443:Norwich Evening News
782:"The Forum, Norwich"
491:or an over-restored
325:multistorey car park
316:Norwich City Council
90:52.62750°N 1.29056°E
1501:Eastern Daily Press
1415:Eastern Daily Press
1387:Eastern Daily Press
1295:Eastern Daily Press
1061:The Daily Telegraph
967:Eastern Daily Press
939:Architects' Journal
697:Eastern Daily Press
603:Eastern Daily Press
545:Eastern Daily Press
502:The Daily Telegraph
359:planning permission
330:Architects' Journal
175:Underground parking
86: /
44:General information
1475:on 24 January 2013
1236:Civic Trust Awards
1127:americanlibrary.uk
1030:Hopkins Architects
493:Roman amphitheatre
477:Queen Elizabeth II
472:
447:Civic Trust Awards
406:Queen Elizabeth II
268:
1361:on 5 January 2009
1183:bbc.co.uk/norfolk
1156:. 4 November 2011
904:New Library World
873:New Library World
788:. 29 October 2014
786:bbc.co.uk/norfolk
398:Bishop of Norwich
353:, founded by Sir
285:, a bank of 35mm
198:
197:
166:Other information
156:Architecture firm
130:Technical details
95:52.62750; 1.29056
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1471:. Archived from
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511:Portcullis House
481:Jonathan Glancey
327:. Paul Finch of
308:higher education
283:cartes de visite
253:2nd Air Division
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1329:on 6 March 2016
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755:. 1 August 2019
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355:Michael Hopkins
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117:1 November 2001
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1269:. 17 June 2004
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538:James, Derek.
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