406:
1440:. On the other hand, some Brethren understand peacemaking as the responsibility of the state to use force, to defend against and deter evil. These Brethren affirm the role of the state to maintain peace and deter aggression through force and a strong national defense by sanctioning chaplains in all branches of military service and providing counsel and support for those who, as a matter of personal conscience, hold to the conviction of strong military defense or "resistance." ...Our role as peacemakers may be in dispute, but the goal of peace is undeniable.
2074:
1409:. In non-conformity, Brethren have sought to follow the way of Christ in contrast to the way of the world. In non-resistance, Brethren have renounced the Christian's use of violence in combating evil, striving, as far as possible, to be reconciled to all persons. In non-swearing, Brethren have sought to lead such trustworthy Christian lives that oath-taking becomes unnecessary. Every believer must live in a way that exhibits to the world the truth and love of Christ.
66:
2050:
1324:
1172:
1072:
798:
2062:
405:
1449:
to reduce the threat of all war and to pursue peace through all possible diplomatic means. Brethren encourage the government to pursue peace through summits, diplomatic talks, and negotiations to decrease the use of weapons and warfare. Additionally, Brethren stand to maintain the US military for the
1422:
movement, it still holds strongly to its pursuit of peace, but within the denomination there are many different interpretations of how this peaceful lifestyle should be lived out. Twentieth-century
Brethren continue to uphold the ideal of peace, but the church embraces persons of opposing convictions
1435:
On the one hand, some
Brethren understand peacemaking as a practice of nonresistance or nonviolence, following Jesus in loving our enemies. Brethren annually reaffirm that historic position as a nonresistant peace church and, as such, provide counsel and support for those persons who, as a matter of
1384:
Brethren
Beliefs is a compilation of three popular Brethren Church documents. This single booklet contains the complete original contents of "A Centennial Statement," "How Brethren Understand God's Word," and "Brethren Positions on Social Issues." All three of these publications are now combined
1444:
Consequently, Brethren oppose tyranny, injustice, exploitation, and dehumanization as interpreted from a biblical perspective whenever and wherever they exist. Their materials specifically call for political action, working within the system to vote against candidates or policies which support
1057:
controversy. This was ended in 1921, when the church adopted a conservative statement of faith and practice. Many liberals withdrew to join other denominations more favorable to their positions. The fundamentalist strength developed and played into a later division.
1044:
The early years after the division were difficult for the new body, yet they quickly went about emphasizing and developing positions that had estranged them from the more conservative
Brethren: education, theological training for ministers, the
1750:
1445:
oppression. In addition to calling
Brethren to prayer for peace, they advocate for non-violent resistance in exposing oppression and injustice by raising questions and drawing attention to such evils. Brethren stand to encourage the
1005:
The elements constituting the formation of the
Brethren Church were historically referred to as progressives and later, by others, as "traditionalists." Progressives stressed evangelism, advocated for revival meetings,
906:
and remained there until 1729. Eventually all but a handful emigrated to
America in three separate groups between 1719 and 1733. Because of growing persecution and economic hardship, Brethren began emigrating to
875:
and low tolerance for religious diversity. Nevertheless, there were religious dissenters who lived their faith in spite of the threat of persecution. Some of these dissenters found refuge in the town of
915:, Pa., in 1723. Soon after its formation, the Germantown congregation sent missionaries to rural areas around Philadelphia. These missionaries preached, baptized, and started new congregations.
1465:
The
Brethren Church had 17,042 members in 1906, 24,060 in 1916, 26,026 in 1926 and 30,363 in 1936. In 1939 with the founding of the National Fellowship of Brethren Churches, now the
2119:
1929:
911:
under the leadership of Peter Becker. Most
Brethren left Europe by 1740, including Mack, who brought a group over in 1729. The first congregation in the New World was organized at
1656:
2124:
1978:
2104:
2114:
1263:
248:
1783:
1649:
871:
The
Brethren church tradition traces its roots back over 300 years to 1708. Eighteenth-century Europe was a time of strong governmental control of the
1469:, some 17,000 members left the Brethren Church. In 1956 there were 18,697 members, in 1964 18,013, in 1976 15,920, in 1984 14,229 and in 1996 13,746.
2109:
1968:
1778:
1798:
1722:
1484:, but also exist in West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, Wyoming, Arizona, California & Kansas.
372:
1642:
826:
977:
caused strain and conflict among the Brethren. In the early 1880s a major schism took place resulting in a three-way split: The traditional
918:
In 1781 these Brethren adopted the title "German Baptist Brethren" at their Annual Meeting; in 1782 they forbade slaveholding by members.
278:
1909:
1773:
1140:, and those seeking a firm affirmation of eternal security becoming the National Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches, since renamed
1914:
1450:
purposes of defense and deterrence of aggression only and maintain that the US should avoid being the aggressor in military action.
1983:
1717:
1049:, and home and foreign missions. Like many mainstream denominations, between 1913 and 1920 the Brethren Church suffered from the
1947:
1629:
1466:
1271:
258:
1924:
1894:
1665:
1553:
1286:
and celebrated the 250th anniversary of the first known Brethren Annual Meeting in 1742. That first meeting gathered near
1233:
854:
1132:
In 1939 the "Progressive" Brethren Church experienced another schism, with those seeking an open position to the issue of
1150:. An additional issue between the progressive and conservative divide concerned the conversion of Ashland College into a
921:
The group continued to expand and from Pennsylvania, they migrated chiefly westward. By 1908 they were most numerous in
17:
1793:
1706:
1701:
1472:
In 2006, the Brethren Church had 10,387 members and 119 churches. Membership is strongly concentrated in three states:
880:
in present-day Nordrhein-Westfalen in Germany. Among them was Alexander Mack, a miller who had been influenced by both
365:
1397:
Obedience to Christ is the center of Brethren life. This conviction has led the Brethren historically to practice non-
1973:
1788:
1745:
1592:
1371:
1219:
1119:
1014:, and objected to plain, non-fashionable distinctive dress, and objected to the supremacy of the annual conferences.
981:, the progressive Brethren Church, and the conservative German Baptist Brethren, who later changed their name to the
819:
283:
1353:
1201:
1101:
65:
1952:
1345:
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2013:
1740:
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under one cover for ease of use, cost efficiency, and as an encouragement to utilize all three consistently.
774:
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saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near
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978:
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2018:
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243:
38:
1889:
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and was published quarterly by the church until the end of 2019 when it ceased publication.
1939:
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1307:
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994:
866:
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52:
8:
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denomination with roots in and one of several groups that trace its origins back to the
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608:
212:
156:
146:
1904:
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1711:
1598:
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concerning the role and means of "peacemaking". The Brethren Church is also the only
1142:
726:
161:
1406:
1267:
1133:
872:
603:
295:
253:
182:
1899:
1848:
1393:
Brethren adhere to the "three negatives." According to "A Centennial Statement,"
1018:
1011:
769:
764:
643:
633:
588:
222:
95:
1546:
1521:
2066:
1881:
1843:
1584:
1402:
1158:. The resulting schism effectively divided the denomination along equal lines.
1050:
895:
784:
721:
623:
570:
416:
341:
192:
177:
151:
2088:
1446:
1437:
1303:
1248:
1151:
1137:
1007:
877:
638:
598:
537:
522:
492:
207:
202:
85:
1602:
2008:
1625:
1528:
1513:
1477:
1419:
1310:, in 2003. The Assembly represents some 600,000 members around the world.
1279:
1030:
962:
922:
908:
846:
648:
618:
444:
421:
263:
187:
131:
80:
527:
482:
429:
141:
1025:, was disfellowshipped from the Annual Meeting. He and others organized
1683:
1424:
1398:
1054:
986:
903:
885:
843:
701:
691:
628:
593:
411:
397:
336:
331:
217:
126:
90:
30:
This article is about the USA-based denomination. For other uses, see
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321:
136:
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denomination currently with a history of supporting non-combatant
2049:
1618:
1572:
1481:
938:
881:
797:
779:
759:
565:
425:
346:
121:
1154:, where the "traditionalists" wanted it to remain an accredited
958:
1751:
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference of the USA & Canada
1664:
666:
316:
1500:
United States Bureau of the Census, Timothy Francis Murphy.
1473:
1278:, and The Brethren Church. The first Assembly was held in
946:
934:
1136:
maintaining the name Brethren Church with headquarters in
985:
in 1908. In total, in the 21st-century United States, 14
2120:
Anabaptist organizations established in the 19th century
1573:
Mead, Frank S.; Samuel S. Hill; Craig D. Atwood (2005).
1453:
The history of the denomination is rife with stories of
1251:, where they also maintain international headquarters.
973:
Expansion across the continent and changes due to the
2038:
1254:
As of 2003, six Brethren bodies meet together in the
2125:
Members of the National Association of Evangelicals
1554:"2000 Religious Congregations and Membership Study"
1502:
Religious Bodies, 1936: Summary and detailed tables
1264:
Conservative Grace Brethren Churches, International
993:groups survive who descended from the 18th-century
1784:ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians
2086:
1779:Conservative Congregational Christian Conference
1062:Split with Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches
1723:U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches
1576:Handbook of denominations in the United States
1905:International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
1650:
902:, in the Netherlands. They settled among the
820:
366:
1531:Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches
1413:
2105:Religious organizations established in 1883
1352:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1200:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
279:Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference
2115:Evangelical denominations in North America
1910:International Pentecostal Church of Christ
1774:Christian Reformed Church in North America
1657:
1643:
1436:personal conscience, hold a conviction of
968:
827:
813:
404:
373:
359:
1915:International Pentecostal Holiness Church
1372:Learn how and when to remove this message
1220:Learn how and when to remove this message
1120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1984:Evangelical Friends Church International
1702:Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches
2110:Brethren denominations in North America
1718:Church of the United Brethren in Christ
1232:The Brethren Church is a member of the
14:
2087:
1948:Every Nation Churches & Ministries
1294:. The second Assembly met in 1998 at
1001:Progressive Brethren "Brethren Church"
1638:
1630:Association of Religion Data Archives
1467:Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches
1272:Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches
894:drove the Brethren to take refuge in
1925:Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church
1895:Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
1666:National Association of Evangelicals
1350:adding citations to reliable sources
1317:
1234:National Association of Evangelicals
1198:adding citations to reliable sources
1165:
1098:adding citations to reliable sources
1065:
855:National Association of Evangelicals
853:of Germany, and is a member of the
24:
1794:Evangelical Free Church of America
1707:Fellowship of Evangelical Churches
1535:. The National Council of Churches
1388:
1302:. The third Assembly was held by
25:
2136:
1974:Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
1817:Christian and Missionary Alliance
1789:Evangelical Congregational Church
1746:North American Baptist Conference
1610:
284:Old Order German Baptist Brethren
2072:
2060:
2048:
1953:Association of Vineyard Churches
1322:
1170:
1070:
796:
64:
58:(the German Baptists or Dunkers)
2014:National Religious Broadcasters
1930:Royalhouse Chapel International
1799:Evangelical Presbyterian Church
1516:Brethren Church (Ashland, Ohio)
1239:They are still affiliated with
1161:
1626:Profile of the Brethren Church
1507:
1494:
1431:. According to their website,
1292:Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
513:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
1872:Grace Communion International
1487:
1418:As a denomination within the
860:
327:Community of True Inspiration
1504:, Washington 1941, page 266.
1245:Ashland Theological Seminary
1017:In 1882, progressive leader
7:
1276:Old German Baptist Brethren
1033:, with about 6000 members.
1021:, who was the publisher of
979:Old German Baptist Brethren
508:Priesthood of all believers
301:Church of God (New Dunkers)
274:Old German Baptist Brethren
269:Old Brethren German Baptist
249:Conservative Grace Brethren
10:
2141:
2030:World Evangelical Alliance
1838:Primitive Methodist Church
1556:. Glenmary Research Center
1460:
1313:
864:
697:Mennonite World Conference
488:Nonconformity to the world
36:
32:Brethren (religious group)
29:
2027:
2019:New International Version
2001:
1989:Great Commission Churches
1961:
1938:
1880:
1857:
1807:
1764:
1756:Transformation Ministries
1731:
1697:Brethren in Christ Church
1682:
1673:
1414:Military and non-violence
1035:The Progressive Christian
1023:The Progressive Christian
37:Not to be confused with
1867:Advent Christian Church
1455:conscientious objection
1256:Brethren World Assembly
1039:The Brethren Evangelist
969:Split and new formation
803:Christianity portal
687:Conservative Mennonites
467:Doctrines and practices
410:A 1685 illustration by
47:Part of a series on the
27:Anabaptist denomination
1979:The Evangelical Church
1827:Church of the Nazarene
1442:
1411:
1260:Church of the Brethren
991:evangelical Protestant
983:Church of the Brethren
556:Schleitheim Confession
473:Theology of Anabaptism
244:Church of the Brethren
39:Church of the Brethren
1890:Assemblies of God USA
1832:Free Methodist Church
1433:
1395:
1300:Bridgewater, Virginia
1284:Elizabethtown College
1282:in 1992. They met at
975:Industrial Revolution
892:Religious persecution
712:Old Colony Mennonites
1581:Nashville, Tennessee
1346:improve this section
1308:Winona Lake, Indiana
1194:improve this section
1156:liberal arts college
1148:Winona Lake, Indiana
1094:improve this section
995:Schwarzenau Brethren
867:Schwarzenau Brethren
851:Schwarzenau Brethren
732:Schwarzenau Brethren
717:Old Order Mennonites
672:Apostolic Christians
561:Dordrecht Confession
54:Schwarzenau Brethren
1920:Open Bible Churches
1296:Bridgewater College
1146:, headquartered in
1047:ordination of women
1027:The Brethren Church
840:The Brethren Church
503:Freedom of religion
455:Sermon on the Mount
450:Radical Reformation
428:in the present-day
198:Donald F. Durnbaugh
101:Radical Reformation
18:The Brethren Church
1741:Converge Worldwide
1429:military chaplains
1241:Ashland University
727:Russian Mennonites
707:Mennonite Brethren
677:Brethren in Christ
609:Balthasar Hubmaier
478:Believer's baptism
147:Anointing with oil
2036:
2035:
1997:
1996:
1712:Missionary Church
1382:
1381:
1374:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1143:Charis Fellowship
1130:
1129:
1122:
837:
836:
775:Inspirationalists
744:Related movements
383:
382:
309:Related movements
162:The Brethren Card
16:(Redirected from
2132:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2044:
1834:of North America
1680:
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1659:
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1645:
1636:
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1621:
1619:Official website
1606:
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1544:
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1519:
1511:
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1268:Dunkard Brethren
1225:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1174:
1166:
1134:eternal security
1125:
1118:
1114:
1111:
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1074:
1066:
829:
822:
815:
801:
800:
604:Melchior Hoffman
408:
385:
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375:
368:
361:
296:Ephrata Cloister
254:Dunkard Brethren
183:Shantilal Bhagat
109:Doctrinal tenets
68:
55:
44:
43:
21:
2140:
2139:
2135:
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2095:Brethren Church
2085:
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2083:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2023:
1993:
1957:
1934:
1900:Elim Fellowship
1876:
1853:
1849:Wesleyan Church
1822:Christian Union
1803:
1760:
1727:
1692:Brethren Church
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1416:
1391:
1389:Three negatives
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1367:
1361:
1358:
1343:
1327:
1316:
1247:(org. 1906) in
1226:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1191:
1175:
1164:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1091:
1075:
1064:
1019:Henry Holsinger
1012:missionary work
1003:
971:
869:
863:
833:
795:
790:
789:
765:Radical Pietism
745:
737:
736:
662:
654:
653:
644:Michael Sattler
634:Pilgram Marpeck
589:George Blaurock
584:
576:
575:
551:
543:
542:
468:
460:
459:
440:
432:
414:, published in
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239:Brethren Church
223:Christoph Sauer
96:Radical Pietism
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53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2100:Peace churches
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2022:
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2016:
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1969:Aspire Network
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1844:Salvation Army
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1611:External links
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1585:Abingdon Press
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1403:non-resistance
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1051:fundamentalism
1010:, and foreign
1008:Sunday schools
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896:Surhuisterveen
865:Main article:
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859:
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785:Neo-Anabaptism
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750:Schwenkfelders
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729:
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722:River Brethren
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661:Largest groups
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624:Alexander Mack
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571:Martyrs Mirror
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417:Martyrs Mirror
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342:River Brethren
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298:
290:Defunct groups
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259:Grace Brethren
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193:Conrad Beissel
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178:Alexander Mack
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166:
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152:Non-resistance
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117:Non-creedalism
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49:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2137:
2126:
2123:
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2103:
2101:
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2070:
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2056:
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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2006:
2004:
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1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1964:
1960:
1954:
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1596:
1594:0-687-05784-1
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1447:US government
1441:
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1438:nonresistance
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1394:
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1336:
1331:This section
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1304:Grace College
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1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:This section
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1168:
1167:
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1152:Bible college
1149:
1145:
1144:
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1138:Ashland, Ohio
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1103:
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1079:This section
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718:
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675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:Melchior Rink
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:Conrad Grebel
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:Simple living
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Nonresistance
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
464:
463:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
436:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
413:
407:
403:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
387:
386:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
354:
353:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
312:
308:
307:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
291:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
229:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
208:Samuel Kinsey
206:
204:
203:Vernard Eller
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
169:
168:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Trine baptism
120:
118:
115:
114:
113:
112:
108:
107:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:Protestantism
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
56:
51:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2079:Pennsylvania
2055:Christianity
2009:World Relief
1691:
1574:
1558:. Retrieved
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1530:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1478:Pennsylvania
1471:
1464:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1420:peace church
1417:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1368:
1359:
1344:Please help
1332:
1280:Pennsylvania
1255:
1253:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1207:
1192:Please help
1180:
1162:Affiliations
1141:
1131:
1116:
1107:
1092:Please help
1080:
1043:
1038:
1037:was renamed
1034:
1031:Dayton, Ohio
1026:
1022:
1016:
1004:
997:of Germany.
972:
963:North Dakota
923:Pennsylvania
920:
917:
909:Pennsylvania
890:
870:
839:
838:
649:Menno Simons
619:Jakob Hutter
518:Foot washing
445:Christianity
422:Dirk Willems
415:
289:
288:
264:Old Brethren
188:Louis Bauman
132:Feet washing
81:Christianity
1940:Charismatic
1882:Pentecostal
1029:in 1883 at
878:Schwarzenau
528:Plain dress
430:Netherlands
142:Free church
2089:Categories
1684:Anabaptist
1560:2009-12-01
1539:2009-12-01
1488:References
1425:Anabaptist
1405:, and non-
1399:conformity
1362:March 2022
1210:March 2022
1110:March 2022
1055:liberalism
987:Anabaptist
913:Germantown
904:Mennonites
886:Anabaptism
861:Background
844:Anabaptist
702:Mennonites
692:Hutterites
629:Felix Manz
594:Hans Denck
583:Key people
439:Background
412:Jan Luyken
398:Anabaptism
337:Mennonites
332:Hutterites
218:Peter Nead
213:John Kline
127:Love feast
91:Anabaptism
73:Background
1859:Adventist
1809:Methodism
1333:does not
1288:Conestoga
1181:does not
1081:does not
900:Friesland
847:Christian
770:Moravians
682:Bruderhof
550:Documents
523:Holy kiss
498:Free will
483:Lovefeast
322:Bruderhof
137:Holy kiss
1766:Reformed
1676:churches
1603:59818013
1407:swearing
955:Nebraska
951:Missouri
943:Illinois
931:Virginia
927:Maryland
755:Baptists
614:Hans Hut
533:Shunning
390:a series
388:Part of
157:Pacifism
2067:Germany
2041:Portals
1733:Baptist
1628:by the
1482:Indiana
1461:Members
1354:removed
1339:sources
1314:Beliefs
1202:removed
1187:sources
1102:removed
1087:sources
1053:versus
939:Indiana
882:Pietism
780:Quakers
760:Pietism
566:Ausbund
426:Asperen
347:Quakers
1714:, Inc.
1674:Member
1601:
1591:
1529:"2008
1514:ARDA:
1480:, and
959:Kansas
873:church
842:is an
231:Groups
170:People
2002:Other
1962:Other
1668:(NAE)
667:Amish
420:, of
317:Amish
1599:OCLC
1589:ISBN
1474:Ohio
1337:any
1335:cite
1243:and
1185:any
1183:cite
1085:any
1083:cite
961:and
947:Iowa
935:Ohio
884:and
1840:USA
1348:by
1306:in
1298:in
1290:in
1196:by
1096:by
989:or
2091::
1597:.
1587:.
1583::
1579:.
1476:,
1457:.
1401:,
1274:,
1270:,
1266:,
1262:,
1258::
1236:.
965:.
957:,
953:,
949:,
945:,
941:,
937:,
933:,
929:,
925:,
898:,
888:.
857:.
392:on
2043::
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1360:(
1356:.
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1217:(
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1208:(
1204:.
1190:.
1123:)
1117:(
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1108:(
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41:.
34:.
20:)
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