38:
161:(1830–1839), Endlicher's cormophytes were divided into the thallogens (including the bryophytes), and cormogens ("non-flowering" plants with roots), as well as the six other classes. Cormogens were a much smaller group than Endlicher's cormophytes, including just the ferns (and
131:
Thallophytes (Thallophyta or
Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "
172:
Thallophyta is a division of the plant kingdom including primitive forms of plant life showing a simple plant body. Including unicellular to large
154:
in this case) in 1836. This definition of
Thallophyta is approximately equivalent to Protophyta, which has always been a loosely defined group.
113:
467:
1654:
341:
1543:
460:
37:
386:
The vegetable kingdom; or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system
146:, separated the vegetable kingdom into the thallophytes (algae, lichens, fungi) and the cormophytes (including
120:(Cormophyta) with roots and stems. Various groups of thallophytes are major contributors to marine ecosystems.
390:
251:
568:
187:
The first ten phyla are referred to as thallophytes. They are simple plants without roots stems or leaves.
453:
17:
1564:
96:. Thallophytes have a hidden reproductive system and hence they are also incorporated into the similar
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41:
Lichens are some of the organisms included in several definitions of the
Thallophyte group.
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276:
Fritsch, F.E. (1929). "Evolutionary
Sequence and Affinities among Protophyta".
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traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "
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419:"Notices of Books: Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien 3rd ed. 1903"
108:. Thallophytes are defined by having undifferentiated bodies (
1313:
881:
543:
190:
They are non-embryophyta. These plants grow mainly in water.
173:
81:
73:
128:
Several different definitions of the group have been used.
101:
198:
The
Thallophyta have been divided into two subdivisions:
475:
30:"Protophyta" redirects here. For the genus of moth, see
321:
Abercrombie, M., Hichman, C.J. and
Johnson, M.L. 1966.
248:"Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita"
245:
27:
Polyphyletic group of non-motile, plant-like organisms
334:
Robbins, W.W., Weier, T.E. and
Stocking, C.R. 1959.
1102:
357:
1641:
404:(2nd ed.). Meerut: Krishna Prakashan Media
205:Euthallophyta (bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae)
209:The term Euthallophyta was originally used by
1063:
461:
275:
379:
468:
454:
401:Diversity of Microbes, Fungi & Lichens
970:
336:Botany an Introduction to Plant Science.
36:
397:
347:
14:
1642:
426:Journal of Botany, British and Foreign
416:
363:
449:
338:Chapman & Hall, Limited, Limited
24:
1655:Historically recognized plant taxa
290:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1929.tb00884.x
25:
1666:
372:
246:Stephan Endlicher (1836–1840).
193:
1215:Membranous/thalloid/foliaceous
328:
315:
304:
269:
258:
239:
165:) and the plants now known as
123:
13:
1:
1185:Tetrasporal/capsal/palmelloid
391:Biodiversity Heritage Library
252:Biodiversity Heritage Library
233:
202:Myxothallophyta (myxomycetes)
150:and thus being equivalent to
7:
216:
10:
1671:
389:. Bradbury and Evans; The
29:
1524:
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1383:
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1327:
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654:
628:
593:
584:
577:
491:
506:Mastigophora/Flagellates
398:Awasthi, D. K. (2010) .
323:A Dictionary of Biology.
100:category (together with
50:Thallophyta, Thallophyto
1544:Baas-Becking hypothesis
311:Lindley (1846), page 49
265:Lindley (1846), page 46
1539:Microbial biogeography
42:
559:Fungus-like organisms
417:Rendle, A.B. (1903).
40:
1274:Simple cell membrane
1210:Pseudoparenchymatous
1198:Filamentous/trichal/
1182:Colonial flagellated
1115:Collar of microvilli
60:group of non-motile
1488:Contractile vacuole
1439:Meiosis in protists
1420:Mitosis in protists
1398:Multinucleate cells
620:Flagellar apparatus
569:Ambiregnal protists
511:Sarcodina/Amoeboids
1319:Periplast/pellicle
1042:Periplast/pellicle
982:Cruciform division
278:Biological Reviews
43:
1637:
1636:
1534:Microbial ecology
1520:
1519:
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1493:Eyespot apparatus
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1105:Choanoflagellates
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679:
139:, a 19th-century
137:Stephan Endlicher
116:), as opposed to
104:), as opposed to
84:and occasionally
32:Protophyta (moth)
16:(Redirected from
1662:
1508:Mastigont system
1461:
1386:
1363:
1352:Gliding motility
1330:
1267:
1212:/plektenchymatic
1168:Amoeboflagellate
1141:
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1046:
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1004:
986:
971:
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862:Dinoflagellates
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494:classifications
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259:
250:. F. Beck; The
244:
240:
236:
219:
196:
167:lycopodiophytes
126:
68:". They form a
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1668:
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1254:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:Siphonocladous
1234:
1226:
1219:Multinucleated
1216:
1213:
1207:
1205:Parenchymatous
1202:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1183:
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1044:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:Kinetoplastids
998:
992:
991:
988:
987:
985:
984:
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672:Phycobilisomes
669:
667:Pit connection
663:
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646:Phycobilisomes
643:
637:
635:
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625:
623:
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596:Chloroplastida
588:
586:Archaeplastida
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561:
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541:
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327:
325:Penguin Books.
314:
303:
284:(2): 103–151.
268:
257:
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159:Lindley system
125:
122:
26:
9:
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3:
2:
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1565:Fertilization
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1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
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1442:
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1440:
1437:
1433:Pleuromitosis
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
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1404:
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1382:
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1371:
1370:Hydrogenosome
1368:
1367:
1365:
1359:
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1343:
1340:
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1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:Multicellular
1242:
1235:
1232:
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1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
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1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
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1190:
1187:
1184:
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1179:
1176:
1173:
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1159:
1156:
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1145:
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1140:
1133:
1130:
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1116:
1113:
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1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:Dictyostelids
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
983:
980:
979:
977:
974:
969:
966:
964:
960:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
930:
929:Apicomplexans
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
894:
889:
883:
880:
878:
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873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
858:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
835:
832:
830:
826:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
801:
796:
790:
787:
786:
784:
780:
775:
769:
766:
765:
763:
757:
754:
752:
751:Stramenopiles
748:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
723:
718:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
697:
692:
689:
687:
683:
673:
670:
668:
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664:
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658:
653:
647:
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632:
627:
621:
618:
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603:
602:
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592:
589:
587:
583:
580:
576:
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567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
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526:
522:
519:
517:
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513:
512:
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507:
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503:
502:
499:
498:
496:
490:
486:
482:
478:
471:
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464:
459:
457:
452:
451:
448:
431:
427:
420:
415:
403:
402:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:
365:
360:
353:
349:
344:
337:
331:
324:
318:
312:
307:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
272:
266:
261:
253:
249:
242:
238:
229:
226:
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220:
214:
212:
204:
201:
200:
199:
191:
188:
185:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
163:Equisetopsida
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
129:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:that include
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
1585:Heterotrophy
1555:Reproduction
1430:Orthomitosis
1415:Heterokaryon
1362:Mitochondria
1263:Cell surface
1139:organization
1095:Opisthokonta
918:Micronucleus
913:Macronucleus
815:Pneumatocyst
631:Glaucophytes
615:Phragmoplast
554:Thallophytes
553:
481:Protistology
477:Microbiology
434:. Retrieved
429:
425:
406:. Retrieved
400:
385:
381:John Lindley
373:Bibliography
359:
348:Awasthi 2010
343:
335:
330:
322:
317:
306:
281:
277:
271:
260:
241:
228:Pteridophyte
211:Adolf Engler
208:
197:
194:Subdivisions
189:
186:
171:
156:
133:lower plants
130:
127:
114:pseudotissue
106:Phanerogamae
94:slime moulds
66:lower plants
58:polyphyletic
54:Thallobionta
53:
49:
46:Thallophytes
45:
44:
1615:Necrotrophy
1600:Saprotrophy
1590:Phagotrophy
1578:Phototrophy
1571:Nutrition:
1560:Life cycles
1551:Development
1525:Ecology and
1393:Nucleomorph
1347:Pseudopodia
1148:Unicellular
1032:Euglenoidea
1016:Kinetoplast
800:Brown algae
768:Mastigoneme
706:Mastigoneme
696:Cryptophyta
606:green algae
564:Slime molds
364:Rendle 1903
352:p. 226
152:Embryophyta
124:Definitions
118:cormophytes
98:Cryptogamae
72:of kingdom
18:Thallophyta
1650:Cryptogams
1644:Categories
1629:Auxotrophy
1624:Mixotrophy
1605:Parasitism
1595:Osmotrophy
1573:Autotrophy
1527:physiology
1403:Plasmodium
1329:Locomotion
1265:structures
1229:Coenocytic
973:Phytomyxea
944:Apicoplast
872:Dinokaryon
851:Trichocyst
722:Haptophyte
610:Phycoplast
578:Morphology
549:Cryptogams
234:References
148:bryophytes
86:bryophytes
1610:Biotrophy
1483:Extrusome
1473:Cytostome
1337:Flagellum
1294:Cell wall
1253:/histonal
1233:Siphonous
1224:Syncytial
1192:Coenobial
1188:Sarcinoid
1137:Levels of
1076:Macrocyst
1056:Amoebozoa
1021:Glycosome
949:Microneme
829:Alveolata
737:Haptonema
732:Coccolith
711:Periplast
657:Red algae
641:Cyanelles
528:Infusoria
223:Bryophyte
62:organisms
1503:Axostyle
1498:Pyrenoid
1478:Fimbriae
1410:Dikaryon
1375:Mitosome
1304:Skeleton
1289:Frustule
1279:Mucilage
1251:tissular
1175:Colonial
1158:Amoeboid
1153:Monadoid
1081:Sorocarp
996:Excavate
963:Rhizaria
893:Ciliates
877:Dinocyst
838:General:
789:Frustule
760:General:
686:Hacrobia
537:Sporozoa
532:Ciliates
521:Heliozoa
501:Protozoa
485:Protists
422:(Review)
383:(1846).
298:85070857
217:See also
144:botanist
141:Austrian
110:thalloid
90:bacteria
70:division
56:) are a
1446:Zygotic
1443:Gametic
1385:Nucleus
1163:Coccoid
1128:General
939:Rhoptry
846:Alveoli
779:Diatoms
516:Testate
432:: 62–63
182:lichens
157:In the
78:lichens
74:Plantae
1449:Sporic
1427:Closed
1342:Cilium
1299:Lorica
1200:hyphal
908:Cirrus
903:Cilium
810:Lamina
492:Former
296:
1460:Other
1314:Theca
1284:Scale
882:Theca
544:Algae
436:4 May
408:4 May
294:S2CID
178:fungi
174:algae
102:ferns
82:algae
1468:Cyst
1424:Open
1309:Test
1247:s.s.
1178:s.s.
438:2015
410:2015
135:".
92:and
80:and
608:":
286:doi
52:or
1646::
483::
479::
430:41
428:.
424:.
350:,
292:.
280:.
213:.
184:.
180:,
176:,
169:.
112:,
88:,
1553:/
1249:/
1107::
1068::
1034::
1008::
931::
895::
864::
802::
781::
724::
698::
659::
633::
604:"
530:/
469:e
462:t
455:v
440:.
412:.
393:.
366:.
354:.
300:.
288::
282:4
254:.
48:(
34:.
20:)
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