584:, the Texas Supreme Court currently has three women members. One of them served as a family court judge in Fort Worth (Lehrmann), the second (Bland) was a district judge in the civil trial division of the Harris County district courts before she was appointed to the intermediate court of appeals, and the third (Huddle) previously served on an intermediate court of appeals in Houston. As of September 2019, women jurists filled almost half of the 80 intermediate appellate positions. Some of the fourteen intermediate courts of appeals have female majorities. The Fourth Court of Appeals, based in San Antonio, is composed entirely of women.
514:, who is now a frequent advocate before the high court on behalf of private clients, as are several other former members of the Court. The other eight position numbers have no special significance except for identification purposes on the ballot. Informally, justices are ranked by seniority, and their profiles appear on the Court's website in that order. Unlike their counterparts on the U.S. Supreme Court, the official title of incumbents holding Place 2 through Place 9 is Justice, rather than Associate Justice. Their counterparts on the
394:
42:
349:
be noted (e.g., no writ, writ refused, writ denied, etc.) in order for the reader to determine at a glance whether the cited opinion is binding precedent only in the district of the Court of
Appeals in which it was decided, or binding precedent for the entire state. Citations to cases from the Houston-based Courts of Appeals are also longer than others because they require identification of the appellate district number -- or -- in addition to the name of the city.
4631:
3167:
decentralized funding and decision-making for trial court technology. JCIT provides a forum for discussion of court technology and information projects. With this forum, JCIT reaches out to external partners such as the
Conference of Urban Counties, the County Information Resource Agency, Texas.gov, and TIJIS (Texas Integrated Justice Information Systems), and advises or is consulted by the Office of Court Administration on a variety of projects.
4719:
4617:
317:, but rarely exercises discretionary review in such cases. The Supreme Court accepts fewer than 100 cases per year to be decided on the merits. In addition to its adjudicatory and administrative functions, the Supreme Court promulgates, and occasionally revises, court rules of procedure, which include the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure (TRCP), the Texas Rules of Evidence (TRE), and the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure (TRAP).
385:
geographically divided into thirteen. Two appellate courts (the 1st and the 14th, sitting in
Houston) serve coextensive districts covering ten counties, including Harris County. Recent proposals to reorganize the Texas appellate court system by consolidating districts, and creating a specialty court of appeals for government-entity cases, failed in the Texas legislature's 2021 regular session.
313:, an agency of the judiciary. The Texas Supreme Court has the sole authority to license attorneys in Texas. It also appoints the members of the Board of Law Examiners which, under instructions of the Supreme Court, administers the Texas bar exam. The Court has the last word in attorney disciplinary proceedings brought by the Commission for Lawyer Discipline, a committee of the
3209:
challengers did not have comparable judicial experience) with the same vote margin. The high court's most recent appointed member at the time, Jimmy
Blacklock, defeated Steven Kirkland, who like Sandill served as a district court judge in Houston, with 53.17% of the vote. Neither Sandill nor Kirkland were up for reelection that year.
549:, and, since nearly every member of the Texas Bar was a member of that fraternal organization, paying personal insurance premiums that varied with the claims decided against it, no male judges or attorneys could be found to hear the case. After ten months of searching for suitable male replacements to decide the case, Governor
361:
and eight justices. All positions are elective. While the chief has special administrative responsibilities, each member has one vote and may issue a dissenting or concurring opinion. Granted cases are assigned to justices' chambers for opinion authorship by draw. Grants require four votes. Judgments
3191:
Two members of the Court (Chief
Justice Hecht and Justice Boyd) were up for re-election in 2020, and two more (Busby and Bland) were on the ballot to seek voter approval to serve out the remainder of their respective unexpired terms, following their appointment to supreme court vacancies by Governor
3229:
The six-year terms of office of the members of the Texas
Supreme Court are staggered. Three Republican incumbents—Green, Guzman, and Lehrmann—were up for reelection in 2016 and won easily, as was expected, given the statewide nature of their electoral constituency in a Red state. Debra Lehrmann had
348:
While Texas's unique practice saved the state supreme court from having to hear relatively minor cases just to create uniform statewide precedents on those issues, it also makes for lengthy citations to the opinions of the Courts of
Appeals, since the subsequent writ history of the case must always
3204:
While
Republican incumbents suffered massive defeats in the Courts of Appeals on November 6, 2018, bringing about a switch of majorities from Republicans to Democrats in Dallas, Houston, and Austin, the three Republican incumbents on the Texas Supreme Court who faced the entire Texas electorate in
3170:
Three themes consistently recur in the JCIT conversation: expansion and governance of electronic filing; the evolution and proliferation of court case management systems; and the evolution and governance of technology standards for reporting and sharing information across systems in civil, family,
3220:
Under the leadership of
Governor Greg Abbott Texas Republicans have since moved to change the way Texas selects judges and justices in the major metropolitan jurisdictions. Their legislative initiative to amend the Texas constitution to forestall Democratic gains in third branch of government was
3212:
Justice
Blacklock faced the electorate for the first time, having recently been appointed. Blacklock was Governor Abbott's replacement for Justice Don Willett, who ascended to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals before his term on the Texas Supreme Court had expired, thus creating a vacancy and an
3336:
Activist judges are protecting corporate executives and stripping away the rights of widows and every other victim of corporate misconduct…This decision was handed down by a group of judges who regularly accept campaign contributions from law firms representing corporations that appear in their
3166:
JCIT approaches this mission by providing a forum for state-local, inter-branch, and public-private collaboration, and development of policy recommendations for the Supreme Court of Texas. Court technology, and the information it carries, are sprawling topics, and Texas is a diverse state with
3216:
All appellate court races were clearly driven by party-line voting. That worked in favor of Republican incumbents at the statewide level as usual, but against Republican incumbents in the courts of appeals, whose members are each elected from one of fourteen appellate districts. Some of those
3208:
Incumbent John Devine prevailed over his opponent R.K. Sandill, a sitting district court judge of Asian-American descent in Houston, with 53.75% of the vote and secured a second term. Justice Jeff Brown beat off a challenge by Democratic candidate Kathy Cheng (who unlike her fellow Democratic
470:
are former Court of Appeals justices from Houston, whose re-election bids failed in November 2018 when Democrats won all of the judicial races in that election. Blacklock previously served Governor Greg Abbott as general counsel. Huddle was a justice on the First Court of Appeals in Houston.
384:
All members of the Texas Supreme Court typically belong to the same party because all are elected in statewide races, rather than by the electorates of smaller appellate districts, as the justices on the intermediate appellate courts are. Although there are fourteen such courts, the state is
568:
became the court's first regular female justice, when she was appointed to replace Justice James G. Denton who had died of a heart attack. Sondock served the remainder of Denton's term, which ended on December 31, 1982, but did not seek election to the Supreme Court in her own right.
3230:
been challenged by Michael Massengale, then a justice on the First Court of Appeals in Houston, in the Republican primary for not being conservative enough with respect to med-mal suits. Massengale later lost his re-election bid for the First Court of Appeals position to a Democrat,
1139:, justices who reach the age of 75 during the first four years of their 6-year term, must retire by December 31st of the 4th year of their term. If justices reach the age of 75 during the 5th or 6th year of their term, they will be able to serve out the remainder of their term.
409:
appoints a replacement, subject to Senate confirmation, to serve out the unexpired term until December 31 after the next general election. The initial term of tenure is therefore often less than six years. Most of the current justices were originally appointed either by former
335:
can actually imply approval or disapproval of the merits of the lower court's decision and in turn may affect the geographic extent of the precedential effect of that decision. In March 1927, the Texas Legislature enacted a law directing the Texas Supreme Court to summarily
3272:
commented on the Texas election by saying, "Plaintiff trial lawyers are making an unprecedented attempt to regain the control of the Supreme Court that they enjoyed in the 1970s and 1980s, when Texas was known as 'The Lawsuit Capitol of the World.'" Also, an airing of
4509:
344:
have become valid binding precedent of the Texas Supreme Court itself because the high court refused applications for writ of error rather than denying them and thereby signaled that it approved of their holdings as the law of the state.
362:
are rendered by majority vote. Per curiam opinions may be issued if at least six justices agree. Petitions for review are automatically denied after 30 days unless at least one justice pulls them off the metaphorical conveyor belt.
5069:
4501:
3245:
is one of seven states that elects Supreme Court justices on partisan ballots. Four justices of the Texas Supreme Court faced re-election in 2014. Three of the four sitting Supreme Court justices, Chief Justice
3291:, funded the bulk of the campaign to remove the Texas Supreme Court and business groups. Funding was disclosed in an article titled "Plaintiff Trial Lawyers Attempt to Distort Role of Judges and Juries".
3258:, were required to defeat challengers in a March primary before the general election in November. The candidates challenging the incumbent Supreme Court justices, according to reports filed with the
4119:
5074:
3163:
Created in 1997 JCIT was established to set standards and guidelines for the systematic implementation and integration of information technology into the trial and appellate courts in Texas.
494:, who retired from the Court on August 31, 2020. Eva Guzman, the second-most senior member of the Court at the time, resigned on June 11, 2021. She is currently challenging Attorney General
4351:
3326:
publicly criticized the Texas Supreme Court stating that it employs "a simpleton approach that basically white washes the trial, ignores the evidence, and is very conclusion based".
4418:
4198:
3591:
4229:
5079:
3653:
4290:
3622:
4752:
3715:
4174:
340:
to hear applications for writs of error when it believed the Court of Appeals opinion correctly stated the law. Thus, since June 1927, over 4,100 decisions of the
3684:
3341:
All judicial challengers recruited and funded by the Texas plaintiff lawyers lost to the incumbent Texas Supreme Court justices who won the 2014 Texas election.
3917:
283:
The Texas Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and eight justices. All nine positions are elected, with a term of office of six years and no term limit.
5580:
479:
5122:
5084:
3174:
The Founding Chair of JCIT from 1997 to 2009 was Peter S. Vogel, a partner at Gardere Wynne Sewell LLP in Dallas, and since 2009 the JCIT Chair has been
4545:
5570:
4822:
4576:
129:
58:
4867:
4707:
4111:
3553:
3357:
5585:
4762:
4448:
5493:
3394:
4479:
4343:
3946:
4259:
4066:
3314:
case, in which the Fourteenth Court of Appeals in Houston concluded in MERCK & CO., INC. v. Ernst, a wrongful death case by a widow, that
4952:
3504:
498:
in the GOP primary for that office. The vacancy created by Guzman's resignation was filled by Evan Young's appointment on November 10, 2021.
405:. Because their terms are staggered, only some of the justices are up for re-election in any one election cycle. When a vacancy arises, the
5543:
4897:
4782:
490:, who resigned from the court to accept appointment to a U.S. district court bench. Rebeca Huddle was appointed in October 2020 to replace
4892:
4410:
4149:
1241:
3774:
486:, who retired in 2018, and was sworn in on March 20, 2019. Jane Bland was appointed in September 2019 to fill the vacancy left by
4847:
4685:
4320:
4384:
4190:
5423:
4947:
4872:
4857:
4852:
4797:
3886:
3852:
3217:
districts favored Democrats in the 2018 midterm elections, which entailed heavy Republican losses at the trial court level likewise.
3583:
5498:
4221:
3822:
5115:
5467:
5140:
4917:
3645:
287:
4282:
5457:
5213:
4792:
4700:
3528:"The Texas Senate has approved a new statewide appeals court. Critics contend it's another attempt to limit Democrats' power"
3614:
5268:
5089:
5054:
4807:
4777:
3298:
had become a vocal critic of the Texas Supreme Court after the Supreme Court reversed his signature trial verdict against
591:
resigned from Place 9 effective Friday, June 11, 2021 at 3 PM after delivering a final dissenting opinion in the morning.
5514:
5477:
4742:
3707:
796:
17:
4171:
5351:
5149:
5108:
4967:
4957:
4912:
4882:
4674:
3739:"Eva Guzman, former Texas Supreme Court justice, joins GOP primary challenge against Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton"
184:
3676:
3231:
5007:
4932:
3909:
3882:
3677:"Timing of Supreme Court justice's retirement allows Gov. Greg. Abbott, not voters, to pick his two-year replacement"
1063:
1017:
740:
4374:"Lawyer Cash, Racial Profiling Shape Supreme Court Races Plaintiff Lawyers, Strip-Club Mogul Fund GOP's John Devine"
5443:
4982:
4842:
4693:
3997:
5396:
5049:
4737:
515:
425:
270:
3527:
553:
decided on January 1, 1925, to appoint a special court composed of three women. This court, consisting of Ward,
5023:
4962:
4922:
4907:
4747:
429:
4085:
381:, currently Blake A. Hawthorne, is appointed by the justices and serves a four-year term, which is renewable.
5363:
4992:
4877:
1725:
1272:
5472:
5452:
5373:
5328:
5283:
5258:
4997:
4977:
4942:
4937:
4723:
4568:
4022:
3193:
1432:
122:
3738:
3361:
5575:
5313:
5308:
5188:
4862:
4817:
4715:
4537:
4440:
4222:"State leaders again want to review how Texas elects judges. Will they end partisan judicial elections?"
4086:"Democrats' hopes of flipping Texas again fall short as Republicans dominate the state's 2020 elections"
3460:
Steiner, Mark E. (February 1999). "Not Fade Away: The Continuing Relevance of 'Writ Refused' Opinions".
5378:
5368:
5333:
5002:
4987:
4837:
3383:
1718:
1498:
1265:
849:
482:, the federal appellate court that hears appeals from federal district courts in Texas. Busby succeeds
5413:
5323:
5288:
5263:
5228:
5198:
4887:
4787:
4170:
Texas Secretary of State 2018 General Election - Unofficial Election Results as of 11/7/2018 2:53 PM
3939:
4471:
5418:
5318:
5208:
5168:
4251:
2937:
2891:
1626:
1419:
573:
became the first woman elected to the court in 1992 and served until 1998 when she was defeated by
3496:
5535:
5428:
5383:
5303:
5278:
5253:
5218:
5044:
4972:
4812:
3259:
534:
341:
4654:
5346:
5298:
5273:
5248:
5203:
5193:
5183:
5100:
4927:
4802:
4767:
4757:
2301:
2130:
1108:
1052:
1006:
950:
894:
841:
809:
785:
729:
673:
4141:
5462:
5433:
5408:
5338:
5293:
5233:
5178:
4827:
3766:
2255:
558:
554:
172:
4312:
5358:
5243:
5173:
4832:
4772:
4667:
4373:
4067:"Texas Chief Justice Nathan Hecht, others set to step down early after Prop 13's rejection"
3814:
3255:
2950:
2103:
1458:
684:
546:
526:
511:
483:
258:
3874:
3844:
3196:, all GOP candidates in statewide races won, including the four Supreme Court incumbents.
8:
5223:
5160:
5064:
2231:
961:
328:
298:
277:
3646:"Gov. Greg Abbott selects former appeals court judge Jane Bland for Texas Supreme Court"
318:
5403:
5238:
5059:
4658:
3483:
3251:
2527:
2490:
2340:
1927:
1445:
1136:
574:
565:
487:
402:
314:
310:
3266:
plaintiff lawyer and Ali Davari, owner of two strip clubs: Sexy City and Erotic Zone.
4172:
https://enrpages.sos.state.tx.us/public/nov06_331_state.htm?x=0&y=9589&id=472
3337:
courts. We will appeal this decision to the United States Supreme Court if necessary.
3213:
opportunity for the Governor to fill it with an already-vetted candidate of his own.
406:
4047:
3221:
unsuccessful, but a commission was formed to look at alternative selection methods.
3971:
2327:
2090:
2077:
1639:
1406:
3234:, in the Democratic sweep of the intermediate courts of appeals in November 2018.
4178:
3175:
2735:
2721:
2116:
1881:
1692:
1119:
905:
862:
753:
530:
448:
291:
179:
3796:
3329:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3087:
2964:
2064:
1941:
1665:
918:
697:
463:
452:
5564:
5131:
4902:
4659:
The Texas Reports, the decisions of the Texas Supreme Court from 1846 to 1885
4411:"Re-Election of Texas Supreme Court Justices in 2014 Is Critically Important"
3127:
3100:
2367:
2353:
1652:
1030:
561:, met for five months and ultimately ruled in favor of Woodmen of the World.
506:
The position of Chief Justice is designated Place 1 and is currently held by
491:
440:
401:
All members of the court are elected to six-year terms in statewide partisan
358:
294:
254:
144:
131:
115:
105:
73:
60:
3851:. Tarlton Law Library, The University of Texas at Austin. October 16, 2009.
3192:
Abbott. Although there was some speculation about Texas turning blue in the
393:
5028:
4622:
3247:
2514:
1472:
1208:
637:
570:
507:
225:
4344:"Lanier Law Firm funding challengers in Texas Supreme Court's GOP primary"
261:
cases, which are categorized as civil under the Texas Family Code) in the
2697:
2314:
1678:
1113:
1057:
1011:
955:
899:
537:
15 years later. All of the court's male justices recused themselves from
475:
418:
378:
366:
309:
By statute, the Texas Supreme Court has administrative control over the
41:
4636:
3471:
3274:
3113:
2541:
1158:
1076:
974:
790:
734:
678:
588:
581:
495:
467:
444:
436:
414:
377:
and a judge of a court of record together) for at least ten years. The
365:
To serve on the court, a candidate must be at least 35 years of age, a
332:
262:
4441:"Plaintiff Trial Lawyers Attempt to Distort Role of Judges and Juries"
3708:"Gov. Greg Abbott picks Rebeca Huddle for Texas Supreme Court vacancy"
3156:
3319:
3311:
3303:
4680:
4630:
4191:"Texas considers ending judicial elections as Democrats gain ground"
3554:"Senator scraps controversial bill to reduce Texas appellate courts"
304:
4538:"Mark Lanier's Faith Tested: He Loses Two Vioxx Appeals in One Day"
3584:"Governor Abbott Appoints Rebeca Huddle To The Texas Supreme Court"
550:
411:
4644:
210:
4112:"Republican judges swept out by voters in Harris County election"
3284:
3263:
388:
374:
5130:
3910:"An Unusual History of Women Serving on the Texas Supreme Court"
4662:
286:
The Texas Supreme Court was established in 1846 to replace the
4718:
3242:
266:
101:
1157:
Elected to Place 6 in 1988; appointed Chief Justice by Gov.
331:
in the United States in which the manner in which it denies
276:
The Court has its seat at the Supreme Court Building on the
3945:. Texas Office of Court Administration. September 1, 2019.
4604:(Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013). xxviii, 322 pp.
3615:"Texas Senate confirms Brett Busby for Supreme Court post"
27:
Highest court in the U.S. state of Texas for civil appeals
3281:
gave a devastating critique of the Texas Supreme Court.
3181:
1097:
1041:
995:
939:
883:
830:
774:
718:
662:
370:
3384:"Supreme Court Building on Map of Texas Capitol Complex"
3332:
responded to the appellate setbacks in a press release:
510:, the longest-serving member of the Court. He succeeded
352:
4602:
The Texas Supreme Court: A Narrative History, 1836–1986
1170:
Took office after being elected in a partisan election.
428:, all members of the Texas Supreme Court are currently
501:
373:
in Texas, and must have practiced law (or have been a
5070:
Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council
4415:
Texans for Lawsuit Reform: Political Action Committee
3302:
on behalf of a widow whose husband died after taking
1235:
458:
4612:
3294:
In the years preceding the Texas Judicial Election,
2983:
2754:
2571:
2386:
2149:
1971:
1711:
1491:
1258:
533:in 1910, was appointed Special Chief Justice of an
273:, is the court of last resort in criminal matters.
3262:, were recruited for the election and funded by a
859:
750:
1177:
915:
806:
694:
305:Regulation of the practice of law in Texas courts
5562:
4650:Texas Supreme Court History: Links to Resources
3998:"Texas Supreme Court Justice Eva Guzman resigns"
3812:
1148:Took office as Chief Justice on October 1, 2013.
1027:
2989:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section A
2760:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section A
2577:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section B
2392:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section A
2155:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section B
1977:Established in 1918 as Commissioner, Section B
634:
529:, who became the first woman to pass the Texas
421:, who is himself a former member of the court.
4753:Dept. of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services
4463:
4408:
4283:"Three Supreme Court Justices Face Challenges"
4252:"86(R) HB 3040 - Enrolled version - Bill Text"
389:Judicial selection: appointments and elections
5116:
4701:
4531:
4529:
4527:
3497:"TJB | SC | About the Court | Clerk's Office"
1073:
971:
5581:1840 establishments in the Republic of Texas
5536:"TJB - SC - About the Court - Court History"
4645:Official Website for the Texas Supreme Court
3157:Judicial Committee on Information Technology
322:
4366:
3150:
1242:List of justices of the Texas Supreme Court
5123:
5109:
4763:School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
4708:
4694:
4535:
4524:
3427:Tex. Gov't Code sections 81.061 and 82.021
1227:
1222:
1038:1973 or 1974 (age 50–51)
5571:State supreme courts of the United States
4566:
3813:Mauldin Cottrell, Debbie (June 9, 2010).
3455:
3453:
3451:
3322:caused the death of his client's spouse.
3310:suffered a second high-profile loss of a
4472:"Courts Reject Two Major Vioxx Verdicts"
4469:
392:
5586:Government agencies established in 1840
4823:Dept. of Family and Protective Services
4219:
4083:
4064:
3995:
3940:"Profile of Appellate and Trial Judges"
3767:"TJB | SC | About the Court | Justices"
3705:
3643:
3612:
3459:
2994:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
2765:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
2582:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
2397:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
2160:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
1982:Made a Supreme Court judgeship in 1945
14:
5563:
4868:Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs
4783:Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner
4681:Texas Supreme Court Historical Society
4280:
4262:from the original on December 23, 2019
4232:from the original on December 23, 2019
4201:from the original on December 24, 2019
4122:from the original on December 23, 2019
4109:
3777:from the original on December 23, 2019
3736:
3507:from the original on December 23, 2019
3448:
3182:Texas Supreme Court judicial elections
1246:
357:The Texas Supreme Court consists of a
288:Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas
5104:
4689:
4579:from the original on October 28, 2014
4567:Bachelder, Kate (February 26, 2014).
4548:from the original on October 29, 2014
4451:from the original on October 18, 2014
4421:from the original on October 28, 2014
4390:from the original on October 28, 2014
4341:
4335:
4323:from the original on October 28, 2014
4142:"Texas Supreme Court elections, 2018"
3907:
3761:
3759:
3718:from the original on October 26, 2020
3687:from the original on October 22, 2020
3674:
3656:from the original on October 11, 2019
3594:from the original on October 16, 2020
3578:
3576:
3574:
3551:
3525:
3318:failed to show that the ingestion of
521:
417:or by the current Governor of Texas,
353:Structure of the court and membership
5090:State Commission on Judicial Conduct
5075:Office of Capital and Forensic Writs
4848:Health and Human Services Commission
4502:"Opinion of May, 29, 2008 Withdrawn"
4433:
4313:"Texas Supreme Court Elections 2014"
4293:from the original on October 8, 2020
4152:from the original on January 3, 2019
4065:Cardona, Megan (November 10, 2023).
3825:from the original on January 3, 2018
2564:
1964:
1251:
327:The Texas Supreme Court is the only
4948:Residential Construction Commission
4858:Higher Education Coordinating Board
4798:Commission on Environmental Quality
4536:Longstreth, Andrew (May 29, 2008).
4512:from the original on March 28, 2018
4402:
4281:Rudner, Jordan (February 9, 2016).
3996:Pollock, Cassandra (June 7, 2021).
3920:from the original on March 16, 2012
3625:from the original on April 13, 2019
594:
502:Position designations and seniority
24:
5546:from the original on April 3, 2018
5150:Supreme Court of the United States
4675:Texas State Historical Association
4668:"Judiciary" (by Paul Womack) from
4594:
4569:"Stacking the Texas Supreme Court"
4354:from the original on March 6, 2015
4110:Rogers, Brian (November 8, 2018).
4084:Platoff, Emma (November 4, 2020).
3952:from the original on March 6, 2020
3845:"Hortense Sparks Ward (1875–1944)"
3756:
3706:Platoff, Emma (October 15, 2020).
3699:
3571:
3400:from the original on March 5, 2020
3194:November 3, 2020 general elections
1236:History of membership of the court
580:Following the recent departure of
459:Prior public service of incumbents
185:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
5597:
4953:Soil and Water Conservation Board
4898:Dept. of Licensing and Regulation
4608:
4342:Yates, David (January 27, 2014).
4023:"Orders pronounced June 11, 2021"
3889:from the original on July 7, 2013
3883:The University of Texas at Austin
3855:from the original on July 7, 2013
3737:Svitek, Patrick (June 14, 2021).
3644:Platoff, Emma (August 26, 2019).
3552:Perez, Elida S. (April 9, 2021).
3205:statewide races won comfortably.
4983:University of North Texas System
4843:Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority
4717:
4629:
4615:
4482:from the original on May 4, 2018
4372:
3875:"Ruby Kless Sondock (born 1926)"
3613:Platoff, Emma (March 20, 2019).
3171:juvenile, and criminal justice.
845:
518:, however, use the title Judge.
40:
5528:
5517:(federal and state, all levels)
4963:Texas A&M University System
4893:Library and Archives Commission
4560:
4494:
4470:Berenson, Alex (May 30, 2008).
4305:
4274:
4244:
4220:Platoff, Emma (July 15, 2019).
4213:
4183:
4164:
4134:
4103:
4077:
4058:
4040:
4015:
3989:
3964:
3932:
3914:The Supreme Court of Texas Blog
3901:
3867:
3837:
3806:
3789:
3730:
3668:
3637:
3606:
3545:
3526:Oxner, Reese (April 14, 2021).
3519:
3445:Tex. Gov't Code section 82.004.
3418:Tex. Gov't Code section 81.011.
1164:
1151:
1142:
1129:
435:The most recent appointees are
426:Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
369:of Texas, licensed to practice
297:in an office building near the
271:Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
4908:Lower Colorado River Authority
4873:Dept. of Information Resources
4853:Dept. of State Health Services
4778:Comptroller of Public Accounts
4445:TLR: Texans for Lawsuit Reform
3908:Cruse, Don (January 8, 2008).
3675:Oxner, Reese (July 22, 2020).
3489:
3477:
3439:
3436:Tex. Gov't Code section 82.001
3430:
3421:
3412:
3376:
3358:"Texas Supreme Court Advisory"
3350:
1178:Vacancy and pending nomination
535:all-female Texas Supreme Court
480:Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals
13:
1:
4993:Texas State University System
4743:Alcoholic Beverage Commission
3344:
1216:
257:for civil matters (including
5478:United States Virgin Islands
4998:Texas Tech University System
4978:University of Houston System
4883:Commission on Jail Standards
4670:The Handbook of Texas Online
4439:
4348:Legal Newsline Legal Journal
1226:
1221:
545:, a 1924 case involving the
397:Texas Supreme Court Building
7:
5515:Courts of the United States
5008:Juvenile Justice Department
4918:Dept. of Parks and Wildlife
4808:Employees Retirement System
4575:. The Wall Street Journal.
3972:"About the Court: Justices"
3879:Justices of Texas 1836–1986
3849:Justices of Texas 1836–1986
10:
5602:
5080:State Prosecuting Attorney
4988:University of Texas System
1719:Texas Constitution of 1876
1499:Texas Constitution of 1876
1266:Texas Constitution of 1876
1239:
280:grounds in Austin, Texas.
5507:
5486:
5442:
5159:
5139:
5055:Dept. of Criminal Justice
5050:Court of Criminal Appeals
5037:
5016:
4958:Teacher Retirement System
4793:Board of Dental Examiners
4730:
4381:Texans For Public Justice
4177:November 8, 2018, at the
3815:"All-Woman Supreme Court"
2993:
2988:
2764:
2759:
2581:
2576:
2396:
2391:
2159:
2154:
1981:
1976:
1716:
1496:
1263:
516:Court of Criminal Appeals
323:Unique procedural aspects
269:. A different court, the
239:
231:
221:
216:
206:
198:
190:
178:
168:
160:
121:
111:
97:
89:
55:
51:
46:Seal of the Supreme Court
39:
34:
5468:Northern Mariana Islands
5024:House of Representatives
4748:Animal Health Commission
4048:"Supreme Court Justices"
3270:Texas for Lawsuit Reform
3151:Supreme Court committees
1259:Chief Justice (Place 1)
5132:Highest judicial bodies
4973:Trinity River Authority
4968:Dept. of Transportation
4913:Dept. of Motor Vehicles
4663:Portal to Texas History
4506:www.search.txcourts.gov
3976:Fourth Court of Appeals
3881:. Tarlton Law Library,
3391:Texas Judiciary Website
3260:Texas Ethics Commission
3237:
3224:
3199:
3186:
3176:Justice Rebecca Simmons
1135:Under Article 5 of the
424:Like the judges on the
342:Texas Courts of Appeals
4943:Real Estate Commission
4933:Dept. of Public Safety
4838:Office of the Governor
4768:Brazos River Authority
4409:Trabulsi, Richard Jr.
4027:Supreme Court of Texas
3462:The Appellate Advocate
3339:
478:, who now sits on the
398:
251:Supreme Court of Texas
35:Supreme Court of Texas
4863:Historical Commission
4818:Facilities Commission
4052:Texas Judicial Branch
3334:
1213:Mandatory retirement
617:Mandatory retirement
559:Ruth Virginia Brazzil
555:Hattie Leah Henenberg
396:
173:Constitution of Texas
145:30.27583°N 97.74111°W
74:30.27583°N 97.74111°W
5458:District of Columbia
5161:State supreme courts
5134:in the United States
5003:Workforce Commission
4738:Dept. of Agriculture
4724:Texas state agencies
4197:. November 6, 2019.
3885:. October 16, 2009.
3797:"Texas Constitution"
547:Woodmen of the World
527:Hortense Sparks Ward
512:Wallace B. Jefferson
333:discretionary review
259:juvenile delinquency
255:court of last resort
4938:Railroad Commission
4888:General Land Office
4788:School for the Deaf
3364:on January 25, 2010
1717:Established by the
1497:Established by the
1264:Established by the
1247:Succession of seats
1200:Date of nomination
474:Blacklock replaced
329:state supreme court
299:Texas State Capitol
199:Number of positions
150:30.27583; -97.74111
141: /
79:30.27583; -97.74111
70: /
18:Texas Supreme Court
5576:Texas state courts
5499:Philippine Islands
4923:Preservation Board
4903:Lottery Commission
4878:Dept. of Insurance
4573:Parker County Blog
4476:New York Times.com
3819:www.tshaonline.org
3252:Justice Jeff Brown
1219:December 31, 2024
1188:Seat last held by
1137:Texas Constitution
1091:September 14, 1976
685:Southern Methodist
620:Party affiliation
566:Ruby Kless Sondock
564:On July 25, 1982,
522:Women on the court
399:
379:Clerk of the Court
315:State Bar of Texas
311:State Bar of Texas
194:6 years; renewable
161:Composition method
5524:
5523:
5494:Panama Canal Zone
5098:
5097:
5085:State Law Library
5045:Courts of Appeals
4813:Ethics Commission
4287:The Texas Tribune
4256:capitol.texas.gov
4226:The Texas Tribune
4116:Houston Chronicle
4090:The Texas Tribune
4002:The Texas Tribune
3743:The Texas Tribune
3712:The Texas Tribune
3681:The Texas Tribune
3650:The Texas Tribune
3619:The Texas Tribune
3532:The Texas Tribune
3486:, Art. 5, Sec. 2.
3287:plaintiff lawyer
3232:Richard Hightower
3147:
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1098:November 10, 2021
996:September 4, 2019
940:February 21, 2019
712:November 16, 1956
407:Governor of Texas
247:
246:
243:December 31, 2026
191:Judge term length
164:Partisan Election
93:February 19, 1846
16:(Redirected from
5593:
5556:
5555:
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5551:
5540:www.txcourts.gov
5532:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5102:
5101:
4928:Space Commission
4803:Education Agency
4758:Attorney General
4722:
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4687:
4686:
4661:, hosted by the
4639:
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4600:Haley, James L.
4589:
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4542:The AM Law Daily
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3771:www.txcourts.gov
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3501:www.txcourts.gov
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3369:
3360:. Archived from
3354:
3279:Justice for Sale
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2147:
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1968:
1965:
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1194:Date of vacancy
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1155:
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1043:
1042:October 30, 2020
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776:
775:December 3, 2012
771:
768:December 2, 1961
767:
765:
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711:
709:
702:
701:
700:
664:
659:
655:
653:
642:
641:
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599:
598:
595:Current justices
240:Jurist term ends
211:Official website
156:
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5482:
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5155:
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5129:
5099:
5094:
5033:
5012:
4828:Film Commission
4726:
4716:
4714:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4597:
4595:Further reading
4592:
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4188:
4184:
4179:Wayback Machine
4169:
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3558:El Paso Matters
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3347:
3300:Merck & Co.
3240:
3227:
3202:
3189:
3184:
3153:
3148:
2562:
1962:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1191:Vacancy reason
1180:
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972:
934:
928:
926:
917:
916:
884:January 2, 2018
878:
877:August 28, 1980
872:
870:
863:Jimmy Blacklock
861:
860:
831:January 1, 2013
825:
824:October 3, 1958
819:
817:
808:
807:
769:
763:
761:
754:Jeffrey S. Boyd
752:
751:
713:
707:
705:
696:
695:
663:January 1, 1989
657:
656:August 15, 1949
651:
649:
636:
635:
597:
575:Harriet O'Neill
524:
504:
461:
449:Jimmy Blacklock
391:
355:
325:
307:
235:October 1, 2013
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5453:American Samoa
5449:
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5446:supreme courts
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5374:South Carolina
5371:
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5329:North Carolina
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5141:Federal courts
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4833:Forest Service
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4773:State Cemetery
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4609:External links
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3470:Available via
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2707:
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2700:
2694:
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2679:
2676:
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2671:
2668:
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2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
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2617:
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2613:
2610:
2606:
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2599:
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2500:
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2298:
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2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
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2258:
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2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
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2151:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1906:
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1898:
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1800:
1797:
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1600:
1597:
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1524:
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1513:
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1509:
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1502:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1486:
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1482:
1479:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1240:Main article:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1150:
1141:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1082:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
993:
980:
969:
965:
964:
959:
953:
948:
945:
942:
937:
933:April 12, 1973
924:
919:J. Brett Busby
913:
909:
908:
903:
897:
892:
889:
886:
881:
868:
857:
853:
852:
847:
844:
839:
836:
833:
828:
815:
810:John P. Devine
804:
800:
799:
794:
788:
783:
780:
777:
772:
759:
748:
744:
743:
738:
732:
727:
724:
721:
716:
703:
698:Debra Lehrmann
692:
688:
687:
682:
676:
671:
668:
665:
660:
647:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
596:
593:
523:
520:
503:
500:
460:
457:
390:
387:
354:
351:
324:
321:
306:
303:
290:. It meets in
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
125:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5598:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:Complete list
5506:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5424:West Virginia
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:New Hampshire
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Massachusetts
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Supreme Court
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4711:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4613:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3798:
3792:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3588:gov.texas.gov
3585:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:Sixty Minutes
3271:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3235:
3233:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3197:
3195:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3143:
3136:2021–present
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2973:2019–present
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2744:2012–present
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2550:2019–present
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2376:2020–present
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
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3362:the original
3352:
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3256:Phil Johnson
3254:and Justice
3248:Nathan Hecht
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1940:
1760:S. Robertson
1691:
1640:T. Robertson
1471:
1209:Nathan Hecht
1166:
1153:
1144:
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989:June 1, 1965
644:
638:Nathan Hecht
586:
579:
571:Rose Spector
563:
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508:Nathan Hecht
505:
484:Phil Johnson
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226:Nathan Hecht
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4327:October 28,
4146:Ballotpedia
3722:October 30,
3691:October 30,
3660:October 10,
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3511:October 30,
3484:Tex. Const.
3368:January 13,
3289:Mark Lanier
2869:H. Phillips
1571:N. Phillips
1340:N. Phillips
1161:(R) in 2013
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1109:Republican
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1077:Evan Young
1053:Republican
1007:Republican
985:1965-06-01
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951:Republican
929:1973-04-12
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873:1980-08-28
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820:1958-10-03
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791:Rick Perry
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764:1961-12-02
735:Rick Perry
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708:1956-11-16
679:Rick Perry
674:Republican
652:1949-08-15
614:Term ends
589:Eva Guzman
582:Eva Guzman
496:Ken Paxton
492:Paul Green
488:Jeff Brown
468:Jane Bland
445:Jane Bland
437:Evan Young
415:Rick Perry
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180:Appeals to
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65:97°44′28″W
62:30°16′33″N
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4731:Executive
4071:KERA News
3629:April 13,
3306:. After
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2710:Hankinson
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2328:Rodriguez
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2770:Sonfield
2755:Place 8
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1972:Place 4
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1882:Steakley
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1726:G. Moore
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2244:Norvell
2042:Doughty
2020:Smedley
1928:O'Neill
1916:Spector
1894:Wallace
1870:Calvert
1848:Simpson
1826:Pierson
1815:Hawkins
1804:Bibrell
1679:Willett
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1351:Cureton
1307:Stayton
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367:citizen
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232:Since
102:Texas
5552:2018
5463:Guam
5404:Utah
5339:Ohio
5239:Iowa
4585:2014
4554:2014
4518:2018
4488:2014
4457:2014
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4396:2014
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4329:2014
4299:2019
4268:2019
4238:2019
4207:2019
4158:2019
4128:2019
4097:2020
4034:2021
4009:2021
3983:2021
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3783:2019
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3693:2020
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