1125:
24:
1101:
1113:
1137:
17:
217:
version labeled SN76489N) and the SN76489A (Narrow DIP version labeled SN76489AN). The former was made around 1980–1982 and the latter from 1983 onward. They differ in that the output of the SN76489 is the inverse of the expected waveform (the waveform "grows" towards 0 V from 2.5 V), while
195:
Each channel's frequency is arrived at by dividing the external clock by 4 (or 32 depending on the chip variant), and then dividing the result by N. Thus the overall divider range is from 4 to 4096 (or 32 to 32768). At maximum clock input rate, this gives a frequency range of 122 Hz to
156:
computer, where it was first called the TMS9919 and later SN94624, and had a 500 kHz max clock input rate. Later, when it was sold outside of TI, it was renamed the SN76489, and a divide-by-8 was added to its clock input, increasing the max clock input rate to
204:
The pseudorandom noise feedback is generated from an XNOR of bits 12 and 13 for feedback, with bit 13 being the noise output. The pseudorandom generator is cleared to 0s (with the feedback bit set to 1) on writes to chip register 6, the noise mode register.
196:
125 kHz. Or typically 108 Hz to 111.6 kHz, with an NTSC colorburst (~3.58 MHz) clock input – a range from roughly A2 (two octaves below middle A) to 5–6 times the generally accepted limits of human audio perception.
310:
game consoles. These modified sound chips were incorporated into the systems' video display processor (VDP). Although basic functionality is almost identical to that of the original SN76489A, a few small differences exist:
321:
The periodic noise is 16 stages long rather than 15; this makes a significant difference for music/programs which use periodic noise, as sounds will play at 6.25% lower pitch than on the TI-made chips.
355:
221:
The SN76496 seems to be totally identical to the SN76489A in terms of the outputs produced, but features an "AUDIO IN" pin (on pin 9) for integrated audio mixing.
552:
318:
The Game Gear's version includes an additional flag register that designates which speaker(s) each audio channel are output (left, right, or both).
640:
808:
168:
and clocking the sound chip. A version of the chip without the divide-by-8 input was also sold outside of TI as the SN76494, which has a
485:
500:
495:
490:
506:
330:
746:
329:
computer. Later Tandy 1000 machines (notably the SL, TL and RL series) integrated the SN76496's functionality into the PSSJ
1162:
728:
378:
692:
801:
637:
993:
891:
589:– used a clone integrated into its VDP that has an additional speaker-output register for simple stereo support
1078:
520:
103:
47:
999:
951:
794:
43:
1091:
933:
184:
of the square waves produced by the tone generators on each channel is derived from two factors:
843:
709:
1068:
771:
409:
385:
1157:
1016:
987:
921:
579:
214:
30:
8:
975:
903:
879:
1117:
1105:
855:
662:
401:
690:
927:
657:
455:
63:
51:
776:
969:
945:
479:
448:
27:
Pinout of the standard Texas
Instruments SN76489 chip. The packaging is a standard
754:
631:– early systems used SN76496 or NCR 8496, later systems integrated into PSSJ ASIC
963:
915:
574:
781:
523:– Apple II add-on card, used three chips for a total of nine voices plus noise
1151:
1046:
873:
867:
831:
599:
299:
91:
67:
1141:
1129:
1040:
909:
885:
861:
617:
595:– used a clone, SEGA PSG, integrated into its VDP as a secondary sound chip
592:
569:
546:
526:
441:
307:
79:
59:
55:
1034:
1028:
1022:
558:
541:
417:
191:
A 10-bit value provided in a control register for that channel (called N)
132:
114:
729:"SN76494, SN76494A, SN76496, SN76496A programmable tone/noise generator"
153:
1063:
817:
652:
628:
531:
472:
369:
326:
165:
99:
87:
939:
897:
605:
586:
536:
303:
298:
game console and SC-3000 computer, but used SN76489A clones in their
181:
95:
75:
1124:
23:
1100:
981:
957:
646:
563:
83:
71:
837:
786:
623:
611:
393:
295:
1136:
427:
362:
315:
The randomness for the noise channel is generated differently.
849:
582:- used a T6W28 SN76489-like clone that supports stereo output
434:
348:
16:
777:
SN76489 on the Video Game Music
Preservation Foundation wiki
691:
Engineering staff of Texas
Instruments Semiconductor Group.
1073:
465:
291:
162:
325:
Another clone is the NCR 8496, used in some models of the
634:
SN76489 ISA Soundboard – Hobbyist
Soundcard for IBM XT/PC
503:(based on the Master System and uses SEGA PSG clone chip)
397:(uses 2 of a functionally-identical part labeled U8106)
54:. Its main application was the generation of music and
152:
The SN76489 was originally designed to be used in the
1089:
213:
There are two versions of the SN76489: the SN76489 (
459:(uses a functionally-identical part labeled Y2404)
351:with three of the functionally identical SN76496:
602:– used a clone, SEGA PSG, integrated into its VDP
1149:
802:
42:Digital Complex Sound Generator (DCSG) is a
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
377:These games share a common board design by
347:These games share a common board design by
161:, to facilitate sharing a crystal for both
809:
795:
721:
675:
286:
22:
15:
738:
218:the SN76489A waveform is not inverted.
1150:
790:
744:
341:
643:– Prototype Soundcard for IBM XT/PC
379:Universal Entertainment Corporation
294:used real SN76489AN chips in their
13:
816:
199:
175:
14:
1174:
765:
208:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
514:
188:The speed of the external clock
994:Environmental Audio Extensions
702:
102:), competing with the similar
1:
668:
1079:Comparison of MIDI standards
104:General Instrument AY-3-8910
48:programmable sound generator
7:
1000:Intel High Definition Audio
952:Aureal Semiconductor Vortex
734:. Texas Instruments. 1989 .
649:– used the original TMS9919
147:
120:A wide range of frequencies
10:
1179:
1163:Texas Instruments hardware
982:Terratec Audiosystem EWS64
772:SN76489 Sound Chip Details
141:16 different volume levels
123:16 different volume levels
1056:
1009:
934:Ensoniq Soundscape S-2000
824:
825:IBM compatible standards
745:Maxim (April 27, 2005).
336:
782:SN76489 on SMSPower.org
356:Baluba-Louk No Densetsu
225:SN76489 product family
138:3 different frequencies
844:IBM Music Feature Card
172:max clock input rate.
35:
20:
287:Clones and successors
26:
19:
988:General MIDI Level 2
922:Windows Sound System
717:. Texas Instruments.
620:– used the SN76489AN
614:– used the SN76489AN
580:Neo Geo Pocket Color
566:– used the SN76489AN
555:- used the SN76489AN
549:– used the SN76489AN
521:ALF's Music Card MC1
976:Sound Blaster Live!
904:Roland Sound Canvas
274:SN76496 / SN76496A
263:SN76494 / SN76494A
252:SN76489 / SN76489A
226:
711:SN76489AN - Manual
663:VTech CreatiVision
410:Mr. Do's Wild Ride
342:Arcade video games
241:TMS9919 / SN94624
224:
128:1 noise generator
64:arcade video games
36:
21:
1087:
1086:
928:Gravis Ultrasound
892:Pro AudioSpectrum
658:Toshiba Pasopia 7
553:EPSON QX-11/QC-11
284:
283:
52:Texas Instruments
1170:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1103:
1095:
970:Ensoniq AudioPCI
946:Aztech WaveRider
811:
804:
797:
788:
787:
759:
758:
757:on May 17, 2006.
753:. Archived from
742:
736:
735:
733:
725:
719:
718:
716:
706:
700:
699:
697:
688:
641:Tandy Soundboard
480:Super Locomotive
227:
223:
171:
160:
117:tone generators
33:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1052:
1010:Other standards
1005:
820:
815:
768:
763:
762:
747:"SN76489 notes"
743:
739:
731:
727:
726:
722:
714:
708:
707:
703:
695:
689:
676:
671:
517:
402:Mr. Do's Castle
344:
339:
289:
211:
202:
200:Noise Generator
178:
176:Tone Generators
169:
158:
150:
28:
12:
11:
5:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
964:ESS AudioDrive
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
916:TBC Multisound
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
828:
826:
822:
821:
818:PC sound cards
814:
813:
806:
799:
791:
785:
784:
779:
774:
767:
766:External links
764:
761:
760:
737:
720:
701:
673:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
635:
632:
626:
621:
615:
608:
603:
596:
590:
583:
577:
575:Neo Geo Pocket
572:
567:
561:
556:
550:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
498:
493:
488:
486:Sega Mega-Tech
483:
476:
462:
461:
460:
456:Time Pilot '84
452:
445:
438:
424:
423:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
375:
374:
373:
366:
359:
343:
340:
338:
335:
323:
322:
319:
316:
288:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
253:
249:
248:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
231:
210:
209:Product family
207:
201:
198:
193:
192:
189:
177:
174:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
139:
136:
126:
125:
124:
121:
68:home computers
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1175:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:Sound Blaster
872:
869:
868:Roland LAPC-I
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:Tandy 3-Voice
830:
829:
827:
823:
819:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
792:
789:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
756:
752:
748:
741:
730:
724:
713:
712:
705:
694:
693:"SN 76489 AN"
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
674:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
609:
607:
604:
601:
600:Master System
597:
594:
591:
588:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
565:
562:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
515:Home hardware
508:
505:
502:
501:Sega System E
499:
497:
496:Sega System 2
494:
492:
491:Sega System 1
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:
477:
475:
474:
470:
469:
467:
463:
458:
457:
453:
451:
450:
449:Rush'n Attack
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
431:
429:
425:
420:
419:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
380:
376:
372:
371:
367:
365:
364:
360:
358:
357:
353:
352:
350:
346:
345:
334:
332:
328:
320:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
305:
301:
300:Master System
297:
293:
279:
276:
273:
272:
268:
266:500 kHz
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
251:
250:
246:
244:500 kHz
243:
240:
239:
235:
232:
230:Chip variant
229:
228:
222:
219:
216:
206:
197:
190:
187:
186:
185:
183:
173:
167:
164:
155:
140:
137:
135:and periodic)
134:
130:
129:
127:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
111:
110:
109:It contains:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Master System
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:game consoles
57:
56:sound effects
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
25:
18:
1069:Wave Blaster
910:Roland SC-55
886:General MIDI
862:Roland MT-32
755:the original
750:
740:
723:
710:
704:
618:Sharp MZ-800
593:Sega Genesis
570:Memotech MTX
547:ColecoVision
527:Bandai RX-78
478:
471:
454:
447:
442:Road Fighter
440:
433:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
368:
361:
354:
324:
308:Sega Genesis
290:
220:
212:
203:
194:
179:
151:
108:
80:ColecoVision
46:-compatible
39:
37:
1158:Sound chips
1118:Video games
1106:Electronics
559:Geneve 9640
542:Coleco Adam
507:Sega Zaxxon
418:Do! Run Run
277:4 MHz
255:4 MHz
233:Freq (max)
133:white noise
115:square wave
1152:Categories
1064:PC speaker
751:SMS Power!
669:References
653:Tomy Tutor
629:Tandy 1000
532:BBC Master
473:Bank Panic
370:Star Force
327:Tandy 1000
215:Narrow DIP
166:colorburst
100:Tandy 1000
88:Tomy Tutor
50:chip from
1047:MSX-Music
1041:MSX-Audio
940:Yamaha XG
898:Roland GS
606:Sega Pico
587:Game Gear
537:BBC Micro
304:Game Gear
236:Audio in
182:frequency
131:2 types (
96:Game Gear
76:BBC Micro
880:SSI-2001
647:TI-99/4A
564:IBM PCjr
421:(uses 4)
413:(uses 4)
405:(uses 4)
389:(uses 2)
386:Lady Bug
148:Overview
84:IBM PCjr
72:TI-99/4A
1092:Portals
1057:Related
838:MPU-401
638:Lo-Tech
624:Sord M5
612:SG-1000
394:Mr. Do!
296:SG-1000
170:500 kHz
154:TI-99/4
40:SN76489
29:16-pin
1049:(1987)
1043:(1984)
1037:(1984)
1031:(1984)
1029:SFG-02
1025:(1983)
1023:SFG-01
1019:(1978)
1002:(2004)
996:(2001)
990:(1999)
984:(1998)
978:(1998)
972:(1997)
966:(1997)
960:(1997)
954:(1997)
948:(1995)
942:(1994)
936:(1994)
930:(1992)
924:(1992)
918:(1991)
912:(1991)
906:(1991)
900:(1991)
894:(1991)
888:(1991)
882:(1989)
876:(1989)
870:(1989)
864:(1987)
858:(1987)
852:(1987)
846:(1987)
840:(1984)
834:(1983)
428:Konami
363:Senjyo
349:Tehkan
306:, and
66:, and
1142:1990s
1130:1980s
1035:Tandy
958:AC'97
856:Covox
850:AdLib
732:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
696:(PDF)
610:Sega
598:Sega
585:Sega
464:From
435:Mikie
426:From
337:Usage
159:4 MHz
1074:MIDI
466:Sega
331:ASIC
292:Sega
280:Yes
269:Yes
180:The
163:NTSC
38:The
1017:MML
258:No
247:No
58:in
44:TTL
31:DIP
1154::
749:.
677:^
468::
430::
381::
333:.
302:,
113:3
106:.
98:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
62:,
1094::
810:e
803:t
796:v
698:.
70:(
34:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
