120:
33:
158:
would be deposits formed before a historically dateable event, such as building foundations that were partly demolished to make way for the construction of a city wall. If it is known that the wall was finished in 650, then the foundations must have been demolished in 650 or earlier; all that can be
110:
These terms are often used in archaeological and historical studies, such as dating layers in excavated sites, coins, historical events, authors, inscriptions or texts where the exact dates may not be known or may be in dispute.
194:
by not implying the event necessarily took place. 'Event E happened after time T' implies E occurred, whereas 'event E did not happen before time T' leaves open the possibility that E never occurred at all.
174:
for example), references to reigning monarchs or office-holders, or a placing relative to any other events whose date is securely known. In a modern context, dated images, such as those available in
147:
for the burial would be the latest date established with certainty: in this case, 1595. A secure dating of an older coin to an earlier date would not shift the
143:
For example, consider an archaeological find of a burial that contains coins dating to 1588, 1595, and others less securely dated to 1590–1625. The
91:, in which case the limits of the possible range of dates are known at both ends, but many events have just one or the other. Similarly, a
897:
573:
119:
48:: for the coins to have been placed inside, the casket was necessarily consecrated after the beginning of the reign of Azes II.
310:
280:
250:
344:
691:
17:
892:
488:
1189:
528:
938:
686:
681:
871:
741:
1081:
1061:
1071:
1043:
876:
655:
97:'limit to which' is the latest possible date of a non-punctual event (period, era, etc.), whereas a
1138:
337:
302:
Encountering the
Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism
1194:
1076:
1026:
813:
660:
976:
777:
523:
422:
104:
578:
216:
32:
1011:
952:
928:
923:
8:
1038:
933:
851:
841:
616:
533:
513:
503:
330:
132:
124:
1143:
1021:
1006:
991:
913:
712:
676:
478:
128:
971:
767:
762:
606:
442:
306:
276:
246:
79:
is the earliest date the event may have happened or the item was in existence, and a
1168:
1117:
1033:
981:
757:
735:
601:
498:
199:
1101:
1066:
1053:
1016:
963:
821:
716:
650:
611:
448:
300:
270:
221:
211:
202:, sometimes the phrases "no earlier than" / "no later than" (NET/NLT) are used.
1001:
799:
787:
731:
726:
720:
645:
568:
493:
243:
The archaeology coursebook: an introduction to study skills, topics and methods
41:
1183:
918:
836:
831:
782:
772:
412:
166:
are known dates of death or travel by persons involved, a particular form of
996:
794:
508:
483:
468:
434:
394:
175:
696:
593:
555:
538:
473:
454:
387:
367:
103:'limit from which' is the earliest. The concepts are similar to those of
463:
458:
353:
1153:
1133:
866:
826:
563:
372:
171:
1148:
986:
630:
543:
167:
159:
said from the evidence is that it happened before the known event.
1158:
382:
377:
37:
131:
of Ahiram is the earliest known example of the fully developed
583:
322:
517:
399:
72:) specify the known limits of dating for events or items.
417:
898:
Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
240:
1181:
245:(2 ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 90,
241:Grant, Jim; Gorin, Sam; Fleming, Neil (2005),
162:Other examples of things that may establish a
139:of the transmission of the alphabet to Europe.
83:is the latest. An event may well have both a
338:
58:('limit after which', sometimes abbreviated
305:. Broadman & Holman. pp. 104–106.
345:
331:
294:
292:
893:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
264:
262:
234:
118:
31:
298:
272:Techniques of Archaeological Excavation
135:. For some scholars, it represents the
14:
1182:
289:
268:
326:
259:
27:Earliest date possible for something
68:('limit before which', abbreviated
24:
692:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
25:
1206:
181:
574:English and British regnal year
154:An archaeological example of a
352:
275:. Batsford. pp. 224–226.
13:
1:
687:Old Style and New Style dates
227:
639:Pre-Julian / Julian
7:
872:Geological history of Earth
742:Astronomical year numbering
205:
10:
1211:
114:
1126:
1110:
1094:
1052:
1044:Thermoluminescence dating
962:
951:
939:Samarium–neodymium dating
906:
885:
859:
850:
812:
750:
705:
669:
638:
629:
592:
554:
433:
408:
360:
178:, may establish termini.
758:Chinese sexagenary cycle
1190:Latin words and phrases
972:Amino acid racemisation
170:that can be dated (see
977:Archaeomagnetic dating
489:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
299:Comfort, P.W. (2005).
188:terminus ante quem non
140:
125:Phoenician inscription
105:upper and lower bounds
49:
877:Geological time units
217:List of Latin phrases
122:
35:
929:Law of superposition
924:Isotope geochemistry
1062:Fluorine absorption
1039:Luminescence dating
934:Luminescence dating
842:Milankovitch cycles
682:Proleptic Gregorian
514:Hindu units of time
269:Barker, P. (1993).
133:Phoenician alphabet
1164:Terminus post quem
1144:Synchronoptic view
1111:Linguistic methods
1072:Obsidian hydration
1007:Radiometric dating
992:Incremental dating
914:Chronostratigraphy
192:terminus post quem
156:terminus ante quem
149:terminus post quem
145:terminus post quem
141:
137:terminus post quem
89:terminus ante quem
85:terminus post quem
81:terminus ante quem
77:terminus post quem
65:terminus ante quem
55:terminus post quem
50:
46:terminus post quem
18:Terminus ante quem
1177:
1176:
1090:
1089:
947:
946:
808:
807:
763:Geologic Calendar
625:
624:
312:978-0-8054-3145-2
282:978-0-7134-7169-4
252:978-0-415-36077-7
40:found inside the
16:(Redirected from
1202:
1169:ASPRO chronology
1118:Glottochronology
1034:Tephrochronology
982:Dendrochronology
960:
959:
857:
856:
656:Proleptic Julian
646:Pre-Julian Roman
636:
635:
431:
430:
347:
340:
333:
324:
323:
317:
316:
296:
287:
286:
266:
257:
255:
238:
200:project planning
107:in mathematics.
94:terminus ad quem
21:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1122:
1106:
1102:Molecular clock
1095:Genetic methods
1086:
1067:Nitrogen dating
1054:Relative dating
1048:
1017:Potassium–argon
964:Absolute dating
954:
943:
902:
881:
846:
822:Cosmic Calendar
814:Astronomic time
804:
746:
701:
665:
651:Original Julian
621:
588:
550:
449:Ab urbe condita
427:
404:
356:
351:
321:
320:
313:
297:
290:
283:
267:
260:
253:
239:
235:
230:
222:Relative dating
212:Interval (time)
208:
190:differs from a
184:
117:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1195:Dating methods
1192:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:New Chronology
1136:
1130:
1128:
1127:Related topics
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1004:
1002:Paleomagnetism
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
966:
957:
949:
948:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
908:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
863:
861:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
810:
809:
806:
805:
803:
802:
800:New Earth Time
797:
792:
791:
790:
785:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
752:
748:
747:
745:
744:
739:
729:
724:
709:
707:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
667:
666:
664:
663:
661:Revised Julian
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
633:
627:
626:
623:
622:
620:
619:
614:
609:
604:
598:
596:
590:
589:
587:
586:
581:
579:Lists of kings
576:
571:
569:Canon of Kings
566:
560:
558:
552:
551:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
521:
511:
506:
501:
496:
494:Before present
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
452:
445:
439:
437:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
409:
406:
405:
403:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
380:
375:
370:
364:
362:
358:
357:
350:
349:
342:
335:
327:
319:
318:
311:
288:
281:
258:
251:
232:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
207:
204:
183:
180:
116:
113:
100:terminus a quo
42:Bimaran casket
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1207:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
961:
958:
956:
953:Chronological
950:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:Geochronology
917:
915:
912:
911:
909:
905:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
855:
853:
852:Geologic time
849:
843:
840:
838:
837:Metonic cycle
835:
833:
832:Galactic year
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
815:
811:
801:
798:
796:
793:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
773:ISO week date
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
753:
749:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
728:
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:
710:
708:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
668:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
637:
634:
632:
628:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
559:
557:
553:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
519:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Byzantine era
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
456:
453:
451:
450:
446:
444:
441:
440:
438:
436:
435:Calendar eras
432:
429:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
359:
355:
348:
343:
341:
336:
334:
329:
328:
325:
314:
308:
304:
303:
295:
293:
284:
278:
274:
273:
265:
263:
254:
248:
244:
237:
233:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
203:
201:
196:
193:
189:
182:Related terms
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
157:
152:
150:
146:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
112:
108:
106:
102:
101:
96:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
47:
43:
39:
36:The coins of
34:
30:
19:
1163:
1082:Stratigraphy
1027:Uranium–lead
997:Lichenometry
795:Winter count
778:Mesoamerican
706:Astronomical
524:Mesoamerican
509:Sothic cycle
484:Seleucid era
469:Bosporan era
457: /
447:
395:Paleontology
301:
271:
242:
236:
197:
191:
187:
185:
176:Google Earth
163:
161:
155:
153:
148:
144:
142:
136:
109:
99:
98:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
69:
64:
63:
59:
54:
53:
51:
45:
29:
1022:Radiocarbon
697:Dual dating
556:Regnal year
534:Short Count
474:Bostran era
455:Anno Domini
388:Big History
368:Archaeology
129:sarcophagus
1184:Categories
617:Vietnamese
529:Long Count
464:Anno Mundi
459:Common Era
361:Key topics
354:Chronology
228:References
44:provide a
1154:Year zero
1134:Chronicle
1077:Seriation
1012:Lead–lead
886:Standards
867:Deep time
827:Ephemeris
713:Lunisolar
677:Gregorian
670:Gregorian
631:Calendars
594:Era names
564:Anka year
443:Human Era
373:Astronomy
172:pastiglia
1149:Timeline
987:Ice core
860:Concepts
607:Japanese
539:Tzolk'in
504:Egyptian
206:See also
168:heraldry
164:terminus
1159:Floruit
907:Methods
768:Iranian
736:Islamic
602:Chinese
413:Periods
383:History
378:Geology
127:on the
115:Example
38:Azes II
955:dating
751:Others
717:Hebrew
612:Korean
423:Epochs
309:
279:
249:
87:and a
62:) and
788:Aztec
732:Lunar
727:Solar
721:Hindu
584:Limmu
544:Haab'
499:Hijri
783:Maya
518:Yuga
418:Eras
400:Time
307:ISBN
277:ISBN
247:ISBN
123:The
198:In
70:TAQ
60:TPQ
1186::
719:,
291:^
261:^
186:A
151:.
75:A
52:A
738:)
734:(
723:)
715:(
520:)
516:(
346:e
339:t
332:v
315:.
285:.
256:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
