21:
52:
1593:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}}
112:
2033:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many
2083:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal
2143:
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in
Knowledge or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
337:
Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full
4379:
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
1901:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important
Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b
2909:
to make the anchor. (As of
November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad
2941:
Article text.{{sfn |Big
Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}
4315:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}
364:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2020 | title = Smith's Book }}
202:
There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is
2988:
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}
1534:
Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see
2550:
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both
6553:
This template creates a short author–date citation in a footnote. It allows you to link inline citation using
Harvard citations (a form of short citations using parenthetical references) to their corresponding full bibliographic
5004:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
2735:
Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}
1396:
Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}
3666:
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
4784:
since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as
Knowledge documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal
4894:
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom
2574:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important
Journal
2623:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important
Journal }}
1465:
Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}
210:
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See
6254:
5826:
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
4804:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}
4934:
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von
Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
5991:
can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.
5815:
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
1546:
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example
2897:
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the
2834:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}
3547:
error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding
3213:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with
6345:
6340:
6726:
Page number in source, if the relevant information is on one page (use the «pp» parameter for multiple pages, and the «loc» parameter for other location data)
880:
is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use
1357:
can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is
3647:
2559:
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
3514:
681:
6335:
900:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter
168:
in a footnote, with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. It will combine identical footnotes automatically.
5705:
5422:
3599:
3582:
3475:
3332:
2819:
to create an anchor for the
Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
7029:
6173:
3654:
given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in
6512:
4774:
with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the
3821:
4494:
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}
6130:
5916:
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
990:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
1554:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as
6406:
4236:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
6975:
1981:
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both
7019:
3257:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations.
1989:
published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
139:
4685:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}}
6391:
6259:
4300:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
3768:
3623:
6185:
4220:
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of
3085:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time
6986:
6163:
3882:
954:
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
6350:
6297:
6971:
6003:
4771:
3689:
6959:
6396:
4055:
3794:
36:
2901:
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use
192:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source.
6495:
6221:
6123:
135:
3073:
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with
6264:
4476:
4462:
4548:
3201:
from a Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
6998:
6955:
3385:
appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add
32:
688:
can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters
6941:
6401:
4263:
3525:
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like
3373:
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate
165:
6477:
59:
6536:
6330:
6317:
6158:
6116:
3742:
4919:
making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)
6249:
3313:
2812:
7014:
6269:
3578:
1536:
1044:
has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more
6654:
Year for citations with two authors, or last name of third author for citations with three or more authors
6528:
3290:
The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).
7024:
6307:
6211:
3420:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above.
3216:
6625:
Year for citations with one author, or last name of second author for citations with two or more authors
2068:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".
277:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation
6355:
6168:
4877:
3847:
3536:
3101:
is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.
40:
5410:
in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
2005:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the
1723:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the
6284:
6216:
6201:
3715:
6677:
Year for citations with three authors, or last name of fourth author for citations with four authors
3574:
3264:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations.
77:. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the
6302:
6231:
6180:
4285:
4267:
1101:
181:
129:
6082:
4562:
3650:
associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the
6153:
6139:
4780:
3562:
839:
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See
664:
can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use
6981:
6532:
6524:
3555:
3401:
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use
3388:
3376:
3368:
1986:
74:
70:
5999:
5704:
This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at
3565:
and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.
6371:
6244:
6239:
5440:
5432:
5428:
5415:
5348:
4204:
3631:
3247:
3074:
2118:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".
1870:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given:
1768:
3197:
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted
6966:
5772:
5407:
1540:
66:
65:
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's
8:
6376:
5749:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
5436:
5113:
5086:
3777:
2690:
2678:
6034:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with
5841:
and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
4014:
939:
can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.
97:
6425:
6386:
6075:
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.
5956:
5943:
5764:
5105:
5078:
4027:
3830:
3655:
3613:
1557:
444:
The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from
88:
5837:
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
4611:
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
4001:
3982:
3591:
6945:
6458:
6206:
6031:
6016:
5746:
4212:
3988:
3651:
3528:
3451:
3426:
3404:
3080:
2904:
2889:
1762:
1351:
1057:
Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content
304:
211:
185:
78:
2018:
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
1997:
If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in
6994:
6949:
6914:
6447:
6381:
6274:
5985:
5844:
Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
5838:
5097:
5070:
4980:
4945:
4903:
4470:
4453:
3803:
3751:
3638:
1741:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g.
1365:
934:
284:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like
125:
28:
6091:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
5981:
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,
2487:
1381:
template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
184:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a
6902:
6436:
6097:
6060:
5963:
5884:
5066:
4913:
4881:
4862:
4736:
4556:
4533:
4275:
4254:
3698:
3441:
3300:
2770:
2711:
2703:
2175:
2011:
1982:
1565:
1549:
1083:
926:
891:
883:
3627:
1265:
6292:
5354:
5239:
4889:
4868:
4786:
4231:
4162:
3917:
3908:
3891:
3856:
2803:
222:
sfn generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
2148:
For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.
7008:
6921:
6886:
5734:
5250:
5233:
4765:
4754:
4744:
4568:
4539:
4223:
4123:
4088:
3992:
3724:
3396:
3238:
2913:
2700:
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with
1573:
345:
tags and generates the footnote internally. (To place sfn in a footnote, see
118:
6929:
6325:
4976:
4941:
4288:
that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template
3608:
1358:
1341:
15:
3253:
The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.
2162:
Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
6874:
6850:
6487:
4860:
2887:
1050:
templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different
475:
section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as
6108:
5907:
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
4176:
4137:
6862:
5875:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (
5871:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
3002:
1652:
5911:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
5231:
1314:
Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like
4775:
3022:
A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.
1074:
tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the
3561:
with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in
468:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result.
5797:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
5728:
5403:
3510:
3198:
2782:
6070:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">], p. 26</ref>
4588:
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
2976:
Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.
3568:
2955:
1902:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }}
620:
488:
460: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from
188:
in the references section at the end of the article (see example
4648:
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}
3116:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3042:
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with
2169:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using
5793:
in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:
3224:
The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
3043:
2774:
1976:
1060:
message. This message happens because the reference names that
195:
Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section
3626:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see
3093:
is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty
346:
6103:
3463:
If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
2720:
plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
5255:
puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.
4246:
3520:
3409:
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
3283:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add
1956:
Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".
1309:
586:
266:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author
5804:
be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
5446:
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
4886:
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the
4531:
3021:
3008:
2084:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }}
1775:
for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (
4386:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
4322:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
1100:
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a
847:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time
371:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
5808:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore
5785:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.
5270:
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3926:
Article text. More article text. Even more article text.
2165:
Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
1748:
799:
204:
5306:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
5118:
use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
4200:
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
3935:
3151:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
1881:
is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and
1095:
480:
3661:
918:
765:
552:
6564:
This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.
4334:
4332:
3924:(Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)
2138:
1328:
tags, because the following message will be produced:
1066:
creates will be the same, but the content between the
608:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}
3470:
The citation uses a citation template which supports
3287:
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
3192:
2974:
2961:
1947:
Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".
1529:
386:
384:
3947:
3515:
Category:All articles with broken links to citations
2847:
2749:
2716:, or using CITEREF directly with a concatenation of
2636:
2588:
2530:
2067:
2054:
1927:
1915:
855:
is used for a particular author, year and location.
626:
4463:
Knowledge:Citing sources § In-text attribution
4451:
4344:
4329:
4102:
4067:
3327:The citation uses a template that does not support
6089:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" />
5706:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
5423:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
4549:Knowledge:Citing sources § Bundling citations
4239:
3622:This is a false-positive: list-defined references
3476:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
3333:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
2608:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper".
2324:
840:
731:
518:
396:
381:
5860:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except
5320:
5284:
5030:
5022:
5014:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4957:
4953:
4949:
3165:
3130:
2182:in the citation template can handle these cases.
2151:For a publication by an institution, use either:
1738:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
1732:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
1719:Where there is a need to cite more than one work
1479:
1429:
977:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
484:
333:; information such as a section or figure number.
293:– specific page referenced in the source (alias:
7006:
6513:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
6038:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to
4479:to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
3624:do not work correctly when references are nested
3513:using these templates are added to the category
3343:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using
2676:
2509:
2493:
1771:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to
574:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}
4401:
4399:
4264:Knowledge:Citing sources § Short citations
4182:
4143:
2656:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper".
1714:
592:
6068:which, in turn, has the same functionality as
6054:should have exactly the same functionality as
5719:parameter in citation templates is preferred.
3569:Sfn embedded in list-defined ref does not work
3260:The year is different here than the citation.
3246:The citation uses a template from the list at
3227:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as
3053:
2910:links. It is always possible to simply remove
1799:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
647:
6124:
4969:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]).
4752:
3339:: Consider modifying the template to support
3097:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but
1721:by the same author published in the same year
1104:can be added to the location or page number.
325:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement
6920:– for unidirectional links, especially from
6006:) to detect that a link goes to a citation.
5722:
4733:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use
4396:
4012:
3941:
2117:
2104:
1977:More than one author with the same last name
476:
6543:in articles based on its TemplateData.
6052:|Smith|2006|p=26}}
5737:|Smith|2006|p=25}}
5413:
3987:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3551:to the template, or by adding the template
3358:The full citation does not use a template:
2801:
2034:scientists | journal = Important Journal }}
1035:
753:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}
668:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use
305:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages
6965:Editors can experiment in this template's
6131:
6117:
6056:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">
2888:Citation format does not support anchors:
1992:
1275:
1153:
1130:
558:
540:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}
18:
6138:
5758:
5055:
5031:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943),
5023:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937),
5015:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936),
4031:
4018:
4005:
3980:
3521:Link works but displays a no target error
1310:A citation inside an explanatory footnote
896:in the reference section. If you specify
7030:Templates that generate named references
6087:, which, once defined, can be called by
5904:field must be replaced with underscores
5781:A few articles create a custom ID using
5727:The Harvard citation templates create a
4025:
3953:
3489:Otherwise, check that the reference has
3361:It has no wikicode to create an anchor.
2768:
2755:
858:
5900:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the
5427:The most common citation templates are
5397:
3822:Harvard citation with colon no brackets
1866:: not supported, the template must use
1836:: month or season ranges and year dates
1779:). It is not necessary to include both
1743:{{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}
7007:
6507:
3999:
3984:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
3965:
3598:" is not used in the content (see the
1955:
1946:
1933:
1921:
1749:Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
1637:
1621:
844:
841:§ Adding additional comments or quotes
6392:Converting between references formats
6112:
6009:
6004:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js
5879:) or a double straight quote symbol (
5380:
5326:
5290:
5214:
5195:
5176:
5158:
5140:
4839:
4825:
4781:deprecated by the Knowledge community
4704:
4695:
4671:
4667:
4634:
4630:
4599:
4595:
4511:
4501:
4430:
4417:
4405:
4363:
4350:
4338:
4186:
4147:
4108:
4073:
3898:
3868:
3864:
3837:
3811:
3784:
3758:
3732:
3705:
3209:appear at the bottom of the article.
3171:
3136:
2866:
2853:
2655:
2642:
2607:
2594:
2510:"An Article by an Anonymous Author".
1694:
1680:
1668:
1508:
1485:
1449:
1435:
1288:
1271:
1149:
1126:
1096:Adding a URL for the page or location
1014:
1010:
974:
805:
771:
737:
524:
439:
414:
402:
390:
6700:Year for citations with four authors
6537:See a monthly parameter usage report
5883:), which may however be included by
5402:These templates use two elements: a
3662:Other author–date citation templates
2926:, leaving plain text without links.
2371:''Popular Magazine''
919:Adding additional comments or quotes
719:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}}
506:Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2020|p=25}}
489:multiple authors with same last name
472:
347:putting a citation inside a footnote
338:citation in the references section.
196:
106:
46:
6596:Last name of first (or only) author
6407:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
6346:Referencing without using templates
6341:Referencing with citation templates
5867:Inclusion of any other characters,
5406:in the body of the article, and an
2347:. Big Government Institution. 1996.
2343:
2330:
2139:No author name in citation template
1331:Cite error references missing group
1324:can't be directly imbedded between
136:Module:Check for unknown parameters
13:
5359:puts parentheses around the year.
5207:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}}
3193:Wikilink to citation does not work
2815:family of templates use parameter
2433:An Article by an Anonymous Author
1834:|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
1530:Multiple lists of inline citations
1497:Clarification of interesting fact.
1417:Clarification of interesting fact.
1068:<ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
911:
826:
341:Template sfn is not placed inside
307:referenced in the source (alias:
14:
7041:
6833:
6801:
6772:
6740:
6708:
6685:
6662:
6639:
6610:
5978:is a name such as the publisher.
4573:also produces bundled citations.
996:"A quote in a secondary source."
180:is designed to be used to create
4380:2008 | title = Smith's Book }}
3769:Harvard citation with colon text
3581:, you may get a false-positive "
3414:<cite>...</cite>
1824:|date=November 9, 2013b
1816:: month or season and year dates
787:{{sfn|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}
110:
60:approximately 172,000 pages
50:
19:
6787:Trailing text to replace period
6691:Year (if four authors included)
6518:
6397:Reference display customization
6035:
5995:
5782:
5752:
5740:
4861:More exotic Harvard citations:
4818:
4661:
4624:
4411:
4240:Applications of these templates
4183:Smith, Jones & Brown (2005)
3981:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
3959:
3009:A particularly unusual citation
2154:The initials of the institution
2097:
2047:
1820:|date=9 November 2013b
1674:
1662:
1615:
1491:
1411:
1364:It is also possible to use the
1004:
968:
485:multiple works in the same year
7020:Author–date citation templates
6868:– define and reference page(s)
5188:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
5170:{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4013:Stout, P. R.; Johnson, C. M. "
3883:Harvard citation year brackets
1850:|date=Summer 2024–25e
1830:|date=June–July 2013c
1326:<ref>...</ref>
1090:<ref>...</ref>
343:<ref>...</ref>
1:
6164:Biographies of living persons
6081:|Joyce|1903|p=
5858:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~
5347:Similarly, in order to mimic
5232:Parentheses around the year:
5152:{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5061:
5050:Some articles use this idiom
5033:Yet Another Mathematics Paper
4284:span can be used to create a
4144:Smith, Jones & Brown 2005
3324:is set correctly (see below).
3307:is set correctly (see below).
3275:field, but the format of the
593:Smith, Jones & Brown 2020
434:
6935:– for explanatory foot notes
6106:'ed for quicker load times.
5998:prefix is necessary for the
5819:are preferred to names like
5444:<a name="CITEREF">
4975:The theory was developed by
4940:The theory was developed by
3690:Harvard citation no brackets
2781: (August 15, 1987).
2773:), Yeowell, Steve (
2696:template uses the parameter
1788:
1715:More than one work in a year
1537:Template:Houston family tree
7:
6841:
6402:References and page numbers
6336:Introduction to referencing
6046:. E.g.: this template call
5731:to the anchor. For example
5133:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4056:Shortened footnote template
3795:Harvard citation with colon
3509:Templates that have broken
3038:It is also possible to use
2280:Big Government Institution
2157:The name of the institution
1814:|date=Winter 2013b
1756:{{sfn}}
1726:{{sfn}}
1077:{{sfn}}
1063:{{sfn}}
1047:{{sfn}}
680:for single pages can cause
648:Location in the source text
153:shortened footnote template
10:
7046:
6939:
6527:for this template used by
6351:Referencing dos and don'ts
5762:
5715:parameter in place of the
5420:
4878:Template:Harvard citations
4875:
4546:
4460:
4261:
3606:
3416:span to create an anchor.
3205:The correct citation does
2962:Big Government Agency 1999
1863:|date=2013g-11-09
1040:: In the past, the use of
317:– in-source location when
303:– comma-separated list of
189:
86:
6999:Subpages of this template
6570:
6496:Parenthetical referencing
6486:
6470:
6415:
6364:
6331:Citations quick reference
6316:
6298:Punctuation and footnotes
6283:
6230:
6194:
6146:
6000:reference tooltips gadget
5723:Harvard citation wikilink
5374:{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5367:
5364:
5263:
5260:
5126:
5123:
5025:Another Mathematics Paper
4927:
4924:
4797:
4794:
4581:
4578:
4487:
4484:
4308:
4305:
3435:: Check that the text in
3109:
3106:
2934:
2931:
2827:
2824:
2728:
2725:
2567:
2564:
2190:
2187:
2026:
2023:
1958:Another Important Journal
1908:Article text. More text.
1894:
1891:
1872:|date=2013-11-09
1846:|date=2024–2025e
1791:). If both are included,
1586:
1583:
1578:within the efn template.
1389:
1386:
1112:
1109:
947:
944:
712:
709:
499:
496:
357:
354:
81:before implementing them.
73:subpages, or in your own
58:This template is used on
6250:Citation Style Vancouver
4268:Help:Shortened footnotes
3942:Stout & Johnson 1957
3549:|ignore-err=yes
3486:is set to a matching id.
3314:Citation Style Vancouver
2813:Citation Style Vancouver
2358:
2197:
1885:for link disambiguation.
1810:|date=Jan 2013b
1806:: simple year only dates
1165:
1142:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
1119:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
652:The optional parameters
217:
6147:Policies and guidelines
4772:parenthetical reference
4475:can be used to link an
3585:which looks like this:
3563:Special:ExpandTemplates
3345:{{wikicite|id={{harvid|
1993:Large number of authors
1840:|date=c. 2013d
1638:Latham, Dwight (1947),
1599:...by the fact itself.
1247:Smith's other book
1013:, p. 2) quoted in
876:The optional parameter
831:The optional parameter
477:large number of authors
6993:Add categories to the
6856:– citing a page number
6758:Page numbers in source
6416:Template documentation
5759:Using CITEREF directly
5056:implementation details
3873:(and many other forms)
3592:list-defined reference
3579:list-defined reference
3381:template (and set the
2769:Morrison, Grant (
1987:Claudia Lauper Bushman
1605:He's his own grandpa.
1036:
872:and similar templates.
676:for multiple pages or
559:Smith & Jones 2020
24:Template documentation
6668:Fourth author or year
6616:Second author or year
6140:Knowledge referencing
4778:of articles has been
4452:In text attribution:
3863:John Smith (
3743:Harvard citation text
3577:an Sfn template in a
859:Hard-coded link names
833:|postscript=
696:exist as aliases for
6908:– for the ref anchor
6645:Third author or year
6546:TemplateData for Sfn
6186:Scientific citations
6159:No original research
5789:) or as a value for
5751:produces the anchor
5398:Implementation notes
5351:citations, template
5067:Using colon format:
4840:Smith, John (2006).
4705:Jones, Mary (2010).
4696:Smith, John (2010).
4512:Smith, John (2009),
4431:Smith, John (2008).
4364:Smith, John (2007).
4296:(without the use of
4247:Shortened footnote:
3448:matches the text in
3312:The citation uses a
1875:|year=2013x
1868:|year=2013g
1856:|date=n.d.f
1804:|date=2013a
1541:Margaret Lea Houston
415:Smith, John (2020).
166:author–date citation
117:This template uses
7015:Lua-based templates
6880:– reference page(s)
6839:
6567:
6560:Template parameters
6508:Tracking categories
6303:Shortened footnotes
5437:Module:Citation/CS1
4477:in-text attribution
3672:
3501:with a matching id.
3267:The template has a
3054:No closing period:
845:§ No closing period
182:shortened footnotes
7025:Footnote templates
6819:Location in source
6558:
6556:
6550:
6318:Help for beginners
6270:Citation templates
6222:Referencing styles
5856:, and the symbols
5803:
5739:produces the link
5414:Citation template
4787:citation footnotes
4753:Harvard citation:
4532:Bundled citation:
4504:, p. 25) ...
4286:shortened footnote
3671:In-text templates
3670:
3634:is possible using
3583:missing key" error
3279:field is unusual.
3217:citation not found
1842:: circa year dates
1697:Smith's other book
1511:Smith's other book
1471:Interesting fact.
1452:Smith's other book
1403:Interesting fact.
1332:
1291:Smith's other book
1058:
960:Some information.
898:|ref=none
440:Author(s) and year
6838:
6837:
6583:
6551:
6535:and other tools.
6504:
6503:
6478:Knowledge Library
6308:Nesting footnotes
6212:Combining sources
5946:|ref=CITEREF
5873:name="John Smith"
5812:(purely numeric).
5801:
5741:#CITEREFSmith2006
5395:
5394:
5345:
5344:
5229:
5228:
5048:
5047:
5017:Mathematics Paper
4909:is a wrapper for
4858:
4857:
4723:
4722:
4529:
4528:
4449:
4448:
4198:
4197:
4026:Wadleigh, C. H. "
3848:Harvard citations
3537:cite encyclopedia
3322:|harvid=
3190:
3189:
3099:|ps=none
3077:, as produced by
3063:|ps=none
3036:
3035:
2885:
2884:
2869:Smith's 1999 Book
2817:|harvid=
2799:
2798:
2674:
2673:
2658:Important Journal
2610:Important Journal
2528:
2527:
2423:Popular Magazine
2136:
2135:
2120:Important Journal
2105:Smith et al. 1995
2070:Important Journal
2055:Smith et al. 1994
2003:|author=
1974:
1973:
1949:Important Journal
1712:
1711:
1634:
1611:
1527:
1526:
1330:
1307:
1306:
1056:
1054:will result in a
1033:
1032:
864:Not available in
824:
823:
645:
644:
627:Smith et al. 2020
432:
431:
254:> }}
186:complete citation
149:
148:
85:
84:
7037:
6990:
6979:
6963:
6950:Template:Sfn/doc
6934:
6928:
6919:
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6891:
6885:
6879:
6873:
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6754:
6751:
6722:
6719:
6696:
6673:
6650:
6621:
6592:
6587:Author last name
6584:
6568:
6565:
6557:
6463:
6457:
6452:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6372:Cite link labels
6356:Citing Knowledge
6285:Inline citations
6275:Reflist template
6245:Citation Style 2
6240:Citation Style 1
6169:Reliable sources
6133:
6126:
6119:
6110:
6109:
6101:
6090:
6086:
6071:
6067:
6066:</ref>
6065:
6059:
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6029:
6013:
5997:
5990:
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5968:
5962:
5951:
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5903:
5894:
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5882:
5878:
5874:
5869:including spaces
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5839:English alphabet
5833:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5811:
5807:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5775:
5754:
5753:CITEREFSmith2006
5750:
5742:
5738:
5445:
5433:Citation Style 2
5429:Citation Style 1
5368:Renders as
5362:
5361:
5358:
5349:Citation Style 1
5330:
5324:
5294:
5288:
5264:Renders as
5258:
5257:
5254:
5242:
5236:
5127:Renders as
5121:
5120:
5117:
5109:
5101:
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5027:
5019:
4942:F. J. Murray
4928:Renders as
4922:
4921:
4918:
4912:
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4902:
4898:
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4798:Renders as
4792:
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4769:
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4732:
4710:
4701:
4674:
4665:
4637:
4628:
4582:Renders as
4576:
4575:
4572:
4563:bundle citations
4560:
4542:
4536:
4516:
4488:Renders as
4482:
4481:
4474:
4456:
4436:
4421:
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4369:
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4309:Renders as
4303:
4302:
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4205:Citation Style 1
4190:
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4166:
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4141:
4127:
4112:
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4092:
4077:
4071:
4059:
4050:
4035:
4032:Stefferud (1957)
4028:Growth of Plants
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4019:Stefferud (1957)
4009:
4006:Stefferud (1957)
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3716:Harvard citation
3702:
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3248:Citation Style 1
3242:
3234:
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3175:
3169:
3139:
3134:
3110:Renders as
3104:
3103:
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3075:Citation style 2
3072:
3064:
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2977:
2965:
2959:
2935:Renders as
2929:
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2828:Renders as
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2646:
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2568:Renders as
2562:
2561:
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2512:Popular Magazine
2500:
2495:Popular Magazine
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2016:
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1961:
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1895:Renders as
1889:
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6195:General advice
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5994:Note that the
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5435:. By default,
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4981:J. von Neumann
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4594:Article text (
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2345:Important Book
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2240:==References==
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1509:Smith (2017).
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1289:Smith (2011).
1283:
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1207:==References==
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6387:Cite messages
6385:
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6365:Advanced help
6363:
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6154:Verifiability
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5948:cite_nameyear
5945:
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5915:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5895:respectively.
5886:
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5825:
5817:"Nguyen 2010"
5814:
5799:
5796:
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5384:
5383:, p. 25
5382:
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4828:, p. 25)
4827:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
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4497:
4492:
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4483:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4464:
4457:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4420:, p. 26.
4419:
4414:
4408:, p. 25.
4407:
4402:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4353:, p. 26.
4352:
4347:
4341:, p. 25.
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4301:
4293:
4287:
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4258:
4252:
4244:
4237:
4233:
4225:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4189:, p. 50.
4188:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4150:, p. 50.
4149:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4111:, p. 25.
4110:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4076:, p. 25.
4075:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
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3977:
3976:
3967:
3962:
3955:
3954:Wadleigh 1957
3950:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3901:, p. 25
3900:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3879:
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3866:
3862:
3858:
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3748:
3744:
3739:
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3721:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3708:, p. 25
3707:
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3556:Sfn whitelist
3538:
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3482:: Check that
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3319:
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3302:
3294:: check that
3293:
3289:
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3266:
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