774:
742:
679:
remains have shown evidence that individuals suffering illness and limited mobility were cared for, pointing to a developed society which was sufficiently secure and prosperous to be able to afford compassion. One of the individuals, a woman in her twenties, was found to be suffering from polio, thought to be the earliest dated instance of the disease in human history. Grave goods found included "ceramic and stone vessels, copper and bronze rings, spearheads, ostrich eggshell fragments, beads, and infant feeding shells". The tomb dated to the late 3rd millennium (2200-2000 BC). The subadults included a number of pre-term infants, neonates, and infants under two years of age. Charcoal samples in the tomb were radiocarbon dated to 2197-2036 B.C, calibrated with CALIB 3.0.3c.
784:
periods in the UAE. Twenty one 2nd millennium BC bitumen samples, some attached to
Mesopotamian and to local pottery, were subjected to geochemical analysis. Their origin was determined to be in Elamite lands, unlike the Mesopotamian origin for bitumen in most regional sites. Four complete or fragmentary copper-alloy figurines, one of a naked anatomically correct man, dated between 300BC and 300AD were excavated at the site. A few cylinder seals were excavated at the site. Two were heavily damaged but one copper-alloy seal featured the image of a Zebu, one stone seal bore geometric patterns and one stone seal had an apparent "sacred tree" image. Two pottery items with seals were also found.
40:
47:
218:
564:
675:
water table. This has been preserved by a late 2nd millennium BC mud platform, built over the fortification. It is the largest of the distinctive Umm Al Nar fortress towers to be excavated in the UAE. As well as a collection of Umm Al Nar buildings and fireplaces, mud brick buildings dating from the second and early first millennium were found.
678:
The 6 meter diameter Umm Al Nar tomb with two internal chambers and a removal flat stone doorway, located 10 meters west of the tower and made of limestone ashlar blocks and beach stone, contained the mostly dis-articulated co-mingled remains of some 410 individuals (276 adult). Analysis of the human
769:
led by Peter Magee. Initially principally involved in cataloging the existing site, in 2010 large scale excavations were undertaken. Beginning in 2019 the
Italian Archaeological Mission in Umm al‐Quwain effort has been led by M. Degli Esposti. The portion of the site worked by the current excavation
783:
A charcoal sample from the base area of the Umm Al Nar fortress tower provided a radiocarbon date of 2461–2199 BC (C14 date 3840±40 BP). It was calibrated with IntCal13. Finds from Tell Abraq have been crucial in the division of the Iron Age I (1200-1000 BC), II (1000-500 BC) and III (500-300 BC)
674:
periods, from approximately 2,200 BC to 200 AD. At the core of the settlement lies a large circular fortification built out of mud brick and faced with stone, some 40 meters in diameter and eight metres high and constructed c. 2200 BC. A stone lined well in the center of the tower ran down to the
716:
Tell Abraq boasts the largest collection of faunal remains uncovered on any archaeological site within the
Arabian Peninsula. Domesticated animals such as sheep, goats and cattle were reared, while locally available wild animals such as gazelle and oryx were hunted. Fish and shellfish as well as
732:
show a continuation from the Umm Al Nar to Wadi Suq periods, although Shimal has yielded a preponderance of the distinctive Wadi Suq burials. The tower at Tell Abraq continued to be occupied throughout this period, with evidence of a changing lifestyle among its occupants and more dependence on
1261:
Majchrzak, Dominika, and
Michele Degli Esposti, "About two seal‐impressed jars from Tell Abraq (Emirate of Umm al‐Quwain): New evidence for intercultural networks in the lower Arabian Gulf in the late 2nd–beginning of the 1st millennium BC", Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 33.1, pp. 152–169,
1219:
Esposti, Michele Degli, et al., "Another Side to the Story: Preliminary
Results from the Renewed Excavations on the Eastern Flank of Tell Abraq (2021-2022)", Advances in UAE Archaeology: Proceedings of Abu Dhabi’s Archaeology Conference 2022, edited by Pascale El Fadi et al., Archaeopress, pp.
1209:
Degli
Esposti, Michel, et al. "Renewed excavations at Tell Abraq, Umm al-Quwain, 2019–2020—insights into the site's occupation from the mid-second millennium BC to the late pre-Islamic period" Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. Vol. 51.
1251:
Overlaet, Bruno; Jasim, Sabah; Yousif, Eisa, "Imported and Local
Cylinder Seals in the Oman Peninsula. Finds from Kalba, Tell Abraq and Mleiha (Sharjah Emirate, U.A.E.)", Annual Sharjah Archaeology, Sharjah Archaeology Authority, vol. 21, pp. 8-22,
1190:
Magee P., Händel M., Karacic S., Brunet O., Feston B., Uerpmann M. ... Silvia Z., "Report on fieldwork at
Muweilah and Tell Abraq, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2014–2017", Annual Sharjah Archaeology 16 (Second edition), pp. 49–65,
1241:
Pavan, Alexia, and
Michele Degli Esposti, "Copper‐alloy figurines from Tell Abraq (Umm al‐Quwain, UAE) and the circulation of Hellenistic motifs in late pre‐Islamic Arabia (300 bc–300 ad)", Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 34.1, pp. 87-101,
832:
D.T. Potts, "Four
Seasons of Excavation at Tell Abraq (1989-1993)", Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies Vol. 23, Proceedings of the Twenty Sixth SEMINAR FOR ARABIAN STUDIES held at Manchester on 21st - 23rd July 1992, pp. 117-126,
643:, a few kilometres to the north. Their original intention was to confirm the time sequence prior to Ed-Dur's primacy, around 1,000 BC. However, they were surprised to find extensive indications of much earlier settlement, dating back to the
1318:
Willcox, George, and Margareta Tengberg, "Preliminary report on the archaeobotanical investigations at Tell Abraq with special attention to chaff impressions in mud brick", Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 6.2, pp. 129–138,
756:
Limited trenching was undertaken by an Iraqi team led by Sayid Rabi' al-Qaisi in 1973, of which there are no records. The site was excavated in 5 seasons between 1989 and 1998 by a team from the University of Copenhagen in
1180:
Magee, P., M. Händel, S. Karacic, M. Uerpmann and H.-P. Uerpmann, "Report on Excavations at Tell Abraq, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 2010-2013", Annual Sharjah Archaeology (Sharjah Antiquities) 14, pp. 5-29,
1275:
Barker, Diane Elizabeth, "Mapping continuity, development and resilience in the southeastern Arabian Bronze Age: The prehistoric settlement at Tell Abraq, United Arab Emirates", PhD Dissertation, University of Sydney,
1229:
Van de Velde, Thomas, et al. “The Bitumen Imports at Tell Abraq — Tracing the Second-Millennium BC Bitumen Industry in South-East Arabia.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. 47, pp. 227–37,
1307:
Blau Soren, Attempting to Identity Activities in the Past: Preliminary Investigations of the Third Millennium BC Population at Tell Abraq, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 7, pp. 143–176, 1996
1003:
Gregoricka, Lesley A., Jaime Ullinger, and Alecia Schrenk, "Set apart from within: Articulated women in commingled tombs from Early Bronze Age Arabia", Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 32, pp. 243-255,
1015:
Baustian, Kathryn Mary, "Health status of infants and children from the Bronze Age tomb at Tell Abraq, United Arab Emirates", UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones, 355, 2010
960:
Taylor, Katie Marie, "Assessing Population Variation Using Heritable Nonmetric Traits: A Bronze Age Assemblage from Tell Abraq, United Arab Emirates", Masters Thesis, Boise State University, 2021
1026:
Calleja, Maryann, "Commingled Tombs and ArcGIS: Analyzing the Mortuary Context and Taphonomy at Bronze Age Tell Abraq", UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones, 2648, 2016
1095:
Vreeze, M. de, B. S. Düring, and Eric Olijdam, "New light on the late Wadi Suq period from the Ṣuhār hinterlands", Proceedings of the seminar for Arabian Studies. Vol. 50. Archaeopress, 2020
733:
seafood. Further possible links between these two communities (through Ed-Dur) is provided by Iron Age pottery finds at Tell Abraq, which include similar artefacts to those found at Shimal.
1171:
Peter Magee, "Tell Abraq during the second and first millennia BC: site layout, spatial organisation, and economy", Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, vol. 28(2), pp. 209-237, November 2017
592:
650:
Tell Abraq has been cited as being the "best preserved and largest prehistoric settlement in the Lower Gulf" and is thought to be one of the key locations of the area the
1310:
Lloyd Weeks, Lead isotope analyses from Tell Abraq, United Arab Emirates: new data regarding the'tin problem'in Western Asia, Antiquity, vol. 73, pp. 49–64, 1999
1349:
1289:
D. T. Potts and W. J. Reade, New evidence for late third millennium linen from Tell Abraq, Umm Al-Qaiwain, UAE, Paléorient, vol. 19, iss. 19–2, pp. 99–106, 1993
492:
1299:
Daniel T. Potts and Margareta Tengberg, gismes.má-gan-na (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) at Tell Abraq, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 10, pp. 129–133, 1999
1200:
Degli Esposti, M. and F. Borgi, "The Abraq Research Project – 2019 season", Bulletin of the International Association for the Study of Arabia 25, pp. 20-22, 2020
1279:
1297:
1281:
C.H. Pedersen and V.F. Buchwald, An examination of metal objects from Tell Abraq, U.A.E., Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 1–9, 1991
502:
497:
1057:
P. Grave, et al., Elemental characterisation of Barbar ceramics from Tell Abraq, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 7, iss. 2, pp. 177–187, 1996
1037:
Potts, D. T., and Lloyd Weeks, "An AMS radiocarbon chronology for the late Urnm an-Nar type tomb at Tell Abraq", NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS 9, pp. 9-10, 1999
585:
1294:
Daniel T. Potts and R. Thomas, Atacamite Pigment at Tell Abraq in the Early Iron Age, Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 7, p. 13-16. 1996
694:. Finds include two Harappan cubical weights, distinctive Harappan carnelian and agate jewellery and an ivory duck figurine, and tin and ivory from
1055:
990:
773:
39:
1292:
527:
1138:
Daniel T. Potts et al., "A Prehistoric Mound in the Emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.: Excavations at Tell Abraq in 1989", Munksgaard, 1990
578:
741:
68:
1305:
1024:
1013:
522:
1315:
Lloyd Weeks, Prehistoric Metallurgy at Tell Abraq, U.A.E., Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, vol. 8, iss. 1, pp. 11–85, 1997
798:
545:
1302:
Daniel T. Potts, Tepe Yahya, Tell Abraq and the Chronology of the Bampur Sequence, Iranica Antiqua, vol.38, pp. 1–24, 2003
793:
753:, or salt flats. As the site is divided by a border, excavations of the east and west areas are generally independent efforts.
550:
976:
Bioarchaeology of compassion: Exploring extreme cases of pathology in a Bronze Age skeletal population from Tell Abraq, U.A.E.
1159:
P. Hellyer, "New finds at Tell Abraq", Tribulus (Journal of the Emirates Natural History Group), vol. 2, no.1, pp.15-17, 1992
1100:
671:
301:
1067:
Uerpmann, Margarethe (2001). "Remarks on the animal economy of Tell Abraq (Emirates of Sharjah and Umm al-Qaywayn, UAE)".
628:
but changing sea levels have placed the remains of the city inland. It is located on the main road from Umm Al Quwain to
517:
512:
507:
203:
1313:
1111:
717:
turtles and dugongs from the Persian Gulf were eaten extensively. Digs have uncovered over 100,000 animal bone remains.
921:
844:
958:
1143:
1127:
890:
705:
Some 600 sherds of red-ridged Barbar pottery at Tel Abraq show distinct links to Umm Al Nar island and also ancient '
1284:
Potts, D.T., "Eine frühe Stadt in Magan: Ausgrabungen in Tell Abraq", Das Altertum, vol. 41, pp. H.2,83-98, 1995/96
1239:
429:
1093:
803:
749:
The mound comprises an area of some four hectares and rises to a height of some ten meters above the surrounding
454:
449:
444:
261:
1354:
251:
1035:
568:
1287:
945:
691:
439:
383:
766:
636:
459:
271:
871:
D. T. Potts, "Excavations at Tell Abraq, 1989", Paléorient, vol. 15, iss. 15-1, pp. 269-271, 1989
682:
As with Ed-Dur, there is evidence of extensive trade links between the people of Tell Abraq and
974:
869:
778:
Two Hellenistic or Parthian style statues found at the Tell Abraq site from the 3rd Century BCE
913:
698:. An ivory comb and pottery found at the site has been linked through its decorative form to
905:
984:
706:
655:
621:
609:
238:
8:
635:
The mound containing the ruins of Tell Abraq was originally excavated by a team from the
624:
about 50 kilometers north-east of Dubai, the city was originally on the coastline of the
1122:
Daniel T. Potts, "Further Excavations at Tell Abraq: The 1990 Season", Munksgaard, 1991
1157:
1076:
939:
644:
613:
243:
138:
1046:
Potts, Daniel T., "Arabian Time Capsule", Archaeology, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 44–48, 2000
1139:
1123:
1096:
927:
917:
906:
886:
762:
217:
667:
310:
885:
D. T. Potts, "Ancient Magan: The Secrets of Tell Abraq", Trident Press Ltd., 2000
629:
487:
434:
411:
323:
729:
469:
353:
276:
1343:
854:– via Near Eastern Archaeology Department, Sydney University Australia.
808:
617:
348:
343:
83:
70:
931:
725:
625:
464:
338:
318:
229:
695:
683:
1080:
912:. Abed, Ibrahim., Hellyer, Peter. London: Trident Press. 2001. pp.
761:
led by Daniel Potts. Work was resumed in 2007 by a joint team from the
702:. There is evidence that bronze was both refined and cast at the site.
256:
124:
770:
has come from later periods, from late Bronze Age up to Iron Age III.
1329:
333:
128:
666:
Finds at Tell Abraq show human occupation through the Umm Al Nar,
758:
710:
699:
721:
640:
391:
358:
328:
281:
266:
651:
647:
period, including a 3rd millennium monumental fortification.
1334:
687:
845:"Bronze Age Pottery from Tell Abraq, United Arab Emirates"
503:
Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
1350:Archaeological sites in the United Arab Emirates
1341:
639:working on the extensive remains of the city of
498:Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute
1113:Salman, I., "Foreword", Sumer 30, pp. a–p, 1974
1069:Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies
908:United Arab Emirates : a new perspective
586:
1167:
1165:
989:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
881:
879:
877:
865:
863:
861:
828:
826:
824:
161:Daniel Potts, Peter Magee, M. Degli Esposti
979:(Thesis). University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
593:
579:
1162:
1066:
874:
858:
821:
772:
740:
1335:Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey
799:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
196:This article is part of a series on the
1342:
794:List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE
1153:
1151:
968:
966:
900:
898:
612:city. Located on the border between
13:
1269:
1148:
972:
842:
216:
46:
14:
1366:
1323:
963:
895:
54:Shown within United Arab Emirates
562:
45:
38:
1255:
1245:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1132:
1116:
1105:
1087:
1060:
1049:
1040:
1029:
1018:
804:Cities of the ancient Near East
569:United Arab Emirates portal
455:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
1007:
997:
952:
836:
736:
16:Archaeological site in the UAE
1:
814:
450:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
445:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
508:First parliamentary election
7:
787:
10:
1371:
1330:Sharjah Archaeology Museum
661:
973:D., Vilos, Jamie (2011).
181:
173:
165:
157:
149:
144:
134:
120:
112:
107:
99:
62:
33:
26:
852:NEAF Grant in Aid Report
637:University of Copenhagen
460:Perpetual Maritime Truce
153:1989-1998, 2007-present
944:: CS1 maint: others (
780:
767:University of Tübingen
746:
435:Portuguese Khor Fakkan
221:
776:
744:
388:Archaeological sites
315:Archaeological sites
248:Archaeological sites
220:
150:Excavation dates
84:25.48333°N 55.55000°E
720:Both Tell Abraq and
622:United Arab Emirates
610:ancient Near Eastern
608:(Til Abrook) was an
209:United Arab Emirates
1355:Tells (archaeology)
551:Ancient settlements
80: /
23:
781:
747:
244:Umm Al Nar culture
239:Magan civilization
222:
182:Public access
139:Umm Al Nar culture
89:25.48333; 55.55000
21:
1101:978-1-78969-653-0
763:Bryn Mawr College
745:حفريات في تل ابرق
603:
602:
528:COVID-19 pandemic
493:Pearling industry
207:
189:
188:
116:2nd millennium BC
1362:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1136:
1130:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1001:
995:
994:
988:
980:
970:
961:
956:
950:
949:
943:
935:
911:
902:
893:
883:
872:
867:
856:
855:
849:
840:
834:
830:
595:
588:
581:
567:
566:
565:
513:Yemeni Civil War
430:Portuguese Dibba
311:Wadi Suq culture
304:
232:
210:
205:
197:
191:
190:
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
49:
48:
42:
24:
20:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1340:
1339:
1326:
1272:
1270:Further reading
1267:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1137:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1092:
1088:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1002:
998:
982:
981:
971:
964:
957:
953:
937:
936:
924:
904:
903:
896:
884:
875:
868:
859:
847:
843:Barker, Diane.
841:
837:
831:
822:
817:
790:
739:
664:
630:Falaj Al Mualla
599:
563:
561:
556:
555:
541:
533:
532:
523:Socotra dispute
488:Buraimi Dispute
483:
475:
474:
425:
417:
416:
412:Battle of Dibba
407:
399:
398:
379:
378:Pre-Islamic Era
371:
370:
324:Bidaa Bint Saud
306:
302:
294:
293:
234:
230:
208:
206:History of the
204:
195:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
50:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1324:External links
1322:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1161:
1147:
1131:
1115:
1104:
1086:
1059:
1048:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
996:
962:
951:
923:978-1900724470
922:
894:
873:
857:
835:
819:
818:
816:
813:
812:
811:
806:
801:
796:
789:
786:
738:
735:
730:Ras Al Khaimah
663:
660:
601:
600:
598:
597:
590:
583:
575:
572:
571:
558:
557:
554:
553:
548:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:Qatar blockade
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
482:Modern history
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
470:Trucial States
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
386:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
367:
366:
361:
356:
354:Saruq Al Hadid
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
313:
307:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
277:Saruq Al Hadid
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
246:
241:
235:
228:
227:
224:
223:
213:
212:
200:
199:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
158:Archaeologists
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
64:
60:
59:
53:
44:
43:
37:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1367:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1220:183–208, 2023
1216:
1206:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1144:87-16-14873-8
1141:
1135:
1129:
1128:87-16-14903-3
1125:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1000:
992:
986:
978:
977:
969:
967:
959:
955:
947:
941:
933:
929:
925:
919:
915:
910:
909:
901:
899:
892:
891:1-900724-40-5
888:
882:
880:
878:
870:
866:
864:
862:
853:
846:
839:
829:
827:
825:
820:
810:
809:Barbar Temple
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
785:
779:
775:
771:
768:
764:
760:
754:
752:
743:
734:
731:
727:
723:
718:
714:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:Umm Al Quwain
615:
611:
607:
596:
591:
589:
584:
582:
577:
576:
574:
573:
570:
560:
559:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
465:Trucial Kalba
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
421:
420:
413:
410:
409:
403:
402:
393:
390:
389:
387:
385:
384:Sasanian rule
382:
381:
375:
374:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Qattara Oasis
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
314:
312:
309:
308:
305:
298:
297:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:
211:
202:
201:
198:
193:
192:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
93:
65:
61:
41:
32:
25:
19:
1257:
1247:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1134:
1118:
1107:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
999:
975:
954:
907:
851:
838:
782:
777:
755:
750:
748:
726:Seih Al Harf
719:
715:
704:
692:Indus Valley
681:
677:
665:
649:
634:
626:Persian Gulf
605:
604:
424:Colonial Era
363:
339:Seih Al Harf
319:Al Thuqeibah
286:
194:
18:
1075:: 227–233.
985:cite thesis
737:Archaeology
696:Afghanistan
684:Mesopotamia
546:Archaeology
406:Islamic Era
87: /
63:Coordinates
1344:Categories
815:References
645:Umm Al Nar
606:Tell Abraq
364:Tell Abraq
287:Tell Abraq
257:Al Ashoosh
231:Bronze Age
145:Site notes
125:Bronze Age
103:settlement
75:55°33′00″E
72:25°29′00″N
22:Tell Abraq
940:cite book
654:knew as '
652:Sumerians
262:Al Sufouh
174:Ownership
166:Condition
1081:41223685
932:47140175
788:See also
765:and the
690:and the
672:Iron Age
668:Wadi Suq
349:Rumailah
334:Muweilah
303:Iron Age
135:Cultures
129:Iron Age
759:Denmark
711:Bahrain
700:Bactria
662:History
620:in the
614:Sharjah
121:Periods
113:Founded
108:History
28:{{{1}}}
1142:
1126:
1099:
1079:
930:
920:
889:
751:sabkha
722:Shimal
709:', or
707:Tilmun
641:Ed-Dur
540:Topics
440:Julfar
392:Ed-Dur
359:Shimal
329:Ed-Dur
282:Shimal
267:Ed-Dur
252:Mleiha
177:Public
169:Ruined
1077:JSTOR
848:(PDF)
656:Magan
1319:1995
1276:2018
1262:2022
1252:2023
1242:2023
1230:2017
1210:2022
1191:2018
1181:2015
1140:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1004:2021
991:link
946:link
928:OCLC
918:ISBN
887:ISBN
833:1993
724:and
688:Iran
670:and
616:and
272:Hili
100:Type
728:in
658:'.
185:Yes
1346::
1164:^
1150:^
1073:31
1071:.
987:}}
983:{{
965:^
942:}}
938:{{
926:.
916:.
914:30
897:^
876:^
860:^
850:.
823:^
713:.
686:,
632:.
127:,
1083:.
993:)
948:)
934:.
594:e
587:t
580:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
