Television in the United States

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it is not produced. The producers hire a director and other crew members (in some cases, using staff employed with an existing series) to work on the pilot; in some cases, if the pilot's concept was pitched by producers that would not write for the proposed show before a script is drafted, writers may also be assigned to pen the script and would be given credit as the series' creator(s). Pilots that do get "picked up" get either a full or partial-season order (starting with an initial order of between seven and 13 episodes, which may be extended if the program's viewership is strong during the early run of episodes); the show goes into production, usually establishing itself with permanent sets. Writers, additional directors and some full-time crew members are hired, and work begins – usually during the late spring and summer before the fall season-series premieres (shows can also serve as a

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receivable in their area that airs the locally pre-empted show through an affiliation with that same network to see it) were more common between the 1940s and the 1960s, although some arrangements continued as late as 2010. Today, programming from networks other than that with which the station maintains a primary affiliation are usually carried over digital subchannels, which increasingly since the mid-2000s, have allowed one of the major broadcast networks to expand their national coverage to markets where they would have previously either had to settle for a secondary affiliation with a full-power television station (which maintain transmitting power as high as 1000 kilowatts and outputs a signal extending as far as 80 miles from the transmitter site), or an exclusive or primary affiliation with a

3793: 2473: 3332: 940:, and in the case of CBS and ABC, overnight network news programs. On some stations, syndicated programming may fill timeslots where local newscasts would traditionally air, either due to the station not programming news in certain time periods or because it does not operate a news department; similarly, local news programs in the late evening hours may air during the final hour of prime time (10:00 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones and 9:00 p.m. in all others) and/or during the morning commute period (7:00 to 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. in all time zones), usually on stations affiliated with networks other than those classified as part of the "Big Three" (ABC, NBC and CBS) and those without a network affiliation. 5988:

program consisted of as many as 40 episodes, with few breaks in the show's airing schedule. Sitcoms may have 24 or more; animated programs may have more (or fewer) episodes (some are broken up into two 11-minute shorts, often with separate self-contained storylines, that are folded into a single half-hour episode); cable networks with original programming seem to have settled on about 10 to 13 episodes per season, much in line with British television programming, though there are exceptions (particularly with cable networks specializing in children's programming, which use the network television model of total per-season episode counts, but spread out the episodes over a single calendar year).

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twelve in 1992), although until the 1960s, very few companies outside of the major broadcast networks owned multiple stations. Since a change to its media ownership regulations in 1999 that counted television station ownership maximums by a national market percentage rather than by the number of stations that could be allowed in their portfolio, FCC rules mandate that the total number of television stations owned by any company can only reach a maximum of 39% of all markets in the U.S. Until 2016, a "discount" allowed a broadcaster to cover up to 78% of the U.S. with UHF signals; this loophole was closed in 2016, although existing companies above the 39% threshold will be covered under a

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network to be totally responsible for its affiliates' programming. Ion differs from other commercial networks in that the majority of its stations are owned-and-operated by its parent company with very few affiliates, and it is distributed exclusively via cable and satellite in markets where the network does not have a local station; Ion was the last of the seven conventional English language commercial broadcast networks to expand into distribution via digital multicasting, having relied entirely on cable and satellite distribution in markets where it otherwise could not maintain a primary affiliation until 2014, when it began accepting subchannel-only affiliates through deals with

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Sunday through Fridays with fewer programs on Thursday and Friday evenings, as well as daytime children's programming during the morning and afternoon), PBS does not schedule all programs it supplies in set time slots, giving its members leeway in scheduling these programs in time slots of their choosing. Like the six larger commercial English language broadcast networks, its member stations handle the responsibility of programming time periods where programming supplied by the service is not broadcast, which are filled by cultural and public affairs programming of relevance to their market or region of service, and syndicated programs of various genres.

6105:(standardly with two episode "runs", separate sets of episodes of a particular program that are usually from different seasons, packaged for stations to air back-to-back or in different time slots), and in most cases, with additional weekend runs consisting of two (or in some cases, four) additional episodes. Marginally performing shows tend to last less than three to five years in broadcast syndication, sometimes moving to cable channels (although rerun packages of some series are sold simultaneously into both broadcast syndication and cable, and sometimes to more than one cable network) or into limited-run barter syndication (such as through 6276:). The systems cannot carry broadcast network affiliates from other parts of the country (this regulation has largely been openly ignored in recent years during carriage disputes), however cable systems can carry stations from nearby markets if there are no local stations affiliated with one of the major networks (though this is becoming far less common with the shift, particularly since 2006, towards over-the-air stations carrying one network affiliation on their main channel and an affiliation with another network on a digital subchannel, thus allowing these network-affiliated digital subchannels to be carried at least via digital cable). 5502: 4797: 1082:," airing only syndicated and some locally produced programming to fill their daily schedules. Many independent stations still exist in the U.S., usually historically broadcasting on the UHF band; however the number of them had drastically decreased (especially within individual markets) after 1995 due to the formation of newer broadcast networks that were created to compete against the four established competitors. Syndicated shows, often reruns of television series currently in or out of production and movies released as recently as three years prior to their initial syndication broadcast, take up much of their schedules. 2344: 6895:; infomercials also began to overtake other less-watched dayparts (such as weekends and during the daytime), which forced series that would otherwise be syndicated onto cable networks or off the air entirely. Cable networks have also begun selling infomercial space, usually in multiple-hour blocks in the early morning hours, while some dedicated channels devoted to infomercials have also launched since the early 1990s. Infomercials have earned a reputation as a medium for advertising scams and products of dubious quality, although by the same token, they have proven to be a successful method of selling products. 6670:, then began handing out broadcasting licenses on both the UHF and VHF bands, with the highest concentration of license grants and station sign-ons occurring between 1953 and 1956. Many successful VHF stations launched. By comparison, UHF television reception at this time required either purchasing a more expensive television with a UHF tuner in it – as UHF tuners were not mandated by law in sets – or buying a conversion kit that added the band to VHF televisions. Both of these prevented consumer adoption of UHF in the mid-1950s, and most UHF channels which went to air during this time period did not survive. 1128:

previous failed attempts at late night programming on Monday through Friday evenings between 1986 and 1993; Fox ceased original late night programming in favor of reruns in 2016). Its nightly prime-time schedule runs only two hours long on Monday through Saturdays and three hours on Sundays (something the network intentionally did to sidestep FCC regulations for television networks in effect at Fox's launch), and some of its major market affiliates used to broadcast on UHF before the digital transition (several affiliates though broadcast on VHF pre-transition, primarily as a result of

2990:, cable-style online and mobile streaming services priced at lower monthly rates than packages offered by traditional pay television system operators. Each include slimmed down tiers of cable and satellite-originated networks from a relatively limited number of network owners. Sling TV, in an effort to cap programming costs, does not include local broadcast stations or regional sports networks; conversely, PlayStation Vue does carry ABC-, NBC-, CBS- and Fox-affiliated stations in select cities where the service is available. PlayStation Vue shut down on January 30, 2020. 10783: 164: 4976:, legislation that among other provisions requires all broadcast television networks and stations to air at least three hours of educational children's programming each week. This has made it much harder for broadcast stations to profit from children's programs than was possible in previous years, eventually leading the major broadcast networks to abandon traditional scripted programs in favor of unscripted educational series with formats appealing to a more generalized audience to fulfill the requirements; noncommercial networks are exceptions to this new standard, as 5352: 4614: 1269:, which launched in September 1998 to provide the network's programming to markets where it would otherwise not be able to gain adequate over-the-air coverage), which, as a cost-effective method that reduces programming responsibilities on prospective affiliate stations, fills airtime not occupied by CW network programming with syndicated programs and infomercials; The CW Plus is distributed via digital subchannel and cable-only affiliates, making it also one of the only networks that has local affiliates that do not broadcast over-the-air. 6186:) has concentrated the number of station owners even further, as a result of increasing competition between over-the-air broadcasters and subscription television outlets as well as to increase leverage in negotiations with cable and satellite providers for retransmission consent (which since the early 2000s, has increasingly become a primary form of revenue for broadcast networks, which have required their affiliates to share a portion of the revenue received by pay television providers as an additional source of operational revenue). 2239:") – via satellite enabled WTCG to be received nationwide, especially in markets that did not have a local independent station or did not receive an out-of-market independent. In 1981, Turner Broadcasting split the Atlanta broadcast feed of WTBS from the satellite-delivered cable feed and began marketing the channel to cable providers as a "free market superstation". (The broadcast and cable feeds, however, simulcast one another with certain exceptions until October 2007, when Turner Broadcasting – which was acquired by 6366: 6791: 6030:". There are instances of initially low-rated shows surviving cancellation and later becoming highly popular, but these are rare. For the most part, shows that are not immediately or even moderately successful are cancelled by the end of November sweeps, if not shortly thereafter or earlier. Usually if a show is canceled, there is little chance of it ever coming back again especially on the same network it was canceled from; the only show in the U.S. to ever come back from cancellation on the same network is 1555:, Texas as its charter stations). It has risen to become the fifth highest-rated television network in the U.S. (behind NBC, CBS, ABC and Fox) and is the dominant Spanish language network in the U.S., with its ratings having risen to levels where it has beaten at least one of its English language competitors since the late 1990s. Although Univision originally featured programming content from a variety of distributors, the network now relies mainly on programs sourced from Mexico's dominant broadcaster, 6141:). Digital broadcast networks specializing in classic television programming that have become popular since the early 2010s have also served as short-term or long-term homes for many older series that have not been syndicated in decades or have ever been aired in reruns. Most reality shows perform poorly in reruns and are rarely seen as a result, other than reruns of series still in production, on the same network on which they air (almost always cable outlets), where they air as filler programming. 479:, which have become an increasingly popular mode of television viewing since the late 2000s, particularly with younger audiences as an alternative or a supplement to the aforementioned traditional forms of viewing television content; the 2010s saw the development of several virtual MVPD services offering "skinny" tiers of channels originally developed for cable and satellite distribution at a reduced base price compared to providers using the more established pay television distribution methods. 10998: 5475:(NBA) games are carried through regional sports networks, however the NFL only permits preseason games to air on RSNs on a limited basis (the league otherwise prohibits regular season and playoff games from airing on regional sports networks, but does permit national cable networks to acquire the rights to air them); the leagues (as well as the NFL) restrict the broadcast of their sports on regional networks to specific territories and require any person outside those territories to purchase an 6997: 359: 3180:

by selling local commercial time (usually allocating around four minutes per hour) for each advertiser-supported cable network it carries. However, while much of this time is sold to local and national advertisers, portions of the allocated commercial time are reserved by network affiliates and cable providers for in-house advertising (cable providers use some of this time to carry commercials for their services, which may also include business solutions, residential telephone and

6233:, if one of them is not among the market's four highest-rated, and if there are at least eight companies that each own full-power stations within the market. While the parent companies of NBC, ABC, CBS and Fox are not prohibited from owning a second broadcast network (and all of them, except for ABC, are co-owned with one), an FCC law known as the "dual-network rule" does disallow a single company from owning two or more of the major networks; this came into play in 2019, when 6983: 10521: 623:

shows, which encompassed a broad content spectrum that included variety, talk, music and sports programming. Today however, many (though not all) stations produce only local news programs, and in some cases, public affairs programs (most commonly, in the form of news and/or political analysis shows); the remainder of their schedules are filled with syndicated programs, or material produced independently and sold to individual stations in each local market.

2614: 818:(5:30 or 6:00 p.m. in other areas), however these are sometimes subject to pre-emption on weekends and select holidays due to sports programming that overlaps into the time slot, either because the event is scheduled to occur later in the day or extends beyond the set time block. (At the insistence of sports leagues, most televised sporting events are required to be broadcast until their completion. This is partly in reaction to the infamous 1968 " 603: 6214:. However, as companies like Sinclair and the Nexstar Media Group have used outsourcing as loopholes around ownership regulations at the expense of independent (and particularly, minority) ownership, the FCC has made attempts to restrict broadcasters from using them, passing a rule in April 2014 that disallowed all JSAs in which one company sells 15% of advertising for another station and required all existing ones to be unwound within five years (the 3199:, usually paying broadcasters for the right to carry their signals. This provision, over time, has resulted in problems between pay television providers and companies that own subscription television services as well as those own and/or operate over-the-air television stations, as disagreements over terms in retransmission contracts sometimes arise during negotiations to renew and (occasionally) strike new agreements to carry certain channels. The 4301: 2145: 4064: 974: 35: 10531: 5909: 2975:

markets. Aereo eventually suspended operations and filed for bankruptcy in November of that year, later choosing to auction off its assets and technology; FilmOn however remains in operation, offering other free-to-air U.S.-based networks in addition to its own exclusive channels, but was found in contempt by New York district court in July 2014 for briefly continuing to stream U.S. stations after the Supreme Court ruling.

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responsibility of programming first-run and syndicated programs, whereas their partner stations are only responsible for the programming of local content. The international programming model is used in the US by some smaller networks and multicast services, which are more cost-effective for their affiliate stations since they require little to no acquired or locally produced programming to fill airtime at the local level.

10510: 6962:, that medium was a bulky mechanical tape medium that was far less convenient than the all-digital technology that DVRs use (DVD recorders also began to be sold around this time, though this is also less convenient than the DVR technology since DVD discs are somewhat more fragile than videotapes, although both mediums allow to some extent for longer-term viewing than most DVRs). DVR technology allowed wide-scale 1190:

scheduled during the final hour of prime time – an hour earlier than newscasts seen on major network stations – at which time they compete with network dramas, rather than other local newscasts (although some news-producing Fox stations also carry newscasts in the traditional late news time period), and for one to three additional hours in the morning that overlap with morning news programs on ABC, NBC and CBS.

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some form of cable television was available in almost every market that already had over-the-air television service. Today, most American households receive cable television, and cable networks collectively have greater viewership than broadcast networks, even though individual programs on most of the major commercial broadcast networks often have relatively higher viewership than those seen on cable channels.

10541: 6431: 6150: 1279:; however, after experiencing continued low ratings for its prime time-exclusive schedule (even after several programming revamps that followed over the next three years after the initial format faltered), it converted into a "broadcast programming service" in September 2009, adopting a format made up of reruns of series originally aired on other networks for ten hours a week on Mondays through Fridays. 5133: 3353:

time periods (usually at 6:00 and 10:00 or 11:00 p.m. local time) until the 1970s or as late as the mid-1980s on some stations. During that period, stations began local news programs in the midday and 5:00 p.m. time slots, while morning newscasts began to become common during the 1980s (first on weekdays, with weekend morning newscasts launching in many cities beginning in the early 1990s).

639:; groups can cover up to 78% of the United States with their signals under the "UHF discount" (originally passed in 1985 to benefit UHF television stations that, prior to the 2009 digital transition, often had spotty signal quality), which allows broadcasters to count ownership of UHF stations by 50% of the station's audience reach. (The "discount" was repealed by the FCC under Chair 599:

markets with a limited number of commercial stations (generally, fewer than five), affiliation agreements are usually exclusive: for example, if a station is affiliated with NBC, it consequently would not air programs from ABC, CBS or other conventional broadcast networks but may carry specialty services intended to be carried on digital television signals on one or more subchannels.

2564:, meanwhile, are composed of individual multichannel packages broadcasting events from an individual sport that are carried by regional sports networks, and national and local broadcasters that hold rights to individual teams or sports leagues; the out-of-market sports package is the most expensive form of a la carte television service, ranging in price from $ 50 to $ 75 per month. 1320:, which began development around the time of the 2009 transition with FCC consideration to replace the current ATSC 1.0 as the technological standard for digital television expected to occur in 2016, uses improved compression technology able to fit additional subchannels on a single programming stream as well as allowing for the transmission of high definition content in the 887:) air. Sunday is the most-watched night on American television, with many of TV's most popular shows airing on that night. Viewership tends to then decline throughout the week, culminating in the lowest ratings being registered on Friday and Saturday night; most broadcast networks abandoned the programming of first-run scripted fare on Saturdays by 2004, in favor of sports, 1627:(Spanish pronunciation: , a pun on veme, "watch me") is a Spanish broadcast television network formerly carried in association with public television stations created for the United States Hispanic market, which is currently pursuing a pay-TV model. V-me delivers drama, music, current affairs, food, lifestyle, nature and educational pre-school content to its viewers. 960:, which requires stations to carry a minimum of three hours of programs featuring content benefiting the educational needs of youth each week) and public service programming. Sports and infomercials (and on some stations, syndicated feature film packages) can be found on weekend afternoons, followed again by the same type of prime-time shows aired during the week. 3130: 411:. In 2011, 96.7% of households owned television sets; about 114,200,000 American households owned at least one television set each in August 2013. Most households have more than one set. The percentage of households owning at least one television set peaked at 98.4%, in the 1996–1997 season. In 1948, 1 percent of U.S. households owned at least one 5992:

if ever, repeated (unless the network chooses not to air a new episode on certain major holidays), making it difficult for viewers to "catch up" when they miss an episode, though the television networks' adoption of online streaming during the late 2000s has made it easier for viewers to watch recent episodes of a particular soap. Cable channel

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theatrically released feature films and without interruptions by advertising. While HBO continues to feature theatrical films and specials, the service eventually became one of the first cable channels to successfully venture into original programming; by the late 1990s, HBO began to be known for groundbreaking first-run series (such as

1875:, Alabama became the first state in the country with an educational television network. Alabama Public Television was a model for other states in the nation and for television broadcasters in other countries. 25 other states copied Alabama's system of operation to provide service through multiple, linked television stations, using 1225:, which would gain full ownership of UPN five years after the network's launch) were launched primarily to compete against Fox, targeting the same younger demographic (teenagers and young adults 12 to 34) that network had built its success upon during the first half of the decade. In August 1998, Paxson Communications (later 6253:

channels often air program content with strong to graphic profanity, violence and nudity in some cases during the daytime hours. Such content is common on pay television services, as they are not subjected to FCC regulations and pressure from advertisers, and often require a subscription to view them. Some networks (such as

6918:(HD); prime time programs were the first to convert to the format, with daytime shows eventually being converted to HD beginning in the mid-2000s; the upgrade to full high-definition network schedules, at least among the conventional English language broadcast networks, was fully completed by September 2014 when the last 6587:). Although television sets were available for sale during this period (1939–1941) and three channels were operating in New York City, sales were slow, primarily due to a lack of compelling programming, limited broadcast schedules and the high price of the sets. In 1941, The National Television Systems Committee ( 6229:); however, it eventually allowed operators of public television stations to sign-on or acquire a second station that did not repeat the parent's signal (some of which were originally licensed as commercial outlets). In August 1999, the FCC legalized the common ownership of two commercial stations, known as 952:(which maintain a "week-in-review" format that focuses primarily on political and socioeconomic issues, and if a particular program's format is more fluid in regards to topical content, other news stories of major interest). Both of these help fulfill stations' legal obligations, respectively to provide 1261:

October 2018), and three hours on Saturday mornings (its children's program block may bleed into the afternoon hours on weekends on a few stations due to other locally scheduled programs). The CW is the only major broadcast network that operates a national programming service feed for smaller markets,

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During the 2000s, the major development in U.S. television programming was the growth of reality television, which proved to be an inexpensive and entertaining alternative to scripted prime time programming. The process of nonlinear video editing and digital recording allowed for much easier and less

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broadcasts occurred at this time, but was soon settled. Half of all U.S. households had television sets by 1955, though color was a premium feature for many years (most households able to purchase television sets could only afford black-and-white models, and few programs were broadcast in color until

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in off-network syndication. Reruns are a lucrative business for television producers, who can sell the rights to a "used" series without the expenses of producing it (though they may have to pay royalties to the affected parties, depending on union contracts). The sale of previously aired programs to

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Shows that are successful with audiences and advertisers receive authorization from the network to continue production, until the plotline ends (only for scripted shows) or if the contract expires. Those that are not successful are often quickly told to discontinue production by the network, known as

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Cable news channels traditionally carry blocks of more generalized news coverage during the morning and afternoon hours; programs focusing on politics (that are similar in format to the Sunday morning talk shows) and documentaries typically air on these channels during prime time and late night, with

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American television has had very successful programs that have inspired television networks across the world to develop shows of similar types. Some of these shows are still on the air and some have maintained decent runs in syndication. Conversely, many programs produced for U.S. television are also

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boxes are available that connect televisions to Internet television and/or online video services. These devices are marketed as more convenient for consumers who would otherwise have trouble connecting a computer to a full-size television and using a web browser to view content. Some televisions have

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of other prime time series; however first-run scripted programming continues to air on Fridays, being mixed in with newsmagazines and/or reality series, depending on the network. Networks, however, pay special attention to Thursday night, which is the last night for advertisers of weekend purchases –

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and 7:00 to 10:00 p.m. elsewhere, although this varies depending on the network and the day: the four major networks program an additional hour (running from 7:00 to 8:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific, 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. elsewhere) on Sunday evenings (many Spanish language broadcast networks

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However unlike in other countries, to ensure local presences in television broadcasting, federal law restricts the amount of network programming that local stations can run. Until the 1970s and 1980s, local stations supplemented network programming with a sizeable amount of their own locally produced

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Arrangements in which television stations carried more than one network on its main signal (which often resulted in some network programs being not being cleared to air locally by the station, thereby limiting their national carriage and resulting in viewers having to rely on an out-of-market station

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by a television network. Stations may sign affiliation agreements with one of the national networks for the local rights to carry their programming; these contracts can last anywhere from one to ten years, although such agreements often last on average between four and six years. Except in very small

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The FCC has virtually no jurisdiction over the content of programming exclusively broadcast on cable. As a result, anyone is free to create any number of channels or any sort of programming whatsoever without consulting the FCC. The only restrictions are on the ability to secure carriage on cable or

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months (which occur in November, February, May, and to a lesser extent July) are important landmarks in the television season – ratings earned during these periods determine advertising rates until the next sweeps period, therefore shows often have their most exciting plot developments happen during

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American soap operas air in the afternoon, five days a week, without any significant break in taping and airing schedules throughout the year. This means that these serials air approximately 260 episodes a year, making their cast and crew members the busiest in show business. These shows are rarely,

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has given breed to various networks created for distribution on these multiplexed feeds of new and existing stations. However, for the most part, very few of these networks have been able to gain a national reach on parity with many of the conventional commercial and non-commercial networks, in part

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bulletins from Fox News outside of prime time presidential addresses, and national and international events of utmost urgency. Most of Fox's affiliates now have local newscasts (only a small number of affiliates, mainly based in larger markets, carried news programming prior to the mid-1990s), often

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in the early pre-dawn hours of the morning (as was standard practice until the early 1970s in larger markets and until the mid-1980s in smaller ones), television stations now fill the time with syndicated programming, reruns of prime time television shows or late local newscasts (the latter becoming

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The federal government has imposed limits on how many stations an individual owner can hold. The earliest limits restricted owners from holding more than five stations across the entire country, and no more than one in any given market. As of 2017, these limits have been relaxed substantially. Since

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Over-the-air and free-to-air television do not necessitate any monthly payments, while cable, direct broadcast satellite (DBS), IPTV and virtual MVPD services require monthly payments that vary depending on the number of channels that a subscriber chooses to pay for in a particular package. Channels

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The standard broadcast television season in the United States consists of 22 episodes (which are typically broadcast over a period of nine months from September to May, depending on the date on which the program begins its season), although prior to the 1970s, a single season of a weekly television

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Networks sometimes preemptively purchase pilots to prevent other networks from controlling them – and the purchase of a pilot is no guarantee that the network will order additional episodes. In other cases, the network may be forced to commission the pilot to avoid shouldering monetary penalties if

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in first-run syndication, because that show is syndicated – it is not carried on a particular network). A few things that a television network takes under consideration in deciding to order a show is if the show itself is compatible with the network's target audience, the cost of production, and if

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While the majority of programs broadcast on American television are produced domestically, some programs carried in syndication, on public television or on cable are imported from other countries – most commonly, from the primarily English-speaking countries of Canada and the United Kingdom. PBS in

5306:, in return, is a cash windfall for the network which airs it as the broadcaster which holds the rights in a given year (which is rotated annually among the broadcast networks that hold rights to the league's regular season and playoff games) can make hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue from 3179:

minutes per hour, depending on the length of the program being aired, sometimes less during sporting events) to their local affiliates, which allow the local stations to generate revenue. In the same manner, in addition to subscription fees, cable television providers generate some of their revenue

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or other technical malfunction involving the main transmitter), off the air (a method used to relay broadcast stations to cable franchises in outlying areas and satellite providers), and from in-house sources and relay it to subscribers' homes. Usually, local governments award a monopoly to provide

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to continue offering their programming throughout the United States and Canada.) Other national superstations followed WTBS's lead in implementing a separate national feed that incorporated substitute programming for shows seen in the originating market that local stations declared themselves to be

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Ion broadcasts 24 hours a day, seven days a week (though only eighteen hours of its schedule each day consist of entertainment programming, with infomercials and religious programming making up the remainder of the schedule), making the Ion network the largest English-language commercial television

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in 2006 required over-the-air stations to cease analog broadcasts in 2009, with the end of analog television arriving on June 12 of that year (originally set for February 17, before Congress delayed it due to concerns about national household penetration of digital television by viewers reliant on

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Outsourcing agreements (known by multiple terms, mainly local marketing agreements , shared services agreements or joint sales agreements , albeit with little differentiation in their structure) have allowed some broadcasting companies to operate stations that they could otherwise not legally own

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that are targeted at the demographic and only provide educational content voluntarily – in which case, it is primarily aimed at preschool-aged children and relegated to morning hours, unless incorporated full-time as part of the channel's format, as is the case with the spin-offs of the former two

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in San Francisco), especially after the digital television transition, which has allowed some smaller stations in areas with heavy populations of Asian immigrants and American natives of Asian origin fluent in one of that continent's indigenous languages to carry such programming either as primary

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of programming, which had a negative impact on programming in time slots outside of prime time by allowing viewers to watch their favorite programs on demand. It also put pressure on advertisers, since DVRs make it relatively easy to skip over commercials (satellite provider Dish Network's Hopper

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of networks and major media companies since the 1990s, production arms operated by the broadcast networks have largely been absorbed into the existing production arms of their corporate parents). As advertising rates are based on the size of the audience, measuring the number of people watching a

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Local news programming airs on many television stations, with individual markets supporting as few as two or as many as eight television news operations, depending on the number of available viewers that live in the market. Most stations originally aired locally produced newscasts only in evening

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ruled in July 2014 that Aereo's business model had an "overwhelming likeness to cable companies," and its transmission of local station signals constituted an unauthorized public performance in violation of copyright rules, forcing Aereo and FilmOn to stop transmitting local stations from several

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Although most networks make viewers pay a fee to receive their programming, some networks broadcast using unencrypted feeds. After broadcast television switched to a digital infrastructure, new channels became available on unencrypted satellites to bring more free television to Americans; some of

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Premium channels – cable networks that subscribers have to pay an additional fee to their provider to receive – began launching in the 1970s and initially grew in popularity as it allowed subscribers to watch movies without time or content editing common with over-the-air television broadcasts of

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acronym, "community antenna TV". In that decade, national networks that exclusively transmitted via cable and maintained their own individual programming formats began to launch, while cable system franchises began operating in major cities with over-the-air television stations. By the mid-1970s,

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In smaller cities and rural areas, the major broadcast networks may also rely on digital subchannels to be seen in these areas, as the market may not be populous enough to support a financially independent station for each network. As such FCC regulations govern cable providers must provide basic

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As ratings declined on daytime over-the-air network broadcast television, game shows and soap operas that were the staples of the 1970s and 1980s began to disappear going into the 21st century, with both genres becoming near-obsolete by 2020. They were gradually replaced by much cheaper and more

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to local stations, which stipulate stations' commitments to educational and public-interest programming. During the early years of commercial television, the FCC permitted a single company to own a maximum of five television stations nationwide (later raised to seven stations in 1984 and then to

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Cable and digital broadcast networks have provided outlets for programming that either has outlived its syndication viability, lacks the number of episodes necessary for syndication, or for various reasons was not a candidate for syndication in the first place. Popular dramas, for instance, have

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that occur because of these differences typically result in broadcast stations or cable channels being pulled for a protracted period of time, often due to carriage fee increases that a provider may consider to be too expensive (since retransmission consent fees are a form of subscriber fee, any

2664:

objecting to the network's decision to encrypt its feed.) Satellite television also began a digital transition, well before over-the-air broadcasting did the same, to increase satellite capacity and/or reduce the size of the receiving antennas; this also made it more difficult for individuals to

1260:

programs). The CW broadcasts fourteen hours a week of programming in prime time, all airing on Monday through Sundays (the network maintained a three-hour evening lineup on Sundays from 2006 to 2009, when that time was turned over to its affiliates; it reinstated Sunday prime time programming in

521:

interest, and regulations prohibiting the airing of indecent content) to retain it; the FCC's Board of Commissioners maintains oversight of the renewal of existing station licenses approaching their expiration, with individuals or groups who wish to oppose the granting of a renewal to a licensee

5259:

from an indirect in-ring injury during another televised contest a year later; by 1964, boxing was off national television. The rise of pay-per-view and premium channels led to most of the highest-profile matches returning to the airwaves via subscription television. While it still maintains a

2969:

have run into legal problems with broadcasters who accused the services of transmitting programs from broadcast television stations in violation of copyrights. Although Aereo and FilmOn both stated that their use of "miniature" antennas for transmission of programs to individual users is legal,

1923:

has also provided blocks of programming to a variety of affiliates in the U.S., and increasingly feeds from other national broadcasters (including Deutsche Welle's DW-TV) have been distributed through digital subchannels belonging to public stations in the U.S. New York City's municipally-owned

1813:

in Washington, D.C.), station groups and affiliated producers create programming and provide these through PBS to other affiliates. While it does provide a base slate of programming to its member stations (which is limited to roughly thirteen hours a week of programming in prime time, airing on

1229:

prior to being bought by Scripps in 2021) launched Pax TV to counterprogram the four larger networks as well as The WB and UPN, with a focus on family-oriented original and acquired programming; due to underperforming viewership in its initial format, Pax relaunched as i: Independent Television

554:

and satellite television during the mid- and late 1990s, additional channels with more limited distribution are offered as add-ons to the basic packages through separate tiers, which are commonly organized based on the programming format of the channels sold in the tier. A la carte subscription

6252:

period, broadcasters are hesitant to do this, concerned that airing such material would alienate advertisers and encourage the federal government to strengthen regulation of television content. Premium cable networks are exceptions, and often air very racy programming at night, though premium

6181:

by group owners (either independent companies or network-owned subsidiary groups), with a relatively limited number of companies that remain which own stations in five or fewer markets; a series of station purchases that have occurred since 2011 (when the Sinclair Broadcast Group acquired the

1630:

Currently, The Hispanic Information and Telecommunications Network, Inc. (HITN) is the largest Spanish-language broadcasting network in the United States. It delivers educational programming to over 42 million homes nationwide, and reaches over 40% of U.S. households. Its distribution network

1127:

arm in December 1993, Fox has established itself as a major player in broadcast television. However, Fox differs from the three older networks in that it does not air daily morning and nightly news programs or have network-run daytime or weeknight late night schedules (though the network made

947:

and in some cases, live-action scripted series and even game shows targeted at the demographic, although live-action lifestyle, science and wildlife programs have become the norm for the timeslot since 2009, while animated series have primarily been relegated to non-commercial and non-English

2665:

intercept these signals. Eventually, the industry began to cater to individuals who wanted to continue to receive satellite television (and were willing to pay for it) in two ways: by authorizing the descrambling of the original satellite feeds to the cable television operators, and with new

813:

Network daytime schedules consist of talk shows and soap operas, although one network – CBS – still carries game shows (a handful of other game shows otherwise air in syndication); local newscasts may air at midday timeslots. Syndicated talk shows are shown in the late afternoon, followed by

626:

The method of most commercial stations – those that rely, at least partly, on advertising for revenue – acquiring programs through distributors of syndicated content to fill time not allotted to network and/or local programming differs from other countries worldwide where networks handle the

3497:) as either rigged or outright fabricated and triggered major reforms. The fallout from the scandal led to stricter limits on game show prizes that lasted for the rest of the 20th century. High-stakes quiz shows made a comeback in the late 1990s, particularly with the American adaptation of 1586:

began heavily investing in its news and entertainment programming. Unlike Univision, the majority of Telemundo's programming is produced specifically for the network. In addition to carrying the traditional programming format for Spanish language broadcasters (which typically incorporates

2135:

While pay television systems existed as early as the late 1940s, until the early 1970s, cable television only served to distribute distant over-the-air television stations to rural areas not served by stations that are based locally. This role was reflected in the original meaning of the

850:

also program this additional hour to begin their prime time lineups on all seven nights of the week); Fox, The CW and MyNetworkTV, in contrast, do not carry any programming during the 10:00/9:00 p.m. hour and leave that hour for their affiliates to provide programming of their own.

1891:

and viewer contributions (including from private benefactors) to finance their operations and programming production. Various public television outlets – albeit not on all individual PBS member and independent public broadcasting stations and PBS member networks simultaneously – hold

1727:. Prior to the development of closed captioning, it was not uncommon for some public television programs to incorporate ASL translations by an on-screen interpreter. An interpreter may still be used for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community for on-air emergency broadcasts (such as 671:), whose stations by contrast are entirely centrally operated and do not maintain local programming, which it acquired to have that group's stations serve primarily as pass-through outlets for Scripps’ various multicast network properties. Two other ownership groups in particular, 4758:, which hit their peak during the 1990s, also veered into exploitation and titillation. Most daytime talk programs air in syndication, with various attempts airing on network television to mixed results among the more notable network efforts are the female-driven panel talk shows 6707:) were also staples of early television and to a certain extent remain popular today, well after those film shorts mostly stopped being produced in the 1960s. The 1950s saw the first flowering of the genres that would distinguish television from movies and radio: talk shows like 5325:(NHL), in contrast, was much slower to embrace television, due to its initially regional nature and greater reliance on Canadian television, though it would begin broadcasting its events nationally on a wider basis after Fox acquired the rights to the league's game broadcasts in 2644:

feeds that did not require advanced or expensive technology. Since these same satellites were also used internally by the television networks, they could also watch programs not intended for public broadcast such as affiliate feeds without commercials and/or intended for another

6764:'s annual New Year's Eve big-band remotes ran until 1979, two years after Lombardo's death. Game shows were also a major part of the early part of television, aided by massive prizes unheard of in the radio era; however, the pressure to keep the programs entertaining led to the 6665:

in 1948, due to concerns over station interference. There were barely more than 100 stations operating at the end of the freeze as of 1952, concentrated in many (but not all) major cities. After four years of deliberation, the FCC ended the license freeze. It reorganized the

692:

to its own stations and those owned by partner companies and other unaffiliated group owners) but each own over 150 stations, each covering over three-eighths of the country. In terms of number of stations, Nexstar and Sinclair run first and second, with third place held by

1963:, which it began purchasing time on in the following year after KBSA was sold; it gradually became the most widely distributed Christian television network in the world with 20 networks (including five in the United States that are primarily available through multicasting, 2011:

and Word of God Fellowship, respectively) used by them to operate stations that TBN and Daystar cannot own outright due to FCC regulations prohibiting individual broadcasting companies from owning television stations reaching more than 39% of all U.S. television markets.

1334:

created the network in 2005, originally relying mostly on public domain series before expanding to a broader library of licensed reruns. RTN's initial success was dented by its owner's financial collapse and further difficulties pertaining to its successor, current owner

6283:(of which there are currently only five around the country), which for the most part are often aired in rural areas and may omit network programming from that station's network affiliation; all superstations, are currently affiliated with a broadcast television network: 1530:

Several Spanish language broadcast (as well as cable) networks exist, which are the most common form of non-English television broadcasts. These networks are not as widely distributed over-the-air as their English counterparts, available mostly in markets with sizeable

6078:

have been picked up or revived by internet television streaming services. It is also somewhat common for series to continue production for the purpose of completing a DVD set, even if these episodes will never air on television (these episodes would, in years past, be

3837:

Soap operas have also become common in prime time, which differ from their daytime counterparts as they use the traditional weekly format and maintain a visual style traditional of other nighttime network series (particularly, nighttime soaps are recorded on film in a

5545:), which typically air on its member stations on weekend evenings (although their scheduling is at the discretion of the station as these programs are primarily syndicated on behalf of outside distributors); PBS was also responsible for bringing the hit period drama 6591:) standardized on a 525-line system, and authorized the official start of advertising-based, commercial television. This would provide the basis for television across the country through the end of the century. On July 1, 1941, W2XBS became commercial WNBT (now 2095:

Spanish-language religious networks ESNE (Roman Catholic), Almavision (Christian), Vision Latina (Iglesia Universal) and Enlace (Christian) provide religious programming to the Spanish-speaking viewers across the United States with sermons, discussions and music.

6844:

and other offbeat characters. Local programs could often be popular and profitable, but concerns about product promotion led them to almost completely disappear by the mid-1970s. The last remaining locally originated shows on American television as of 2016 are

6890:

Infomercials were legalized in 1984, approximately the same time that cable television became widespread. Over the course of the 1980s and 1990s, stations began airing infomercials – as well as news and entertainment programs – throughout the night instead of

6867:. Subscription television largely migrated to cable television through the early 1980s, as providers began to offer dedicated channels alongside local and out-of-market broadcast stations and cable service gradually expanded to more metropolitan areas. Analog 5888:, and MundoMax distributes programming from Colombian broadcaster and network owner RCN Television. In addition to being shown on free-to-air television, Latin American TV series are also shown through streaming services. Examples include the Argentine series 2602:). Satellites were generally used only for international (i.e., transoceanic) communications; their antennas covered an entire hemisphere, producing weak signals that required large, expensive receiving antennas. The first domestic communications satellite, 3135: 3134: 3131: 6098:

other outlets, including the Internet, television stations outside the United States and traditional off-network syndication, constitutes up to half of an individual show's revenue stream as of 2017, with the other half coming from first-run advertising.

2543:

are cable outlets designed to cover a limited geographic region and metropolitan area, which carry events from local professional and collegiate sports teams, as well as team-related programs, news and magazine programs. The most prominent of these are

6971:

expensive editing of mass amounts of video, making reality television more viable than it had been in previous decades. All four major broadcast networks carry at least one long-running reality franchise in their lineup at any given time of the year.

3136: 6225:(a full-power station that relays programming from its parent station to areas within the market that are not adequately covered if at all by the main signal) or a low-power station (either one that maintains its own programming or operates as a 2536:) began launching in the mid-1980s, allowing subscribers to purchase movies and events on a one-time-only basis via telephone; with the advent of digital cable, interactive technologies allowed pay-per-view selections to be purchased by remote. 5454:

Sports broadcasts are carried through a number of televised media. Most of the major sports have some presence on commercial broadcast television, including all NFL regular season and most playoff games. National cable networks, beginning with

663:, whose stations cover 65% of the nation; Scripps primarily operates affiliates of the six major networks, most maintaining full-scale local operations and/or news departments, though its reach greatly expanded in 2021 through its purchase of 6315:

are affiliated with MyNetworkTV. A few of these superstations once had national distribution, carrying a separate feed that aired different programming than that of the local area feed and even some that also aired on the local feed that is

845:, 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. in other areas), and lead into the networks' prime time schedules, which are the day's most-watched three hours of television. The traditional prime time schedule runs from 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. in the Eastern and 3585:

and (for its first five years in syndication) Dennis James; they changed the nature of game shows in that their atmosphere was more raucous than most panel games and quiz shows. Word guessing games are a format particularly associated with

1535:

populations; several of these over-the-air networks are alternatively fed directly to cable, satellite and IPTV providers in markets without either the availability or the demand for a locally based owned-and-operated or affiliate station.

502:(FCC) has reduced the bandwidth allocation for UHF three times since then. Channels 70 to 83 were cut for emergency and other telecommunications purposes in 1983. In 2009, channels 52 to 69 were removed by mandate at the completion of the 6768:, in which it was revealed many of the popular high-stakes games were rigged or outright scripted. The Saturday morning cartoons, animated productions made specifically for television (and, accordingly, with much tighter budgets and more 549:

Elevated programming tiers commonly start with an expanded basic package, offering a selection of subscription channels intended for wide distribution (primarily those that launched between the 1970s and the 1990s); since the upspring of

6328:) became the first "basic cable" network to be uplinked to satellite in December 1976, had converted its national feed into a conventional cable channel in October 2007; WGN-TV in Chicago was uplinked in October 1978; its national feed, 4545:). A new variant – competition series placing ordinary people in unusual circumstances or in talent contests, generally eliminating at least one participant per week, exploded in popularity in turn of the millennium (with shows such as 10904: 6320:-proof (in other words, syndicated programming to which the superstation has obtained full signal rights to air nationally); the two most prominent of these nationally distributed stations were TBS and WGN-TV. TBS, whose former parent 3806:

The soap opera genre experienced a gradual decline beginning in the 1980s due to the continued migration of women into the workplace, culminating in five soaps being canceled by NBC, CBS and ABC between 2007 and 2011 (of those, one,

2655:

was introduced to prevent people from receiving pay content for free, and nearly every pay channel was encrypted by the mid-to-late 1980s. (This did not happen without protest, such as an incident in which a Florida satellite dealer

522:

based on any disagreement over rule compliance or any other issues inclined to contest it for consideration of revocation. Free-to-air and subscription television networks, however, are not required to file for a license to operate.

3006:

of their programming. These networks include CBS (launched CBS All Access in October 2014, featuring both on-demand content and live streams of the network's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates), HBO (in April 2015, launched

3204:

increase in fees that a provider carries will be passed on to the subscriber, which providers are hesitant to do out of concern that it may result in subscriber defections due to the resulting rate increases for program packages).

7119: 6829:; genres such as the panel game show, western, variety show, barn dance and rural-oriented sitcom all met their demise in favor of newer, more modern series targeted at wealthier suburban and urban viewers. Around the same time, 2882:

for both traditional and new programming providers, usually optimized for a small screen and mobile bandwidth constraints. Mobile video is available for direct download or streaming (usually for a one-time download fee) from the

2758:

capabilities (allowing viewers to watch broadcasts from over-the-air networks and stations, and cable channels in near real-time), but require password and username authentication through participating pay television providers.

6007:

that run during the show to pay the production company, which in turn pays the cast and crew, and keeps a share of the profits for itself (networks sometimes act as both production companies and distributors, though due to the

6805:

The quality of American television underwent a marked decline in the late 1950s and early 1960s as anthology series disappeared from the network schedules in favor of an oversaturation of westerns, rural and fantasy sitcoms,

3133: 4960:

Some locally produced children's programs – which often mixed cartoons, special guests and audience-participation games – also became popular in the local markets where they were broadcast; one of the most popular was the

4382:

and science fiction are also popular with American viewers, since these programs take elements of comedy, drama, adventure, or a combination of all of the above. Among the most notable fantasy series in this genre include

5983:

are examples of successful midseason replacements). Unscripted series have a different stage of development, as the program is generally pitched only as a concept, often without a pilot being ordered or already produced.

5624:(a spin-off of Ion Television), has much of its schedule composed of reruns of since-discontinued Canadian lifestyle series. Among some of the more well-known Canadian television series among American viewers include the 1859:– have state-owned public broadcasting authorities that operate and fund all public television stations in their respective states. The Alabama Educational Television Commission, licensee for the nine stations comprising 631:

1999, an ownership group is now legally allowed to own up to two signals in a market (which can amount to many more actual channels through digital transmission); since the early 1990s, some broadcasters have also used a

1606:

aimed at Hispanic and Latino Americans, the network airs a mix of dramatic television series from the 1970s to the 2000s and movies, with all programming consisting of shows dubbed into Spanish; and independent networks

3225: 2055:

from church services or other religious teaching series for programming, although they also incorporate faith-based children's programming and also air religious-themed feature-length films. Other religions outside of

1879:

to relay the originating station's programming to other areas. Similar state networks have also been created by commercial broadcasters to relay network programming throughout portions or even the entirety of a state.

581:

The United States has a "decentralized", market-oriented television system, particularly in regard to broadcast television. The nation has a national public television service known as the Public Broadcasting Service

2107:. Most popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, the rise of the Internet and subscription satellite television (the latter of which is not required to carry public-access television services) has forced it to evolve. 5883:

American Spanish-language networks also import much of their programming; for example, Univision imports much of its programming, especially telenovelas that are broadcast on the network, from Mexican broadcaster

2649:; raw footage from remote news teams; advance transmissions of upcoming programs; and live news and talk shows during breaks when those on camera might not realize that anyone outside the network could hear them. 658:

All four of the major television networks directly own and operate a number of stations, concentrating mostly on the largest metropolitan areas. The largest ownership group in terms of coverage of the U.S. is the

3001:

Conventional broadcast and cable networks also launched OTT services during 2014 and 2015 to primarily reach cord-cutters – most of which are younger adults, particularly around college age, and to combat online

11649: 11619: 11524: 10914: 10884: 10747: 5302:(AFL) telecasts helped earn professional football a status as a mainstay of the major television networks. American television pays the NFL billions of dollars each year to maintain their television rights; the 1750:(a service focusing on the U.S. space program with some educational programming) for public consumption, but only distributes that service via satellite and the Internet and not through terrestrial outlets; the 4660:

in syndication during its first five-year run beginning in 1989, the late-night talk show genre would not become a more competitive field until the 1990s, when CBS gained a major foothold in the field with the

5861:

became an unexpected hit in the United States in 2021 through its appearance on Netflix. France has also contributed a number of computer-animated series to American television in the 21st century, among them

1615:'s Spanish language independent stations in the early 2000s and eventually launched nationally in September 2009, featuring a traditional lineup of Latino-focused programming largely produced by Liberman) and 1442:

is the largest operator of subchannel networks by total number (which are largely carried on low-power outlets), which in addition to the Retro Television Network include among others country and rural themed

5954:. Some of these scripts are turned into pilots for proposed television programs. The production company markets those they consider commercially viable to television networks – or television distributors for 2312:. By the time it reformatted as the CBN Cable Network in 1981, it refocused towards secular family-oriented programming, carrying a mix of reruns of classic television series and feature films alongside its 2300:

The second basic cable network, the first to operate as a cable-originated outlet and the first such network to be uplinked via satellite from launch was the CBN Satellite Network, launched in April 1977 by

1482:

and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in October 2015, focusing on science fiction series and films sourced from the MGM library), and networks which do not completely if at all rely on archived scripted programming like

2629:(a method used primarily to relay local stations based within metropolitan areas to the franchise, and acts as a backup for the system operator if a broadcast station's over-the-air signal is affected by a 2102:

is a noncommercial form of television required by law to be offered to cable television consumers, in which members of the public are free to place their programming on the cable service. It is a subset of

6393:. (Norton dropped out of the venture shortly thereafter and eventually folded in 1932 amid disputes with the FCC over its AM allocation. Western New York would not get a full-time television station until 498:, which – with some exceptions – typically differs from their physical allocation and corresponds to the station's former analog channel. The UHF band originally spanned from channels 14 to 83, though the 5759:

led to a wave of tokusatsu adaptations in the mid-1990s, none of which survived beyond two years. More recently Japanese live-action series started to be shown in the country by Netflix, examples include

426:

internationally. Because of a surge in the number and popularity of critically acclaimed television series in the 2000s and the 2010s, many critics have said that American television has entered a modern

11644: 10909: 3829:

were revived on Hulu for one additional season in 2013 with those series' second cancellations resulting from a dispute between originating broadcaster ABC and the production company that acquired them,

759:

during FCC inquiries over NBC's dominant share of the American radio market, although the ABC television network would not reach viewership and distribution parity with NBC and CBS until the late 1960s.

618:

station with more limited signal coverage (which maintain a reduced transmitting power not exceeding 100 kilowatts, with a more limited signal radius covering an area 30–60 miles from the transmitter).

2243:

in 1996 – decided to separate the programming on both feeds, therefore making TBS a cable-exclusive entertainment network with a principal focus on comedy, and reformatting the Atlanta signal under the

2263:) in New York City – to uplink their signals to satellite for redistribution by cable systems outside the station's primary coverage area. (The practice has since been restricted by the FCC, although 542:

for areas not served by a local affiliate of one or more of the major broadcast networks; however, since the digital television transition in the late 2000s, these have been replaced in some cases by

422:

As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for American networks are the most widely

11574: 10824: 6268:

Cable television is largely, but not entirely, unregulated. Cable providers must include local over-the-air stations in their offerings on each system (stations can opt to gain carriage by seeking a

4642:

ushered in a multi-decade period of dominance by one network – NBC – in American late-night programming and paved the way for many similar programs combining comedy and celebrity interviews, such as

6760:, a big band-driven musical variety show, ran from 1951 until Welk's retirement in 1982 and in reruns from then onward (which eventually moved from commercial to public television syndication), and 2289:

in March 2021) converted into a conventional cable channel in 2014, no national superstations exist in the United States and the six remaining regional superstations are limited to distribution via

3154:. According to a 2001 survey, broadcast stations allocated 16 to 21 minutes of programming time per hour to commercials. Most cable networks also generate income from advertisements, although most 6347:

Because the United States had relatively weak copyright terms until 1976, a large body of older television series have lapsed into the public domain and are thus free to redistribute in any form.

6244:" material over-the-air between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 pm. Broadcast stations can legally air almost anything they want late at night – and cable networks at all hours. However, nudity and 2777:

Streaming television is similar to a cable subscription model, but instead of the set-top box receiving information via a dedicated wire, video is transmitted over the public Internet or private

1147:

in New York City and Los Angeles do not include the network's name within their callsigns (Fox's owned-and-operated stations in New York City and Los Angeles instead use the respective callsigns

5237:

is a major component of the American commercial television industry. Sports tend to draw a large, wealthy audience that can command large sums of revenue from advertising and subscription fees.

6036:(which was cancelled by Fox in 2002 and was revived by the network in 2005 due to the increased popularity of the series through reruns on cable and DVD releases). However, canceled shows like 2610:") dishes only a few meters in diameter, well within the means of local cable television operators. HBO became the first cable network to transmit programming via satellite in September 1975. 11464: 10667: 9209:

As the bloodstained 1960–61 season crawled toward its grave last week, it had proved one thing to everybody's satisfaction: it was the worst in the 13-year history of U.S. network television.

3457:

tend to be more serious in demeanor and are based on trivia, with their appeal drawn from the intelligence of the contestant and the often high prize payouts; they often air in prime time or

1248:

decided to merge UPN and The WB, with The CW also drawing from the latter's broadcast and cable assets and scheduling model (The WB's online assets remained separate, although its former web

8134: 2560:, which comprise multiple networks serving different regions of the United States. Independently owned regional sports networks also exist in some regions served by one of the major groups. 11514: 10737: 8592: 6336:, which ceased operations in January 1997, before the station regained national superstation status as a satellite-exclusive service – through its New York City feed – a few months later. 4972:

However, in 1990, due to concerns regarding commercial advertising and cross-promotion in children's programs by parental advocacy groups, the Federal Communications Commission passed the

2800:– the canceling of cable subscriptions in favor of online content that consumers supplement with either over-the-air broadcasts, DVD rentals or a combination of all three viewing methods. 10839: 2324:), focusing more on family entertainment programs and reducing reliance on religious programs; this shift towards an entertainment format was more pronounced in its subsequent formats as 2227:

reached an agreement with media executive Howard H. Hubbard to set up a cable network via satellite transmission. Turner's decision to distribute his station – which subsequently had its

11069: 7137: 11424: 10602: 6967:

technology, which eliminates commercials entirely, was even the subject of lawsuits by the major networks during the early and mid-2010s due to fears over diluted advertising revenue).

11579: 10829: 6883:. As the number of outlets for potential new television channels increased, this also introduced the threat of audience fracturing, in that it would become more difficult to attain a 4429:(centering on fairytale characters that are trapped in the present day after the enactment of a curse). Science fiction series were originally more child-oriented, taking cues from 5287: 3026:

are also available. These services generally do not offer most of the high-profile original content available on cable, satellite or subscription video services and instead package

1525: 3132: 6060:

have been picked up by other networks, which is becoming an increasingly common practice; similarly, in the 2010s, some programs cancelled by traditional television networks like

2508:) that were edgier and more risque in content than those allowed to air on broadcast networks. Other pay-extra networks launched in the years subsequent to HBO's launch including 5755:, with newly filmed bridging sequences involving American actors (as the action sequences were entirely done in full costume, those scenes only had to be dubbed). The success of 10932: 2637:

Enterprising individuals soon found they could install their own satellite dishes and eavesdrop on the feeds to the cable operators. The signals were transmitted as unscrambled

1903:. There are also a number of syndicators dealing exclusively or primarily with public broadcast stations, both PBS and independent public television stations (most prominently, 342: 5340:, as well as college basketball, from the early 1950s until 1984. In the latter year, the Supreme Court struck down the NCAA's collective television contract as a violation of 11634: 10894: 6614:, but a few pioneer stations remained on the air throughout the war, primarily WNBT, WCBW and WABD (the former W2XWV, which became commercially licensed in 1944, owned by the 5170:

of the 1990s, WWF and WCW maintained a heated televised rivalry. The boom eventually collapsed by the turn of the millennium, and McMahon purchased WCW in 2001 and an upstart

3213:

routinely syndicated to broadcasters in other countries, and a number of popular American programs have been based on shows that originated in other countries, especially the

2340:(to which it was renamed in January 2016 to signify its shift toward a broad schedule of family-oriented shows as well as series of appeal to teen and young adult audiences). 530:

basis). Most conventional subscription television services offer a limited basic (or "lifeline") tier, a minimum base package that includes only broadcast stations within the

5483:

sports to broadcast their events. Unlike in some other countries, public television does not own any sports rights, nor has it ever been a major factor in sports television.

11629: 11057: 10952: 10937: 10927: 10874: 6202:

outright due to in-market ownership regulations; these arrangements first began in 1991, when the Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into such an arrangement to run WPTT (now

1793:(which was established in 1954). Unlike the commercial networks, PBS does not officially produce any of its own programming; instead, individual PBS stations (most notably, 383: 5573:

continues to be syndicated to public television stations and, in reruns, is also syndicated to commercial digital multicast networks such as the Retro Television Network).

11639: 10899: 9441: 814:

additional local newscasts in the early evening time period. ABC, CBS and NBC offer network news programs each evening, generally airing at 6:30 or 7:00 p.m. in the

11519: 10742: 6401:

processes. Full-time broadcasts began in the early 1930s, particularly in New York City; these were almost exclusively studio-based shows, among them the murder mystery

2385:(which originally focused on music videos when it launched in April 1981, but now largely features music-related, original scripted and reality television programming), 513:

to broadcast legally (which any prospective broadcaster can apply for through the FCC) and must comply with certain requirements (such as those involving programming of

11449: 10652: 6818:." Though Minow's attempts to exhort the networks into producing better programming failed to make a major impact, his advocacy for UHF (to expand viewer choices) and 11584: 10834: 11479: 10986: 10687: 6000:, and originally a television listings service formerly known under several names including the Prevue Channel) began airing same-day repeats of some network soaps. 6658:) in Los Angeles. When that conflict ended, these stations expanded their broadcast schedules and many other organizations applied for television station licenses. 11554: 11459: 10804: 10752: 10662: 8897: 6825:

Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, concurrent with the development of color television, the evolution of television led to an event colloquially known as the

5496: 3192: 2679:

are the major DBS providers in the country, with 20 and 14 million customers respectively as of February 2014. Meanwhile, the major cable television providers are

869:), and more adult-oriented scripted programs – both comedies and dramas – have largely replaced them. Later in the evening, drama series of various types (such as 10964: 5070:

was seen on public television, exploded in popularity several years after Ross died as younger viewers came to appreciate Ross's kind and quiet style of teaching

11569: 11474: 10819: 10682: 7159: 1383:) used a similar format, focusing on older as well as some relatively recent feature films; it helped to spawn similar movie-oriented broadcast networks such as 2512:, which launched on September 16, 1976, with a similar format; and movie-oriented services such as Star Channel (which launched in April 1973, and later became 2457:(which began in 1982 as a premium channel focusing on international films and arts programming, but now focuses mostly on reality series and mainstream films), 11509: 11439: 11016: 10722: 10692: 10622: 7045: 5800: 5123: 576: 319: 182: 8724: 6344:(the shift of a channel's programming format away from that which it originally maintained) is much more common in the United States than in other countries. 4839:

from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. Programs shown during these time periods mainly consisted of animated programming including classic cartoons (such as

3392:, which placed set time limits on story packages presented during the program, to cover a broader array of stories. WPVI was itself heavily influenced by the 2669:

television services using their own satellites. These latter services, which began operating in the mid-1990s, offer programming similar to cable television.

1587:

telenovelas, variety series, news, sports and films imported from Latin American countries), also includes dubbed versions of American feature film releases.

11559: 10809: 7862: 6719:. Although sitcoms were a radio fixture since the late 1930s (many 1940s radio sitcoms jumped directly to television), television allowed far greater use of 5295: 1742:

has a far smaller role in the United States than in most other countries. The federal government, through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (

9785: 8759: 7746: 6807: 6522: 5044:), that mainly show sitcoms, original and syndicated animation, and Japanese anime which have adult themes such as gore, sexual situations, and profanity. 261: 8282: 7956: 7461: 11255: 6914:

into being the standard transmission method for over-the-air broadcasts. The major broadcast networks began transitioning to recording their programs in

6360: 5971:, meaning they are ordered specifically to fill holes in a network schedule created by the failure and cancellation of shows that premiered in the fall; 5392: 5084:

bible readings, instructional television is a staple of religious broadcasting. A common form of instructional television, both noncommercially (such as

2164:), which was also the first television network intended for cable distribution on a regional or national basis. HBO launched on November 8, 1972, to 365 772:". Fox, built partly on the remnants of DuMont, is a relative newcomer that began operations in 1986 and expanded its programming through the 1990s. The 506:. In 2020, transition away from channels above 36 was completed to make room for its use by telecommunications companies, after a 2017 spectrum auction. 5666:. Australian television shows have occasionally appeared on American television, but these have historically been limited to children's series (such as 1570:, a sister network of NBC (which acquired Telemundo in 2001) that was also established in 1986 through a consortium of three Spanish-language stations, 11290: 6911: 3499: 8693: 6935:

further compressed the UHF band, eliminating channels 38 through 51, and was completed in 2020. Most of the remaining stations on analog in 2021 were

6218:

backed a provision passed as part of a November 2015 Congressional budget bill that extended to the time limit to unwind existing JSAs to ten years).

5182:(ECW), and merged them into WWF to form the modern WWE. WWE maintains a dominant presence in professional wrestling; its largest rival as of 2020 is 11041: 8658: 6931:

originally had until September 2015 to terminate analog broadcasts, a deadline that was later postponed and eventually took effect in July 2021. The

6551:

division, introduced the first, regularly scheduled, 441-line electronic television service in the United States over New York City's W2XBS (today's

2092:

operate "lifestyle" channels with secular home, garden and human interest programming, and JLTV runs classic comedy reruns from Jewish entertainers.

1655:, and a host of smaller distributors. Its stated mission is "to advance the educational, social, cultural, and economic circumstances of Hispanics." 912:

aired on Thursday nights (several of which aired on NBC), before the re-emergence of Sunday as the top night of prime time programming in the 2000s.

9133: 4665:; competition in the genre increased even further as cable networks entered into the genre in the 2000s and 2010s with the rise of parody news show 1731:

alerts given by local governments) as well as televised press conferences by local and state government officials accompanied by closed captioning.

1543:, launched in 1986 as a successor to the Spanish International Network (which debuted in September 1962, with Spanish language independent stations 11285: 9111: 8815: 7035: 6836:

Stations across the country also produced their own local programs. Usually carried live, they ranged from simple advertisements to game shows and

6332:, also converted into a traditional cable channel in December 2014, when it dropped all remaining WGN-TV programming. WWOR-TV also once operated a 5127: 3413: 2606:, was launched in 1974. By concentrating its signal on the continental United States with a directional antenna, Westar 1 could transmit to TVRO (" 2285:

regulations went into effect in January 1990. Since WGN America (the former national feed of WGN-TV, which began converting into a news channel as

1789:

The Public Broadcasting Service is the largest public television broadcaster in the United States, originating in October 1970 as the successor of

1143:

Many of its affiliates in mid-size and small markets outsource news production to Big Three affiliates rather produce their own newscasts, and its

991: 482:

Individual broadcast television stations in the U.S. transmit on either VHF channels 2 through 13 or UHF channels 14 through 36. During the era of

52: 8333: 7836: 11064: 7897: 7030: 2445:(which originally began as a classic film-focused movie channel in October 1984, and now focuses on a mix of feature films and original series), 1935:

networks and stations exist, also surviving on viewer contributions and time leased to the programming producers; the two most prominent are the

1899:

American public television stations air programming that commercial stations do not offer, such as educational (including cultural and arts) and

1896:

two to four times per year, which account for a decent portion of the non-government-subsidized income through public and private contributions.

17: 7577: 5032:– as they are not bound by the Children's Television Act's guidelines. Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network also have blocks that air late at night ( 4321:, a term for a television series that mixes elements of comedy and drama, have seen its popularity grown among viewers, thanks to programs like 1070:

From 1956 to 1986, the majority of English-language television stations that were not affiliated with the Big Three networks, nor affiliates of

6340:

satellite (or, failing that, by streaming on Internet television) and securing the rights to programming. Because of this lack of restriction,

5492: 6516: 1038: 794:

that airs on weekends and, on fairly rare occasions, weekdays). Typically, these begin with an early-morning national newscast (such as ABC's

255: 99: 11403: 11219: 10979: 9267: 7974: 7040: 6936: 4953: 2978:

Over-the-top subscription services that mirrored cable and TV Everywhere services began emerging in the mid-2010s. In 2015, Dish Network and

2750:

services within their internal networks. Many providers of subscription television services – both networks and system operators – also have

2130: 1339:(Luken Communications). The most popular and widely distributed network that uses digital subchannels as its primary form of distribution is 324: 1010: 679:, do not produce network programming (Sinclair has produced original programs for its stations but not on a full-time network including the 71: 11353: 10493: 10465: 10460: 9485: 9326: 6932: 6511: 6506: 5228: 3784:

increased its output of non-quiz games in prime time beginning in the mid-2010s with its "Fun & Games" format, to substantial success.

2854:

allow people to watch all the shows and movies in their catalog for a price every month or year. Viewers can watch these programs from any

2116: 560: 428: 250: 245: 219: 6411:

and primitive variety shows. These shows and broadcasts ended in 1933, in part because of technological and economic limits caused by the

5146:

had been aired on local television during its earliest days and began to be aired in national television during the 1950s. It underwent a

2719:, Antenna TV, This TV, TheCoolTV and the Retro Television Network (through its affiliates) are examples, international news channels like 2539:

In addition to sports networks that are distributed to a national audience, two other types of sports-oriented television networks exist.

11194: 8918: 7927: 5620:). However, other Canadian series aimed at adults or more general audiences have also been syndicated in the United States; one network, 5376: 3162:

cable networks (such as HBO) do not air commercials; instead, cable television subscribers must pay an extra fee to receive this type of

2073: 1623:

in Los Angeles before becoming a national network in September 2007, and focuses mostly on unscripted music, talk and variety programs).

1129: 8419: 6947:

to continue broadcasting their analog audio feeds while shifting their video feeds to the new and upcoming digital television standard,

6109:) after the end of their syndication runs, while more widely successful series can have a life in syndication that can run for decades ( 5194:(ROH) also have a presence on American television (the latter primarily as a result of its 2011 acquisition by television station owner 8620: 7293: 7253: 6248:

are rare on American television. Though the FCC gives them leeway to air programs containing "indecent" material within its designated

5705:

programs (generally dubbed into English) having been seen on American television since the 1960s. Channels that air such anime include

2634:

cable television service in a given area. By law, cable systems must include local broadcast stations in their offerings to customers.

1101:

as its cornerstone charter outlets, along with many independents owned by other companies. Thanks largely to the success of shows like

1017: 909: 587: 535: 78: 6221:

The FCC also previously barred companies from owning more than one television station within a single market, unless it operated as a

5080:

is unusual among American television series in that it is available to both commercial and noncommercial broadcasters. In the form of

11204: 11052: 8792: 7070: 6234: 6170:

and, although they will not be allowed to acquire any more stations, they will also not be forced to sell their existing portfolios.

5425: 2124: 2104: 1919:(focusing on lifestyle, travel, cooking and how-to programs) – primarily through digital multicasting; the German public broadcaster 1871:

began operation as the nation's ninth non-commercial television station. Four months later in April 1955 with the sign-on of WBIQ in

8438: 6662: 3444:

The game show has been one of the longest-running formats in American television history; game shows have aired regularly since the

11670: 11250: 10994: 10972: 10592: 10577: 9054: 7050: 5333: 4941: 2842:

are digital services that you can buy a movie or a collection of movies and shows for payment or rent. Streaming services such as

2469:(which targets at a female audience, with a mix of television films, and original and acquired comedy, reality and drama series). 2453:(which originally focused on the entertainment industry, but now largely focuses on pop culture shows, films and reality series), 11624: 10889: 8870: 8257: 8174: 8056: 4632: 4227: 4044:, a late-night series which debuted on NBC in November 1975, and has spawned the careers of many popular comedic actors (such as 3777: 3577: 1351:), and evolved into a national network in November 2010; MeTV now has affiliations with primary channels in a number of markets ( 1024: 779:

All in all, the U.S. broadcasting landscape dramatically evolved towards a conglomeratization of players – an effect also called

390: 285: 85: 7351: 1308:, which requires a bitrate less compartmentalized for allowing more than one multicast feed (which are generally transmitted in 11122: 10487: 9188: 7495: 6871:

had a brief uptick in popularity during the mid-1980s, but never achieved competitive parity with cable providers of the time.

5315: 8491: 5248:

was carried on almost every television station and network since the beginnings. The sport earned a negative reputation after

447:

and an equipped internal or external tuner capable of picking up channels that transmit on the two principal broadcast bands,

11102: 11048: 10482: 10472: 10452: 10254: 9172: 8854: 8394: 7376: 7015: 6879:

transmission; it has been growing in significance since then – spurring the emergence of multinational conglomerates such as

6526: 5203: 4589: 3632: 2594:). Until then, cable networks like HBO had been limited to regional coverage through distribution over expensive terrestrial 2120: 1499:(an independently owned 24-hour weather network which features subchannels as part of its multiplatform distribution model), 1201:– which made the majority of its independent stations principal charter affiliates of the network – and former Fox executive 468: 416: 265: 9354: 7815: 7683: 7221: 6279:

Cable systems can also air satellite-relayed broadcast stations originating from other areas of the United States, known as

3792: 1006: 841:

Local newscasts or syndicated programs fill the "prime access" hour or half-hour (7:00 to 8:00 p.m. in the Eastern and

67: 11280: 11260: 9080: 7710: 7602: 7075: 7065: 6559:

as well as placing RCA television receivers on sale in the New York City vicinity. Television receivers were also sold by

6215: 5973: 5593: 5298:

at the early onset of the medium helped boost its popularity as a sport, and by the 1960s, the combined success of NFL and

2472: 1663: 877: 295: 177: 9619: 9410: 7552: 6193:

On January 6, 1957, one of the more famous, and by today's viewpoint bizarre, acts of "censorship" in television history.

1511:

service at a reasonable cost. (Since advent of digital television equipment, the cost is responsibility of the consumer.)

1177:, which it airs on Sunday mornings; special news coverage on the network comes from the staff of its sister cable network 443:(also known as "over-the-air" or OTA) – the earliest method of receiving television programming, which merely requires an 11164: 10544: 10477: 10323: 8519: 7436: 7020: 4441: 2425:(which focus on children's programming, although the latter two run nighttime blocks aimed at a teen and adult audience, 1884: 1751: 1079: 486:, broadcast stations transmitted on a single universal channel; however due to the technical complexities of the present 5139:

was the face of the WWF during the 1980s, and it is for this reason that the decade is also known as the Hulkamania era.

3590:, whose games involved celebrities giving clues to civilians (or vice versa) to guess a mystery word; examples included 559:(more commonly known as "premium") channels that are offered as add-ons to any programming package that a customer of a 10249: 9451: 8819: 7205: 7055: 6815: 6667: 6161:

Broadcast television is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. The FCC awards and oversees the renewal of

5604: 5252: 3169:

Networks traditionally allocate a portion of commercial time during their programs (usually totaling between five and 6

2971: 2796:, also known as web television, began in the 1990s and has become popular in the 2000s onward, resulting in a trend of 2402: 1456: 921: 9023: 8366: 7782: 7169: 4183:(the longest-running prime time scripted drama series in U.S. television history, having aired from 1955 to 1975) and 3372:, were the respective progenitors of two popular news formats that shaped the modern presentation of television news, 3158:

networks also receive subscription fees, which are the other main source of revenue for the cable operators. However,

538:(PEG) cable channels; in many smaller markets, this tier may offer stations from adjacent markets that act as default 11529: 11396: 11270: 10757: 10343: 9251: 8463: 8118: 7279: 6154: 5147: 4583: 3602:. Survey games, in which contestants attempt to guess the results of polls, can be seen in the form of shows such as 3587: 2707:

these are available as a digital subchannel to local broadcasters, this reason may be for the expensive costs of the

2016: 1057: 499: 118: 11614: 10879: 8971: 8029: 7521: 6226: 6121:(multiple episodes airing back-to-back for several hours), and there are also cable channels devoted to game shows ( 4811:

are also quite popular. Early ventures into children's television in the 1950s aired on weekdays with shows such as

3331: 11139: 11134: 11117: 10128: 9676: 9478: 8716: 8152: 7884: 6222: 6062: 5443: 4553: 3698: 3622: 2008: 1321: 1090: 780: 652: 644: 8943: 7876: 6272:

option) and give them low channel numbers, unless the stations decide to demand compensation of any sort (through

6113:, the first series designed to be rerun, remains popular in syndication more than 60 years after its 1951 debut). 5419:, after which federal pressure cut off most of the broadcasts' sponsors. Other sports have been televised through 2970:

following mixed decisions by circuit courts that declared them either legal or in infringement of copyrights, the

10239: 9031: 8081: 5979: 5773: 5714: 5523: 5472: 4650: 4595: 3751: 3018:

Most of these services were initially subscription-based. Free, advertising-supported streaming services such as

2084:, programming in addition to the overt televangelism; byuTV runs family comedies, WHT runs classic Westerns, the 2065: 1790: 1759: 1683: 1679: 1071: 943:

Saturday mornings usually feature network programming aimed at children (traditionally these mainly consisted of

404: 9432: 8755: 8747: 8564: 7757: 7406: 1299:

With the digital television transition, which was completed in two phases in February and June 2009, the use of

1133: 11675: 11315: 11310: 11144: 10234: 6919: 5384: 5337: 5256: 5187: 5179: 4992: 4469: 4457: 4452: 4287: 4245: 4034: 3739: 3339: 2369:

Unlike broadcast networks, most cable networks air the same programming nationwide. Top cable networks include

2309: 2172:, with a mix of movies, sports, and comedy and music specials. For its first three years of operation, it used 2048: 1928:, creates original programming that airs in several markets. Few cities have major municipally-owned stations. 1697:

Many large cities also have television stations that broadcast programming in various Asian languages (such as

1309: 995: 904:

rentals – to reach large television audiences. Throughout the 1990s, NBC called its own Thursday night lineup "

487: 56: 11184: 8689: 8308: 7640:"'Gilmore Girls' meet 'Smackdown'; CW Network to combine WB, UPN in CBS-Warner venture beginning in September" 3527:

were particularly well known for their panel games, which ranged from more erudite interview programs such as

11214: 11021: 10259: 9081:"N.Y.'s WWOR loses super status; satellite distributor discontinues service contract with television station" 8654: 7010: 6951:, which is being phased in across the United States in the early 2020s with no hard transition date yet set. 6884: 6864: 5636: 5234: 4929: 4917: 4760: 4547: 4435: 3781: 3690:

produced a large number of puzzle games. Games that involve physical stunts include children's shows such as

3592: 3093:, and Hanabee Entertainment in Australia and the United Kingdom, and even mainstream streaming services like 2940: 2936: 2329: 1900: 1702:

channel or subchannel affiliations. A few unusual examples of other foreign broadcasters also exist, such as

1667: 1532: 1031: 736: 728: 706: 514: 503: 92: 7476: 563:(also known as a cable or satellite "system" or "provider") can subscribe to for an additional monthly fee. 11389: 10570: 10534: 10295: 10192: 9735: 9530: 9502: 8681: 8343: 5598: 5479:

to watch the majority of their favored team's games. Regional sports networks can also provide outlets for

5476: 5163: 5074:, prompting his estate to reintroduce the show by way of various online media. The home improvement series 4973: 4577: 4425: 3896: 3769: 3692: 3664: 2561: 2549: 2085: 2020: 1936: 1907:). Additionally, there are a number of smaller networks feeding programming to public stations – including 1434:, aimed at women and featuring mystery and true crime programs) – and a genre-based network in April 2015, 1124: 957: 859: 773: 472: 290: 139: 8646: 7664: 6689:

were regular staples of early television, as were the first variety shows. Reruns of film shorts (such as

6189: 853:

Typically, family-oriented comedy programs led in the early part of prime time, although in recent years,

11368: 10944: 10844: 10524: 10031: 9471: 9141: 7060: 6944: 6784: 6735: 6532: 5588:. Many of the programs imported from Canada are children's programs originally aired by channels such as 5416: 5314:(MLB) has been televised on U.S. television since the inception of the medium, most notably by way of a " 4935: 4571: 3687: 3549:

games, while having had a place in American television since the beginning with early examples including

3346: 3184:

services; network affiliates, as do other commercial broadcast stations, use this reserved time to carry

2924: 2851: 1686:

generally receive television broadcasts presented in the language from French Canadian networks (such as

1599: 1400: 786:

Weekday schedules on ABC, CBS, and NBC affiliates tend to be similar, with programming choices sorted by

527: 234: 8997: 8823: 3101:

have sections, streaming services, and content within the streaming services with foreign media such as

11333: 11300: 11275: 11265: 11154: 10383: 10305: 10244: 9951: 8006: 7526: 7120:"List of How Many Homes Each Cable Networks Is In – Cable Network Coverage Estimates As of August 2013" 6915: 6819: 6446: 6101:

Sitcoms are traditionally the most widely syndicated reruns and are usually aired in a five-day-a-week

5996:

provided weekly repeats for some broadcasts until it shut down in December 2013, after which TVGN (now

5271: 4871: 4541: 4463: 3798: 3436:

general news coverage during that time usually limited to occasional coverage of breaking news events.

3300: 2772: 2666: 2236: 2169: 1904: 1829: 1818: 1687: 1266: 791: 595: 199: 7099: 6814:

famously lambasted the networks for creating a "vast wasteland" of bad television in his 1961 speech "

5787:

being the main exhibitor of such programs in the United States. Examples include the Norwegian series

5471:, carry packages of assorted major professional and college sports. The vast majority of MLB, NHL and 3420:, crime stories, sensationalistic headlines and empathetic, emotional anchors, WSVN was regarded by a 2965:

service for over-the-air broadcasts, which it also streamed; although it and the similarly structured

2152:, an electronic device which cable subscribers use to connect the cable signal to their television set 11609: 11469: 11429: 11174: 10869: 10677: 10612: 10155: 10116: 9961: 9861: 9790: 9723: 9550: 8243: 7720: 7025: 6876: 6615: 6556: 6408: 6178: 6130: 6027: 5684: 5581: 4836: 4808: 4504: 4151: 3938: 3324: 3150:

Over-the-air (OTA) commercial stations and networks generate the vast majority of their revenue from

3114: 2583: 2321: 1864: 1860: 769: 761: 710: 636: 5501: 5264:) presence on American broadcast television, boxing has declined in popularity since the 1990s with 4965:

franchise, which became most well known for its Chicago version, which began airing nationally when

1947:

as a part-time ministry that leased programming time on KBSA (now UniMás owned-and-operated station

1347:

in 2005 as a programming format on one of its flagship television stations in Chicago, WFBT-CA (now

455:(UHF), to receive the signal – and four conventional types of multichannel subscription television: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11348: 11338: 11229: 11107: 11036: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10514: 9756: 9691: 9644: 9604: 7197: 7080: 6837: 6780: 6743: 6464: 6452: 6397:

launched in 1948.) These early television programs operated using low-bandwidth (and low-fidelity)

6249: 6056: 5577: 5299: 5291: 5280: 5261: 5241: 5195: 5053: 4738: 4698: 4311: 4147: 3860: 3848: 3466: 2789: 2579: 2578:

The national cable television network became possible in the mid-1970s with the launch of domestic

2573: 2343: 2297:

as well as through limited distribution on cable providers in their associated regions of the U.S.

2197: 2099: 2057: 1912: 1775: 1582:/Los Angeles. It was considered an also-ran to Univision until the late 2000s, when parent company 1560: 1479: 1327: 1120: 1086: 949: 823: 732: 686: 672: 299: 214: 204: 9277: 7275: 6958:. While the ability to record a television program for home viewing was possible with the earlier 4748:

which run the gamut from serious to lighthearted in topicality and format; a subset of so-called "

4503:

has spawned a number of television productions over the course of its existence, ranging from the

2405:

and The Entertainment Channel, which now focuses on non-fiction programs and reality docuseries),

2320:

in 1988 (revised to The Family Channel in 1990, after CBN spun it off into the indirectly related

697:, whose 131 stations cover mostly smaller metropolitan areas reaching only 10% of the population. 11589: 11504: 10849: 10772: 10717: 10607: 10563: 10353: 10338: 10182: 10133: 10056: 9956: 9634: 9520: 9515: 8371: 8338: 7820: 6937:

stations that exploited a loophole to carry a radio station on the audio feed of analog channel 6

6868: 6856: 6681:

Many of the earliest television programs were modified versions of well-established radio shows.

6317: 6183: 5876: 5824: 5216: 4754: 4720: 4127: 3992: 3854: 3254: 2607: 2540: 2454: 2333: 2282: 2200:

to transmit its programming, immediately expanding its distribution to UA Columbia Cablevision's

1995:, when the former's Word of God Fellowship ministry purchased the license of defunct UHF station 1887:. The income received from the government is insufficient to cover expenses and stations rely on 1883:

The federal government does subsidize non-commercial educational television stations through the

1876: 1388: 1257: 1144: 984: 806: 45: 7319: 4796: 4138:

have more tame themes but still are not meant for children. Most adult animated cartoons air on

3714:, a grocery-shopping contest that became a cult hit on cable television in the 1990s under host 948:

language networks), while Sunday mornings include a form of public affairs program known as the

11489: 11434: 11295: 10727: 10702: 10647: 10617: 10275: 10061: 9876: 9821: 9816: 9629: 9594: 7867: 6959: 6955: 6928: 6923: 6756: 6727: 6273: 6230: 6134: 6102: 5812: 5641: 5541: 5535: 5437: 5322: 5307: 5143: 5011:

Since the mid-2000s, popular children's programs have been produced for cable networks such as

4791: 4732: 4714: 4233: 4123: 4028: 3932: 3926: 3546: 3475: 3196: 3003: 2962: 2692: 2657: 2492: 2317: 2313: 2223:(channel 17), which was uplinked to satellite on December 17, 1976, months after station owner 2173: 2069: 2024: 1932: 1720: 1652: 1444: 1411: 1210: 615: 572: 440: 376: 9243: 8539: 7639: 2739:

are commonly watched this way as a result to the lack of availability on cable, DBS and IPTV.

1391:, which relies primarily on films from the library of the latter's former sister film studio, 1304:

due to the fact that many stations transmit high definition programming on their main feed in

11564: 11494: 10814: 10767: 10707: 10672: 10627: 10177: 9981: 9946: 9866: 9846: 9768: 9656: 9577: 8957: 8468: 8001: 6627: 6398: 6386: 6356: 6118: 6068: 6044: 6004: 5997: 5968: 5955: 5893: 5840: 5779:

European television series also started to be shown in the country, mainly after the rise of

5355:

The Nationwide (now Xfinity) Series at Road America in 2011, using the Car of Tomorrow design

5311: 5208: 5201:

Regional professional wrestling circuits may see some national exposure through syndication;

4656: 4644: 4481: 4004: 3551: 3481: 3235: 2944: 2509: 2466: 2458: 2446: 2337: 1612: 1466:

Other subchannel-based networks include those that also rely on archived programming such as

1423: 1376: 1331: 1275:

originally started as a major network with a format primarily consisting of English language

1205:, who served as The WB's original chief executive officer) and the United Paramount Network ( 1164: 810:), which usually mixes news, weather, lifestyle segments, interviews and music performances. 660: 423: 9510: 9420: 9221: 8782: 6575:

established their own electronic television station in New York at the time, W2XAB (today's

3015:), and Showtime (which launched a VOD/live streaming service of the same name in May 2015). 2397:(which are dedicated news channels with some opinion and other feature-driven programming), 1330:

was among the first networks to be produced specifically for the digital television market;

11499: 11444: 11092: 10712: 10637: 10632: 10091: 10051: 10021: 9778: 9713: 9535: 7002: 6872: 6850: 6403: 6304: 6106: 6009: 5808: 5792: 5584:

accents allow Canada to export shows to the United States, and vice versa, without a major

5431: 5114:, in which the host demonstrates various recipes that home viewers can prepare themselves. 4947: 4877: 4771: 4766: 4726: 4708: 4487: 4341: 4083: 3878: 3567: 3260: 3243: 3078: 3050: 2785: 2768: 2521: 2209: 2201: 2089: 1984: 1439: 1392: 1368: 1312:) without risking diminished picture quality; some alternately transmit their main feed in 1218: 1198: 1109: 916: 838:

in its scheduled time slot due to a failure in communications between network executives.)

801: 796: 683: 460: 452: 363: 163: 9196: 8783: 5351: 4521:

Reality television has long existed in the United States, both played for laughs (such as

4020:. However, there have also existed sketch comedy/variety series during prime time such as 1666:

language programming is generally limited in scope, with some locally produced French and

1575: 1230:(focusing more on reruns and movies aimed at a broader audience) in July 2005 and then as 1089:

was launched as a challenge to the Big Three networks, with six independent stations that

647:-led board in 2015, but was reinstated by Wheeler's successor and former board colleague, 8: 11484: 11149: 10791: 10697: 10642: 10101: 10041: 9800: 9762: 9560: 9545: 9137: 8902: 7193: 6776: 6580: 6564: 6373:

Television debuted in the United States on May 10, 1928, with the launch of the original

5832: 5761: 5690: 5404: 5388: 5345: 5183: 5062: 4998: 4654:. Despite initial failed attempts during the late 1980s by Fox as well as the success of 4385: 4371: 4323: 4239: 4189:

had experienced their greatest popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. Medical dramas such as

4040: 4022: 4010: 3890: 3839: 3708:. A few game shows do not fit neatly into any of these descriptions; one such example is 3598: 3529: 3446: 3082: 3030:

and other archival programming into online-exclusive channels and other limited content.

2793: 2599: 2582:

that could economically broadcast television programs to cable operators anywhere in the

2398: 2205: 2044: 1972: 1960: 1952: 1916: 1872: 1835: 1767: 1595: 1504: 1471: 1380: 1344: 1288: 1193:

Three new networks launched in the 1990s: within six days of each other in January 1995,

719:

The four major U.S. broadcast television networks are the National Broadcasting Company (

676: 448: 6859:

networks emerged in the late 1970s, first as over-the-air encrypted enterprises such as

5463:

that gradually launched beginning in the 1990s) and later joined by competitors such as

5329:; the NHL has struggled to gain competitive ratings for most of its time on television. 2156:

The oldest-existing cable-originated television channel as well as the first successful

546:

that have agreed to provide a particular network's programming within the local market.

11454: 11179: 11097: 10732: 10657: 10328: 10285: 10216: 10086: 10016: 9991: 9926: 9773: 9494: 8569: 8496: 8197: 7612: 7531: 7103: 6765: 6734:, suspense thrillers and soap operas, all of which were adapted from the radio medium. 6709: 6390: 6262: 6167: 6050: 6038: 5943: 5780: 5668: 5662: 5265: 5171: 5004: 4984:-compliant children's programs that mix educational and entertainment content (such as 4901: 4889: 4683: 4677: 4613: 4475: 4191: 3998: 3843: 3417: 3181: 3042: 3011:, a standalone internet-only subscription service similar to its TV Everywhere service 2952: 2899: 2892: 2839: 2736: 2732: 2688: 2325: 2277: 1964: 1908: 1798: 1783: 1475: 1336: 1300: 1214: 915:

At the end of prime time, another local news program is broadcast, usually followed by

854: 800:), followed by a local morning news program; these are typically followed by a network 748: 680: 543: 444: 9224:", address to the National Association of Broadcasters, Washington, D.C., May 9, 1961. 8205: 5344:, deregulating the sale of college sports telecasts and allowing individual teams and 2328:(following its 1998 purchase by News Corporation), ABC Family (after its 2001 sale to 11234: 11224: 11112: 10368: 10290: 10204: 10187: 10150: 9996: 9826: 9795: 9661: 9555: 9359: 9301:"Under the Macroscope: Convergence in the US Television Market between 2000 and 2014" 9247: 9236: 9168: 8850: 8597: 8524: 8232: 8114: 7715: 7557: 7462:"Scripps creates national television networks business with acquisition of ION Media" 7201: 7164: 7124: 6988: 6900: 6775:

Broadcast television stations in the United States were primarily transmitted on the

6769: 6731: 6703: 6162: 6122: 6074: 5870: 5852: 5796: 5718: 5412: 5212: 4831: 4744: 4689: 4493: 4409: 4391: 4251: 4215: 4209: 4167: 3944: 3733: 3710: 3642: 3535: 3519:

featured a panel of celebrities or news personalities interacting with a contestant.

3401: 2875: 2827: 2778: 2553: 2513: 2434: 2181: 2004: 1888: 1739: 1724: 1594:, which was launched in January 2002 and is aimed at a younger Hispanic demographic; 1435: 1427: 1426:

in 2017, launched two gender-focused networks with specific formats in August 2014 –

1419: 1418:, featuring a broader general entertainment format aimed at African American adults. 1256:

service – was shut down in December 2013 and replaced with a promotional website for

1222: 883: 846: 842: 835: 815: 640: 591: 539: 510: 483: 10036: 9112:"U.S. Television Stations and Network Links Map, May 1952 Radio and Television News" 8395:"This is Dish's Sling TV: an internet TV service that lets you stream ESPN for $ 20" 8201: 6801:

participated in the first televised presidential debate in Washington, D.C. in 1960.

5963:

the show is well liked among network executives, and in many cases, test audiences.

3412:

in Miami also served as a pioneer in 1989, when the station joined Fox as part of a

2781:-based network to a set-top box or in some cases directly to an enabled television. 2003:. Most of their stations are owned by the television ministries directly or through 1487:(a network developed by Katz/Scripps as a revival of the cable network now known as 11358: 10373: 10333: 10313: 10280: 10209: 10167: 10081: 9936: 9921: 9896: 9871: 9831: 9681: 9540: 9525: 8621:"Viacom Launching 14 Free Channels on Pluto TV, Sets Broad Digital Originals Slate" 8189: 7872: 7607: 7226: 7183: 6880: 6674: 6631: 6560: 6474: 6412: 6378: 6333: 5864: 5820: 5804: 5610: 5589: 5551:

to the U.S. and for initially popularizing the long-running science-fiction series

5420: 5372: 5167: 5025: 4853: 4819: 4627: 4601: 4559: 4535: 4407:(which was set at a resort where people live out their fantasies, but at a price), 4353: 4293: 4115: 4107: 3920: 3825: 3814: 3493: 3200: 3066: 2859: 2716: 2684: 2661: 2504: 2442: 2394: 2232: 2220: 2165: 2040: 1763: 1755: 1691: 1496: 1452: 1431: 1094: 1075: 927: 871: 765: 727:(an abbreviation for the Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name), the 689: 456: 224: 8464:"CBS, like HBO, takes on Netflix with a service to deliver TV shows via broadband" 7384: 6365: 6210:, after it sold the station to its manager Edwin Edwards to acquire Fox affiliate 3453:

Game shows have typically followed one of several formats, some of which overlap.

2520:(which launched on August 1, 1980, and later became more known for its late-night 2080:(byuTV). Several predominantly religious broadcasters carry some secular, usually 783:, which describes the narrowing of competition in modern television broadcasting. 431:; whether that golden age has ended or is ongoing in the early 2020s is disputed. 11199: 10001: 9856: 9624: 9599: 9587: 9272: 8998:"Amendment of Section 73.658(g) of The Commission's Rules: The Dual Network Rule" 8267: 8193: 8108: 7932: 7792: 7329: 6940: 6794: 6747: 6720: 6014: 5931: 5769: 5616: 5585: 5400: 5086: 5020: 4907: 4859: 4509: 4379: 4365: 4281: 4131: 4075: 3819: 3763: 3727: 3626:. Puzzle games involve large-sized versions of common childhood games, including 3374: 3318: 3269: 2995: 2987: 2863: 2755: 2747: 2696: 2641: 2595: 2557: 2462: 2422: 2410: 2401:(a network created through the 1984 merger of arts-and-culture-oriented channels 2081: 2061: 1771: 1710: 1563:

on and off throughout its history) as well as domestically produced programming.

1284: 1253: 1241: 1173: 1137: 831: 752: 740: 694: 495: 491: 9452:

AAAA/ANA Annual Study Shows TV Clutter Levels Up Across Most Dayparts (archived)

9088: 8593:"Showtime's stand-alone streaming service launches on Apple, Hulu and elsewhere" 7724: 7616: 5701:

Programming from Japan has had a niche market in American television, with some

5359:

Other sports that have maintained a regular presence on U.S. television include

1839:. Although many PBS stations operate individually, a number of states – such as 1470:(a network focusing of game shows sourced from the programming library of owner 1371:), popularized the format for multicasting that relies on archived programming. 526:

are usually sold in groups (known as "tiers"), rather than singularly (or on an

11363: 11129: 10199: 10071: 10046: 10006: 9976: 9851: 9686: 9639: 9614: 9572: 9331: 7923: 7562: 6939:, which was audible on 87.7 MHz, a frequency that can be tuned in on most 6487: 6174: 5828: 5816: 5631: 5505: 5249: 5076: 5016: 4962: 4667: 4419: 4403: 4275: 4269: 4203: 4143: 4103: 3968: 3831: 3715: 3670: 3658: 3627: 3393: 3379: 3312: 3289: 3281: 3163: 3054: 3046: 2920: 2803: 2483: 2414: 2363: 2355: 2208:, systems and the American Television and Communications Corporation system in 2157: 2028: 1976: 1920: 1856: 1728: 1703: 1694:), which are widely available over-the-air but rarely on cable in those areas. 1430:(aimed at men with a lineup heavy on western and action films) and Escape (now 1231: 1168: 668: 556: 229: 11381: 9457: 8871:"All 31 seasons of Bob Ross' 'The Joy Of Painting' have been made free online" 6790: 6750:, for the most part, did not survive (a victim of the concurrent start of the 4617:

New Year's Eve 1962, with (L-R) Skitch Henderson, Johnny Carson and Ed McMahon

4401:(a sitcom centering on a witch adjusting to married life with a mortal male), 3846:

that record the program on videotape). Prime time soaps of note have included

1132:

with former longtime Big Three affiliates owned by now-defunct station groups

609:

is an American magazine that provides television program listings information.

11664: 11169: 10997: 10555: 10348: 10121: 10111: 10026: 9916: 9911: 9901: 9886: 9708: 9567: 8239: 8135:"NiLP Guest Commentary: HITN's Tu Momento 2016 Presidential Election Program" 7187: 7133: 6963: 6860: 6798: 6751: 6341: 6194: 5765: 5741: 5728: 5626: 5566: 5547: 5529: 5521:

particular, is commonly known for its broadcasts of British sitcoms (such as

5341: 5191: 5151: 5029: 4986: 4847: 4703: 4635: 4565: 4523: 4359: 4306: 4197: 4111: 4053: 4038:. The most prominent as well as the longest-running sketch comedy program is 4016: 3884: 3866: 3648: 3405: 3185: 3086: 2928: 2815: 2751: 2638: 2626: 2438: 2305: 2302: 2294: 2052: 2036: 1823: 1719:

There have also been a few local stations that have broadcast programming in

1202: 1186: 888: 865: 827: 632: 551: 408: 8565:"Leslie Moonves Divulges Details on Showtime's New Online Streaming Service" 8234:

The Rise of Cable Programming in the United States: Revolution or Evolution?

8107:

Guillermo Gibens (2009). "Univision and Telemundo". In Alan Albarran (ed.).

6875:

television experienced its breakout in the mid-1990s, with the emergence of

6013:

network is very important. This measurement is known as a show or network's

5407:, while not an athletic sport, has been treated as a sport of sorts, with a 3432:, and was soon copied or emulated by other stations throughout the country. 11189: 10226: 10066: 10011: 9941: 9906: 9841: 9740: 9730: 9582: 9460: – An archive of publications regarding radio, TV and more. 8540:"HBO Now coming in April for $ 14.99 per month, Apple TV price cut to $ 69" 7644: 6811: 6761: 6739: 6691: 6639: 6611: 6280: 6138: 6090: 5927: 5923: 5751: 5736: 5656: 5480: 5468: 5396: 5111: 5071: 5040: 4895: 4841: 4414: 4318: 4099: 4079: 4057: 4049: 3872: 3722: 3610: 3561: 3556: 3520: 3361: 3357: 3342: 3306: 3277: 3248: 3090: 2884: 2797: 2700: 2676: 2630: 2545: 2525: 2498: 2426: 2378: 2290: 2252: 2189: 2177: 2032: 1893: 1868: 1640: 1636: 1583: 1415: 1103: 756: 531: 6943:; a limited number of stations that were using that loophole were granted 5318:" that has usually aired on Saturdays on various broadcasters since 1954. 3264:

as standard bearers, as well as an early-evening newscast anchored by the

2792:

entirely, and allows viewing of programs hosted by independent providers.

936:

less common since the early 2000s), or 30-minute advertisements, known as

415:; in 1955, 75 percent did. In 1992, 60 percent of all U.S. households had 11343: 10426: 10076: 9986: 9971: 9931: 9891: 9750: 7649: 6826: 6723:, an advantage that early television sitcoms used to its full potential. 6715: 6458: 6329: 6258: 6080: 5951: 5914: 5889: 5848: 5844: 5674: 5650: 5558: 5509: 5371:

series has also had some presence, particularly its signature event, the

5367:, in particular, rose rapidly in television popularity in the 1990s; the 5360: 5175: 5091: 5012: 4883: 4865: 4813: 4672: 4529: 4430: 4329: 4221: 4045: 3956: 3914: 3757: 3704: 3682: 3637: 3616: 3604: 3524: 3510: 3458: 3421: 3388: 3230: 3214: 3155: 3151: 3118: 3074: 3058: 2888: 2855: 2743: 2418: 2370: 2347: 2240: 2193: 2180:

and New York. On September 30, 1975, beginning with its telecast of the "

2149: 1988: 1940: 1608: 1552: 1272: 1262: 1249: 1245: 1182: 1115: 937: 905: 892: 464: 209: 7248: 4835:. However children's programing had experienced its greatest success on 1758:), a military news outlet that operated from 2004 to 2015. In addition, 1119:, as well as the network's acquisition of rights to show games from the 11209: 11159: 11087: 10431: 10138: 9836: 9745: 9701: 9671: 9649: 6982: 6904: 6846: 6682: 6269: 6254: 6207: 6032: 5919: 5857: 5723: 5706: 5679: 5553: 5408: 5326: 5303: 5159: 5136: 5107: 5095: 5081: 5034: 4923: 4825: 4622: 4395:(both centering on angels helping humans in times of personal crisis), 4335: 4257: 4177:

Dramatic series have taken many forms over the years. Westerns such as

4139: 4135: 4091: 4087: 3950: 3817:

for one additional season after its cancellation by NBC in 2007, while

3582: 3572: 3541: 3516: 3503:

and an uptick in interest in the long-running answer-and-question quiz

3335: 3294: 3285: 3273: 3034: 2991: 2908: 2879: 2867: 2835: 2823: 2652: 2613: 2533: 2430: 2286: 2255:

concept, which precipitated other independent stations – most notably,

2224: 1944: 1877:

full-power satellite stations and (in some cases) low-power translators

1766:) has been available to U.S. consumers since the partial repeal of the 1648: 1644: 1514: 1492: 1364: 1276: 1098: 901: 819: 790:(Fox does not air network programming outside of prime time other than 787: 735:(Fox). The first and elder three (which are colloquially known as the " 714: 602: 412: 8919:"After Pulling In 5.6M Viewers, Twitch Is Keeping Bob Ross On The Air" 2810:(which was originally structured as a mail-order DVD rental service), 1590:

Other popular Spanish-language broadcast networks are Univision-owned

11305: 10796: 10416: 9881: 9696: 9463: 8549: 8544: 8448: 8443: 8404: 8399: 8334:"The Daily Docket: Aereo Approved to Auction TV Streaming Technology" 8262: 7787: 6833:

became a more affordable alternative to film for recording programs.

6830: 6245: 6241: 6157:

is the regulatory governing body for television in the United States.

5746: 5710: 5645: 5561:, an outlet launched in 1998 that was specifically designed to bring 5460: 4499: 4447: 4397: 4300: 3653: 3505: 3414:

complicated six-station affiliation swap in two South Florida markets

3117:. Some of them also include digital stores where you can buy branded 3038: 2724: 2720: 2660:

during a film telecast in 1986 to transmit a text-based message over

2646: 2591: 2529: 2228: 2176:

technology to transmit its programming to CATV and MMDS providers in

2144: 1992: 1980: 1925: 1848: 1840: 1713: 1675: 1603: 1567: 1540: 1500: 1407: 1360: 1226: 744: 664: 6903:, locally produced news, and even infomercials. Binding arbitration 6089:

Once a television series reaches a threshold of approximately 88 to

5332:

College sports have also been a feature of American television. The

5244:, sports quickly became a fixture of American broadcast television. 5229:

Sports in the United States § Sports media in the United States

4063: 2465:(also general entertainment networks, with some focus on drama) and 1591: 1343:, a classic television network originally launched by station owner 1316:, which favors multiplexing of more than two subchannels at a time ( 973: 34: 10782: 10411: 10401: 10318: 10143: 9966: 9300: 7324: 6948: 6892: 6697: 6382: 5947: 5908: 5885: 5836: 5788: 5621: 5448: 5103: 5067: 4977: 4749: 4423:(focusing on a deceased model inhabiting the body of a lawyer) and 4263: 4179: 4095: 3974: 3809: 3676: 3062: 3019: 2983: 2912: 2903: 2871: 2843: 2603: 2524:

films). Although attempts at such services date back to the 1950s,

1852: 1844: 1556: 1484: 1448: 1363:

in Atlanta). Both MeTV and its most prominent rival, Nexstar-owned

1317: 1178: 932: 648: 606: 476: 8420:"Dish Sling TV: What is it, and why is everyone talking about it?" 6117:

permanent homes on several basic cable channels, often running in

5166:(WCW) each built rivalling national wrestling empires. During the 5056:, other than a few niche programs (such as the agriculture-themed 3908:

Comedy programming on American television has been more noted for

3378:, which had reporters present their stories instead of having the 2259:

in Chicago and WOR-TV (now MyNetworkTV owned-and-operated station

10406: 10391: 9609: 7957:"Tribune Company Launching Digital Subchannel Antenna TV Network" 6779:

band (channels 2–13) through the mid-1960s. It was not until the

6651: 6647: 6604: 6576: 6470: 6394: 6325: 6321: 6308: 6300: 6288: 6211: 5993: 5784: 5368: 5276: 4185: 4067: 3986: 3980: 3397: 3383: 3369: 3142: 3094: 3023: 3008: 2932: 2847: 2819: 2807: 2728: 2712: 2680: 2672: 2517: 2478: 2360: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2245: 2216: 1968: 1956: 1948: 1810: 1802: 1747: 1706: 1632: 1548: 1544: 1526:

List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States

1460: 1384: 1372: 1356: 1348: 1160: 1156: 944: 7747:"A Salute to The WB 100+ Station Group on its Fifth Anniversary" 6910:

In the late 1990s, the U.S. began to deploy digital television,

6261:, and therefore viewers may find scenes of simulated or graphic 5348:

to negotiate their own deals with broadcast and cable networks.

5060:), has typically been the province of noncommercial television. 4887:), animated adaptations of films and television series (such as 2754:

services, which usually mix the video on demand model with live

1463:

was formerly managed as a Luken network but is now independent.

1406:

Demographically focused networks were created during the 2010s;

590:

markets have their own television stations, which may either be

10436: 10396: 9718: 7578:"Fox Cancels Late Night Sketch Comedy Series 'Party Over Here'" 7129: 6907:

became popular in these timeslots beginning in the late 1990s.

6643: 6635: 6596: 6312: 6292: 6018: 5732: 5557:

in the country (the latter show now airs first-run episodes on

5429:(that same network would launch a documentary-based anthology, 5364: 5245: 4966: 4159: 4130:, and more have came out during this time period. Others, like 3962: 3909: 3416:. Originating a news-intensive format with a heavy emphasis on 3382:

read them, and became popularized after the format expanded to

3365: 3012: 2966: 2587: 2256: 2185: 2000: 1806: 1779: 1770:

in 2013; VOA and its sister outlets are likewise restricted to

1670:

programming available in the Miami area (serving refugees from

1422:, owned by Bounce executive Jonathan Katz and purchased by the 1237: 1197:(which was originally formed as a venture between Time Warner, 1194: 9454:

by the Association of National Advertisers, February 14, 2002.

9424:: Politics & Media – Big Media – Media Regulation Timeline 8283:"Aereo Loses at Supreme Court, in Victory for TV Broadcasters" 6430: 5132: 10421: 10358: 9666: 7975:"MGM Launches This TV Channel, Strong on Kids' Shows, Movies" 7189:

Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community

6927:

antennas for receive programming in advance the transition).

6841: 6237:

but was required to leave Fox as a separately owned network.

6149: 6126: 6094: 5702: 5464: 5268:, a more broad-based combat sport, rising to take its place. 5211:

have national carriage. Foreign wrestling promotions such as

4347: 4119: 3745: 3487: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3070: 3027: 2958: 2948: 2708: 2390: 2077: 1915:(focusing on Native American and indigenous programing), and 1671: 1488: 1467: 1396: 1305: 1181:(which launched in October 1996, around the same time as its 896: 9381: 1817:

Most (but, by no means, all) public television stations are

10363: 9327:"Dish's Ad-Skip Tool May Benefit From Cablevision DVR Case" 8972:"Networks may be struggling, but the new shows keep coming" 7464:(Press release). E. W. Scripps Company. September 24, 2020. 6686: 6655: 6623: 6619: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6552: 6374: 6296: 6284: 6257:) are devoted exclusively to "adult" content, specifically 6203: 5456: 5380: 4779: 3470: 3409: 3408:, after the two stations' parent companies merged in 1972. 3098: 2979: 2916: 2831: 2811: 2406: 2374: 2273: 2270: 2137: 1996: 1794: 1743: 1698: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1579: 1571: 1352: 1340: 1313: 1152: 1148: 963: 8898:"You Can Relax Now, Because Netflix Is Streaming Bob Ross" 8175:"The Evolution of the Cable-Satellite Distribution System" 7553:"CBS, NBC Battle for AFC Rights // Fox Steals NFC Package" 6661:

After a flood of television license applications, the FCC

5903: 5565:

programming direct to the United States, although through

2060:

also have television outlets, including the predominantly

776:

flourished simultaneously with Fox, if less successfully.

11031: 11026: 9436: 9427: 9165:

Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob

8847:

Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob

6600: 6572: 6568: 6548: 6544: 5938:

has spent over 60 years in reruns after it ended in 1957.

5897: 5562: 5198:; ROH suspended operations and was sold to AEW in 2022). 5155: 4981: 4171: 4163: 4155: 3462: 2742:

Some cable providers use interactive features built into

2386: 2382: 2161: 1265:(a successor to The WB's group of cable-only affiliates, 1206: 953: 724: 720: 635:

to circumvent certain ownership restrictions by way of a

583: 518: 9415: 7837:"MyNetworkTV Shifts From Network to Programming Service" 7783:"News Corp. to launch new mini-network for UPN stations" 7561:. Adler & Shaykin. December 18, 1993. Archived from 7352:"There's too much TV to keep up. Have we hit the limit?" 6853:(such as talk-lifestyle shows) paid for by advertisers. 6746:", but eventually faded in popularity by the 1970s. The 5497:

List of American television shows based on foreign shows

3193:

Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act

1438:(featuring a mix of comedic feature films and sitcoms). 747:

respectively began operations in 1926 and 1927. ABC was

8748:"Ch. 7's Cheatwood prepares for bigger role in TV news" 8048: 4219:

have endured success; as well as family dramas such as

2450: 1559:(which has maintained partial ownership of Univision's 475:(IPTV). There are also competing video services on the 9405: 9109: 8280: 7046:

List of United States over-the-air television networks

5745:

series was heavily edited from a Japanese live-action

5290:

began regular television broadcasts in the 1950s. The

5124:

History of professional wrestling in the United States

4455:

and spawned seven spin-off series–two in syndication (

1678:, along with some locales along the heavily populated 577:

List of United States over-the-air television networks

490:

standard, most stations now transmit physically on an

8258:"Consumers wary of Comcast, Time Warner Cable merger" 6595:) and broadcast the first paid advertisement for the 3780:. Quiz shows have typically aired in prime time, but 3565:, gained popularity in the late 1960s and 1970s with 1619:(which originated in 2002 as a programming format on 509:

As in other countries, television stations require a

8717:"WSVN keeps word to be news-heavy as an independent" 6978: 1682:. Francophone areas near the eastern portion of the 1515:

Broadcast television in languages other than English

11291:

National Cable & Telecommunications Association

11256:

Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers

9442:"Turner: Cable Primed to Beat Broadcast" (archived) 8784:"A TV News Pioneer Is Remembered, as Ed Ansin Dies" 7430: 7428: 6361:

Lists of United States network television schedules

6299:in Los Angeles are all affiliated with The CW, and 3743:pioneered the format, with other entries including 2939:. Devices that require a PC and television include 2818:, and many international websites such as YouTube, 2449:(which focuses on older theatrical feature films), 2441:(which focus on reality and documentary programs), 1999:(now an Estrella TV owned-and-operated station) in 1399:(which mainly airs films from the library of owner 998:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 434: 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 9433:Television Technology – A Short History (archived) 9235: 9046: 8739: 8231: 4857:), reruns of prime time animated sitcoms (such as 3776:Game shows have historically been associated with 3721:Loosely fitting the description are dating shows. 3620:(which also incorporates a card game element) and 2625:now receive programming by satellite, terrestrial 2373:(which maintains a general entertainment format), 1983:) and several affiliates internationally; and the 1185:Fox NewsEdge), though not every affiliate carries 439:In the United States, television is available via 419:. However, this number has fallen to 40% in 2024. 9233: 8708: 8673: 8590: 8562: 7519: 7477:"E.W. Scripps Completes Acquisition of Ion Media" 6350: 5279:during "Whenever, Wherever" on the screen at the 3292:for ABC. Successful news magazines have included 2196:, HBO became the first television network to use 2110: 1163:calls are respectively used by Fox affiliates in 908:", and during that decade, some of the country's 11662: 11286:National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences 9238:Watching TV: Four Decades of American Television 8958:"The 15 Best Foreign Shows on Netflix Right Now" 8517: 8309:"Aereo Concedes Defeat and Files for Bankruptcy" 8106: 8054: 7631: 7434: 7425: 7036:List of television stations in the United States 6663:froze the application process for new applicants 6610:Television development halted with the onset of 6235:ABC's parent company bought most of Fox's assets 6083:" by airing them in less-prominent time slots). 5128:List of professional wrestling television series 4485:) and two exclusively streamed on the Internet ( 4451:pioneered adult-oriented science fiction during 1786:feeds) is frequently repurposed for television. 1140:that it signed after acquiring the NFL rights). 11411: 9055:"WGN America Converts to Cable in Five Markets" 8813: 8638: 8172: 8002:"Weigel Introducing New Movies! Channel Monday" 7898:"MyNetworkTV Shakeup Music to Syndicators Ears" 7665:"UPN and WB to Combine, Forming New TV Network" 7603:"Time Warner TV Network to Cover 40% of Nation" 7214: 7031:High-definition television in the United States 6197:was deliberately filmed from the waist up only. 4078:has grown significantly. Popular shows such as 2907:built-in capabilities; dedicated boxes include 2598:leased from the telephone companies (primarily 1209:; created as a programming partnership between 1074:nor, arguably, (from 1956 to 1961) the smaller 667:(corporate parent of namesake flagship network 10585: 9346: 9234:Castleman, Harry; Podrazik, Walter J. (1982). 9078: 8436: 8182:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 7993: 7954: 7922: 7895: 7834: 7681: 7437:"FCC Takes Lid Off National Station Ownership" 7117: 6887:of viewers in this highly competitive market. 6726:Other popular genres in early television were 5493:List of anime distributed in the United States 5375:), professional golf (prominently through the 5260:limited (and rising, thanks to the efforts of 2567: 11397: 10980: 10571: 9479: 9352: 8417: 8364: 8229: 7860: 7813: 7474: 7041:List of United States pay television channels 5958:(for example, CBS Media Ventures distributes 4980:in particular has long excelled in providing 3242:The major networks (besides Fox) all offer a 3124: 3033:Licensing and distribution companies such as 2281:the exclusive carriers in their market after 2160:(or "pay-cable") service is Home Box Office ( 2131:List of United States pay television channels 1754:produced the Pentagon Channel (later renamed 1491:, which mainly airs court trial coverage and 1294: 384: 10905:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 9260: 9167:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 53–96. 9052: 8492:"Cord-Cutters Rejoice: CBS Joins Web Stream" 8188:(1). Broadcast Education Association: 1–17. 8057:"Bounce Set To Jump into the Multicast Game" 7637: 7493: 7176: 6933:2016 United States wireless spectrum auction 5569:it now mainly carries American programming; 5255:in a 1962 contest, followed by the death of 2117:Multichannel television in the United States 1734: 1221:, which had been acquired the year prior by 555:services in the US are primarily limited to 504:transition from analog to digital television 11195:American Society of Cinematographers Awards 10494:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 9324: 8807: 8489: 8439:"PlayStation Vue expands to Amazon Fire TV" 8392: 8306: 8030:"Sony's GetTV Jumps into Multicasting Fray" 7999: 7928:"Weigel Broadcasting Taking Me-TV National" 6810:and often-violent action-adventure series. 6673:A brief dispute over the system to use for 6567:and other manufacturers during his period. 5377:Professional Golfers Association of America 5336:(NCAA) restricted television broadcasts of 5219:have seen increased exposure in the 2010s. 5047: 4070:Set of Central Perk at Warner Bros. Studios 3188:for their programming or station imaging). 956:(through a law passed in 1990 known as the 700: 11404: 11390: 10987: 10973: 10578: 10564: 10530: 9486: 9472: 9298: 9214: 8895: 8461: 8281:Adam Liptak; Emily Steel (June 25, 2014). 7708: 7294:"Barely Keeping Up in TV's New Golden Age" 6583:establishing their station W2XWV (today's 6129:), soap operas (the now-defunct SoapNet), 5253:killed his opponent on national television 2746:leased to their subscribers to distribute 1774:and Internet broadcasts. Content from the 561:multichannel video programming distributor 536:public, educational, and government access 391: 377: 11251:Academy of Television Arts & Sciences 11205:ADG Excellence in Production Design Award 9416:Academy of Television Arts & Sciences 9411:The Encyclopedia of Television (archived) 9355:"Ninth Circuit Won't Block Hopper Either" 9318: 8082:"Grit, Escape Diginets To Launch Aug. 18" 8022: 7575: 7071:Satellite television in the United States 6954:The late 1990s also saw the invention of 6922:programs upgraded to HD. A law passed by 5117: 4785: 3268:face of the network's news division like 3191:Cable companies are required by the 1992 2125:Satellite television in the United States 2105:public, educational and government access 2015:Other Christian broadcasters include the 1058:Learn how and when to remove this message 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 8780: 8745: 8618: 8074: 7520:Melanie McFarland (September 20, 2006). 7496:"For TV Fans, Cramming in Sunday's Best" 7051:List of United States television markets 6789: 6364: 6188: 6148: 5907: 5500: 5350: 5334:National Collegiate Athletic Association 5270: 5131: 4795: 4612: 4299: 4062: 3791: 3330: 3224: 3128: 2612: 2471: 2342: 2143: 1611:(which began as a programming format on 1171:). Fox's only scheduled news program is 964:Other over-the-air commercial television 601: 7241: 5904:The life cycle of U.S. television shows 5486: 4969:became a superstation in October 1978. 3778:daytime television in the United States 2586:(some domestic satellites also covered 1240:was created on September 18, 2006 when 566: 14: 11663: 9493: 9227: 8944:"The Best Foreign TV Shows on Netflix" 8789:Radio & Television Business Report 8727:from the original on February 17, 2022 8696:from the original on February 17, 2022 8679: 8644: 7662: 7576:Schneider, Michael (August 10, 2016). 7349: 7182: 7160:"U.S. Television Households by Season" 6240:The FCC also prohibits the airing of " 3903: 2409:(which focuses on science fiction and 2051:. These networks rely mainly on overt 1602:networks, which debuted in July 2001; 822:" telecast in which NBC interrupted a 768:(1956–1961) were early attempts at a " 11385: 10968: 10559: 9467: 8916: 8714: 7863:"MyNetworkTV Changing Business Model" 7377:"600 MHz spectrum – Spectrum Gateway" 7016:Cable television in the United States 6822:television had a much longer legacy. 6599:Watch Company. On the same day, the 5204:Championship Wrestling from Hollywood 4696:Daytime talk show hits have included 4516: 2381:(which focus on sports programming), 2121:Cable television in the United States 878:Law & Order: Special Victims Unit 469:direct-broadcast satellite television 11281:National Association of Broadcasters 11261:American Society of Cinematographers 10540: 9406:The Museum of Television & Radio 9162: 8844: 8437:Andrew Webster (November 12, 2015). 7896:Paige Albiniak (February 16, 2009). 7756:. September 22, 2003. Archived from 7711:"WB will pitch the WeB to cable ops" 7682:Allison Romano (February 24, 2006). 7100:"Ownership of TV Sets Falls in U.S." 7076:Television news in the United States 7066:List of years in American television 6650:) in Chicago, as well as W6XAO (now 6603:station became commercial WCBW (now 6216:National Association of Broadcasters 5630:franchise (which aired in Canada on 5451:arrangements with event organizers. 5381:Ladies Professional Golf Association 5066:, which during the lifetime of host 4999:Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends 4633:during the 30-year run of third host 4453:its three-year run in the late 1960s 3842:, whereas daytime soaps are shot on 3571:(hosted and co-produced by Canadian 2998:are other examples of OTT services. 2762: 1387:(a joint venture between Weigel and 996:adding citations to reliable sources 967: 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 9131: 8896:Cuccinello, Hayley (June 2, 2016). 8795:from the original on April 15, 2023 8762:from the original on April 10, 2023 8680:Sonsky, Steve (September 2, 1988). 8661:from the original on April 12, 2021 7835:Michael Malone (February 9, 2009). 7814:John Eggerton (February 22, 2006). 7435:Harry A. Jessell (April 20, 2017). 7320:"Welcome to TV's Second Golden Age" 7021:Communications in the United States 6772:), also debuted in the late 1950s. 5855:. The South Korean thriller series 4442:Captain Video and His Video Rangers 4413:(an anthology series known for its 3539:to comedy-driven shows such as the 2078:Brigham Young University Television 1885:Corporation for Public Broadcasting 1762:content (the most well-known being 1752:United States Department of Defense 1598:, the American version of Mexico's 1097:the year before) had acquired from 168:American family watching TV in 1958 24: 9242:. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 9222:Television and the Public Interest 9079:Jim McConville (January 6, 1997). 9053:Kent Gibbons (December 16, 2014). 8820:Museum of Broadcast Communications 8682:"Channel 7 plans news, news, news" 8591:Yvonne Villarreal (July 7, 2015). 8563:Cynthia Littleton (June 3, 2015). 8518:Jeff Baumgartner (April 7, 2015). 8110:Handbook of Spanish Language Media 7955:Phil Rosenthal (August 30, 2010). 7861:James Hibberd (February 9, 2009). 7615:. November 2, 1993. Archived from 7118:Robert Seidman (August 23, 2013). 7056:List of American television awards 6816:Television and the Public Interest 6093:, it becomes a candidate to enter 5296:embrace of television broadcasting 5275:Stage pictured from the audience. 4915:), and original programs (such as 4702:(and its previous iterations with 3450:began regular broadcasts in 1941. 2322:International Family Entertainment 2316:. The network changed its name to 2308:as the television ministry of his 2215:The first basic cable network was 1867:in 1953. In January 1955, WCIQ on 1658: 1410:was launched in September 2011 by 1359:in Philadelphia and Delaware, and 922:The Late Show with Stephen Colbert 534:where the service is located, and 25: 11687: 11271:Federal Communications Commission 9399: 9002:Federal Communications Commission 8917:Perez, Sarah (November 9, 2015). 8746:Boedeker, Hal (August 16, 1993). 8645:Sonsky, Steve (January 1, 1989). 8619:Spangler, Todd (April 29, 2019). 8418:Elyse Betters (January 9, 2015). 8307:Emily Steel (November 21, 2014). 8055:Harry A. Jessell (May 10, 2011). 7709:Linda Moss (September 23, 1996). 7684:"CW Creates Small-Market Service" 7663:Carter, Bill (January 24, 2006). 7638:Jessica Seid (January 24, 2006). 7522:"On TV: Thursday night throwdown" 7494:Dave Itzkoff (January 12, 2014). 7475:Jon Lafayette (January 7, 2021). 7411:Federal Communications Commission 7280:Federal Communications Commission 7168:. August 28, 2007. Archived from 6389:and Norton Laboratories' WMAK in 6369:American family watching TV, 1958 6173:Most commercial stations are now 6155:Federal Communications Commission 5288:major professional sports leagues 4869:), foreign acquisitions (such as 3813:, moved to DirecTV-owned network 3217:, the United Kingdom and Canada. 2017:Three Angels Broadcasting Network 1821:of PBS, sharing programs such as 1007:"Television in the United States" 500:Federal Communications Commission 68:"Television in the United States" 11525:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11140:Producers Guild of America Award 11135:Directors Guild of America Award 11017:Over-the-air television networks 10996: 10781: 10748:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10539: 10529: 10520: 10519: 10508: 10129:Free-space optical communication 9195:. March 31, 1961. Archived from 8781:Jacobson, Adam (July 27, 2020). 8490:Emily Steel (October 16, 2014). 8367:"Court Finds FilmOn in Contempt" 7816:"News Corp. Unveils MyNetworkTV" 6995: 6981: 6849:, public affairs shows and some 6429: 5576:The minimal differences between 4467:), three on network television ( 2516:in November 1979) and HBO-owned 2009:Community Educational Television 1955:, before moving to KLXA-TV (now 1547:in Los Angeles and KCOR-TV (now 972: 900:such as cars, movie tickets and 781:concentration of media ownership 435:Television channels and networks 357: 162: 33: 11671:Television in the United States 11003:Television in the United States 9374: 9353:John Eggerton (July 14, 2014). 9292: 9276:. July 27, 1962. Archived from 9268:"Television: The Coming Season" 9181: 9156: 9125: 9103: 9072: 9032:American City Business Journals 9016: 8990: 8964: 8950: 8936: 8910: 8889: 8863: 8838: 8774: 8754:. Miami, Florida. pp. 1C, 8715:Jicha, Tom (December 7, 1988). 8688:. Miami, Florida. pp. 1B, 8647:"3 million TV viewers affected" 8612: 8584: 8556: 8532: 8511: 8483: 8462:Don Kaplan (October 16, 2014). 8455: 8430: 8411: 8393:Chris Welch (January 5, 2015). 8386: 8365:John Eggerton (July 25, 2014). 8358: 8326: 8300: 8274: 8250: 8223: 8166: 8145: 8127: 8100: 7967: 7948: 7916: 7889: 7854: 7828: 7807: 7775: 7771:– via RussellMyerson.com. 7739: 7702: 7675: 7656: 7595: 7569: 7545: 7513: 7487: 7468: 7454: 7399: 7369: 7343: 6447:Prewar and wartime broadcasting 6423:television in the United States 5605:You Can't Do That On Television 5473:National Basketball Association 4651:Late Night with David Letterman 3802:at the 2010 Daytime Emmy Awards 3725:was famous for the format; his 2703:with five to six million each. 2476:Matthew Weiner and the cast of 2066:Eternal Word Television Network 1939:, which was founded in 1973 by 1791:National Educational Television 1760:Broadcasting Board of Governors 1539:The largest of these networks, 1379:, and co-founded by Weigel and 1367:(originally founded in 2010 by 1072:National Educational Television 983:needs additional citations for 954:educational children's programs 44:needs additional citations for 18:Television of the United States 11316:Writers Guild of America, West 11311:Writers Guild of America, East 11145:Writers Guild of America Award 8723:. Miami, Florida. p. 5C. 8653:. Miami, Florida. p. 1A, 7312: 7286: 7268: 7222:"The Rise of Cable Television" 7152: 7111: 7092: 6351:History of American television 6137:) and even sports broadcasts ( 5385:United States Golf Association 5188:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling 5180:Extreme Championship Wrestling 4809:Children's television programs 4663:Late Show with David Letterman 4288:CSI: Crime Scene Investigation 4074:In the last 30 years, comedic 3787: 3500:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? 3386:in New York City in 1968, and 3207: 2806:providers in the U.S. include 2310:Christian Broadcasting Network 2111:Cable and satellite television 1951:) in the Los Angeles exurb of 1507:(which rely on music videos). 1085:However, in October 1986, the 655:commissioners in April 2017.) 417:cable television subscriptions 13: 1: 11215:Visual Effects Society Awards 9024:"WTBS to become Peachtree TV" 7350:Holmes, Linda (May 3, 2022). 7086: 7011:Big Three television networks 6929:Low-power television stations 6840:'s shows that often featured 6478: 6265:and nudity on such channels. 6144: 5950:for television pilots or buy 5637:Degrassi: The Next Generation 5634:, with the later incarnation 5235:broadcasting of sports events 4930:Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids 4918:The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show 4608: 3439: 2941:Windows Media Center Extender 2830:. In addition, services like 2658:intercepted the signal of HBO 2562:Out-of-market sports packages 1355:in the New York City market, 910:most watched television shows 729:American Broadcasting Company 707:Big Three television networks 11650:United States Virgin Islands 11412:Television in North America 11123:Technology & Engineering 10515:Telecommunication portal 10296:Telecommunications equipment 9325:Don Jeffrey (June 5, 2012). 9110:Kirt Blattenberger RF Cafe. 8849:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. 8194:10.1207/s15506878jobem4701_1 8113:. Routledge. pp. 237+. 8000:Duane Dudek (May 23, 2013). 7721:Cahners Business Information 5524:Monty Python's Flying Circus 5477:out-of-market sports package 5164:World Championship Wrestling 5102:) and commercially (such as 4954:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 4378:Television series featuring 2617:Satellite TV receiver dishes 2550:NBC Sports Regional Networks 2251:Turner's move pioneered the 2086:Christian Television Network 1937:Trinity Broadcasting Network 1125:National Football Conference 774:Paramount Television Network 739:") began as radio networks: 494:channel that is mapped to a 473:Internet Protocol Television 7: 10032:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 8770:– via Newspapers.com. 8735:– via Newspapers.com. 8704:– via Newspapers.com. 8669:– via Newspapers.com. 8139:myemail.constantcontact.com 7904:. Reed Business Information 7690:. Reed Business Information 7061:List of years in television 6974: 6945:special temporary authority 5599:Are You Afraid of the Dark? 4993:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood 4237:; and crime dramas such as 4228:Little House on the Prairie 4035:Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In 3688:Heatter-Quigley Productions 3424:consultant as an update to 3356:Two television stations in 3146:selling U.S. Treasury Bonds 2925:Netgear Digital Entertainer 2683:with 22 million customers, 2568:Transmission and technology 2276:prior to the ban maintain 1684:Canada–United States border 1401:Sony Pictures Entertainment 10: 11692: 11301:Producers Guild of America 11276:Motion Picture Association 11266:Directors Guild of America 11155:Screen Actors Guild Awards 10586:Television in the Americas 9736:Telecommunications history 9028:Atlanta Business Chronicle 8007:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 7527:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 7249:"Cable TV Statistics 2024" 6873:Direct-broadcast satellite 6820:non-commercial educational 6787:became a feasible medium. 6742:thrived in the so-called " 6555:) from a transmitter atop 6354: 6003:Networks use profits from 5490: 5426:ABC's Wide World of Sports 5226: 5156:World Wrestling Federation 5121: 4789: 4596:So You Think You Can Dance 3799:The Bold and the Beautiful 3575:) and the 1972 revival of 3473:shows of the era (such as 3125:The business of television 2773:Streaming service provider 2766: 2667:direct broadcast satellite 2590:and Hawaii with dedicated 2571: 2237:Turner Broadcasting System 2170:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 2128: 2114: 2049:Total Christian Television 1985:Daystar Television Network 1975:, and the Latino-oriented 1905:American Public Television 1901:public affairs programming 1523: 1519: 1295:Digital multicast services 1252:– which was revamped as a 917:late-night interview shows 704: 570: 138:This article is part of a 11625:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11543: 11417: 11324: 11243: 11230:MTV Movie & TV Awards 11080: 11009: 10923: 10890:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 10790: 10779: 10591: 10503: 10445: 10382: 10344:Public Switched Telephone 10304: 10268: 10225: 10166: 10156:telecommunication circuit 10117:Fiber-optic communication 10100: 9862:Francis Blake (telephone) 9809: 9657:Optical telecommunication 9501: 8244:University of Texas Press 7026:Fourth television network 6808:cheaply animated cartoons 6616:DuMont Television Network 6557:The Empire State Building 6131:Saturday morning cartoons 5896:and the Brazilian series 5582:Standard Canadian English 5461:its later sister channels 5222: 4974:Children's Television Act 4505:Star Wars Holiday Special 3939:The Mary Tyler Moore Show 3665:Merv Griffin's Crosswords 2790:multiple system operators 2584:continental United States 2580:communications satellites 2198:communications satellites 1863:, was established by the 1861:Alabama Public Television 1735:Non-commercial television 1723:, accompanied by English 1566:Its major competition is 1267:The WB 100+ Station Group 1238:The CW Television Network 1195:The WB Television Network 958:Children's Television Act 950:Sunday morning talk shows 762:DuMont Television Network 711:Fourth television network 637:local marketing agreement 403:Television is one of the 11645:Turks and Caicos Islands 11349:Multi-channel transition 11165:Critics' Choice TV Award 10910:Turks and Caicos Islands 10255:Orbital angular-momentum 9692:Satellite communications 9531:Communications satellite 9382:"Home | Apollo Group TV" 9189:"Television: The Season" 9085:Broadcasting & Cable 9059:Broadcasting & Cable 8372:Broadcasting & Cable 8173:Patrick Parsons (2003). 7902:Broadcasting & Cable 7841:Broadcasting & Cable 7821:Broadcasting & Cable 7688:Broadcasting & Cable 7481:Broadcasting & Cable 7134:Tribune Digital Ventures 7081:United States cable news 6781:All-Channel Receiver Act 6754:), with two exceptions: 6744:Golden Age of Television 6465:Multi-channel transition 5974:Buffy the Vampire Slayer 5578:General American English 5300:American Football League 5292:National Football League 5281:Super Bowl halftime show 5262:Premier Boxing Champions 5242:early days of television 5196:Sinclair Broadcast Group 5186:. Other would-be rivals 5054:instructional television 5048:Instructional television 5024:aforementioned networks 4739:The Ellen DeGeneres Show 4699:Live with Kelly and Ryan 4675:and newer shows such as 4572:America's Next Top Model 4533:) and as drama (such as 4312:69th Golden Globe Awards 3834:, over various issues). 3696:and adult shows such as 3113:concert recordings, and 2574:United States cable news 2541:Regional sports networks 2148:The bottom product is a 2100:Public access television 2058:evangelical Christianity 2037:Amazing Facts Television 2029:World Harvest Television 1913:First Nations Experience 1776:National Weather Service 1480:Sinclair Broadcast Group 1455:and a modern version of 1328:Retro Television Network 1134:New World Communications 1121:National Football League 1087:Fox Broadcasting Company 836:made-for-television film 824:National Football League 733:Fox Broadcasting Company 701:Major broadcast networks 673:Sinclair Broadcast Group 364:United States portal 215:Multi-channel transition 11103:Children's & Family 10134:Molecular communication 9957:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 9786:Undersea telegraph line 9521:Cable protection system 9134:"History of Television" 8339:The Wall Street Journal 7381:www.spectrumgateway.com 7276:"FCC V-Chip Fact Sheet" 6956:digital video recorders 6869:television receive-only 6857:Subscription television 6668:UHF band for television 6184:Four Points Media Group 5877:Grizzy and the Lemmings 5799:; the Icelander series 5217:New Japan Pro-Wrestling 5148:resurgence in the 1980s 4942:Alvin and the Chipmunks 4755:The Jerry Springer Show 3993:Everybody Loves Raymond 3394:sensationalist approach 3220: 3140:The main characters in 2961:provided a cloud-based 2608:television receive-only 2334:The Walt Disney Company 2283:syndication exclusivity 1389:Fox Television Stations 1258:Warner Bros. Television 1183:affiliate video service 826:(NFL) game between the 337:Programming and Ratings 11575:British Virgin Islands 11296:Paley Center for Media 11175:People's Choice Awards 11118:News & Documentary 10825:British Virgin Islands 10276:Communication protocol 10062:Charles Sumner Tainter 9877:Walter Houser Brattain 9822:Edwin Howard Armstrong 9630:Information revolution 8230:Mullen, Megan (2003). 7882:on September 24, 2015. 7868:The Hollywood Reporter 6802: 6757:The Lawrence Welk Show 6381:'s owned-and-operated 6370: 6274:retransmission consent 6198: 6179:outsourcing agreements 6177:or controlled through 6158: 5939: 5813:Suburra: Blood on Rome 5536:Keeping Up Appearances 5517: 5438:CBS Sports Spectacular 5356: 5323:National Hockey League 5283: 5144:Professional wrestling 5140: 5118:Professional wrestling 4805: 4792:TV Parental Guidelines 4786:Children's programming 4715:The Oprah Winfrey Show 4618: 4578:Dancing with the Stars 4497:). The film franchise 4315: 4124:Aqua Teen Hunger Force 4071: 4029:The Carol Burnett Show 3933:The Dick Van Dyke Show 3927:The Andy Griffith Show 3803: 3547:Audience participation 3465:in the 1950s before a 3349: 3239: 3197:retransmission consent 3147: 3004:copyright infringement 2982:respectively launched 2963:digital video recorder 2878:services also include 2693:Charter Communications 2618: 2493:The Larry Sanders Show 2486: 2366: 2353:hosting an episode of 2318:The CBN Family Channel 2166:Service Electric Cable 2153: 2070:Jewish Life Television 2025:Cornerstone Television 2021:Seventh-day Adventists 1889:corporate sponsorships 1721:American Sign Language 1653:Charter Communications 1447:, automotive-centered 1412:Martin Luther King III 1211:Chris-Craft Industries 860:Dancing with the Stars 610: 573:Terrestrial television 11676:Television by country 11515:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11010:Stations and networks 10738:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10250:Polarization-division 9982:Narinder Singh Kapany 9947:Erna Schneider Hoover 9867:Jagadish Chandra Bose 9847:Alexander Graham Bell 9578:online video platform 9458:WorldRadioHistory.com 9199:on September 19, 2012 8816:"Quiz and Game Shows" 8814:Hoerschelmann, Olaf. 8520:"'HBO Now' Goes Live" 7926:(November 22, 2010). 7727:on September 24, 2015 6793: 6628:Schenectady, New York 6517:Children's television 6399:mechanical television 6387:Schenectady, New York 6377:, a joint venture of 6368: 6357:History of television 6259:pornographic material 6192: 6152: 5969:midseason replacement 5956:first-run syndication 5911: 5894:La Casa de las Flores 5892:, the Mexican series 5843:; the Spanish series 5841:A Very Secret Service 5542:Are You Being Served? 5504: 5411:broadcasting between 5354: 5312:Major League Baseball 5274: 5209:Ohio Valley Wrestling 5135: 4799: 4790:Further information: 4752:" talk shows such as 4657:The Arsenio Hall Show 4645:The Merv Griffin Show 4616: 4303: 4066: 4005:How I Met Your Mother 3796:The cast and crew of 3795: 3552:Truth or Consequences 3482:The $ 64,000 Question 3334: 3236:30 Rockefeller Center 3228: 3139: 2945:HP MediaSmart Connect 2767:Further information: 2687:with 11 million, and 2616: 2522:softcore pornographic 2475: 2447:Turner Classic Movies 2346: 2314:religious programming 2147: 2019:(associated with the 1987:, founded in 1993 by 1967:, the youth-oriented 1688:Ici Radio-Canada Télé 1613:Liberman Broadcasting 1451:, children's network 1424:E. W. Scripps Company 1165:Jacksonville, Florida 661:E. W. Scripps Company 605: 461:unencrypted satellite 256:Children's television 10092:Vladimir K. Zworykin 10052:Almon Brown Strowger 10022:Charles Grafton Page 9677:Prepaid mobile phone 9605:Electrical telegraph 9444:, by Anthony Crupi, 9422:Now with Bill Moyers 9280:on February 19, 2011 9144:on February 10, 2023 8270:. February 13, 2014. 7565:on November 5, 2012. 7194:Simon & Schuster 7003:United States portal 6851:brokered programming 6622:) in New York City, 6404:The Television Ghost 6305:Secaucus, New Jersey 6107:The Program Exchange 6063:Arrested Development 6010:vertical integration 5944:production companies 5827:; the French series 5815:; the German series 5803:; the Danish series 5801:The Valhalla murders 5487:Imported programming 5459:in 1979 (along with 5447:, sometimes through 5432:ESPN Sports Saturday 5346:athletic conferences 4948:Garfield and Friends 4878:Kimba the White Lion 4709:The Jenny Jones Show 4621:The most successful 4433:of the era (such as 4342:Desperate Housewives 4084:Beavis and Butt-Head 3879:Beverly Hills, 90210 3674:), and video games ( 3469:exposed most of the 3467:wide-ranging scandal 3328:on Sunday mornings. 3261:Good Morning America 3244:morning news program 3079:Madman Entertainment 2786:Over-the-top content 2769:Streaming television 2735:until the launch of 2219:independent station 2210:Jackson, Mississippi 2090:Total Living Network 2005:subsidiary companies 1440:Luken Communications 1393:20th Century Studios 1369:Tribune Broadcasting 1324:resolution format). 1301:digital multicasting 1219:Paramount Television 1199:Tribune Broadcasting 1110:Beverly Hills, 90210 1093:(which acquired the 992:improve this article 797:America This Morning 567:Broadcast television 453:ultra high frequency 53:improve this article 11530:Trinidad and Tobago 11425:Antigua and Barbuda 11334:Prewar broadcasting 10915:U.S. Virgin Islands 10758:Trinidad and Tobago 10603:Antigua and Barbuda 10042:Johann Philipp Reis 9801:Wireless revolution 9763:The Telephone Cases 9620:Hydraulic telegraph 9384:. December 28, 2022 9138:New York University 9132:Stevens, Mitchell. 9091:on November 5, 2012 8960:. December 3, 2018. 8903:The Huffington Post 8469:New York Daily News 8211:on November 2, 2014 7795:. February 22, 2006 6920:standard-definition 6581:DuMont Laboratories 6565:DuMont Laboratories 6543:On April 30, 1939, 6512:Public broadcasting 6507:Sports broadcasting 6467: (1980s–1990s) 6461: (1950s–1980s) 5774:Alice in Borderland 5391:(particularly, the 5389:thoroughbred racing 5184:All Elite Wrestling 5063:The Joy of Painting 4470:The Animated Series 4458:The Next Generation 4386:Touched by an Angel 4372:Crazy Ex-Girlfriend 4041:Saturday Night Live 4023:Texaco Star Theatre 4011:The Big Bang Theory 3904:Comedies and dramas 3840:single-camera setup 3447:CBS Television Quiz 3310:in prime time, and 3121:on their websites. 3083:Manga Entertainment 2900:video game consoles 2898:Internet-connected 2794:Internet television 2482:at the 67th Annual 2278:grandfather clauses 2206:Vero Beach, Florida 2045:The Worship Network 1973:Smile of a Child TV 1953:Ontario, California 1933:religious broadcast 1924:broadcast service, 1865:Alabama Legislature 1836:Masterpiece Theatre 1533:Latino and Hispanic 1505:The Country Network 1381:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1345:Weigel Broadcasting 1332:Equity Broadcasting 1310:standard definition 1289:Nexstar Media Group 1234:in September 2007. 677:Nexstar Media Group 544:digital subchannels 449:very high frequency 251:Public broadcasting 246:Sports broadcasting 200:Prewar broadcasting 11465:Dominican Republic 11180:NAACP Image Awards 10668:Dominican Republic 10240:Frequency-division 10217:Telephone exchange 10087:Charles Wheatstone 10017:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 9992:Innocenzo Manzetti 9927:Reginald Fessenden 9662:Optical telegraphy 9495:Telecommunications 9220:Newton N. Minow, " 8497:The New York Times 8313:The New York Times 8287:The New York Times 8036:. February 3, 2014 8009:(The Dudek Abides) 7669:The New York Times 7532:Hearst Corporation 7500:The New York Times 7298:The New York Times 7140:on August 25, 2013 7104:The New York Times 6901:tabloid talk shows 6803: 6766:quiz show scandals 6732:police procedurals 6710:The Jack Paar Show 6391:Lockport, New York 6371: 6324:station WTCG (now 6287:in New York City, 6263:sexual intercourse 6199: 6175:owned-and-operated 6168:grandfather clause 6159: 5946:either commission 5940: 5781:streaming services 5669:Bananas in Pajamas 5663:The Red Green Show 5518: 5357: 5284: 5266:mixed martial arts 5141: 4890:Back to the Future 4806: 4684:Jimmy Kimmel Live! 4678:The Colbert Report 4619: 4517:Reality television 4316: 4192:Marcus Welby, M.D. 4072: 3999:The King of Queens 3910:situation comedies 3804: 3578:The Price Is Right 3418:tabloid journalism 3350: 3338:interviewing then- 3240: 3182:broadband internet 3148: 3077:in North America, 3043:Aniplex of America 2972:U.S. Supreme Court 2953:Hauppauge MediaMVP 2893:Amazon Prime Video 2840:Amazon Prime Video 2737:Al Jazeera America 2733:Al Jazeera English 2689:Cox Communications 2619: 2554:AT&T SportsNet 2528:services (such as 2487: 2367: 2154: 1965:The Church Channel 1799:Newark, New Jersey 1784:NOAA Weather Radio 1778:(such as loops of 1631:includes Comcast, 1457:The Family Channel 1337:Get After It Media 857:programs (such as 855:reality television 847:Pacific Time Zones 843:Pacific Time Zones 792:sports programming 611: 596:owned and operated 540:network affiliates 488:digital television 152:Television of the 11658: 11657: 11547:other territories 11379: 11378: 11369:History by decade 11235:MTV Fandom Awards 11225:GLAAD Media Award 11220:Golden Reel Award 11081:Awards and events 10962: 10961: 10553: 10552: 10291:Store and forward 10286:Data transmission 10200:Network switching 10151:Transmission line 9997:Guglielmo Marconi 9962:Internet pioneers 9827:Mohamed M. Atalla 9796:Whistled language 9448:December 7, 2005. 9360:Multichannel News 9174:978-1-4766-6874-1 9163:Holz, Jo (2017). 9004:. Washington, D.C 8856:978-1-4766-6874-1 8845:Holz, Jo (2017). 8598:Los Angeles Times 8525:Multichannel News 8346:December 29, 2014 8160:www.guidestar.org 8088:. August 11, 2014 7716:Multichannel News 7558:Chicago Sun-Times 7184:Putnam, Robert D. 7172:on June 13, 2013. 7165:TV by the Numbers 7136:). Archived from 7125:TV by the Numbers 6989:Television portal 6770:limited animation 6713:and sitcoms like 6704:The Three Stooges 6654:) and W6XYZ (now 6579:) as well as the 6541: 6540: 6533:History by decade 6490: (2019–2022) 6455: (1947–1960) 6449: (1928–1947) 6246:graphic profanity 6223:satellite station 6123:Game Show Network 6075:The Mindy Project 5871:The Garfield Show 5811:; Italian series 5695:O: Just Add Water 5514:Toast of the Town 5308:advertising sales 5213:Lucha Underground 4837:Saturday mornings 4832:Mickey Mouse Club 4587:and its spin-off 4410:The Twilight Zone 4392:Highway to Heaven 4252:Hill Street Blues 3945:All in the Family 3734:The Newlywed Game 3711:Supermarket Sweep 3643:Hollywood Squares 3568:Let's Make a Deal 3536:To Tell the Truth 3402:Buffalo, New York 3238:in New York City. 3201:carriage disputes 3195:to negotiate for 3137: 2931:and formerly the 2876:Mobile television 2779:Internet Protocol 2763:Internet services 2514:The Movie Channel 2435:Discovery Channel 2182:Thrilla in Manila 1740:Public television 1725:closed captioning 1478:(launched by the 1420:Katz Broadcasting 1377:Allen Media Group 1215:United Television 1145:flagship stations 1130:affiliation deals 1068: 1067: 1060: 1042: 945:animated cartoons 816:Eastern Time Zone 532:television market 484:analog television 401: 400: 235:History by decade 153: 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 11683: 11615:Saint Barthélemy 11545:Dependencies and 11418:Sovereign states 11406: 11399: 11392: 11383: 11382: 11359:Post-network era 11001: 11000: 10989: 10982: 10975: 10966: 10965: 10880:Saint Barthélemy 10840:Falkland Islands 10785: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10557: 10556: 10543: 10542: 10533: 10532: 10523: 10522: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10384:Notable networks 10374:Wireless network 10314:Cellular network 10306:Types of network 10281:Computer network 10168:Network topology 10082:Thomas A. Watson 9937:Oliver Heaviside 9922:Philo Farnsworth 9897:Daniel Davis Jr. 9872:Charles Bourseul 9832:John Logie Baird 9541:Data compression 9536:Computer network 9488: 9481: 9474: 9465: 9464: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9299:Tobias Steiner. 9296: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9285: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9241: 9231: 9225: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9204: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9140:. Archived from 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9087:. Archived from 9076: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8954: 8948: 8947: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8914: 8908: 8907: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8877:. April 11, 2020 8867: 8861: 8860: 8842: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8822:. Archived from 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8786: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8752:The Miami Herald 8743: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8686:The Miami Herald 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8651:The Miami Herald 8642: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8552:. March 9, 2015. 8536: 8530: 8529: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8415: 8409: 8408: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8330: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8237: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8210: 8204:. Archived from 8179: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8157: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7893: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7875:. Archived from 7873:Associated Press 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7763:on March 4, 2016 7762: 7751: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7723:. Archived from 7706: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7619:on June 10, 2014 7608:The Buffalo News 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7432: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7413:. April 10, 2019 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7383:. Archived from 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7300:. March 10, 2014 7290: 7284: 7283: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7227:Encyclopedia.com 7218: 7212: 7211: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7096: 7005: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6991: 6986: 6985: 6912:transitioning it 6785:UHF broadcasting 6678:the mid-1960s). 6632:General Electric 6561:General Electric 6483: 6480: 6475:post-network era 6453:First Golden Age 6433: 6418: 6417: 6413:Great Depression 6379:General Electric 5865:Rabbids Invasion 5611:Naturally, Sadie 5421:anthology series 5373:Indianapolis 500 5338:college football 5316:Game of the Week 5168:Monday Night War 5026:Nick Jr. Channel 4854:Woody Woodpecker 4820:Captain Kangaroo 4628:The Tonight Show 4590:The Bachelorette 4560:The Amazing Race 4426:Once Upon a Time 4116:King of the Hill 3921:The Honeymooners 3844:multiple cameras 3826:One Life to Live 3737:and (notorious) 3633:Wheel of Fortune 3494:The Big Surprise 3234:broadcasts from 3178: 3177: 3173: 3138: 3067:Sentai Filmworks 2860:desktop computer 2717:Pentagon Channel 2697:AT&T U-verse 2623:system operators 2505:Sex and the City 2395:Fox News Channel 2295:C-band satellite 2217:Atlanta, Georgia 2072:(JLTV), and the 2041:The Word Network 1801:/New York City, 1764:Voice of America 1756:DoD News Channel 1746:), does operate 1680:Eastern Seaboard 1574:/New York City, 1561:corporate parent 1497:WeatherNation TV 1459:. Men's network 1432:Court TV Mystery 1095:20th Century Fox 1091:News Corporation 1076:NTA Film Network 1063: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1043: 1041: 1000: 976: 968: 928:The Tonight Show 766:NTA Film Network 764:(1948–1956) and 405:major mass media 393: 386: 379: 366: 362: 361: 360: 225:Post-network era 166: 156: 151: 143: 133: 132: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 11691: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11681: 11680: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11654: 11548: 11546: 11539: 11413: 11410: 11380: 11375: 11374: 11373: 11320: 11239: 11200:Humanitas Prize 11076: 11065:High-definition 11005: 10995: 10993: 10963: 10958: 10933:Central America 10919: 10794: 10786: 10777: 10594: 10587: 10584: 10554: 10549: 10509: 10507: 10499: 10441: 10378: 10300: 10264: 10221: 10170: 10162: 10103: 10096: 10002:Robert Metcalfe 9857:Tim Berners-Lee 9805: 9625:Information Age 9497: 9492: 9402: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9380: 9379: 9375: 9365: 9363: 9351: 9347: 9337: 9335: 9323: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9297: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9254: 9232: 9228: 9219: 9215: 9202: 9200: 9187: 9186: 9182: 9175: 9161: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9130: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9108: 9104: 9094: 9092: 9077: 9073: 9063: 9061: 9051: 9047: 9037: 9035: 9034:. June 27, 2007 9022: 9021: 9017: 9007: 9005: 8996: 8995: 8991: 8981: 8979: 8976:Buffalonews.com 8970: 8969: 8965: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8915: 8911: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8864: 8857: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8826:on May 13, 2007 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8779: 8775: 8765: 8763: 8744: 8740: 8730: 8728: 8713: 8709: 8699: 8697: 8678: 8674: 8664: 8662: 8643: 8639: 8629: 8627: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8561: 8557: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8516: 8512: 8502: 8500: 8488: 8484: 8474: 8472: 8460: 8456: 8435: 8431: 8416: 8412: 8391: 8387: 8377: 8375: 8363: 8359: 8349: 8347: 8332: 8331: 8327: 8317: 8315: 8305: 8301: 8291: 8289: 8279: 8275: 8268:Gannett Company 8256: 8255: 8251: 8228: 8224: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8155: 8151: 8150: 8146: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8121: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8053: 8049: 8039: 8037: 8028: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7981:. July 29, 2008 7973: 7972: 7968: 7961:Chicago Tribune 7953: 7949: 7939: 7937: 7933:Chicago Tribune 7921: 7917: 7907: 7905: 7894: 7890: 7879: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7833: 7829: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7796: 7793:Gannett Company 7781: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7749: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7730: 7728: 7707: 7703: 7693: 7691: 7680: 7676: 7661: 7657: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7574: 7570: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7536: 7534: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7492: 7488: 7473: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7433: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7387:on July 8, 2020 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7330:CBS Interactive 7318: 7317: 7313: 7303: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7282:. July 1, 1999. 7274: 7273: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7181: 7177: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7116: 7112: 7098: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7001: 6996: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6977: 6916:high definition 6847:local newscasts 6795:John F. Kennedy 6748:big band remote 6721:physical comedy 6537: 6493: 6481: 6363: 6355:Main articles: 6353: 6147: 6086: 5932:William Frawley 5906: 5770:Samurai Gourmet 5694: 5617:Life with Derek 5586:culture barrier 5499: 5489: 5444:NBC SportsWorld 5405:Televised poker 5401:ten-pin bowling 5231: 5225: 5130: 5122:Main articles: 5120: 5087:The French Chef 5050: 5021:Cartoon Network 4860:The Flintstones 4794: 4788: 4631:, particularly 4611: 4519: 4510:The Mandalorian 4464:Deep Space Nine 4366:Jane the Virgin 4314:in January 2012 4276:Law & Order 4132:Bless the Harts 4076:adult animation 3906: 3820:All My Children 3790: 3764:Love Connection 3728:The Dating Game 3530:What's My Line? 3442: 3430:Eyewitness News 3375:Eyewitness News 3319:Face the Nation 3270:Walter Cronkite 3223: 3210: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3129: 3127: 2988:PlayStation Vue 2858:, whether on a 2775: 2765: 2748:video on demand 2596:microwave links 2576: 2570: 2558:Spectrum Sports 2530:Viewer's Choice 2423:Cartoon Network 2248:call letters). 2168:subscribers in 2133: 2127: 2115:Main articles: 2113: 2082:family-friendly 1768:Smith–Mundt Act 1737: 1711:Polish language 1709:in Florida and 1661: 1659:Other languages 1528: 1522: 1517: 1297: 1285:Gray Television 1242:CBS Corporation 1174:Fox News Sunday 1138:SF Broadcasting 1064: 1053: 1047: 1044: 1001: 999: 989: 977: 966: 931:). Rather than 832:Oakland Raiders 804:(such as NBC's 802:morning program 755:in 1943 as the 753:Edward J. Noble 731:(ABC), and the 717: 703: 695:Gray Television 651:and his fellow 579: 571:Main articles: 569: 496:virtual channel 437: 407:outlets in the 397: 358: 356: 355: 348: 347: 338: 330: 329: 315: 307: 306: 305: 280: 272: 271: 260:TV animation: ( 240: 195: 187: 169: 154: 150: 137: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11689: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11635:Sint Eustatius 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11580:Cayman Islands 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11551: 11549: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11421: 11419: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11408: 11401: 11394: 11386: 11377: 11376: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11364:Streaming wars 11361: 11356: 11354:New Golden Age 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11247: 11245: 11241: 11240: 11238: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11130:Sylvania Award 11127: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11084: 11082: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11074: 11073: 11072: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11046: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11013: 11011: 11007: 11006: 10992: 10991: 10984: 10977: 10969: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10956: 10949: 10947: 10942: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10895:Sint Eustatius 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10830:Cayman Islands 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10801: 10799: 10788: 10787: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10582: 10575: 10568: 10560: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10537: 10527: 10517: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10497: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10455: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10388: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10310: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10235:Space-division 10231: 10229: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10219: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10207: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10185: 10180: 10174: 10172: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10148: 10147: 10146: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10125: 10124: 10114: 10108: 10106: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10072:Camille Tissot 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10047:Claude Shannon 10044: 10039: 10037:Tivadar Puskás 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10007:Antonio Meucci 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9977:Charles K. Kao 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9952:Harold Hopkins 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9852:Emile Berliner 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9791:Videotelephony 9788: 9783: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9766: 9759: 9754: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9694: 9689: 9687:Radiotelephone 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9573:Internet video 9565: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9507: 9505: 9499: 9498: 9491: 9490: 9483: 9476: 9468: 9462: 9461: 9455: 9449: 9439: 9430: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9401: 9400:External links 9398: 9396: 9395: 9373: 9345: 9317: 9291: 9259: 9252: 9226: 9213: 9180: 9173: 9155: 9124: 9102: 9071: 9045: 9015: 8989: 8978:. May 19, 2017 8963: 8949: 8935: 8909: 8888: 8862: 8855: 8837: 8806: 8773: 8738: 8721:The Miami News 8707: 8672: 8637: 8611: 8583: 8555: 8531: 8510: 8482: 8454: 8429: 8410: 8385: 8357: 8325: 8299: 8273: 8249: 8222: 8165: 8144: 8126: 8119: 8099: 8073: 8047: 8021: 7992: 7966: 7947: 7935:(Tower Ticker) 7924:Phil Rosenthal 7915: 7888: 7853: 7827: 7806: 7774: 7754:TelevisionWeek 7738: 7701: 7674: 7655: 7630: 7594: 7568: 7544: 7512: 7486: 7467: 7453: 7424: 7407:"600 MHz Band" 7398: 7368: 7342: 7311: 7285: 7267: 7240: 7213: 7207:978-0684832838 7206: 7175: 7151: 7110: 7107:. May 3, 2011. 7090: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6992: 6976: 6973: 6646:), W9XBK (now 6539: 6538: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6521:TV animation ( 6519: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6488:Streaming wars 6485: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6426: 6425: 6375:WGY Television 6352: 6349: 6146: 6143: 5905: 5902: 5829:Call My Agent! 5817:Babylon Berlin 5692: 5644:and presently 5632:CBC Television 5594:Family Channel 5506:Carmen Miranda 5488: 5485: 5250:Emile Griffith 5227:Main article: 5224: 5221: 5119: 5116: 5077:This Old House 5049: 5046: 5017:Disney Channel 4963:Bozo the Clown 4787: 4784: 4668:The Daily Show 4610: 4607: 4542:The Real World 4518: 4515: 4420:Drop Dead Diva 4404:Fantasy Island 4270:21 Jump Street 4216:Grey's Anatomy 4144:Comedy Central 4104:Rick and Morty 3969:The Cosby Show 3905: 3902: 3789: 3786: 3716:David Ruprecht 3671:People Puzzler 3659:The Cross-Wits 3441: 3438: 3313:Meet the Press 3290:Peter Jennings 3282:David Brinkley 3222: 3219: 3209: 3206: 3164:pay television 3152:advertisements 3126: 3123: 3055:Media Blasters 3047:Discotek Media 2921:Amazon Fire TV 2902:and dedicated 2804:Web television 2764: 2761: 2685:Spectrum Cable 2569: 2566: 2484:Peabody Awards 2415:Disney Channel 2413:programming), 2364:Michael Mullen 2356:The Daily Show 2188:match between 2112: 2109: 2062:Roman Catholic 1977:TBN Enlace USA 1921:Deutsche Welle 1857:South Carolina 1736: 1733: 1729:severe weather 1704:Greek language 1660: 1657: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1495:programming), 1296: 1293: 1232:Ion Television 1169:El Paso, Texas 1066: 1065: 980: 978: 971: 965: 962: 884:Grey's Anatomy 770:fourth network 702: 699: 690:it distributes 669:Ion Television 568: 565: 557:pay television 515:public affairs 477:World Wide Web 436: 433: 399: 398: 396: 395: 388: 381: 373: 370: 369: 368: 367: 350: 349: 346: 345: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 327: 322: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 304: 303: 293: 288: 282: 281: 278: 277: 274: 273: 270: 269: 258: 253: 248: 238: 237: 232: 230:Streaming wars 227: 222: 220:New Golden Age 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 186: 185: 180: 174: 171: 170: 167: 159: 158: 146: 145: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11688: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11552: 11550: 11542: 11536: 11535:United States 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11416: 11407: 11402: 11400: 11395: 11393: 11388: 11387: 11384: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244:Organizations 11242: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11170:Peabody Award 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11150:Golden Globes 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11108:International 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11090: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11008: 11004: 10999: 10990: 10985: 10983: 10978: 10976: 10971: 10970: 10967: 10955: 10954: 10953:South America 10950: 10948: 10946: 10945:Latin America 10943: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10928:North America 10926: 10925: 10922: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10845:French Guiana 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10793: 10789: 10784: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10763:United States 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10590: 10581: 10576: 10574: 10569: 10567: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10546: 10538: 10536: 10528: 10526: 10518: 10516: 10506: 10505: 10502: 10495: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10303: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10267: 10261: 10260:Code-division 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10245:Time-division 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10224: 10218: 10215: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171:and switching 10169: 10165: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10152: 10149: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10122:optical fiber 10120: 10119: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10112:Coaxial cable 10110: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10027:Radia Perlman 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9917:Lee de Forest 9915: 9913: 9912:Thomas Edison 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9902:Donald Davies 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9887:Claude Chappe 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9731:Smoke signals 9729: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9709:Semiconductor 9707: 9703: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9651: 9648: 9647: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9568:Digital media 9566: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9489: 9484: 9482: 9477: 9475: 9470: 9469: 9466: 9459: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9403: 9383: 9377: 9362: 9361: 9356: 9349: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9321: 9306: 9302: 9295: 9279: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9263: 9255: 9253:0-07-010269-4 9249: 9245: 9240: 9239: 9230: 9223: 9217: 9210: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9184: 9176: 9170: 9166: 9159: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9113: 9106: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9060: 9056: 9049: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9019: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8959: 8953: 8945: 8939: 8924: 8920: 8913: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8892: 8876: 8872: 8866: 8858: 8852: 8848: 8841: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8794: 8790: 8785: 8777: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8742: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8711: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8676: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8641: 8626: 8622: 8615: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8587: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8559: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8541: 8535: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8514: 8499: 8498: 8493: 8486: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8458: 8450: 8446: 8445: 8440: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8389: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8361: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8329: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8288: 8284: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8240:Austin, Texas 8236: 8235: 8226: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8161: 8154: 8148: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8122: 8120:9781135854300 8116: 8112: 8111: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8010: 8008: 8003: 7996: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7936: 7934: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7886: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7864: 7857: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7778: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7717: 7712: 7705: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7670: 7666: 7659: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7598: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7516: 7501: 7497: 7490: 7483:. Future plc. 7482: 7478: 7471: 7463: 7457: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7429: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7281: 7277: 7271: 7260:September 11, 7256: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7217: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7091: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7004: 6993: 6990: 6984: 6979: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6964:time shifting 6961: 6957: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6888: 6886: 6885:critical mass 6882: 6878: 6877:digital (DSS) 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6800: 6799:Richard Nixon 6796: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6783:of 1964 that 6782: 6778: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6679: 6676: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6634:), WPTZ (now 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6534: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6489: 6486: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6409:piano lessons 6406: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6342:channel drift 6337: 6335: 6334:national feed 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6281:superstations 6277: 6275: 6271: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6196: 6195:Elvis Presley 6191: 6187: 6185: 6180: 6176: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6156: 6151: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5910: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5766:Hibana: Spark 5763: 5758: 5757:Power Rangers 5754: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5742:Power Rangers 5738: 5734: 5730: 5729:Anime Network 5726: 5725: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5685:Ship to Shore 5681: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5627:Degrassi High 5623: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5567:channel drift 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5549: 5548:Downton Abbey 5544: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5531: 5530:Fawlty Towers 5526: 5525: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5409:boom in poker 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5342:antitrust law 5339: 5335: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5192:Ring of Honor 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152:Vince McMahon 5149: 5145: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5030:Disney Junior 5027: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4988: 4987:Sesame Street 4983: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848:Tom and Jerry 4844: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4803: 4802:Sesame Street 4798: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4710: 4706:as co-host), 4705: 4704:Regis Philbin 4701: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4637: 4636:Johnny Carson 4634: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4567: 4566:American Idol 4562: 4561: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4524:Candid Camera 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4415:twist endings 4412: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4381: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4360:Devious Maids 4356: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4307:Modern Family 4302: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4247: 4246:Hawaii Five-O 4242: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4198:St. Elsewhere 4194: 4193: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4112:Robot Chicken 4109: 4108:Bob's Burgers 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4054:Dennis Miller 4051: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4018: 4017:Modern Family 4013: 4012: 4007: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885:Melrose Place 3881: 3880: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3867:Knots Landing 3863: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3833: 3832:Prospect Park 3828: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3801: 3800: 3794: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3678: 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1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1894:pledge drives 1890: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1824:Sesame Street 1820: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1578:/Chicago and 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1527: 1512: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1292: 1290: 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Martin 11534: 11190:Artios Award 11185:Eddie Awards 11002: 10951: 10900:Sint Maarten 10885:Saint Martin 10792:Dependencies 10762: 10227:Multiplexing 10102:Transmission 10067:Nikola Tesla 10057:Henry Sutton 10012:Samuel Morse 9942:Robert Hooke 9907:Amos Dolbear 9842:John Bardeen 9761: 9741:Telautograph 9645:Mobile phone 9600:Edholm's law 9583:social media 9516:Broadcasting 9445: 9421: 9386:. 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Retrieved 7138:the original 7123: 7113: 7102: 7094: 6969: 6953: 6909: 6897: 6889: 6855: 6835: 6824: 6812:Newton Minow 6804: 6774: 6762:Guy Lombardo 6755: 6740:wheel series 6725: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6692:Looney Tunes 6690: 6680: 6672: 6660: 6640:Philadelphia 6612:World War II 6609: 6547:through its 6542: 6477: (1999– 6422: 6402: 6372: 6346: 6338: 6278: 6267: 6239: 6220: 6200: 6172: 6160: 6139:ESPN Classic 6115: 6110: 6100: 6091:100 episodes 6088: 6085: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6057:Wonder Woman 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6031: 6028:cancellation 6024: 6002: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5972: 5965: 5959: 5952:spec scripts 5941: 5935: 5928:Vivian Vance 5924:Lucille Ball 5913: 5912:The cast of 5882: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5856: 5778: 5756: 5752:Super Sentai 5750: 5740: 5722: 5700: 5689: 5683: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5657:SCTV Network 5655: 5649: 5635: 5625: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5575: 5570: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5513: 5481:minor league 5469:Fox Sports 1 5453: 5442: 5436: 5435:, in 2011), 5430: 5424: 5397:Breeders Cup 5393:Triple Crown 5358: 5331: 5320: 5285: 5239: 5232: 5202: 5200: 5142: 5112:cooking show 5100:Yan Can Cook 5099: 5085: 5075: 5072:oil painting 5061: 5057: 5051: 5041:Nick at Nite 5039: 5033: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4971: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4896:Ghostbusters 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4842:Looney Tunes 4840: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4775: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4626: 4620: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4584:The Bachelor 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4508: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4446: 4440: 4436:Flash Gordon 4434: 4431:film serials 4424: 4418: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4317: 4305: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 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Television in the United States

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