207:, who was part of one of the most influential clans in Philippine history, was a main incorporator. PTIC formally took control of PLDT on January 1, 1968. This led to the takeover of PLDT by the Filipinos, becoming a dominant player in telecommunications because of its authorization to operate a national network. Company officials however dispute that they were a monopoly because of the existence of a government telephone system, and over 60 provincial companies operating in the country. The Bureau of Telecommunications (Butel) handled the government telephone system, which by 1975 had 34,643 operational telephone lines, or about 10.2% of the total telephone capacity of the country.
535:
615:, from news briefs to multimedia services. Cellular mobile services began in the country only in 1991. In May 2000, the number of cellular phone subscribers exceeded the number of fixed line subscribers. This is because of the spotty telephone service and high cost of fixed line subscriptions. It was also seen how SMS is affordable. This led to the Philippines has become the global capital of text messaging, which was a feature of the mobile phone that was ignored by other countries. Meanwhile, in 2001, the popularity of the text messaging in the Philippines has created a subculture called
309:
the subscribers of another. In the Senate, anti-monopoly bills were filed in the House of
Representatives and it was reported that PLDT was the main target of these bills. The Congress had already approved nine telecom franchise, their applications pending at the NTC for provisional authority to operate international, cellular, or value-added services. This also led to the Congress controlling who could obtain a franchise. But PLDT would successfully block new entrants to the industry by filing various legal challenges.
1132:
760:). Mobile broadband use is more popular in the country and fixed broadband penetration in the Philippines is still low. Since market leader PLDT is now offering fibre-based services and will soon be introducing hybrid technology such as G.fast, it is pushing its competitors like Globe Telecom to match them. In general, Internet service in the Philippines is still too unaffordable for majority of the population. The prices are declining but the market continues to struggle against low entry level packages.
3951:
1066:
426:
2234:
2061:
5175:
3945:
5186:
3814:
2732:
2742:
3957:
24:
3824:
789:
1305:"Establishing Basic Policies for the Telephone Industry, Amending for the Purpose the Pertinent Provisions of Commonwealth Act No. 146, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the Public Service Act, as Amended, and All Inconsistent Legislative and Municipal Franchise of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company Under Act No. 3436, as Amended, and All Inconsistent Legislative and Municipal Franchises Including Other Existing Laws"
3803:
3834:
259:'s Presidential Decree No. 217 in 1973 mandated all PLDT subscribers to invest in PLDT to raise its equity and finance its expansion program. This law, known as the Subscribers Investment Plan (SIP) required all PLDT subscribers to buy non-voting shares in the company. Mandatory investors held about 85% of the total company equity shares but had no actual power in controlling the company.
360:. This partnership resulted to a rapid construction of Smart's network and more importantly, the subsidization of handsets. Smart was also authorised to offer both international gateway and cellular telephone services. At the end of 2005, Smart became the largest cellular operator in the Philippines with over 15.4 million subscribers.
283:
the integration of the telecommunications system under a monopoly. It also affirmed that development of the national telcos needs an introduction of competition and regulated entry into the market. During the end of Cory's term however, telecommunications was poor but PLDT prevailed with their tactics in maintaining their monopoly.
1004:'s Telecommunications Regulatory Environment (TRE) index, which summarizes stakeholders' perception on certain TRE dimensions, provides insight into how conducive the environment is for further development and progress. The most recent survey was conducted in July 2008 in eight Asian countries, including
583:
Although based in the
Philippines, there is foreign ownership in PLDT (76%) and Globe (73%)—resulting a duopoly in the telecom industry. Anthony Salim is one of them, which is the biggest controlling stockholder of PLDT through Hong Kong based First Pacific Company Limited, which led him to establish
774:
Based on this Q2 2017 report by Akamai, the
Philippines' average internet speed (IPV4) was a lowly 5.5 Mbps, which was below the global average of 7.2 Mbps during the time of the study. Ookla, the company behind the popular internet speed testing service Speedtest, shows that the country's
269:
In 1981, a
National Telecommunications Development Plan was released. A section of the plan recommended the integration of all private telephone companies under one monopoly. Marcos issued a presidential directive to Retelco, PLDT's main competitor in Metro Manila, to merge with PLDT. The merger was
1037:
The prominent companies providing telecommunication services are
Philippine Long Distance Telephone (PLDT) and Globe Telecom (Globe). The two aforementioned companies are the leading players in the industry, causing a duopoly. The Filipinos continually pay expensive prices for slow internet without
591:
The mobile average revenue per user (ARPU) levels have been decreasing in the
Philippines due to the visible competition in the mobile industry. In order to grab market share, aggressive price competition is done by these operators. There has been a drastic increase in mobile broadband penetration,
308:
As a countermeasure against PLDT's earlier attempts at refusing interconnection with its competitors, President Ramos signed an
Executive Order 59 on 24 February 1993. EO 59 required interconnection among all authorized telecommunications companies, in order for subscribers on one operator to reach
1096:
A lot of
Filipinos work outside of their country and they keep contact with their families back home using calling cards to the Philippines because those are cheaper than direct calling. According to the TNS Digital Life Study of 2012, about 81% of urban Filipinos use the internet to keep in touch
282:
government's policy was two-pronged: it was to increase public spending in underserved or unserved municipalities, and allow entry of new players. In 1987, the DOTC adopted a series of policies aimed at rationalizing the development of the industry. This led to the reversal of Marcos' push towards
131:
signed
Republic Act No. 7925 (The Public Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines). This law opened the sector to more private players and improved the provision of telecom services are better and fairer rates, leading to the creation of many telecommunication service providers for mobile,
247:
PLDT could allow, slow down, or deny interconnection at will. Some companies which found it financially impossible to operate without interconnection sold their companies to PLDT. They also dictated the interconnection access rates, which meant that PLDT cornered most telecommunications revenues.
1145:
Common towers or cell sites that allow co-sharing arrangements between separate telecommunications services is currently being rolled out across the
Philippines. The policy for common towers is meant to encourage a rise in investment activities and broad market-led development on the part of ICT
579:
Considered one of the most profitable industries, telecoms have emerged in the country due to it becoming a necessity and its product life cycle. The mobile market of the Philippines has been run by the duopoly of Smart together with Globe Telecom. The two companies have a very tight hold on the
312:
In 1994, the NTC and several other industry players devised the Service Area Scheme (SAS) This scheme was in response to imbalanced demand of telecom companies in urban areas over rural areas.The SAS attempted to allow companies to earn profits but also ensure that part of those profits would be
243:
In 1976, the Philippine Association of Private Telephone Companies was organized to protect the interest of small telephone companies. By 1975, around 60 small telephone companies provided 11.7% of the total telephone capacity at the time. These small companies were dependent on PLDT to place
1112:, 88% of Filipinos consider the internet good for education. The survey also notes that 76% of Filipinos see the internet as good for the maintenance of personal relationships. 73% believe that the internet is good for the economy, especially with the boom of online or electronic commerce.
296:
Under the Ramos administration, a coalition named the Movement for Reliable and Efficient Phone System (MORE Phones) was formed with the goal of liberalizing the telecommunications industry. Until the mid-1990s, MORE Phones continued to pressure PLDT to be more transparent and accountable.
1051:(SMC) to enter the Philippine market as the third player. However, Telstra did not push through. The Australian company did not give any explicit reason for their repudiation. However, some analysts would assume that Telstra was turned off with the pricing battle caused by the duopoly.
592:
as well as an increase of wireless broadband users over the past five years. It is predicted that over the next five years will have a strong growth. On the other hand, it could decline and slow down as the market matures. Currently, the Philippines is preparing from the move from
1032:, and the Philippines. The tool measured seven dimensions: i) market entry; ii) access to scarce resources; iii) interconnection; iv) tariff regulation; v) anti-competitive practices; and vi) universal services; vii) quality of service, for the fixed, mobile and broadband sectors.
203:(GTE) as a major stockholder. However, in March 1967, GTE disposed of their 28% controlling interest in PLDT. Which is why on November 7, 1967, the Philippines Telecommunications Investment Corporation (PTIC) was registered to buy GTE's controlling interest. Ramon
1149:
Presently, there are over 20 tower companies with licenses to operate but only six of these companies as having the capabilities, wherewithal, and customer support to secure meaningful build-to-suit (BTS) commitments from mobile network operators for new sites.
344:
When the 1997 financial crisis stuck, there were two consolidations that happened in the industry. In June 2001, the Globe-Islacom Merger was completed. This merger resulted to providing improved services and a wider coverage for the two companies subscribers.
177:. Permission was granted for a 10 km radius telephone network with bidding for the public works done in Madrid and Manila. By May 1894, all necessary posts and ridges was installed. The telephone network in Iloilo City was operational by June 1, 1894.
1671:
Tiglao, Rigoberto, “Colossal deception : how foreigners control our telecoms sector : a case study of corruption, cronyism and regulatory capture in the Philippines”, p. 1-2, Strong Republic Books and The Manila Times Publishing Corp., 2016,
1631:
Tiglao, Rigoberto, “Colossal deception : how foreigners control our telecoms sector : a case study of corruption, cronyism and regulatory capture in the Philippines”, p. 7, Strong Republic Books and The Manila Times Publishing Corp., 2016,
1356:
Tiglao, Rigoberto, “Colossal deception : how foreigners control our telecoms sector : a case study of corruption, cronyism and regulatory capture in the Philippines”, p. 9, Strong Republic Books and The Manila Times Publishing Corp., 2016,
305:, wrote a follow-up report entitled "Wrong Number" the PLDT Telephone Monopoly." The report revealed PLDT's questionable management practices as well as how the Cojuangco family controlled the company, despite owning only 1.6% of the total stock.
337:(SingTel). Globe was the first foreign company to be granted entry into the Philippine's liberalized market. In 1994, Globe launched its digital cellular services, pioneering the use of Global System for Mobile Communications Technology (
2697:
1038:
the presence of a third player. The dismay in the Internet and Communications Technology (ICT) of the Philippines can be seen simply through their pricing points and comparing that to the neighboring countries in South East Asia.
587:
It is expected that for the next five years to 2023, the growth of mobile subscribers will be low due to a highly mature and highly competitive market. There will be a movement from 4G to 5G services for faster browsing.
570:
Mobile Numbers are coded base on network providers ranging from 0813 to 0999, and international code for Philippines replace the zero to make an international call to the Philippines that would make it +63813 to +63999.
1689:
1446:
356:(Smart) was the first company to enter the liberalised market. In September 1999, PLDT purchased Smart Communications absorbing it as a 100-percent owned subsidiary. Smart was financially supported by
580:
industry but they continue to fight for more subscribers and they are in a race to introduce new services. However, both still lost subscribers during 2017 as the market went through consolidation.
1817:
2702:
973:, An act providing for the installation, operation and maintenance of public telephones in each and every municipality in the Philippines, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.
2671:
191:
The establishment of the Public Service Commission to regulate the industry as well as other utilities, meanwhile the Bureau of Posts was created to operate telegraph services nationwide.
769:. Despite most Filipinos wanting to be connected, the Akamai Q3 2016 report states that the Philippines ironically has the second slowest fixed line broadband Internet speed in the world.
1332:"Creating a Special Committee to Determine the Terms and Conditions for the Merger of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) and the Republic Telephone Company (Retelco)"
2238:
2049:
1115:
Apart from that, telecommunications is used in the Philippine establishments. According to the 2015 Survey on Information and Communication Technology, 61.9% of establishments have
646:
2656:
4095:
313:
channeled to serve less profitable areas. Companies were allocated both profitable and unprofitable areas to ensure operational viability and the provision of rural telephony.
227:
Capitol Wireless Inc (Capwire), established in 1962, which is owned by the Santiago family which is also the group which owned Retelco, then-second largest telephone company.
1793:
1469:
165:
in 1894. Jose de Olagier y Feliu requested permission from the Spanish Officials in the Philippines in 1892 to operate a telephone network covering the Spanish Cities of
2222:
1438:
2027:
1097:
with their relatives abroad. 90% of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) belong to social media networking sites such as Facebook wherein they. Some people use e-mail or
1182:
1415:
765:
From being the "texting capital of the world," the Philippines has one of the heaviest social media usage globally. The average Filipino spends around 4 hours on
988:
2200:
727:
41:
2042:
1943:
720:
3870:
3078:
397:. As the third player, it began its commercial operations on March 8, 2021. As of February 2023, Dito's total mobile subscriber base reached 13.1 million.
1821:
3898:
1794:"Global Average Connection Speed Increases 15 Percent Year over Year, According to Akamai's 'First Quarter, 2017 State of the Internet Report' | Akamai"
1579:
1502:
2707:
88:
5124:
2035:
60:
4989:
4678:
4449:
3981:
2215:
224:(GMCR) was established in 1928 which is owned by the Ayala family, which is one of the oldest and most established elite families in the country.
1382:
5210:
4767:
4755:
4173:
4121:
2621:
4512:
4320:
4126:
67:
600:. A “5G technolab” is currently in the works in PLDT. Meanwhile, Globe Telecom announced its plans to release 5G within the middle of 2019.
4517:
4211:
3786:
3758:
3753:
2778:
2666:
734:
270:
met with objection by the owners of Retelco, but the merger was continued because Marcos threatened to withdraw the companies' franchises.
5009:
4582:
4475:
4439:
2065:
150:
Two private companies offered telecom services namely Eastern Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company which is a subsidiary of
1527:
4555:
4417:
4315:
4310:
4295:
4290:
3933:
2208:
2057:
1944:"2015 Survey on Information and Communication Technology – Information Economy – Preliminary Results | Philippine Statistics Authority"
980:, An act to promote and govern the development of Philippine telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services.
185:
74:
1730:
1658:
4723:
4422:
4282:
4008:
666:
4550:
4147:
3863:
966:, An act providing for the regulation of radio stations and radio communications in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes.
266:. These loans assisted PLDT's dominance, and PLDT became the single largest private recipient of foreign loans to the Philippines.
56:
4999:
4840:
4429:
3991:
2646:
2456:
2230:
1479:
4673:
4380:
4302:
3976:
3780:
2327:
2148:
1894:
1187:
1713:
5004:
4862:
4353:
3986:
3775:
3765:
3745:
3547:
2661:
1677:
1637:
1608:
1362:
180:
The Philippine Islands Telephone and Telegraph Company is American-owned which started operations in 1905 in the present-day
5061:
5044:
4896:
4879:
4743:
4490:
4412:
4259:
4023:
2373:
1553:
1192:
524:
390:
188:(PLDT). In 1932, the colonial Philippine congress granted PLDT a 50-year franchise to operate a national telephone system.
2912:
796:
154:. The Spanish authorizes Eastern Extension to construct and operate the first submarine cable linking the Philippines and
5076:
4833:
4786:
4599:
4543:
4254:
4249:
4168:
3856:
3837:
3770:
3616:
1405:
5039:
4884:
4400:
4163:
3542:
2616:
2581:
2536:
1967:
412:
will begin its commercial operations by 2024. The NTC renewed its permit to operate as one of the four mobile players.
341:). In fact, Globe popularized the short messaging service (SMS) through adding it for free with their basic services.
4845:
4762:
4434:
4390:
4368:
4111:
3636:
2506:
2501:
2396:
1868:
1287:
1243:
107:
4857:
4850:
4708:
4703:
4594:
4407:
4395:
4204:
4075:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
3421:
2969:
2771:
2626:
2601:
2516:
2496:
2446:
2416:
2406:
1304:
81:
5165:
5094:
4969:
4921:
4818:
4713:
4611:
4495:
4480:
4348:
3928:
3532:
2712:
2591:
2586:
2466:
2277:
775:
average fixed broadband and mobile speeds as of June 2018 sits at 17.9 Mbps and 13.7 Mbps respectively.
4891:
4693:
4668:
4500:
4269:
4244:
3971:
3527:
2606:
2561:
2541:
2531:
2431:
1336:
1331:
1309:
800:
45:
3950:
1217:
5114:
5019:
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4385:
4277:
4018:
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2526:
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2401:
1919:
1587:
698:
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4828:
4772:
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4336:
3913:
3903:
3827:
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3028:
2823:
2795:
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2421:
631:
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4178:
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3998:
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2717:
2636:
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302:
218:(ETPI) in 1974. Eventually, they restructured its ownership, with 60% now owned by Filipino businessmen.
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4961:
4916:
4823:
4750:
4656:
4560:
4538:
4363:
4358:
4229:
4116:
3879:
3676:
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2521:
2476:
2471:
1842:
553:
435:
5056:
4979:
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4698:
4683:
4577:
4090:
4059:
3448:
3409:
3254:
3154:
3083:
3016:
2843:
1374:
1101:, but the preferred method is still the phone. The use of a mobile phone for offers the cheapest way
5034:
5024:
4994:
4946:
4911:
4813:
3807:
3049:
2984:
2937:
2897:
2388:
2366:
2113:
1102:
680:
534:
234:, he gave Philcom exclusive rights to handle calls to Japan, Australia, Korea, Guam, and Thailand.
5099:
4974:
4631:
3646:
3631:
3475:
3426:
3349:
3249:
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2813:
2808:
244:
inter-provincial and overseas calls, in which PLDT used this interconnection to their advantage.
151:
34:
5129:
4638:
4507:
3568:
3354:
3169:
3114:
3109:
2922:
2887:
2293:
2163:
2123:
1994:
1048:
882:
832:
387:
215:
991:(DICT), defining its powers and functions appropriating funds thereof, and for other purposes.
5014:
3470:
3274:
3239:
3159:
3139:
3061:
2949:
2870:
2288:
2086:
1139:
837:
623:
184:. In 1928, merged with Cebu, Panay, and Negros Telephone and Telegraph companies to form the
123:
are well-developed due to the presence of modern infrastructure facilities. The industry was
2803:
619:, where teenagers and young mobile professionals have developed their own language in text.
5189:
5029:
4616:
4604:
3384:
3344:
3314:
3071:
3006:
2828:
2267:
2153:
1197:
353:
8:
5139:
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3918:
3394:
3334:
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3055:
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2359:
2108:
2081:
2076:
1474:
1109:
384:
1079:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
756:
market. This is because most Filipinos use mobile phones and very few have fixed lines (
442:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
210:
There were also four major companies with license for international data communication.
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852:
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380:
368:
230:
Philippine Global Communications (Philcom) was established in 1977. During the term of
1280:
Getting a Dial Tone: Telecommunications Liberalisation in Malaysia and the Philippines
1119:(LAN). 13.7% of establishments utilize the internet for their business. This includes
5119:
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1358:
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1098:
330:
174:
170:
3329:
1731:"Philippines – Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband – Statistics and Analyses – BuddeComm"
371:(Dito), formerly known as Mindanao Islamic Telephone Company, Inc. (Mislatel), is a
5089:
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3666:
3626:
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3573:
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231:
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3149:
2917:
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2880:
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409:
298:
1123:. 17.6% of establishments conduct business transactions using the mobile phone.
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3364:
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3269:
3144:
2979:
2932:
2907:
2865:
2309:
1410:
1131:
995:
779:
634:
279:
1105:(OFW) to send money or remittances to their families back in the Philippines.
647:
List of mobile network operators of the Asia Pacific region § Philippines
5204:
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847:
511:
Globe Telecom is now challenging PLDT in both the fixed and wireless markets.
482:
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357:
326:
221:
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2118:
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908:
766:
616:
478:
181:
124:
1439:"DITO now available in Visayas, Mindanao; will be in NCR 'in a few weeks'"
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3224:
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2745:
2262:
2233:
2138:
2060:
877:
612:
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However, the fixed line market in the Philippines remains underdeveloped.
405:
199:
Initially, PLDT was managed by Americans, including the American company
166:
162:
128:
1995:"SBA Communications to Build 1,470 Towers in the Philippines for $ 205m"
1659:"Philippines – Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband – Statistics and Analyses"
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2994:
2964:
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2335:
2182:
1120:
1073:
Parts of this article (those related to 2012 and 2015 data) need to be
1005:
887:
372:
263:
1869:"Telstra not interested in bidding for 3rd telco slot | BusinessWorld"
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474:
1769:"5 Best Internet Service Providers (and Plans) in the Philippines"
1768:
1503:"NTC renews permit of NOW Telecom as one of four mobile providers"
301:, who wrote about the illegitimate activities of the Marcoses and
3699:
3684:
2902:
2172:
1818:"PH takes top spot as heaviest internet users worldwide — report"
1044:
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334:
1968:"A Short Guide to the Philippines' Evolving Common Tower Policy"
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Iloilo, the Most Noble City: History and Development 1566-1898
1218:"Deregulation And its Effects On PLDT's Financial Performance"
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1714:"People Power II in the Philippines: The First E-Revolution?"
1009:
862:
502:
996:
Telecommunications regulatory environment in the Philippines
923:
780:
List of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in the Philippines
752:
In the Philippines, there is barely any growth in the fixed
3656:
2143:
1330:
Executive Order No. 632, s. 1980 (November 20, 1980),
1303:
Presidential Decree No. 217, s. 1973 (June 16, 1973),
913:
842:
490:
383:(through its subsidiary Dito CME Holdings Corporation) and
1554:"2023 Complete List of Philippine Mobile Network Prefixes"
1183:
2018 Philippine third telecommunications provider bidding
1043:
In 2016, an Australian telecommunications company called
948:
827:
608:
338:
200:
2022:
1920:"Growing Internet use in PH good for education – study"
1609:"List of Globe and TM prefixes in the Philippines 🇵đź‡"
989:
Department of Information and Communications Technology
597:
593:
473:
9 international gateways; satellite earth stations – 3
728:
List of digital television stations in the Philippines
248:
Eventually, by 1991, PLDT had 94% of the total lines.
214:
Eastern Extension, a franchise was transferred to the
1572:
1108:
Furthermore, in a study done in 2015 by the US-based
898:
872:
721:
List of analog television stations in the Philippines
262:
PLDT also had access to international loans from the
1895:"OFWs use Internet, not landlines, to keep in touch"
1337:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1310:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1056:
Importance of telecommunications to the Philippines
857:
665:For list of radio stations in the Philippines, see
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1546:
1528:"NTC: No more SIM registration deadline extension"
726:For the list of digital television stations, see
584:and expand in the Philippines as a conglomerate.
438:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
216:Eastern Telecommunication Philippine Incorporated
5202:
719:For the list of analog television stations, see
630:revolt in 2001 that overthrew the government of
733:For list related to Philippine television, see
194:
3878:
2381:
1601:
645:For the list of mobile network operators, see
4205:
3864:
2772:
2367:
2216:
2043:
1470:"DICT: SIM card registration hits 30 million"
1406:"DITO all set for month-long technical audit"
316:
1367:
957:Government laws affecting telecommunications
735:Category:Philippine television-related lists
273:
3787:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1580:"Philippine Cell Phone Prefix Access Codes"
641:Mobile network operators in the Philippines
251:
4212:
4198:
3871:
3857:
3823:
2779:
2765:
2374:
2360:
2223:
2209:
2050:
2036:
1690:"The Philippine text messaging phenomenon"
622:Civilian logistical communication through
201:General Telephone and Electric Corporation
186:Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
4526:
1403:
1375:"DITO CME Approves UDENNA CME Share Swap"
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1233:
667:List of radio stations in the Philippines
132:fixed-line, Internet and other services.
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
4219:
1917:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1500:
1467:
1404:Marasigan, Lorenz S. (January 8, 2021).
1282:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
1157:EdgePoint Infrastructure (DigitalBridge)
1130:
1126:
533:
222:Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation
2193:Joint venture • Defunct
2066:Philippine telecommunications companies
1992:
1468:Mercurio, Richmond (February 9, 2023).
1277:
565:
348:
161:A telephone network was established in
57:"Telecommunications in the Philippines"
5203:
2786:
2023:National Telecommunications Commission
1252:
1188:National Telecommunications Commission
5211:Telecommunications in the Philippines
4193:
3852:
2760:
2355:
2204:
2031:
1866:
1642:
1436:
1418:from the original on January 13, 2021
363:
121:Telecommunications in the Philippines
3833:
1501:Amojelar, Darwin (October 9, 2023).
1238:. Quezon City: New Day. p. 67.
1193:Open Access in Data Transmission Act
1059:
783:
525:Telephone numbers in the Philippines
419:
415:
391:China Telecommunications Corporation
335:Singapore Telecommunications Limited
329:(Globe) was a joint venture between
238:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
4040:North Luzon Agribusiness Quadrangle
663:AM 369, FM 583, shortwave 5 (2003)
13:
1918:Geronimo, Jee Y. (21 March 2015).
1755:"The State of PH Telecoms Service"
1449:from the original on March 8, 2021
1385:from the original on June 26, 2021
145:
14:
5222:
2239:Philippine mobile phone operators
2016:
1430:
1234:Hernandez, Policarpio F. (2006).
291:
5185:
5184:
5173:
4174:Department of Trade and Industry
3955:
3949:
3943:
3832:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3801:
3422:Free-space optical communication
2740:
2731:
2730:
2232:
2059:
1064:
787:
611:services are very common in the
574:
424:
321:
22:
1986:
1960:
1936:
1911:
1887:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1786:
1761:
1747:
1723:
1706:
1682:
1665:
1625:
1520:
1494:
1461:
1437:Fenol, Jessica (8 March 2021).
33:needs additional citations for
2698:British Indian Ocean Territory
1397:
1350:
1323:
1296:
1227:
1210:
465:Telephones – main lines in use
400:
1:
1993:Simmons, Adam (May 2, 2022).
1203:
1166:PhilTower (Macquarie Capital)
699:Television in the Philippines
692:
626:was an important part of the
518:
459:
140:
4679:Business process outsourcing
3808:Telecommunication portal
3589:Telecommunications equipment
195:Post-independence, 1946–1969
152:Britain's Cable and Wireless
7:
4179:Action For Economic Reforms
3929:Financial crisis of 2007–08
3909:1997 Asian financial crisis
3325:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1867:Charm, Neil (27 May 2018).
1176:
914:Horizon Gateway Corporation
747:Internet in the Philippines
740:
10:
5227:
4148:Bureau of Internal Revenue
4050:Central Philippines Region
3880:Economy of the Philippines
3029:Telecommunications history
2382:Telecommunications in Asia
1843:"Developing communication"
1278:Salazar, Lorraine (2007).
744:
732:
725:
718:
696:
678:
664:
644:
522:
317:Prominent Industry Players
135:
5156:
5075:
4960:
4794:
4785:
4664:
4655:
4471:
4462:
4344:
4335:
4268:
4237:
4228:
4156:
4135:
4104:
4068:
4045:Metro Luzon Urban Beltway
4032:
3964:
3940:
3886:
3796:
3738:
3675:
3637:Public Switched Telephone
3597:
3561:
3518:
3459:
3449:telecommunication circuit
3410:Fiber-optic communication
3393:
3155:Francis Blake (telephone)
3102:
2950:Optical telecommunication
2794:
2726:
2685:
2645:
2387:
2302:
2276:
2245:
2191:
2072:
1103:overseas Filipino workers
674:
529:
286:
274:Developments under Aquino
4583:House of Representatives
4476:Administrative divisions
4105:Trade and Infrastructure
3904:Laurel–Langley Agreement
3548:Orbital angular-momentum
2985:Satellite communications
2824:Communications satellite
2447:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
712:233 + 1373 CATV networks
681:Radio in the Philippines
658:Radio broadcast stations
652:
252:Martial law developments
3427:Molecular communication
3250:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3079:Undersea telegraph line
2814:Cable protection system
2708:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
890:(formerly Planet Cable)
485:); submarine cables to
127:in 1995 when President
5180:Philippines portal
4724:Science and technology
3569:Communication protocol
3355:Charles Sumner Tainter
3170:Walter Houser Brattain
3115:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2923:Information revolution
1142:
1049:San Miguel Corporation
1047:was having talks with
987:, An act creating the
985:Republic Act No. 10844
883:Eastern Communications
833:Converge ICT Solutions
603:
549:
393:, a parent company of
5135:Sport and martial art
4551:Executive departments
4169:Department of Finance
4055:Mindanao Super Region
3965:Industry and Business
3543:Polarization-division
3275:Narinder Singh Kapany
3240:Erna Schneider Hoover
3160:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3140:Alexander Graham Bell
2871:online video platform
1169:Pinnacle Towers (KKR)
1160:edotco Group (Axiata)
1140:Santo Tomas, Batangas
1134:
1127:Telco tower operators
978:Republic Act No. 7925
971:Republic Act No. 6849
964:Republic Act No. 3846
838:Sky Cable Corporation
537:
470:6.782 million (2011)
375:of Davao businessman
5000:Fashion and clothing
4841:Environmental issues
4768:Water and sanitation
4605:Regional Trial Court
4450:World Heritage Sites
4164:Department of Energy
3982:Business outsourcing
3385:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3345:Almon Brown Strowger
3315:Charles Grafton Page
2970:Prepaid mobile phone
2898:Electrical telegraph
2622:United Arab Emirates
2178:Starlink Philippines
1381:. November 9, 2020.
1198:SIM Registration Act
801:adding missing items
566:Mobile prefixes used
561:105.9 million (2023)
354:Smart Communications
349:Smart Communications
42:improve this article
4990:Cultural properties
4756:Tourist attractions
4303:Japanese occupation
3919:Tiger Cub Economies
3335:Johann Philipp Reis
3094:Wireless revolution
3056:The Telephone Cases
2913:Hydraulic telegraph
2649:limited recognition
2082:ABS-CBN Convergence
2077:ABS-CBN Corporation
1532:The Philippine Star
1482:on February 8, 2023
1475:The Philippine Star
1110:Pew Research Center
969:December 21, 1989:
687:11.5 million (1997)
556:in use (registered)
5005:Historical markers
4863:Indigenous peoples
4739:Telecommunications
4513:Political families
4354:Biosphere reserves
4014:Telecommunications
3894:Monetary evolution
3533:Frequency-division
3510:Telephone exchange
3380:Charles Wheatstone
3310:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3285:Innocenzo Manzetti
3220:Reginald Fessenden
2955:Optical telegraphy
2788:Telecommunications
1172:SBA Communications
1143:
1117:local area network
943:(Top level domain)
873:DCTV Cable Network
853:Dito Telecommunity
799:; you can help by
707:3.7 billion (2018)
550:
540:DITO Telecommunity
381:Udenna Corporation
369:Dito Telecommunity
364:Dito Telecommunity
173:, and the town of
5198:
5197:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5062:Traditional games
4897:Income inequality
4880:Human trafficking
4781:
4780:
4744:Telephone numbers
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4518:Political parties
4491:Foreign relations
4458:
4457:
4331:
4330:
4316:Marcos presidency
4307:Postcolonial era
4187:
4186:
3846:
3845:
3584:Store and forward
3579:Data transmission
3493:Network switching
3444:Transmission line
3290:Guglielmo Marconi
3255:Internet pioneers
3120:Mohamed M. Atalla
3089:Whistled language
2754:
2753:
2691:other territories
2349:
2348:
2303:Defunct operators
2278:Virtual operators
2198:
2197:
1678:978-971-945-353-6
1638:978-971-945-353-6
1560:. January 1, 2023
1363:978-971-945-353-6
1099:instant messaging
1094:
1093:
962:August 10, 1963:
937:76 million (2018)
919:Kabayan Broadband
817:
816:
457:
456:
416:Facts and figures
331:Ayala Corporation
239:Paptelco vs. PLDT
118:
117:
110:
92:
5218:
5188:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5176:
4958:
4957:
4912:Overseas workers
4834:Higher education
4792:
4791:
4662:
4661:
4600:Court of Appeals
4556:Executive office
4524:
4523:
4469:
4468:
4342:
4341:
4283:Pre-colonial era
4235:
4234:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4033:Economic Regions
3959:
3953:
3947:
3934:Largest projects
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3836:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3677:Notable networks
3667:Wireless network
3607:Cellular network
3599:Types of network
3574:Computer network
3461:Network topology
3375:Thomas A. Watson
3230:Oliver Heaviside
3215:Philo Farnsworth
3190:Daniel Davis Jr.
3165:Charles Bourseul
3125:John Logie Baird
2834:Data compression
2829:Computer network
2781:
2774:
2767:
2758:
2757:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2703:Christmas Island
2389:Sovereign states
2376:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2246:Mobile operators
2237:
2236:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1820:. Archived from
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1735:www.budde.com.au
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1586:. Archived from
1584:Filipination.com
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1478:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1275:
1250:
1249:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1060:
904:Parasat Cable TV
812:
809:
791:
790:
784:
452:
449:
443:
436:factual accuracy
428:
427:
420:
257:Ferdinand Marcos
232:Ferdinand Marcos
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5174:
5172:
5144:
5071:
5040:Public holidays
4956:
4885:Sex trafficking
4777:
4643:
4561:Law enforcement
4522:
4454:
4418:Protected areas
4327:
4296:American period
4264:
4224:
4218:
4188:
4183:
4152:
4131:
4100:
4086:Philippine peso
4064:
4028:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3882:
3877:
3847:
3842:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3734:
3671:
3593:
3557:
3514:
3463:
3455:
3396:
3389:
3295:Robert Metcalfe
3150:Tim Berners-Lee
3098:
2918:Information Age
2790:
2785:
2755:
2750:
2722:
2690:
2681:
2662:Northern Cyprus
2648:
2641:
2383:
2380:
2350:
2345:
2298:
2272:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1974:. March 6, 2023
1966:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1534:. July 25, 2023
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1507:Manila Standard
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1276:
1253:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1179:
1129:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1058:
998:
976:March 1, 1995:
959:
820:As of June 2021
813:
807:
804:
788:
782:
749:
743:
738:
731:
724:
701:
695:
683:
677:
670:
655:
650:
643:
606:
577:
568:
532:
527:
521:
462:
453:
447:
444:
441:
433:This section's
429:
425:
418:
410:Now Corporation
403:
366:
351:
324:
319:
299:Ricardo Manapat
294:
289:
276:
254:
241:
197:
148:
146:Colonial period
143:
138:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
5224:
5214:
5213:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5182:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4846:Climate change
4838:
4837:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4763:Transportation
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4736:
4731:
4729:Stock exchange
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4532:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:National parks
4415:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4391:Extreme points
4388:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4369:Climate change
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4321:Fifth Republic
4318:
4313:
4311:Third Republic
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4291:Spanish period
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223: articles
4217:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:Transportation
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4091:Stock Exchange
4088:
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4060:Cyber Corridor
4057:
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3365:Camille Tissot
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3340:Claude Shannon
3337:
3332:
3330:Tivadar Puskás
3327:
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3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:Antonio Meucci
3297:
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3287:
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3270:Charles K. Kao
3267:
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3084:Videotelephony
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2319:Cherry Prepaid
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2310:ABS-CBN Mobile
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2018:
2017:External links
2015:
2012:
2011:
1985:
1972:Journal Online
1959:
1948:www.psa.gov.ph
1935:
1910:
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1859:
1834:
1809:
1798:www.akamai.com
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983:May 23, 2016:
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828:InfiniVAN Inc.
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745:Main article:
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635:Joseph Estrada
617:Generation Txt
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523:Main article:
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292:Liberalization
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280:Corazon Aquino
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5130:Sign language
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4858:Ethnic groups
4856:
4852:
4851:Deforestation
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4709:National debt
4707:
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4704:Fiscal policy
4702:
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4697:
4695:
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4595:Supreme Court
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4396:Island groups
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4287:Colonial era
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4097:
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4079:
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4076:Fiscal policy
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3990:
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3924:Asian Century
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3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3553:Code-division
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:Time-division
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:and switching
3462:
3458:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3415:optical fiber
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Coaxial cable
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:Radia Perlman
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
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3278:
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3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:Lee de Forest
3208:
3206:
3205:Thomas Edison
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Donald Davies
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Claude Chappe
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
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3141:
3138:
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3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
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3105:
3101:
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3087:
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3068:
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3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Smoke signals
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:Semiconductor
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
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2899:
2896:
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2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2861:Digital media
2859:
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2830:
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59: –
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53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
5166:Bibliography
5095:Coat of arms
5067:Value system
4970:Architecture
4922:Prostitution
4819:Demographics
4738:
4689:Central bank
4632:Marine Corps
4612:Armed Forces
4496:Human rights
4481:Constitution
4430:Ramsar sites
4157:Institutions
4096:Billionaires
4081:Central Bank
4013:
3992:Power plants
3520:Multiplexing
3395:Transmission
3360:Nikola Tesla
3350:Henry Sutton
3305:Samuel Morse
3235:Robert Hooke
3200:Amos Dolbear
3135:John Bardeen
3054:
3034:Telautograph
2938:Mobile phone
2893:Edholm's law
2876:social media
2809:Broadcasting
2687:Dependencies
2617:Turkmenistan
2582:Saudi Arabia
2566:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1971:
1962:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1913:
1902:. Retrieved
1899:ABS-CBN News
1898:
1889:
1878:. Retrieved
1872:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1849:. 2016-04-09
1846:
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1812:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1775:. 2018-07-12
1772:
1763:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1694:philstar.com
1693:
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1667:
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1583:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1486:February 25,
1484:. Retrieved
1480:the original
1473:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1443:ABS-CBN News
1442:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1379:Udenna Group
1378:
1369:
1352:
1341:, retrieved
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941:Country code
909:Asian Vision
819:
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805:
767:social media
711:
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479:Indian Ocean
448:October 2023
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182:Metro Manila
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52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
4892:Immigration
4694:Child labor
4669:Agriculture
4639:Coast Guard
4573:Legislative
4508:Legal codes
4381:Earthquakes
4245:Archaeology
4221:Philippines
3972:Agriculture
3899:Martial Law
3720:NPL network
3432:Radio waves
3370:Alfred Vail
3280:Hedy Lamarr
3265:Dawon Kahng
3225:Elisha Gray
3185:Yogen Dalal
3110:Nasir Ahmed
3044:Teleprinter
2908:Heliographs
2746:Asia portal
2647:States with
2567:Philippines
2507:South Korea
2502:North Korea
2397:Afghanistan
2332:Next Mobile
1422:February 4,
1146:providers.
894:Royal Cable
878:Now Telecom
613:Philippines
408:, owned by
406:Now Telecom
401:Now Telecom
388:state-owned
163:Iloilo City
129:Fidel Ramos
125:deregulated
5115:Great Seal
5052:Psychology
5015:Literature
5010:Inventions
4809:Corruption
4804:Censorship
4674:Automotive
4535:Executive
4528:Government
4386:Ecoregions
4278:Prehistory
4270:Chronology
4143:Tax System
4122:Waterworks
4019:Television
3977:Automotive
3766:Antarctica
3725:Toasternet
3647:Television
3130:Paul Baran
3062:Television
3046:(teletype)
3039:Telegraphy
3017:transistor
2995:Phryctoria
2965:Photophone
2943:Smartphone
2933:Mass media
2627:Uzbekistan
2602:Tajikistan
2517:Kyrgyzstan
2497:Kazakhstan
2417:Bangladesh
2407:Azerbaijan
2336:Red Mobile
2183:Streamtech
2135:Integranet
2004:October 9,
1978:October 9,
1953:2019-08-16
1929:2019-08-16
1904:2019-08-16
1880:2019-08-16
1853:2019-08-16
1847:The GUIDON
1828:2020-04-12
1803:2019-08-16
1779:2019-08-16
1740:2019-08-16
1699:2019-08-16
1618:2021-10-31
1613:Aide Libon
1594:2019-02-15
1512:October 9,
1204:References
1163:IHS Towers
1138:towers in
1121:e-commerce
1085:April 2020
1006:Bangladesh
888:Streamtech
808:April 2024
797:incomplete
693:Television
519:Area codes
460:Telephones
373:consortium
264:World Bank
141:Pre-reform
98:April 2019
68:newspapers
5045:Festivals
5030:Mythology
4942:Squatting
4937:Sexuality
4907:Languages
4829:Education
4773:ZIP codes
4617:Air Force
4566:President
4486:Elections
4440:Volcanoes
4413:Mountains
4337:Geography
4260:Political
4238:Overviews
4024:Companies
3750:Americas
3739:Locations
3710:Internet2
3471:Bandwidth
3175:Vint Cerf
3072:streaming
3050:Telephone
2990:Semaphore
2881:streaming
2713:Hong Kong
2667:Palestine
2592:Sri Lanka
2587:Singapore
2467:Indonesia
2132:Infinivan
1558:Prefix PH
1136:Cell site
1018:Sri Lanka
1014:Indonesia
1002:LIRNEasia
924:Red Fiber
758:landlines
754:broadband
632:President
545:tower in
543:cell site
495:Singapore
487:Hong Kong
377:Dennis Uy
205:Cojuangco
156:Hong Kong
5205:Category
5190:Category
5120:Language
4932:Religion
4927:Refugees
4870:Genetics
4799:Abortion
4734:Taxation
4590:Judicial
4464:Politics
4445:Wildlife
4374:Typhoons
4255:Military
4136:Taxation
4127:Shipping
4004:Internet
3999:Gambling
3818:Category
3705:Internet
3695:CYCLADES
3612:Ethernet
3562:Concepts
3486:terminal
3437:wireless
3260:Bob Kahn
3103:Pioneers
2928:Internet
2819:Cable TV
2736:Category
2657:Abkhazia
2607:Thailand
2562:Pakistan
2542:Mongolia
2537:Maldives
2532:Malaysia
2432:Cambodia
2323:Extelcom
2173:PT&T
2114:BayanTel
2094:Converge
1538:July 27,
1447:Archived
1416:Archived
1389:June 26,
1383:Archived
1343:June 21,
1316:June 21,
1177:See also
1030:Thailand
1026:Pakistan
1022:Maldives
868:PT&T
741:Internet
547:Bukidnon
475:Intelsat
5161:Outline
5077:Symbols
4985:Cuisine
4962:Culture
4917:Poverty
4902:Kinship
4824:Divorce
4787:Society
4751:Tourism
4657:Economy
4539:Cabinet
4401:islands
4364:Climate
4359:Borders
4250:Economy
4230:History
4117:Tourism
4069:Finance
3887:History
3838:Commons
3828:Outline
3781:Oceania
3700:FidoNet
3685:ARPANET
3498:circuit
3067:digital
2796:History
2632:Vietnam
2547:Myanmar
2527:Lebanon
2457:Georgia
2412:Bahrain
2402:Armenia
2315:BellTel
2164:Eastern
2149:Digitel
2124:Eastern
1924:Rappler
1773:Grit PH
1564:May 27,
1075:updated
1045:Telstra
628:EDSA II
385:Chinese
136:History
82:scholar
5105:Flower
5085:Anthem
5057:Sports
4980:Cinema
4875:Health
4699:Energy
4684:Census
4578:Senate
4435:Rivers
3987:Energy
3776:Europe
3746:Africa
3730:Usenet
3690:BITNET
3627:Mobile
3503:packet
3012:MOSFET
3007:device
2804:Beacon
2677:Taiwan
2612:Turkey
2577:Russia
2512:Kuwait
2492:Jordan
2482:Israel
2442:Cyprus
2427:Brunei
2422:Bhutan
2328:Piltel
1676:
1636:
1453:4 July
1361:
1286:
1242:
675:Radios
530:Mobile
501:, and
499:Taiwan
481:and 2
287:Reform
167:Iloilo
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
5125:Motto
5025:Music
5020:Media
4995:Dance
4952:Pinoy
4947:Women
4814:Crime
4714:Labor
4544:lists
4408:Lakes
4009:Radio
3759:South
3754:North
3715:JANET
3652:Telex
3642:Radio
3481:Nodes
3476:Links
3397:media
2975:Radio
2960:Pager
2888:Drums
2854:video
2849:image
2839:audio
2718:Macau
2637:Yemen
2597:Syria
2572:Qatar
2552:Nepal
2487:Japan
2462:India
2452:Egypt
2437:China
2268:Smart
2258:Globe
2154:Smart
2109:ABS-C
2104:Globe
1717:(PDF)
1221:(PDF)
1010:India
863:Net 1
653:Radio
503:Japan
89:JSTOR
75:books
5140:Tree
5100:Flag
5090:Bird
5035:Name
4975:Arts
4719:Peso
4627:Navy
4622:Army
4501:LGBT
4349:Bays
3771:Asia
3657:UUCP
3617:ISDN
2557:Oman
2522:Laos
2477:Iraq
2472:Iran
2285:GOMO
2253:Dito
2159:Vega
2144:PLDT
2119:Vega
2099:Dito
2006:2023
1980:2023
1674:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1566:2023
1540:2023
1514:2023
1488:2023
1455:2021
1424:2021
1391:2021
1359:ISBN
1345:2023
1318:2023
1284:ISBN
1240:ISBN
858:RISE
843:PLDT
554:SIMs
491:Guam
333:and
278:The
175:Molo
171:Jaro
61:news
5110:Gem
3914:NIC
3662:WAN
3632:NGN
3622:LAN
2903:Fax
2844:DCT
2689:and
2341:Sun
2294:TNT
2263:Now
2139:Now
2087:Sky
949:.ph
803:.
624:SMS
609:SMS
604:SMS
596:to
477:(1
379:'s
339:GSM
44:by
5207::
2289:TM
1997:.
1970:.
1946:.
1922:.
1897:.
1871:.
1845:.
1796:.
1771:.
1733:.
1692:.
1644:^
1611:.
1582:.
1556:.
1530:.
1505:.
1472:.
1445:.
1441:.
1414:.
1408:.
1377:.
1334:,
1307:,
1254:^
1028:,
1024:,
1020:,
1016:,
1012:,
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637:.
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594:4G
538:A
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2051:e
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2008:.
1982:.
1956:.
1932:.
1907:.
1883:.
1856:.
1831:.
1806:.
1782:.
1757:.
1743:.
1719:.
1702:.
1661:.
1621:.
1597:.
1568:.
1542:.
1516:.
1490:.
1457:.
1426:.
1393:.
1292:.
1248:.
1223:.
1087:)
1083:(
1077:.
810:)
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730:.
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669:.
649:.
450:)
446:(
440:.
111:)
105:(
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96:(
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65:·
38:.
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