Meniscus tear - Knowledge

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discharges, while males had 45.72%. Individuals between the ages of 45 and 68 had an average of 31.73% discharges followed by age group 65–84, with 28.82%. The average length of stay for a patient diagnosed with torn menisci was 2.7 days for males and 3.7 days for females. There was a report of 6,941 hospital discharges for knee repair. Individuals between age 18 and 44 were among the highest with 37.37% total of discharges, followed by the age group 45–64, with a percentage of 36.34%. Males had a slightly higher number of discharges (50.78%) than females (48.66%). The average length of stay for both male and female patients in a hospital setting was 3.1.

877: 778:(torn ACL) is coupled with a torn meniscus, then an arthroscopy is recommended. A meniscal repair has a higher success rate given an adequate blood supply to the peripheral rim. The interior of the meniscus is avascular, but the blood supply can penetrate up to about 6 millimetres (0.24 in). Therefore, meniscus tears that occur near the peripheral rim are able to heal after a meniscal repair. One study found that repair is better than removal (meniscectomy). The amount of rehabilitation time required for a repair is longer, but removing the meniscus can induce 909: 1020: 655: 485: 629: 889:

it's not unusual to take 2–3 months for the recovery to reach a level where a patient will walk totally smoothly. Many meniscectomy patients don't ever feel a 100% functional recovery, but even years after the procedure they sometimes feel tugging or tension in a part of their knee. There is little medical follow-up after meniscectomy and official medical documentation tends to ignore the imperfections and side-effects of this procedure.

36: 446: 262:(often seen in athletes) and degenerative processes, which are the most common tear seen in all ages of patients. Meniscal tears can occur in all age groups. Traumatic tears are most common in active people aged 10–45. Traumatic tears are usually radial or vertical in the meniscus and more likely to produce a moveable fragment that can catch in the knee and therefore require surgical treatment. 278:," which is seen in sports such as football when the player is hit on the outside of the knee. Individuals who experience a meniscal tear usually experience pain and swelling as their primary symptoms. Another common complaint is joint locking, or the inability to completely straighten the joint. This is due to a piece of the torn cartilage preventing the normal functioning of the knee joint. 666:. Meniscus tears are more likely to heal on their own if they are in what physicians call the "red zone," or the outer edge of the meniscus where blood supply is present. More serious tears may require surgical procedures. Surgery, however, does not appear to be better than non-surgical care. In the long term, degenerative meniscal tears are often associated with 222:, particularly along the joint line, and swelling. These are worse when the knee bears more weight (for example, when running). Another typical complaint is joint locking, when the affected person is unable to straighten the leg fully. This can be accompanied by a clicking feeling. Sometimes, a meniscal tear also causes a sensation that the knee gives way. 145: 425:(a grinding maneuver while the person lies prone and the knee is bent 90°) and the Thessaly test (flexing the affected knee to 20 degrees, pivoting on the knee to see if the pain is reproduced). Bending the knee (into hyperflexion if tolerable), and especially squatting, is typically a painful maneuver if the meniscus is torn. The 1034:, the isolated medial meniscal tear occurs more frequently than any other tear associated with the meniscus. The prevalence of meniscus tears is the same for both knees. In a few studies the having a higher BMI puts more weight on the joints, which can cause the knee to be non-aligned, resulting in an easier tear. 370:

Contraction by the popliteus during knee flexion pulls the lateral meniscus posteriorly, avoiding entrapment within the joint space. The medial meniscus does not have a direct muscular connection. The medial meniscus may shift a few millimeters, while the less stable lateral meniscus may move at least 1 cm.

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The joint capsule attaches to the entire periphery of each meniscus but adheres more firmly to the medial meniscus. An interruption in the attachment of the joint capsule to the lateral meniscus, forming the popliteal hiatus, allows the popliteus tendon to pass through to its femoral attachment site.

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If the progression criteria are met, the patient can gradually return to "high-impact" activities (like running). However, "heavier activities", like running, skiing, basketball etc., generally any activities where knees bear sudden changes of the direction of movement can lead to repeated injuries.

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If the damaged part of the meniscus was removed, patients can usually start walking using a crutch a day or two after surgery. Although each case is different, patients return to their normal activities on average after a few weeks (2 or 3). Still, a completely normal walk will resume gradually, and

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An independent international guideline panel recommended against arthroscopy for degenerative meniscus tears; this conclusion derived from evidence of no lasting benefit and that less than 15% of patients experience even a short-term benefit. Disadvantages include a two to six week recovery time and

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reconstruction, there is an increasing chance of meniscus tears. This study showed meniscus tears occurring at a rate of 50–70% depending on how long after the ACL injury the surgery occurred. Meniscal ramp lesions (tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn at the menisco-capsular junction) occur

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material, which makes it more susceptible to rate of loading injuries. Repetitive loading can also lead to injury. Recent studies have shown people who experience rapid rate of loading and/or repetitive loading to be the most susceptible to meniscus tears. People over the age of 60 who have working

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Degenerative tears are most common in people from age 40 upward but can be found at any age, especially with obesity. Degenerative meniscal tears are thought to occur as part of the aging process when the collagen fibers within the meniscus start to break down and lend less support to the structure

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Patients begin exercises in phase III 14 to 22 weeks after surgery. Phase III's goal and final criterion is to perform sport/work specific movements with no pain or swelling (Fowler, PJ and D. Pompan, 1993). Drills for maximal muscle control, strength, flexibility, movements specific to patient's

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program that follows is a lot more intensive. After the surgery, a hinged knee brace is sometimes placed on the patient. This brace allows controlled movement of the knee. The patient is encouraged to walk using crutches from the first day, and most of the times can put partial weight on the knee.

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further studied the effects of a radial cut in the peripheral rim of the menisci during loading. In joints with intact menisci, the force was applied through the menisci and articular cartilage; however, a lesion in the peripheral rim disrupted the normal mechanics of the menisci and allowed it to

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The menisci are nourished by small blood vessels but have a large area in the center with no direct blood supply (avascular). This presents a problem when there is an injury to the meniscus, as the avascular areas tend not to heal. Without the essential nutrients supplied by blood vessels, healing

950:, and cardiovascular exercises while relieving stress on the body. It has also been shown to significantly improve dependent edema and pain symptoms. No pain gait without crutches or swelling at 4–6 weeks after surgery are the criteria to begin the next phase (Ulrich G.S., and S Aroncyzk, 1993). 921:

There are three phases that follow meniscal surgery. Each phase consists of rehabilitation goals, exercises, and criteria to move on to the next phase. Phase I starts immediately following surgery to 4–6 weeks or until the patient is able meet progression criteria. The goals are to restore normal

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force encountered in sports or other forms of physical exertion. The traumatic action is most often a twisting movement at the knee while the leg is bent. In older adults, the meniscus can be damaged following prolonged 'wear and tear'. Especially acute injuries (typically in younger, more active

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reported that the collagen fibers of the menisci are oriented in a circumferential pattern. When a compressive force is applied in the knee joint, a tensile force is transmitted to the menisci. The femur attempts to spread the menisci anteroposteriorly in extension and mediolaterally in flexion.

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Improving symptoms, restoring function, and preventing further injuries are the main goals when rehabilitating. By the end of rehabilitation, normal range of motion, function of muscles and coordination of the body are restored. Personalized rehabilitation programs are designed considering the

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A person with a torn meniscus can sometimes remember a specific activity during which the injury was sustained. A tear of the meniscus commonly follows a trauma that involves rotation of the knee while it was slightly bent. These maneuvers also exacerbate the pain after the injury; for example,

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is a surgical technique in which a joint is operated on using an endoscopic camera as opposed to open surgery on the joint. The meniscus can either be repaired or completely removed. Surgery is not appropriate for a degenerative meniscus tear, absent locking or catching of the knee, recurrent

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and delays functional recovery. During the 4–6 weeks post-surgical, active and passive non-weight bearing motions which flex the knee up to 90° are recommended. For patients with meniscal transplantation, further knee flexion can damage the allograft because of the increased shear forces and

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In 2008 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported a combined total of 2,295 discharges for the principal diagnosis of tear of lateral cartilage/meniscus (836.0), tear of medial cartilage/meniscus (836.1), and tear of cartilage/meniscus (836.2). Females had a total of 53.49%

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The first to be implanted in humans is called the NUsurface Meniscus Implant. The implant is made from medical grade plastic and is designed not to require fixation to bone or soft tissue. The implant could be a good option for younger, active patients who are considered too young for knee

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is imperative when engaging in physical activity because one off-balanced step could mean a meniscus tear. It is highly advised that cleats contain a sole that molds around the foot, no fewer than fourteen cleats per shoe, no lower than a half inch diameter of the cleat tip, and at most, a

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This phase of the rehabilitation program is 6 to 14 weeks after the surgery. The goals for Phase II include being able to restore full ROM, normalized gait, and performing functional movements with control and no pain (Fowler, PJ and D. Pompan, 1993). Also, muscular strengthening and

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activities. The less conservative approach allows the patient to apply a small amount of stress while protecting range of motion. It is likely that a patient with a peripheral tear can pursue the accelerated program, while a patient with a larger tear adopts the conservative program.

1016:. It is more common in males than females, with a ratio of about two and a half males to one female. Males between the ages of 31 and 40 tend to tear their meniscus more frequently than younger men. Females seem to be more likely to tear their meniscus between the ages of 11 and 20. 332:

Tears produce rough surfaces inside the knee, which cause catching, locking, buckling, pain, or a combination of these symptoms. Abnormal loading patterns and rough surfaces inside the knee, especially when coupled with return to sports, significantly increase the risk of developing

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spread when a load was applied. The load now was distributed directly to the articular cartilage. In light of these findings, it is essential to preserve the peripheral rim during partial meniscectomy to avoid irreversible disruption of the structure's hoop tension capability.

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knee extension, reduce and eliminate swelling, regain leg control, and protect the knee (Fowler, PJ and D. Pompan, 1993). During the first 5 days following the surgery, a passive continuous motion machine is used to prevent a prolonged period of immobilization which leads to

357:. The menisci contain 70% type I collagen. The larger semilunar medial meniscus is attached more firmly than the loosely fixed, more circular lateral meniscus. The anterior and posterior horns of both menisci are secured to the tibial plateaus. Anteriorly, the transverse 711:

For patients selecting non-surgical treatment, physical therapy may reduce symptoms of pain and swelling. This type of rehabilitation focuses on maintenance of full range of motion and functional progression without aggravating symptoms. Physical therapists can employ

782:. Meniscectomy rehab requires four to six weeks. Repair requires four to six months. If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention may be required. Younger patients are typically more resilient and respond well to this treatment, while older, more 884:

After a successful surgery for treating the destroyed part of the meniscus, patients must follow a rehabilitation program to have the best result. The rehabilitation following a meniscus surgery depends on whether the entire meniscus was removed or repaired.

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Siemieniuk RA, Harris IA, Agoritsas T, Poolman RW, Brignardello-Petersen R, Van de Velde S, Buchbinder R, Englund M, Lytvyn L, Quinlan C, Helsingen L, Knutsen G, Olsen NR, Macdonald H, Hailey L, Wilson HM, Lydiatt A, Kristiansen A, et al. (May 2017).

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of the meniscus. Degenerative tears are usually horizontal, producing both an upper and a lower segment of the meniscus. These segments do not usually move out of place and are therefore less likely to produce mechanical symptoms of catching or locking.

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can perform clinical tests to determine if the pain is caused by compression and impingement of a torn meniscus. The knee is examined for swelling. In meniscal tears, pressing on the joint line on the affected side typically produces tenderness. The

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connects the 2 menisci; posteriorly, the meniscofemoral ligament helps stabilize the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the femoral condyle. The coronary ligaments connect the peripheral meniscal rim loosely to the tibia. Although the

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stresses. If any weight-bearing exercises are applied, a controlled brace should be worn on the knee to keep the knee at near (<10°) or full extension. The suggested exercises target increasing the patient's ROM, muscular and

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A meniscus can tear due to an internally or externally rotated knee in a flexed position, with the foot in a flexed position. It is not uncommon for a meniscal tear to occur along with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament

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patients) can lead to displaced tears which can cause mechanical symptoms such as clicking, catching, or locking during motion of the joint. The joint will be in pain when in use, but when there is no load, the pain goes away.

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The last major way to prevent a tear in the meniscus is learning proper technique for the movement that is taking place. For the sports involving quick powerful movements it is important to learn how to cut, turn, land from a

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Damage to the meniscus due to rotational forces directed to a flexed knee (as may occur with twisting sports) is the usual underlying mechanism of injury. A valgus force applied to a flexed knee with the foot planted and the

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and doing the quadriceps stretch will help loosen the muscles. Toe raises are used to strengthen and stretch the calves. Adequate muscle mass and strength may also aid in maintaining healthy knees. The use of the parallel

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and conform to the surfaces of the bones they rest on. One meniscus rests on the medial tibial plateau; this is the medial meniscus. The other meniscus rests on the lateral tibial plateau; this is the lateral meniscus.

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There are three major ways of preventing a meniscus tear. The first of these is wearing the correct footwear for the sport and surface that the activity is taking place on. This means that if the sport being played is

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pain is present with weightbearing, but the meniscal tear causes pain with a twisting motion of the knee as the meniscal fragment gets pinched, and the capsular attachment gets stretched causing the complaint of pain.

670:. This leads to poor outcomes regardless of treatment type. In the short term, studies have shown arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is a more effective treatment with regards to function and pain management. 3286: 3267: 1968:

Herrlin, SV; Wange, PO; Lapidus, G; Hållander, M; Werner, S; Weidenhielm, L (Feb 2013). "Is arthroscopic surgery beneficial in treating non-traumatic, degenerative medial meniscal tears? A five year follow-up".

735:) to aid in the healing process has become widely accepted among US athletes. Although the procedure has grown in popularity, studies assessing the efficacy of PRP treatment have yielded contradictory results. 1289:

Papastergiou, SG.; Koukoulias, NE.; Mikalef, P.; Ziogas, E.; Voulgaropoulos, H. (Dec 2007). "Meniscal tears in the ACL-deficient knee: correlation between meniscal tears and the timing of ACL reconstruction".

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replacement because that surgery lasts only about 10 years. The implant has been used in clinical trials in Europe since 2008. The first surgery as part of US clinical trials took place in January 2015 at

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meniscal tears. Athletes who constantly experience a high rate of loading (e.g. soccer, rugby) are also susceptible to meniscus tears. Studies have also shown with increasing time between ACL injury and

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The functional importance of these classifications, however, is to ultimately determine whether a meniscus is repairable. The repairability of a meniscus depends on a number of factors. These include:

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are all recommended exercises (Ulrich G.S., and S Aroncyzk, 1993). Exercises to increase cardiovascular fitness are also applied to fully prepare the patients to return to their desired activities.

771:. The BMJ Rapid Recommendation includes infographics and shared decision-making tools to facilitate a conversation between doctors and patients about the risks and benefits of arthroscopic surgery. 329:

rotated externally can result in a lateral meniscus tear. A varus force applied to the flexed knee when the foot is planted and the femur rotated internally result in a tear of the medial meniscus.

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People who work in physically demanding jobs such as construction or professional sports are more at risk of a meniscal tear because of the different stresses to which their knees are subjected.

646:, and stop correctly. It is important to take the time out to perfect these techniques when used. These three major techniques will significantly prevent and reduce the risk of a meniscus tear. 2394:

Hame, Sharon L.; Nguyen, Virginia; Ellerman, Jessica; Ngo, Stephanie S.; Wang, Jeffrey C.; Gamradt, Seth C. (2012-04-10). "Complications of Arthroscopic Meniscectomy in the Older Population".

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A meniscal tear can be classified in various ways, such as by anatomic location or by proximity to blood supply. Various tear patterns and configurations have been described. These include:

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allows quick diagnosis and simultaneous treatment. Recent clinical data shows that MRI and clinical testing are comparable in sensitivity and specificity when looking for a meniscal tear.

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increases much needed stability in the knee if executed properly. Execution of the parallel squat will develop the lower body muscles that will strengthen the hips, knees, and ankles.

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These tears can then be further classified by their proximity to the meniscus blood supply, namely whether they are located in the “red-red,” “red-white,” or “white-white” zones.

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Peña, E.; Calvo, B.; Martínez, MA.; Palanca, D.; Doblaré, M. (Jun 2005). "Finite element analysis of the effect of meniscal tears and meniscectomies on human knee biomechanics".

1393:"Risk Factors for Lateral Meniscus Posterior Root Tears in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured Knee: An Epidemiological Analysis of 3956 Patients From the SANTI Study Group" 963:

training are emphasized using progressive weight bearing and balance exercises. Exercises in this phase can increase knee flexion for more than 90°. Advised exercises include

3357: 2687: 842:. Two FDA-approved clinical trials evaluating the implant completed enrollment in June 2018. In September 2019, the manufacturer received breakthrough designation from the 1333:

Sonnery-Cottet, Bertrand; Praz, Cesar; Rosenstiel, Nikolaus; Blakeney, William G.; Ouanezar, Herve; Kandhari, Vikram; Vieira, Thais Dutra; Saithna, Adnan (November 2018).

3738: 460:. The menisci themselves cannot be visualised with plain radiographs. If the diagnosis is not clear from the history and examination, the menisci can be imaged with 662:

Presently, treatments make it possible for quicker recovery. If the tear is not serious, physical therapy, compression, elevation and icing the knee can heal the

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Accelerated rehabilitation programs can be as successful as the conservative program. The program reduces the time the patient spends using crutches and allows

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Common anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers prescribed for meniscus tears include acetaminophen, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids.

2347:"Adverse outcomes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy: a study of 700 000 procedures in the national Hospital Episode Statistics database for England" 1075:

Shelbourne KD, Nitz PA (1991). "The O'Donoghue triad revisited. Combined knee injuries involving anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament tears".

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Heckmann TP, Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR (2006). "Meniscal repair and transplantation: indications, techniques, rehabilitation, and clinical outcome".

182:. When doctors and patients refer to "torn cartilage" in the knee, they actually may be referring to an injury to a meniscus at the top of one of the 1606:

Torg J, Quesdenfeld T (1971). "Effect of shoe type and cleat length on incidence and severity of knee injuries among high school football players".

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are available, including arms, legs, joints and other body parts, a prosthetic meniscus replacement has yet to be commercially available worldwide.

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are regularly successful, although the procedure is not common and many questions surrounding its use remain. Side effects of meniscectomy include:

350: 1878:"Comparison of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy to Physical Therapy following Degenerative Meniscus Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" 1391:

Praz, Cesar; Vieira, Thais Dutra; Saithna, Adnan; Rosentiel, Nikolaus; Kandhari, Vikram; Nogueira, Helder; Sonnery-Cottet, Bertrand (March 2019).

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The meniscal tear is the most common knee injury. It tends to be more frequent in sports that have rough contact or pivoting sports such as

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Balance exercises on a foam surface in phase 2. The patient tries to maintain balance first with both legs, then with only the affected leg.

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Cooper's sign is present in over 92% of tears. It is a subjective symptom of pain in the affected knee when turning over in bed at night.

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When planning sport activities it makes sense to consult a physical therapist and check how much impact the sport will have on the knee.

839: 2663: 4092: 3724: 1031: 608:. Those muscles include the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles. One popular exercise used to strengthen the hamstrings is the 1942: 2911: 2838: 2439:"Combined posterior incision and arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the meniscus. An examination of factors affecting healing" 578:. Regardless of what the activity is, it is important to take the correct precautions to prevent a meniscus tear from happening. 2593: 1023:

The graph shows the percentage of meniscus injuries in various age groups. A plurality of injuries came in the 45–84 age range.

700:. Stronger and bigger muscles will protect the meniscus cartilage by absorbing a part of the weight. The patient may be given 705: 321:

The force distribution is across the knee joint, increasing force concentration on the cartilage and other joint structures.

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Fithian, DC.; Kelly, MA.; Mow, VC. (March 1990). "Material properties and structure-function relationships in the menisci".

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effusion or persistent pain. Evidence suggests that it is no better than conservative management in those with and without

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Bucket-handle tear of the lateral meniscus (red). Medial meniscus intact (green). MRI, coronal T2 *-weighted GRE sequence.

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images (normally during weightbearing) can be obtained to rule out other conditions or to see if the patient also has

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in approximately 25% of ACL-injured knees. Lateral meniscal root tears occur in approximately 7% of ACL injured knees

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Typical locations of arthroscopic surgery incisions in a knee joint following surgery for a tear in the meniscus

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Barber FA, Click SD (1997). "Meniscus repair rehabilitation with concurrent anterior cruciate reconstruction".

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Monk, P; Garfjeld Roberts, P; Palmer, AJ; Bayliss, L; Mafi, R; Beard, D; Hopewell, S; Price, A (March 2017).

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Becker, BE. (Sep 2009). "Aquatic therapy: scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications".

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The knee may be not be fully mobile; there may be the sensation of knee locking or buckling in the knee.

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Poulsen MR, Johnson DL (February 2011). "Meniscal injuries in the young, athletically active patient".

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If the injury is isolated, then the knee would be relatively stable. However, if an injury such as an

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Another treatment approach in development is a meniscus implant or "artificial meniscus." While many

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on all surfaces and single leg balance longer than 15 seconds (Ulrich G.S., and S Aroncyzk, 1993).

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patient's surgery type, location repaired (medial or lateral), simultaneous knee injuries, type of

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universities grew a meniscus inside the knee joint of a sheep using a 3-D printer and the sheep's

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Shelbourne KD, Patel DV, Adsit WS, Porter DA (1996). "Rehabilitation after meniscal repair".

835: 687: 1392: 1334: 3936: 3403: 1013: 732: 713: 588: 567: 366:(LCL) passes in close proximity, the lateral meniscus has no attachment to this structure. 93: 8: 3824: 3798: 3505: 3459: 3290: 2989:"The meniscus: review of basic principles with application to surgery and rehabilitation" 2073:

Goldblatt JP, LaFrance RM, Smith JS (2009). "Managing meniscal injuries: The treatment".

857: 794: 783: 1468: 1058: 3834: 3820: 3793: 3681: 3533: 3335: 3186: 3161: 3139: 2964: 2939: 2539: 2419: 2371: 2346: 2322: 2295: 2271: 2246: 2219: 2194: 2164: 2131: 1994: 1912: 1877: 1858: 1507: 1482: 1431: 1373: 1315: 1227: 1179: 1144: 1100: 967:, standing on foam surface with two and one leg, abdominal and back strengthening, and 964: 853: 801:

The knee loses its ability to transmit and distribute load and absorb mechanical shock.

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Matava MJ (February 2007). "Meniscal allograft transplantation: a systematic review".

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The second way to prevent a meniscus tear is to strengthen and stretch the major leg

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Friberger Pajalic, Katarina; Turkiewicz, Aleksandra; Englund, Martin (1 June 2018).

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in many sports. The menisci hold 30–50% of the body load in standing position. Some

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Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education reported growing a meniscus.

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Scientists are working to grow an artificial meniscus in the lab. Scientists from

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Head of right tibia seen from above, showing menisci and attachments of ligaments

616:; doing standing toe touches can do this. Seated leg extensions strengthen the 3963: 3850: 3619: 3586: 3441: 3426: 3408: 3127: 3091: 3074: 2955: 2015: 1161: 1088: 943: 932: 779: 748: 724: 667: 457: 433: 346: 247: 175: 3280: 3276: 3177: 2688:"Artificial Cartilage Could Protect Runners From Arthritis, Knee Replacements" 2312: 2245:

Khan, M.; Evaniew, N.; Bedi, A.; Ayeni, O. R.; Bhandari, M. (25 August 2014).

2147: 1982: 1303: 1250:"Risk factors for meniscal tears: a systematic review including meta-analysis" 4086: 3931: 3454: 3431: 2714:"Active Implants Wraps up NUsurface Trial Enrollment | Orthopedics This Week" 2639:"VENUS Clinical Trial for Persistent Knee Pain Now Underway in New York City" 2573: 2479:

Sohn DH, Toth AP (April 2008). "Meniscus transplantation: current concepts".

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Rodkey, WG. (2000). "Basic biology of the meniscus and response to injury".

1532:"Meniscectomy as a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review" 1266: 1249: 4067: 3872: 3840: 3614: 3571: 3566: 3234: 3195: 3135: 3059: 3014: 2973: 2535: 2500: 2492: 2415: 2380: 2331: 2280: 2228: 2173: 2039: 1990: 1921: 1894: 1854: 1733: 1706: 1592: 1557: 1516: 1427: 1369: 1311: 1275: 1223: 1188: 465: 421:). Similar tests are the Steinmann test (with the patient sitting) and the 295: 3100: 2811: 2462: 2116: 1771: 1665: 1627: 1498: 1096: 654: 3751: 3676: 3655: 3318: 1548: 1531: 743: 701: 473: 162: 3259: 3211:"The epidemiology of musculoskeletal tendinous and ligamentous injuries" 2262: 405:

involves pressing on the joint line while stressing the meniscus (using

3781: 3638: 3624: 3495: 3464: 3376: 1530:

Papalia, R.; Del Buono, A.; Osti, L.; Denaro, V.; Maffulli, N. (2011).

1143:

Kim, Jun-Ho; Ahn, Jin Hwan; Kim, Joo-Hwan; Wang, Joon Ho (2020-10-12).

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Exercises can strengthen the muscles around the knee, especially the

445: 397: 334: 291: 219: 186:. Menisci can be torn during innocuous activities such as walking or 2664:"Ohio State surgeon performs country's 1st meniscus implant surgery" 2014:

Jones, Brandon Q.; Covey, Carlton; Marvin Sineath, Jr (2015-11-15).

1332: 978: 35: 4001: 3808: 3772: 3385: 3209:

Clayton, Robert A. E.; Court-Brown, Charles M. (December 1, 2008).

1288: 609: 592: 358: 3746: 2293: 2054:"How To Heal A Torn Meniscus Naturally | Exercises & Remedies" 3864: 1828: 643: 605: 406: 27:

Rupturing of the fibrocartilage strips in the knee called menisci

2345:

Abram, SGF; Judge, A; Beard, DJ; Price, AJ (24 September 2018).

2191: 1145:"Discoid lateral meniscus: importance, diagnosis, and treatment" 813:

Increases progression of arthritis and time to knee replacement.

3992: 3987: 3755: 3609: 3271: 1831:"The Urgent Need for Evidence in Arthroscopic Meniscal Surgery" 575: 559: 555: 183: 2130:

Twomey-Kozak, John; Jayasuriya, Chathuraka T. (January 2020).

804:

Persistent and significant swelling and stiffness in the knee.

751:. Surgery appears to offer no benefit to adults who have mild 4027: 3951: 3891: 3860: 3767: 3418: 2912:"Lab-grown meniscus could one day prevent arthritis in knees" 2738:"NUsurface® | Meniscus Implant | Knee Pain | Active Implants" 2296:"Update on the risks of complications after knee arthroscopy" 1248:

Snoeker, BA.; Bakker, EW.; Kegel, CA.; Lucas, C. (Jun 2013).

453: 326: 239: 235: 1967: 946:, can be used to rehab patients because it encompasses ROM, 274:— these three problems occurring together are known as the " 4045: 3955: 3909: 3785: 3642: 3543: 972: 810:

The full knee may be in full motion after tear of meniscus.

759:

rare but serious adverse effects that can occur, including

3027: 1749: 1529: 1390: 144: 4023: 3887: 3487: 2788:"World's First "Artificial Meniscus" Available in Israel" 786:

patients do not have a favorable outcome after a repair.

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There are two menisci in the knee. They sit between the

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Associated injuries (anterior cruciate ligament injury)

198:

A tear of the medial meniscus can occur as part of the

2129: 2072: 1810:"What Happens If You Leave A Torn Meniscus Untreated?" 1745: 1743: 1483:"The menisci: basic science and advances in treatment" 2863:"Total Meniscus Replacement for the Knee | Orthonika" 2393: 1943:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" 912:

Day one through ten of arthroscopy surgical recovery.

472:

into the joint space. In straightforward cases, knee

218:

The common signs and symptoms of a torn meniscus are

3249: 3150: 2986: 2344: 2244: 1876:

Li, Juntan; Zhu, Wannan; Gao, Xiang; Li, Xu (2020).

971:

strengthening. The proposed criteria include normal

632:

Proper parallel squat form to improve knee stability

464:(an MRI scan). This technique has replaced previous 1740: 226:getting out of a car is often reported as painful. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3208: 3072: 2987:Brindle, T.; Nyland, J.; Johnson, DL. (Apr 2001). 258:The two most common causes of a meniscal tear are 3202: 2436: 2090: 2088: 1681:"Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise" 849:Other implants include TRAMMPOLIN and Orthonika. 4084: 3159: 2812:Orthopaedic Research Laboratory (ORL) Nijmegen. 686:drugs, or corticosteroid injections to increase 612:. It is also important to properly stretch the 303:and kneeling are common are more susceptible to 2933: 2931: 2474: 2472: 2016:"Nonsurgical Management of Knee Pain in Adults" 1643: 1639: 1637: 1605: 871: 2085: 1971:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 1955:, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine 1201: 1074: 3732: 3351: 1142: 2928: 2507: 2469: 1939:American Medical Society for Sports Medicine 1933: 1931: 1678: 1634: 1523: 1480: 1243: 1241: 992:work/sport, low to high rate exercises, and 2094: 1713: 1053: 1051: 3739: 3725: 3358: 3344: 3162:"Rehabilitation following meniscal repair" 2938:Jeong, HJ.; Lee, SH.; Ko, CS. (Sep 2012). 2937: 2839:"TRAMMPOLIN - Meniscus compleet vervangen" 2187: 2185: 2183: 1875: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1032:United States National Library of Medicine 673: 143: 3185: 3090: 3041: 3004: 2963: 2513: 2370: 2321: 2311: 2270: 2240: 2238: 2218: 2163: 1928: 1911: 1893: 1696: 1564: 1547: 1506: 1474: 1265: 1238: 1178: 1160: 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3073:Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ, Harner CD (1996). 2478: 1462: 1455:"Anatomy of Meniscus" 1994. May. 21011. 1048: 1018: 977: 907: 875: 653: 627: 483: 444: 2437:Scott GA, Jolly BL, Henning CE (1986). 2396:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2180: 1835:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1442: 1400:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1342:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 391: 14: 4085: 3113: 2235: 1719: 1117: 3720: 3339: 2836: 2619:"New hope for treating knee injuries" 2555: 2553: 213: 174:is a rupturing of one or more of the 2814:"Biostable Prosthesis of a Meniscus" 2559: 2251:Canadian Medical Association Journal 1481:Rath, E.; Richmond, JC. (Aug 2000). 1149:Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics 596:three-eighths inch of cleat length. 562:where a meniscus tear is common are 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 2075:Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine 1292:Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 345:The menisci are C-shaped wedges of 270:and the medial collateral ligament 24: 3237:– via www.injuryjournal.com. 2550: 892:If the meniscus was repaired, the 429:of the joint is often restricted. 316: 25: 4109: 4093:Dislocations, sprains and strains 3927:Anterior cruciate ligament injury 3511:Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 3245: 3160:Cavanaugh JT, Killian SE (2012). 2909: 1585:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.01.009 844:U.S. Food and Drug Administration 776:anterior cruciate ligament injury 731:The use of platelet rich plasma ( 479: 2455:10.2106/00004623-198668060-00006 1698:10.1097/00005768-200101000-00020 1658:10.1097/00003086-199003000-00004 246:, the menisci are made of tough 34: 3107: 3066: 3021: 2980: 2903: 2879: 2855: 2830: 2805: 2780: 2755: 2730: 2706: 2680: 2656: 2631: 2611: 2586: 2430: 2387: 2338: 2287: 2123: 2066: 2046: 2007: 1869: 1822: 1802: 1778: 1672: 1599: 1469:Classification of meniscal tear 1118:Themes, U. F. O. (2017-03-25). 1007: 285: 45:needs additional citations for 1620:10.1080/10671188.1971.10615058 1384: 1326: 1282: 1195: 1136: 1111: 1068: 789: 678:Initial treatment may include 506:Peripheral, longitudinal tears 202:, together with a tear of the 13: 1: 2363:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31771-9 2300:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2109:10.1016/s0749-8063(97)90120-1 1882:BioMed Research International 1764:10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30114-9 1041: 706:anti-inflammatory medications 545: 3577:Patellofemoral pain syndrome 3227:10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.021 2891:Hospital for Special Surgery 2692:U.S. News & World Report 2560:Beck, Melinda (2015-05-04). 2528:10.1097/BLO.0b013e318030c24e 1573:Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 986: 872:Post-surgical rehabilitation 864:. Similarly, researchers at 649: 636: 599: 440: 386: 7: 953: 817: 690:, endurance, and strength. 581: 515:Complex, degenerative tears 468:, which involved injecting 364:lateral collateral ligament 190:. They can also be torn by 10: 4114: 3166:Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 3128:10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.05.017 3092:10.2519/jospt.1996.24.2.98 2956:10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.3.129 2887:"New Fixes for Worn Knees" 2562:"New Fixes for Worn Knees" 2136:Clinics in Sports Medicine 1162:10.1186/s40634-020-00294-y 1089:10.1177/036354659101900509 916: 738: 462:magnetic resonance imaging 340: 208:medial collateral ligament 204:anterior cruciate ligament 178:strips in the knee called 4044: 4022: 4000: 3986: 3950: 3908: 3886: 3859: 3807: 3780: 3766: 3664: 3637: 3585: 3542: 3519: 3486: 3477: 3440: 3417: 3384: 3375: 3309: 3253: 3178:10.1007/s12178-011-9110-y 3079:J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 3030:J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2818:orthopaedicresearchlab.nl 2313:10.1186/s12891-018-2102-y 2148:10.1016/j.csm.2019.08.003 2020:American Family Physician 1983:10.1007/s00167-012-1960-3 1304:10.1007/s00167-007-0414-9 1254:J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 512:Horizontal cleavage tears 396:After noting symptoms, a 229: 156: 151: 142: 137: 2916:sandiegouniontribune.com 2516:Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res 2408:10.1177/0363546512443043 1847:10.1177/0363546516650180 1412:10.1177/0363546518818820 1354:10.1177/0363546518800717 1216:10.3810/psm.2011.02.1870 765:surgical site infections 337:if not already present. 290:The meniscus is made of 4063:Achilles tendon rupture 4058:Patellar tendon rupture 3552:Chondromalacia patellae 3052:10.2519/jospt.2006.2177 1950:: an initiative of the 1790:wa.kaiserpermanente.org 1267:10.2519/jospt.2013.4295 998:strengthening exercises 761:blood clots in the legs 674:Conservative treatments 658:Tear of medial meniscus 488:Types of meniscus tears 3529:Angular limb deformity 2493:10.1055/s-0030-1247813 1024: 983: 913: 881: 659: 633: 535:Chronicity of the tear 489: 450: 3450:Boutonniere deformity 1679:Escamilla RF (2001). 1646:Clin Orthop Relat Res 1499:10.1136/bjsm.34.4.252 1022: 981: 911: 879: 840:Wexner Medical Center 836:Ohio State University 657: 631: 487: 448: 3937:Patellar dislocation 3686:Abnormal angulation 3610:Bunion/hallux valgus 3404:Subacromial bursitis 2792:www.businesswire.com 2767:www.businesswire.com 2643:www.businesswire.com 2443:J Bone Joint Surg Am 2357:(10160): 2194–2202. 1895:10.1155/2020/1709415 1685:Med Sci Sports Exerc 795:Meniscus transplants 716:, cold therapy, and 714:electric stimulation 589:association football 568:association football 392:Physical examination 349:located between the 299:conditions in which 54:improve this article 3825:Dislocated shoulder 3506:Protrusio acetabuli 3460:Swan neck deformity 3394:Adhesive capsulitis 2944:Knee Surg Relat Res 2694:. February 27, 2015 2566:Wall Street Journal 2263:10.1503/cmaj.140433 1124:Musculoskeletal Key 509:Bucket-handle tears 255:cannot take place. 3878:Gamekeeper's thumb 3835:Separated shoulder 3794:Dislocation of jaw 3682:Ligamentous laxity 3534:Unequal leg length 3310:External resources 2910:Fikes, Bradley J. 2598:www.massdevice.com 1608:Research Quarterly 1549:10.1093/bmb/ldq043 1120:"Meniscal Anatomy" 1025: 984: 965:stationary bicycle 914: 882: 660: 634: 490: 451: 214:Signs and symptoms 172:tear of a meniscus 4080: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4014:Rotator cuff tear 3982: 3981: 3968:High ankle sprain 3714: 3713: 3706:Joint dislocation 3633: 3632: 3473: 3472: 3399:Rotator cuff tear 3333: 3332: 3275:: Current injury 3221:(12): 1338–1344. 2211:10.1136/bmj.j1982 1941:(24 April 2014), 1786:"Meniscus Repair" 1722:Instr Course Lect 1348:(13): 3189–3197. 1059:Meniscus Injuries 1030:According to the 828:bionic body parts 824:artificial joints 684:anti-inflammatory 564:American football 541:Healing potential 244:hyaline cartilage 168: 167: 132:Medical condition 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4105: 4036:Pulled hamstring 3998: 3997: 3942:Knee dislocation 3922:Tear of meniscus 3778: 3777: 3741: 3734: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3701:Bone malrotation 3690:Valgus deformity 3562:Luxating patella 3484: 3483: 3382: 3381: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3251: 3250: 3239: 3238: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3189: 3157: 3148: 3147: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3094: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3045: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3008: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2967: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2849: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2402:(6): 1402–1405. 2391: 2385: 2384: 2374: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2325: 2315: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2274: 2242: 2233: 2232: 2222: 2189: 2178: 2177: 2167: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2011: 2005: 2002: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1915: 1897: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1747: 1738: 1737: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1700: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1641: 1632: 1631: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1551: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1510: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1459:, Meniscal Tear. 1453: 1440: 1439: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1339: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1269: 1245: 1236: 1235: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1164: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1130: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1072: 1066: 1055: 924:muscular atrophy 866:Scripps Research 680:physical therapy 423:Apley grind test 373:In 1978, Shrive 355:femoral condyles 260:traumatic injury 147: 138:Tear of meniscus 135: 134: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 18:Tear of meniscus 4113: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4072: 4040: 4018: 3991: 3978: 3946: 3904: 3900:Hip dislocation 3882: 3855: 3803: 3771: 3762: 3745: 3715: 3710: 3694:Varus deformity 3672:Joint stiffness 3660: 3651:Cauliflower ear 3629: 3581: 3557:Genu recurvatum 3538: 3515: 3469: 3436: 3413: 3371: 3368:musculoskeletal 3364: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3305: 3304: 3262: 3248: 3243: 3242: 3207: 3203: 3158: 3151: 3112: 3108: 3071: 3067: 3043:10.1.1.557.8818 3036:(10): 795–814. 3026: 3022: 2985: 2981: 2936: 2929: 2920: 2918: 2908: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2772: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2745: 2742:Active Implants 2736: 2735: 2731: 2722: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2603: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2576: 2558: 2551: 2512: 2508: 2477: 2470: 2435: 2431: 2392: 2388: 2343: 2339: 2292: 2288: 2257:(14): 1057–64. 2243: 2236: 2190: 2181: 2128: 2124: 2093: 2086: 2071: 2067: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2026:(10): 875–883. 2012: 2008: 1958: 1956: 1952:ABIM Foundation 1948:Choosing Wisely 1936: 1929: 1874: 1870: 1827: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1794: 1792: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1752:Clin Sports Med 1748: 1741: 1718: 1714: 1677: 1673: 1642: 1635: 1604: 1600: 1569: 1565: 1528: 1524: 1487:Br J Sports Med 1479: 1475: 1467: 1463: 1454: 1443: 1395: 1389: 1385: 1337: 1331: 1327: 1298:(12): 1438–44. 1287: 1283: 1246: 1239: 1200: 1196: 1141: 1137: 1128: 1126: 1116: 1112: 1077:Am J Sports Med 1073: 1069: 1056: 1049: 1044: 1010: 989: 956: 940:Aquatic therapy 919: 874: 820: 792: 741: 718:ultrasonography 676: 652: 639: 602: 584: 548: 482: 470:contrast medium 443: 427:range of motion 394: 389: 343: 319: 317:Pathophysiology 288: 232: 216: 133: 126: 115: 109: 106: 69:"Meniscus tear" 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4111: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4078: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4008: 3995: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3964:Sprained ankle 3960: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3918: 3916: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3896: 3894: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3851:Bankart lesion 3848: 3843: 3838: 3828: 3817: 3815: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3775: 3764: 3763: 3744: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3645: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3620:Hallux rigidus 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3525: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3427:Cubitus valgus 3423: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3409:Winged scapula 3406: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3283: 3263: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3254:Classification 3247: 3246:External links 3244: 3241: 3240: 3201: 3149: 3106: 3065: 3020: 2979: 2940:"Meniscectomy" 2927: 2902: 2878: 2854: 2843:www.nmtrix.com 2829: 2804: 2779: 2754: 2729: 2705: 2679: 2655: 2630: 2610: 2585: 2549: 2506: 2468: 2429: 2386: 2337: 2286: 2234: 2179: 2142:(1): 125–163. 2122: 2084: 2065: 2045: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1964:, which cites 1927: 1868: 1841:(4): 965–973. 1821: 1801: 1777: 1758:(3): 595–612. 1739: 1712: 1671: 1652:(252): 19–31. 1633: 1614:(2): 203–211. 1598: 1579:(5): 498–507. 1563: 1522: 1473: 1461: 1441: 1406:(3): 598–605. 1383: 1325: 1281: 1237: 1204:Phys Sportsmed 1194: 1135: 1110: 1067: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1009: 1006: 988: 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