541:
rational or logical in structure. The conventional organization has sometimes also been criticized, however, as artificial and unrepresentative of how teachers actually experience their work. Problems of practice frequently (perhaps usually) concern foundational issues, curriculum, and practical knowledge simultaneously, and separating them during teacher education may therefore not be helpful. However, the question of necessary training components is highly debated as continuing increases in attrition rates by new teachers and struggling learners is evident. Additionally, with the increasing demands of the "teacher" research is beginning to suggest that teachers must not only be trained to increase learning experiences for their students, but how to also be a leader in an increasingly challenging field. The debate of how best to prepare teachers for teaching in today's demanding environments will continue to be an important focus of the United States, where the education of all children successfully is priority.
304:
457:
congressional subcommittee on May 17, 2007. However, many alternative pathways are affiliated with schools of education, where candidates still enroll in university-based coursework. A supplemental component of university-based coursework is community-based teacher education, where teacher candidates immerse themselves in communities that will allow them to apply teaching theory to practice. Community-based teacher education also challenges teacher candidates' assumptions about the issues of gender, race, and multicultural diversity. This assists to make an attitudinal change in the teacher trainees in order to eliminate segregation within the school community.
638:
503:
of knowledge and skill pupils will need when they enter adult life, it becomes harder to know what kinds of knowledge and skill teachers should have. Increasingly, emphasis is placed upon 'transversal' or 'horizontal' skills (such as 'learning to learn' or 'social competences'), which cut across traditional subject boundaries, and therefore call into question traditional ways of designing the
Teacher Education curriculum (and traditional school curricula and ways of working in the classroom).
735:
teachers' needs for additional training or development, or, in extreme cases, to identify those teachers that should be required to leave the profession. In some countries, teachers are required to re-apply periodically for their license to teach, and in so doing, to prove that they still have the requisite skills. But still there are countries (e.g. Sri Lanka) where teaching cannot be considered as a profession as the teachers are not provided with a license to teach.
5269:
4277:
4287:
3499:
663:
5279:
382:
methods that would be deemed inappropriate if they used the same methods in schools, or teachers being taught by persons with little or no hands-on experience of teaching in real classrooms. In other systems, teacher education may be the subject of detailed prescription (e.g. the state may specify the skills that all teachers must possess, or it may specify the content of teacher education courses).
5257:
583:
the requirements of their students. This falls into the area of culturally responsive teaching and requires teaching education and teachers to address issues of diversity education and disadvantage as a part of a teacher education curriculum. Jabbar & Hardaker (2013) argue that this is an essential process in helping students of ethnicity, colour and diversity achieve and attain.
517:
more success recruiting teachers who already live in these communities, rather than trying to recruit urbanites to move to rural communities once they have completed their teacher training. Online and blended teacher education programs are becoming more prevalent to help meet the needs of teacher shortages in rural and remote areas. In addition, the United
Nations
437:. In countries like Sri Lanka there are separate institutes called National colleges of Education to provide pre-service teacher training while Teacher Training Colleges provide in-service teacher education. Further institutes called Teacher Centers provide continuing professional development for teachers. It may be organized according to two basic models.
1032:
effectively about the skill of teaching and facilitating others to acquire teaching skills). As first-order educators, they need to be proficient teachers (of 'adult' students). As second-order educators, they require, in addition, specific competences and dispositions, such as modelling and meta-reflection, that enable them to teach about teaching.
592:
continues to change due to demographic issues there is a continuous pressure on academics to have mastery of their subjects but also to understand their students. Continuous professional development is the process by which teachers (like other professionals) reflect upon their competencies, keep them up to date, and develop them further.
1097:, 2010 (NCFTE), which aims to remedy many of the ills of teacher training in India. It calls for preparing a 'humane and reflective practitioner' and for fostering the agency and autonomy of the teacher, who can interpret the curriculum meaningfully to the contextual needs of the learners, than merely focus on 'teaching the text book'.
1073:) specific standards of professional practice have been developed for, or by, teacher educators. These set out the range of competences that a member of the teacher educator profession is expected to be able to deploy, as well as the attitudes, values and behaviours that are deemed to be acceptable for membership of the profession).
1036:
Bologna, designed with the aim of promoting the correct use of formative assessment in mathematics education for students aged from 11 to 16. Reaching this goal supposes to design training programs for teachers of mathematics, starting from identifying their needs, believes, expectations and the use of formative assessment.
734:
In most countries, teacher salary is not related to the perceived quality of his or her work. Some, however, have systems to identify the 'best-performing' teachers, and increase their remuneration accordingly. Elsewhere, assessments of teacher performance may be undertaken with a view to identifying
561:
mentoring: the allocation to each beginning teacher of an experienced teacher, specifically trained as a mentor; the mentor may provide emotional and professional support and guidance; in teacher training, induction is limited to the provision of a mentor, but research suggests that, in itself, it is
540:
These three areas reflect the organization of most teacher education programs in North
America as well as Asian countries like Sri Lanka. Courses, modules, and other activities are often organized to belong to one of the three major areas of teacher education. The organization makes the programs more
994:
Some recent research has highlighted the many fields of knowledge that are required by teacher educators; these include knowledge about: the pedagogy of teacher education; learning and learners; teaching and coaching; and the profession of teacher educator itself. In addition, teacher educators need
738:
Feedback on the performance of teachers is integral to many state and private education procedures, but takes many different forms. The 'no fault' approach is believed by some to be satisfactory, as weaknesses are carefully identified, assessed and then addressed through the provision of in house or
582:
However, numerous authors suggest that current teacher education is highly flawed and primarily geared towards a western dominated curriculum. Hence, they suggest that teacher education should be inclusive and take into account multiple backgrounds and variables to allow teachers to be responsive to
502:
content-area and methods knowledge and skillsâoften also including ways of teaching and assessing a specific subject, in which case this area may overlap with the first ("foundational") area. There is increasing debate about this aspect; because it is no longer possible to know in advance what kinds
2356:
Loughran and Berry 2005; Lunenberg M., Korthagen F. and
Swennen A. (2007): âThe teacher educator as a role modelâ, Teaching and Teacher Education 23 586â601; Davey, R. and Ham, V. (2011), â âItâs all about paying attention!â ⊠but to what?â in Bates et al.: âThe Professional Development of teacher
1031:
But the key duality of identity that lies at the core of the teacher educator profession is that of first-order and second order teaching. A teacher educator must be a highly competent âfirst-order educatorâ (i.e. a good teacher) but also a skilled âsecond-order educatorâ (i.e. capable of teaching
730:
It is sometimes taken to relate to the quality of the work undertaken by a teacher, which has significant effects upon his or her pupils or students. Further, those who pay teachers' salaries, whether through taxes or through school fees, wish to be assured that they are receiving value for money.
591:
Because the world that teachers are preparing young people to enter is changing so rapidly, and because the teaching skills required are evolving likewise, no initial course of teacher education can be sufficient to prepare a teacher for a career of 30 or 40 years. In addition, as the student body
381:
However, the degree of political control over
Teacher Education varies. Where teacher education is entirely in the hands of universities, the state may have no direct control whatever over what or how new teachers are taught; this can lead to anomalies, such as teachers being taught using teaching
1085:
Some research suggests that, while most countries have policies, and legislation, in place concerning the teaching profession, few countries have a clear policy or strategy on the teacher educator profession. Caena (2012) found that some of the consequences of this situation can include a teacher
1011:
The complexity of the tasks of the teacher educator arises in part because, as research has shown, they have multiple professional identities. (This is linked to the issues of definition of the term, highlighted above). While some of those who carry responsibility for the education of teachers do
516:
Those training to teach in rural and remote areas face different challenges from those who teach in urban centres. Therefore, a different approach to teacher education is needed for those who aspire to each in rural and remote areas. It has been proposed that rural and remote communities may have
1044:
The way in which teacher educators teach has a greater impact on student teachersâ thinking about practice than what teacher educators teach. So, teacher educators need to be able to model the competences and attributes they wish their students to adopt. Swennen et al. (2008). concluded that, in
553:
A distinction is sometimes made between inducting a teacher into a new school (explaining the school's vision, procedures etc.), and inducting a new teacher into the teaching profession (providing the support necessary to help the beginning teacher develop a professional identity, and to further
506:
practice at classroom teaching or at some other form of educational practiceâusually supervised and supported in some way, though not always. Practice can take the form of field observations, student teaching, or (U.S.) internship (See
Supervised Field Experiences below). This area also includes
349:
There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to
904:
A teacher educator may be narrowly defined as a higher education professional whose principal activity is the preparation of new teachers in universities and other institutions of teacher education, such as
National Colleges of Education, Teacher Training Colleges and Teacher Centers. A broader
1035:
The acquisition or improvement of teacher competences requires training, through which it will be improved educational planning and assessment. This results in a better learning of students, as evidences show. It is the objective of FAMT & L Comenius project, conducted at the
University of
726:
Assuring the quality of teacher education includes selecting competent recruits for teacher education programs, accrediting teacher education programs who consistently show positive results, and offering registration, licensing, or certification to those who demonstrate competency to enter the
549:
Teaching involves the use of a wide body of knowledge about the subject being taught, and another set of knowledge about the most effective ways to teach that subject to different kinds of learner; it, therefore, requires teachers to undertake a complex set of tasks every minute. Many teachers
440:
In the 'consecutive' model, a teacher first obtains a qualification in one or more subjects (often a diploma in teaching or an undergraduate bachelor's degree), and then studies for a further period to gain an additional qualification in teaching (this may take the form of a post-baccalaureate
872:
A teacher educator (also called a teacher trainer) is a person who helps in-service and pre-service teacher trainees to acquire the knowledge, competencies and attitudes they require to be effective teachers. Several individual teacher educators are usually involved in the initial or ongoing
456:
In the United States, approximately one-third of new teachers come through alternative routes to teacher certification, according to testimony given by Emily
Feistritzer, the President of National Center for Alternative Certification and the National Center for Education Information, to a
465:
The question of what knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, approaches, methodologies and skills teachers should possess is the subject of much debate in many cultures. This is understandable, as teachers are entrusted with the transmission to learners of society's beliefs, attitudes and
377:
The process by which teachers are educated is the subject of political discussion in many countries, reflecting both the value attached by societies and cultures to the preparation of young people for life, and the fact that education systems consume significant financial resources.
1081:
While schools and school teachers are often in the news and in political debate, research shows that the teacher educator profession is largely absent from such public discussions and from policy discourse in
Education which often focuses exclusively on teachers and school leaders.
1086:
educator profession that is poorly organised, has low status or low formal recognition, has few regulations, professional standards â or even minimum qualifications, and no coherent approach to the selection, induction, or continuing professional development of Teacher Educators.
2134:
Filges, T, Torgerson, C, Gascoine, L, Dietrichson, J, Nielsen, C, Viinholt, BA. Effectiveness of continuing professional development training of welfare professionals on outcomes for children and young people: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 2019; 15:e1060.
1045:
order to âmodelâ what they teach, teacher educators need to develop the ability to link their own (tacit) theories and practice of teaching to public theory, i.e., in Korthagen's words, to translate Theory with a capital âTâ to theory with a small âtâ.
444:
In the alternative 'concurrent' model, a student simultaneously studies both one or more academic subjects, and the ways of teaching that subject, leading to a combined bachelor's degree and teaching credential to qualify as a teacher of that subject.
1820:
Ashby, P., Hobson, A., Tracey, L., Malderez, A., Tomlinson, P., Roper, T., Chambers, G. and Healy, J. (2008). Beginner teachers' experiences of initial teacher preparation, induction and early professional development: a review of literature. London:
896:
Not every culture has a concept that precisely matches the English term 'teacher educator'... Even where the concept exists, the range of roles that is covered by the term varies significantly from country to country. In some traditions, the term
595:
The extent to which education authorities support this process varies, as does the effectiveness of the different approaches. A growing research base suggests that to be most effective, continuing professional development activities should:
1111:
Some writers have therefore identified a need for more research into "what teachers of teachers themselves need to know", and what institutional supports are needed to "meet the complex demands of preparing teachers for the 21st century".
2310:
Ferretti & Lovece (2015). "La Valutazione Formativa Per La Didattia Della Matematica Nell'Ambito Del Progetto FAMT&L. Le Concezioni Degli Studenti Di Scuola Media Nei Confronti Degli Strumenti Di Verifica Utilizzati in Classe".
385:
Policy cooperation in the European Union has led to a broad description of the kinds of attributes that teachers in European Union member states should possess: the Common European Principle for Teacher Competences and Qualifications.
5230:
908:
Even within a single educational system, teacher educators may be employed in different roles by different kinds of organisation. In the European context, for example, people who could be considered to be teacher educators include:
550:
experience their first years in the profession as stressful. The proportion of teachers who either do not enter the profession after completing initial training, or who leave the profession after their first teaching post, is high.
2207:
2515:
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT: Supporting the Teaching Professions for Better Learning Outcomes Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission Rethinking Education: Investing in skills for better socio-economic
2288:
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT: Supporting the Teaching Professions for Better Learning Outcomes Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission Rethinking Education: Investing in skills for better socio-economic
2248:
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT: Supporting the Teaching Professions for Better Learning Outcomes Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission Rethinking Education: Investing in skills for better socio-economic
2442:
Caena F (2012) âPerspectives on Teacher Educator policies in European countries: an overviewâ paper prepared for the European Commission conference âEducationÂČ: Policy support for Teacher Educatorsâ; downloaded August 2013 at
2299:
see, for example: Swennen A., Jones K, Volman M (2010). âTeacher Educators: their identities, sub-identities and implications for professional developmentâ, Professional Development in Education, 36 (1â2), March- June 2010,
2285:
These are taken from: Dengerink J, Lunenberg M and Kools Q (2015) âWhat and how teacher educators prefer to learnâ, Journal of Education for Teaching, 41:1, 78â96; but see also a similar list of required competences in:
3832:
4242:
4885:
995:
to know about the specific contexts their students will work and working in (e.g. for primary, or secondary education) and the subjects they will teach. More experienced teacher educators need expertise in:
448:
Other pathways are also available. In some countries, it is possible for a person to receive training as a teacher by working in a school under the responsibility of an accredited experienced practitioner.
739:
school based training. These can, however, be seen as benefiting the institution and not necessarily fully meeting the continuing professional development needs of the individual as they lack educational
452:
In the United Kingdom there is a long tradition of partnerships between universities and schools in providing state supported teacher education. This tradition is not without tensions and controversies.
1830:
Huling-Austin, J. A synthesis of research on teacher induction programs and practices; paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans LA, April 5â9,
649:
and his platform, the SchoolEducationGateway; providing a unique opportunity to European teachers in international training courses in different European countries, fully funded the KA1 (KeyAction1).
470:, as well as of information, advice and wisdom, and with facilitating learners' acquisition of the key knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that they will need to be active in society and the economy.
5063:
4252:
350:'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner). The two major components of teacher education are in-service teacher education and
557:
A number of countries and states have put in place comprehensive systems of support to help beginning teachers during their first years in the profession. Elements of such a programme can include:
1053:
Just as teaching is no longer seen as simply transferring factual information, so educating teachers also requires a more sophisticated approach, based upon professional awareness that comes from
4890:
1057:. For Loughran, being a professional teacher educator requires âgenuinely reflecting on, and responding to, the needs, demands, and expectations of teaching about teaching within the academyâ.
2384:
see, for example: Yaffe E. and Maskit D, âDiscussing pedagogical dilemmas with teacher educators âŠâ In Bates et al 'The Professional Development of teacher educators', Routledge, London, 2011
1108:
However, the importance of the quality of this profession for the quality of teaching and learning has been underlined by international bodies including the OECD and the European Commission.
1492:
Eaton, S. E.; Dressler, R.; Gereluk, D.; Becker, S. (2015). "A review of the literature on rural and remote pre-service teacher preparation with a focus on blended and e-learning models".
4880:
3858:
1715:
Cultural Responsiveness and Motivation in Preparing Teachers: Pre-Service Teacher: Does Cultural Responosiveness Affect Anticipated Self-Determination to Teach in Specific Settings?
5113:
5058:
2366:
Swennen, A., Lunenberg, M. and Korthagen, F. (2008): âPreach what you teach! Teacher educators and congruent teachingâ, Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 14(5), 531â542
1689:
5053:
4247:
3901:
4992:
905:
definition might include any professional whose work contributes in some way to the initial education or the continuing professional development of school and other teachers.
5093:
4900:
1575:
Eaton, S. E.; Gereluk, D.; Dressler, R.; Becker, S. (2017). "A Canadian online rural education teacher preparation program: Course design, student support and engagement".
5088:
5068:
4895:
4594:
4216:
499:
skills in assessing student learning, supporting English Language learners, using technology to improve teaching and learning, and supporting students with special needs.
4905:
4599:
533:
student teachingâincludes a number of weeks teaching in an assigned classroom under the supervision of the classroom teacher and a supervisor (e.g. from the university)
4865:
4850:
3888:
477:
2235:
4647:
4579:
4201:
1429:"Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time"
346:, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers).
4835:
3884:
3875:
3866:
1115:
In response to this perceived need, more research projects are now focussing on the teacher educator profession. Several academic journals cover this field.
2023:
Jabbar, Abdul; Hardaker, Glenn (2013). "The role of culturally responsive teaching for supporting ethnic diversity in British University Business Schools".
1888:
Jabbar, Abdul and Hardaker, Glenn (2013) The role of culturally responsive teaching for supporting ethnic diversity in British University Business Schools.
3862:
629:, summarizing evidence from 51 studies, finds no clear evidence that continuing professional development in education improves student academic outcomes.
1657:
1094:
949:
2375:
Korthagen FAJ, (2001), âLinking practice and theory: The pedagogy of realistic teacher educationâ. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
966:
Teacher educators may therefore work in many different contexts including National Colleges of Education, teacher training colleges, teacher centers,(
3602:
898:
2331:"Improvement of teachers' competences. [Social Impact]. FAMT&L. Formative Assessment for Mathematics' Teaching and Learning (2013â2016)"
2263:
1772:
1214:
1129:
4947:
1370:"School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment"
1230:
433:
In many countries, Initial Teacher Education (also known as preservice teacher training) takes place largely or exclusively in institutions of
290:
4915:
4790:
394:
Although ideally it should be conceived of, and organised as, a seamless continuum, teacher education is often divided into these stages
731:
Ways to measure the quality of work of individual teachers, of schools, or of education systems as a whole, are therefore often sought.
1261:
3747:
1902:
Turner, Y (2006). "Chinese Students in a UK Business School: Hearing the Student Voice in Reflective Teaching and Learning Practice".
5098:
4910:
3587:
2526:
Cochran-Smith M (2003): "Learning and unlearning: the education of teacher educators", Teaching and Teacher Education 19 (2003) 5â28)
1174:
1105:
The teacher educator profession has also been seen as under-researched; empirical research on professional practice is also scarce.
2393:
see for example Ken Zeichner 'Becoming a teacher educator: a personal perspective;'Teaching and Teacher Education 21 (2005) 117â124
2347:
Russell, 1997 cited in Loughran J. and Berry A.: âModelling by teacher educatorsâ, Teaching and Teacher Education 21 (2005) 193â203
1598:
West, E.; Jones, P. (2007). "A Framework for Planning Technology Used in Teacher Education Programs That Serve Rural Communities".
579:
of beginning teachers in the profession; improve teaching performance; promote the teachers' personal and professional well-being.
530:
field observationsâinclude observation and limited participation within a classroom under the supervision of the classroom teacher
4840:
4191:
2428:
Snoek, Swennen, vanderKlink (2009). "The teacher educator: A Neglected Factor in the Contemporary Debate on Teacher Education".
2402:
Loughran J (2014) âProfessionally Developing as a Teacher Educatorâ; Journal of Teacher Education 2014, Vol. 65(4) 271â283(2014)
409:(the process of providing training and support during the first few years of teaching or the first year in a particular school);
3607:
2236:
http://www.lerarenopleider.nl/velon/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/summary_national_situations_teacher_educator_policies_europe.pdf
1090:
568:
input from educational experts (e.g. to help the beginning teacher relate what she learned in college with classroom reality).
4166:
1284:
2276:
Murray, J., Male, T. (2005) âBecoming a teacher educator: evidence from the fieldâ Teaching and Teacher Education 21 125â142
1339:
4424:
4730:
4354:
4211:
2565:
2234:
Francesca Caena: Perspectives on Teacher Educator policies in European countries: an overview. Retrieved January 2017 at
1185:
959:
365:
2262:
these examples are taken from the European Commission's text 'Supporting teacher educators' retrieved January 2017 from
986:
Being able to educate teachers requires different knowledge and skills than those required to teach pupils or students.
4780:
1722:
1124:
684:
405:
283:
5220:
5103:
4962:
873:
education of each teacher; often each specialises in teaching about a different aspect of teaching (e.g. educational
710:
1635:"The GOALS model: Rural teacher preparation institutions meeting the ideals of a PDS through educational technology"
692:
4795:
4690:
1941:"The role of culturally responsive teaching for supporting ethnic diversity in British University Business Schools"
5282:
4845:
4663:
4561:
4374:
2861:
2627:
955:
school teachers or school managers responsible for inducting new teachers during their first year of teaching; or
17:
4800:
4622:
4399:
4001:
3622:
1577:
Paper Presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX, USA
1206:
688:
571:
support for the process of self-reflection that all teachers engage in (e.g. through the keeping of a journal).
518:
158:
1542:"A Learning Alberta: Advanced Education in Rural Alberta: Challenges And Opportunities: A Discussion Document"
1516:
303:
5073:
5025:
4982:
3905:
351:
276:
2514:
2287:
2247:
1302:"Teachers' professional knowledge and state-funded teacher education: a (hi)story of critiques and silences"
4637:
4589:
4486:
4481:
4206:
4111:
2768:
521:
aims to substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers by 2030 through international cooperation.
5048:
3052:
2606:
2601:
2444:
1301:
2430:
Advancing Quality Cultures for Teacher Education in Europe: Tensions and Opportunities. Umea University.
1211:
5225:
4446:
3662:
3185:
2801:
2669:
2659:
2487:
Willemse M, Lunenberg M, Korthagen F (2005). "Values in education: a challenge for teacher educators".
148:
2091:
Garet, See; Porter, Desmoine; Birman, Kwang (2001). "What makes professional development effective?".
1844:
Villegas, A.; Lucas, T. (2002). "Preparing culturally responsive teachers rethinking the curriculum".
5303:
4161:
4126:
4081:
3897:
3772:
3762:
3567:
3237:
3147:
3132:
2881:
2081:
see: Snow-Renner and Lauer, âProfessional Development Analysis (synthesis of 54 studies), McREL, 2005
1340:"Preparing Teachers for the Classroom: The Role of the Higher Education Act and No Child Left Behind"
926:
for teaching a subject (such as chemistry or mathematics) to students who will later become teachers;
178:
153:
2037:
1957:
1858:
1634:
1237:
5134:
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4875:
4785:
4735:
4695:
4546:
4051:
4046:
3941:
3933:
3777:
3667:
3597:
3097:
2686:
2632:
1988:
Howard, T. C. (2003). "Culturally Relevant Pedagogy: Ingredients for Critical Teacher Reflection".
828:
673:
229:
188:
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4715:
4516:
4476:
4456:
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4339:
4171:
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3722:
3707:
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2711:
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1277:
Research and the Teaching Profession. Building the capacity for a self-improving education system
978:) and their working time may be fully, or only partly, dedicated to the preparation of teachers.
878:
677:
481:
259:
254:
87:
67:
5197:
5142:
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1952:
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1000:
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882:
626:
493:
489:
82:
72:
57:
1210:. 1940; 10: 210â215. In the UK, however, the term 'teacher training' is still in general use:
723:
The concept of 'Quality' in education is contested and understood in numerous different ways.
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173:
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2926:
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2756:
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2731:
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2161:
1786:
Wong, Harry K. (2004). "Induction Programs That Keep New Teachers Teaching and Improving".
1169:
832:
485:
467:
239:
198:
193:
62:
33:
3175:
2148:
2125:
see General Teaching Council for England, 'Teachers' Professional Learning', London, 2005.
1517:"Policy, practice and need in the professional preparation of teachers for rural teaching"
8:
5208:
5172:
5152:
5083:
5002:
4775:
4765:
4710:
4705:
4642:
4584:
4551:
4541:
4521:
4511:
4496:
4491:
4471:
4441:
4409:
4394:
4369:
4305:
4231:
4221:
4156:
4121:
4056:
4036:
4026:
3986:
3971:
3966:
3807:
3802:
3742:
3697:
3657:
3552:
3533:
3247:
3159:
3112:
3062:
3010:
3005:
2984:
2906:
2816:
2796:
2786:
2676:
1159:
1139:
1054:
112:
2416:
318:
refers to programs, policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective)
5272:
5157:
4997:
4987:
4977:
4967:
4825:
4750:
4536:
4461:
4431:
4262:
4181:
4141:
4116:
4096:
4031:
4006:
3996:
3981:
3782:
3732:
3687:
3672:
3652:
3642:
3617:
3557:
3252:
3195:
3040:
2891:
2841:
2791:
2736:
2681:
2593:
2551:
2189:
2108:
2050:
2005:
1970:
1871:
1803:
1615:
1474:
1461:
1404:
1369:
1321:
576:
224:
168:
163:
143:
52:
47:
2412:
637:
5182:
5078:
5030:
4952:
4720:
4286:
4101:
4066:
4021:
4016:
3925:
3792:
3702:
3592:
3498:
3430:
3242:
3224:
3102:
3072:
3045:
3035:
3025:
3020:
2989:
2911:
2896:
2856:
2664:
2647:
2193:
2181:
2054:
2009:
1974:
1915:
1875:
1807:
1718:
1619:
1478:
1466:
1448:
1409:
1391:
1325:
1280:
1255:
920:
646:
507:
extracurricular competences such as dealing with conflicts and bullying among pupils.
183:
97:
76:
2112:
2068:
1003:; the wider context of teacher education, the way it is organised, and in research.
401:(a pre-service course before entering the classroom as a fully responsible teacher);
3502:
3418:
3359:
3122:
3117:
3087:
2974:
2969:
2931:
2836:
2811:
2716:
2496:
2469:
2173:
2100:
2042:
1997:
1962:
1919:
1911:
1863:
1795:
1669:
1607:
1580:
1497:
1456:
1440:
1399:
1381:
1313:
913:
434:
264:
107:
102:
92:
2069:"Theatre of the Oppressed in Education â Centre for Community Dialogue and Change"
3082:
3077:
2959:
2954:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2846:
2806:
2046:
1966:
1317:
1218:
1164:
473:
Generally, Teacher Education curricula can be broken down into four major areas:
234:
122:
1867:
1428:
645:
In recent times, a major role in the Teacher training world has been covered by
5261:
3302:
3015:
2500:
2473:
2001:
1799:
1674:
1611:
1444:
1179:
3180:
2162:"Quality Assurance in Teacher Education and Outcomes: A Study of 17 Countries"
2104:
981:
5297:
4280:
3377:
2979:
2916:
2781:
2654:
2185:
2177:
1452:
1395:
1134:
249:
3190:
1754:
1386:
1076:
3275:
3205:
3067:
1633:
Weitzenkamp, D. J.; Howe, M. E.; Steckelberg, A. L.; Radcliffe, R. (2003).
1470:
1413:
975:
967:
536:
internshipâteaching candidate is supervised within his or her own classroom
3200:
2246:
see, for example, the analysis of how this term is used within Europe in:
1584:
1501:
4290:
3057:
1149:
1070:
1012:
self-identify as 'teacher educator', others may self-identify rather as '
244:
214:
3030:
1154:
1025:
1013:
886:
824:
802:
Teaching, teaching about teaching, research into learning and teaching,
775:
2457:
2445:
http://ec.europa.eu/education/school-education/teacher-educator_en.htm
1020:'; others may relate primarily to their academic discipline, such as '
3268:
2831:
2574:
1924:
1658:"A Technology Supported Induction Network for Rural Student Teachers"
1426:
948:
teachers in schools who supervise student teachers during periods of
940:
848:
787:
339:
323:
662:
2706:
2136:
1632:
1204:
see for example Cecil H. Allen, In-Service Training of Teachers in
1144:
1066:
1017:
930:
890:
856:
852:
740:
331:
1940:
2901:
1374:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1021:
971:
864:
319:
2536:
1100:
1060:
874:
836:
343:
1347:
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor
1212:
see for instance the UK government's information on tda.gov.uk
575:
Some research suggests that such programmes can: increase the
565:
a peer network: for mutual support but also for peer learning.
554:
develop the basic competences that were acquired in college).
860:
335:
2543:
982:
Professional knowledge and competences of teacher educators
2486:
1574:
1491:
1188:, historical coverage of teacher training in major states
1077:
Policy and legislation on the teacher educator profession
989:
652:
1494:
Werklund School of Education Research & Publications
2427:
2149:
https://www.teacheracademy.eu/funding/erasmus-plus-ka1/
1753:
Richard, Ingersoll; M, Smith, Thomas (1 January 2004).
1639:
Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education
1065:
In some parts of the world (notably the United States,
338:
they require to perform their tasks effectively in the
2458:"Becoming a teacher educator: evidence from the field"
625:
However, a systematic review published in 2019 by the
586:
2417:
http://www.lerarenopleider.nl/velon/beroepsstandaard/
2309:
612:
include periods of practice, coaching, and follow-up,
2507:
307:
Percentage of trained teachers by region (2000â2017)
2413:
http://www.ate1.org/pubs/uploads/tchredstds0308.pdf
2240:
1095:
National Curricular Framework for Teacher Education
1427:Burger, C., Strohmeier, D., KollerovĂĄ, L. (2022).
544:
2090:
1737:
5295:
1130:Gender mainstreaming in teacher education policy
419:(an in-service process for practicing teachers).
2357:educatorsâ, Routledge, London, 2011; pp 232â247
2160:Ingvarson, Lawrence; Rowley, Glenn (May 2017).
2159:
524:
5127:
4677:
2022:
1938:
2559:
2313:Journal of Theories and Research in Education
1843:
1564:. Northern Alberta Development Council. 2010.
1547:. Edmonton: Alberta Advanced Education. 2005.
1101:Research into the teacher educator profession
901:' may be used instead of 'teacher educator'.
284:
5232:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2535:For one example, see the InfoTED project at
1771:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1755:"Do Teacher Induction and Mentoring Matter?"
1740:Educational Leadership: The Power of Oneself
1717:. Lambert Academic Publishing. p. 172.
1655:
1061:Professional standards for teacher educators
372:
27:Training teachers to develop teaching skills
2421:
974:, private sector training organisations or
958:those in charge of school teaching staff's
893:, subject-specific teaching methods etc.).
691:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2566:
2552:
2455:
2279:
1712:
1367:
291:
277:
2396:
2369:
2272:
2270:
2036:
1956:
1923:
1857:
1673:
1597:
1460:
1403:
1385:
1198:
1175:History of education in the United States
711:Learn how and when to remove this message
4929:
2480:
2350:
2230:
2228:
1752:
1274:
636:
302:
4304:
3532:
3521:
2529:
2520:
2449:
2387:
2360:
2341:
1939:Jabbar, Abdul; Hardaker, Glenn (2013).
1839:
1837:
14:
5296:
2436:
2267:
2258:
2256:
1987:
1901:
1524:Journal of Research in Rural Education
1514:
1299:
1260:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1006:
990:Teacher educators' fields of knowledge
653:Quality assurance in teacher education
5126:
4928:
4676:
4303:
3924:
3923:
3531:
3520:
3222:
2585:
2547:
2378:
2225:
2093:American Educational Research Journal
1091:National Council of Teacher Education
2405:
2293:
1834:
1785:
1656:Winstead Fry, Sara (December 2018).
746:
689:adding citations to reliable sources
656:
399:initial teacher training / education
5278:
2335:SIOR, Social Impact Open Repository
2253:
1559:"Rural and Remote Education Report"
1186:Normal schools in the United States
960:continuous professional development
641:Teacher Training, DRC (25765238788)
632:
609:be delivered to groups of teachers,
587:Continuous Professional Development
417:continuing professional development
366:Normal schools in the United States
24:
1125:European Teacher Education Network
1048:
25:
5315:
2411:See examples from United States:
1600:Rural Special Education Quarterly
1182:, for teacher education worldwide
765:Teacher Educator, teacher trainer
5277:
5268:
5267:
5255:
4791:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4285:
4276:
4275:
3833:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3603:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3497:
2147:Europass Teacher Academy. 2020;
2137:https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1060
1916:10.1111/j.1468-2273.2006.00306.x
1433:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
916:academics with a responsibility
661:
480:in education-related aspects of
441:credential or master's degree).
334:, approaches, methodologies and
2323:
2303:
2200:
2153:
2141:
2128:
2119:
2084:
2075:
2061:
2016:
1981:
1932:
1895:
1882:
1824:
1814:
1779:
1746:
1731:
1706:
1682:
1649:
1626:
1591:
1568:
1551:
1534:
545:Induction of beginning teachers
428:
4948:Federated States of Micronesia
4243:British Indian Ocean Territory
2489:Teaching and Teacher Education
2462:Teaching and Teacher Education
1508:
1485:
1420:
1361:
1332:
1293:
1268:
1223:
1207:Review of Educational Research
618:encourage experimentation, and
519:Sustainable Development Goal 4
13:
1:
2573:
2537:https://www.ntnu.edu/info-ted
1713:Rosser-Cox, Michelle (2011).
1694:Global Campaign For Education
1192:
460:
352:pre-service teacher education
4916:United States Virgin Islands
2586:
2047:10.1080/13562517.2012.725221
2025:Teaching in Higher Education
1967:10.1080/13562517.2012.725221
1945:Teaching in Higher Education
1890:Teaching in Higher Education
1846:Journal of Teacher Education
1318:10.1080/03054985.2014.939413
1039:
615:promote reflective practice,
525:Supervised field experiences
389:
7:
4678:Education in North America
1868:10.1177/0022487102053001003
1118:
621:respond to teachers' needs.
10:
5320:
5128:Education in South America
3223:
2501:10.1016/j.tate.2004.12.009
2474:10.1016/j.tate.2004.12.006
2002:10.1207/s15430421tip4203_5
1904:Higher Education Quarterly
1800:10.1177/019263650408863804
1738:Rosser and Massey (2013).
1675:10.35608/ruraled.v27i2.492
1612:10.1177/875687050702600402
1445:10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6
1306:Oxford Review of Education
423:
363:
357:
5249:
5206:
5133:
5039:
5016:
4935:
4891:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4809:
4683:
4656:
4608:
4570:
4312:
4271:
4230:
4190:
3932:
3846:
3821:
3540:
3527:
3516:
3492:
3446:
3412:
3371:
3353:
3314:
3296:
3262:
3238:Early childhood education
3231:
3218:
3168:
2998:
2945:
2767:
2620:
2592:
2581:
2456:Murray J, Male T (2005).
2105:10.3102/00028312038004915
842:
816:
806:
798:
793:
781:
769:
761:
756:
373:Policy and related issues
5099:Northern Mariana Islands
4911:Turks and Caicos Islands
3992:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3588:Central African Republic
2178:10.3102/0013189X17711900
829:Teacher-training college
511:
5064:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4253:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1387:10.3390/ijerph191811809
879:philosophy of education
482:philosophy of education
260:Participant observation
255:Multivariate statistics
88:International education
4841:British Virgin Islands
4355:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2166:Educational Researcher
1892:, 18 (3). pp. 272â284.
1515:Gibson, I. W. (1994).
997:curriculum development
936:for subject studies or
883:sociology of education
642:
627:Campbell Collaboration
494:sociology of education
490:educational psychology
478:foundational knowledge
308:
5042:and other territories
4781:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3748:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3608:Republic of the Congo
2415:and the Netherlands:
1300:Oancea, Alis (2014).
1093:(NCTE) released the '
727:teaching profession.
647:The Erasmus Programme
640:
306:
220:Conversation analysis
4930:Education in Oceania
4306:Education in Europe
4167:United Arab Emirates
3534:Education in Africa
2757:Instructional design
2212:education.nsw.gov.au
1990:Theory into Practice
1759:Gse Faculty Research
1170:History of education
833:College of Education
685:improve this section
606:use active learning,
600:be spread over time,
486:history of education
240:Factorial experiment
34:Educational research
4796:Trinidad and Tobago
4691:Antigua and Barbuda
4571:States with limited
4194:limited recognition
3823:States with limited
3522:Education by region
3248:Secondary education
3160:Teaching philosophy
3063:Pedagogical pattern
3006:21st century skills
2985:Religious education
2628:Aims and objectives
2208:"Types of feedback"
1690:"SDG4's 10 targets"
1585:10.5072/PRISM/31627
1502:10.5072/PRISM/31625
1368:Burger, C. (2022).
1160:School of education
1140:Pedagogical pattern
1055:reflective practice
1007:Multiple identities
753:
413:teacher development
113:Religious education
5262:Schools portal
4731:Dominican Republic
3926:Education in Asia
3253:Tertiary education
3191:Learning resources
2682:Education sciences
2513:see, for example:
1662:The Rural Educator
1217:2011-04-04 at the
808:Education required
751:
643:
309:
225:Discourse analysis
131:Curricular domains
53:Education sciences
48:Curriculum studies
5291:
5290:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5213:other territories
5122:
5121:
5114:Wallis and Futuna
5059:Clipperton Island
5017:Associated states
4924:
4923:
4813:other territories
4672:
4671:
4299:
4298:
4236:other territories
3919:
3918:
3850:other territories
3623:Equatorial Guinea
3512:
3511:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3243:Primary education
3214:
3213:
3103:Dialogic learning
3073:Teacher retention
3026:Critical thinking
3021:Class arrangement
2990:Special education
2665:Standardized test
2648:Course evaluation
1439:(12): 2312â2327.
1286:978-0-946671-37-3
1275:BERA/RSA (2014).
950:teaching practice
921:Teacher Education
870:
869:
747:Teacher educators
721:
720:
713:
603:be collaborative,
312:Teacher education
301:
300:
118:Teacher education
98:Special education
93:School counseling
16:(Redirected from
5311:
5304:Teacher training
5281:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5233:
5221:Falkland Islands
5135:Sovereign states
5124:
5123:
5104:Pitcairn Islands
5074:French Polynesia
5054:Christmas Island
4983:Papua New Guinea
4963:Marshall Islands
4936:Sovereign states
4926:
4925:
4881:Saint Barthélemy
4811:Dependencies and
4684:Sovereign states
4674:
4673:
4609:Dependencies and
4313:Sovereign states
4301:
4300:
4289:
4279:
4278:
4248:Christmas Island
3934:Sovereign states
3921:
3920:
3911:
3910:(United Kingdom)
3906:Tristan da Cunha
3902:Ascension Island
3894:
3881:
3872:
3848:Dependencies and
3541:Sovereign states
3529:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3501:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3419:Higher education
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3360:Secondary school
3356:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3234:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3148:Student-centered
3133:Phenomenon-based
3123:Peer instruction
3088:Blended learning
3011:Bloom's taxonomy
2975:Gifted education
2970:Education reform
2802:Computer science
2583:
2582:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2265:
2260:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2040:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1861:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1762:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1464:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1389:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1279:. London: BERA.
1272:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1236:. Archived from
1235:
1227:
1221:
1202:
914:Higher Education
783:Activity sectors
754:
752:Teacher Educator
750:
716:
709:
705:
702:
696:
665:
657:
633:Teacher training
435:higher education
316:teacher training
293:
286:
279:
149:Computer science
108:Female education
103:Gifted education
30:
29:
21:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5256:
5254:
5237:
5231:
5214:
5212:
5202:
5129:
5118:
5041:
5035:
5018:
5012:
4993:Solomon Islands
4931:
4920:
4814:
4812:
4805:
4679:
4668:
4652:
4610:
4604:
4590:Northern Cyprus
4572:
4566:
4487:North Macedonia
4308:
4295:
4267:
4235:
4226:
4207:Northern Cyprus
4193:
4186:
3928:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3892:
3879:
3870:
3851:
3849:
3842:
3826:
3824:
3817:
3536:
3523:
3508:
3507:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3462:
3455:
3433:
3421:
3402:
3393:
3385:
3380:
3362:
3343:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3305:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3227:
3210:
3164:
3083:Active learning
3078:Teaching method
3053:Learning theory
2994:
2960:Autodidacticism
2955:Adult education
2941:
2882:Performing arts
2763:
2670:Teacher quality
2660:Standards-based
2616:
2588:
2577:
2572:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2485:
2481:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2038:10.1.1.695.8524
2021:
2017:
1986:
1982:
1958:10.1.1.695.8524
1937:
1933:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1859:10.1.1.618.3136
1842:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1654:
1650:
1631:
1627:
1596:
1592:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1490:
1486:
1425:
1421:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1273:
1269:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1231:"Archived copy"
1229:
1228:
1224:
1219:Wayback Machine
1203:
1199:
1195:
1165:Teaching method
1121:
1103:
1079:
1063:
1051:
1049:Meta-reflection
1042:
1009:
992:
984:
899:teacher trainer
845:
821:
819:
809:
784:
772:
771:Occupation type
749:
717:
706:
700:
697:
682:
666:
655:
635:
589:
547:
527:
514:
463:
431:
426:
392:
375:
368:
360:
297:
235:Factor analysis
179:Performing arts
154:Early childhood
123:Teaching method
28:
23:
22:
18:Teaching degree
15:
12:
11:
5:
5317:
5307:
5306:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5275:
5265:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5223:
5217:
5215:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5094:Norfolk Island
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:American Samoa
5045:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5019:of New Zealand
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4901:Sint Eustatius
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Cayman Islands
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4664:European Union
4660:
4658:
4657:Other entities
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4611:other entities
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4562:United Kingdom
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4375:Czech Republic
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3895:
3882:
3873:
3859:Canary Islands
3855:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3428:
3423:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3303:Primary school
3297:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Cognitive load
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Evidence-based
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2621:By perspective
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2495:(2): 205â217.
2479:
2468:(2): 125â142.
2448:
2435:
2420:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2349:
2340:
2322:
2302:
2292:
2278:
2266:
2252:
2239:
2224:
2199:
2172:(4): 177â193.
2152:
2140:
2127:
2118:
2099:(4): 915â946.
2083:
2074:
2060:
2031:(3): 272â284.
2015:
1996:(3): 195â202.
1980:
1951:(3): 272â284.
1931:
1894:
1881:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1794:(638): 41â58.
1788:NASSP Bulletin
1778:
1745:
1730:
1724:978-3844384697
1723:
1705:
1681:
1648:
1625:
1590:
1567:
1550:
1533:
1507:
1484:
1419:
1360:
1349:. May 17, 2007
1331:
1312:(4): 497â519.
1292:
1285:
1267:
1222:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1180:Normal schools
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1102:
1099:
1089:In India, the
1078:
1075:
1062:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1008:
1005:
991:
988:
983:
980:
964:
963:
956:
953:
946:
945:
944:
937:
934:
933:into teaching,
927:
924:
868:
867:
846:
843:
840:
839:
822:
817:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
803:
800:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
782:
779:
778:
773:
770:
767:
766:
763:
759:
758:
748:
745:
719:
718:
669:
667:
660:
654:
651:
634:
631:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
588:
585:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
546:
543:
538:
537:
534:
531:
526:
523:
513:
510:
509:
508:
504:
500:
497:
462:
459:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
410:
402:
391:
388:
374:
371:
370:
369:
359:
356:
299:
298:
296:
295:
288:
281:
273:
270:
269:
268:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
230:Evidence-based
227:
222:
217:
209:
208:
204:
203:
202:
201:
196:
191:
189:Social science
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
133:
132:
128:
127:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5316:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5284:
5276:
5274:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5226:French Guiana
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5089:New Caledonia
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Easter Island
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4808:
4802:
4801:United States
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4675:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Faroe Islands
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:South Ossetia
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Liechtenstein
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:South Ossetia
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
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3779:
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3774:
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3709:
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3699:
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3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:Guinea-Bissau
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
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3606:
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3569:
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3559:
3556:
3554:
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3530:
3526:
3519:
3515:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3453:Undergraduate
3451:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3378:Middle school
3376:
3375:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3330:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Project-based
3141:
3139:
3138:Problem-based
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Demonstration
3096:
3094:
3093:Contemplative
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
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3069:
3066:
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3056:
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3051:
3047:
3044:
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3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:Homeschooling
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
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2925:
2923:
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2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
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2890:
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2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Environmental
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:Instructional
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Psychometrics
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2475:
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2459:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2431:
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2414:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2296:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1742:. Peter Lang.
1741:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
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1613:
1609:
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1594:
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1571:
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1468:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1380:(18): 11809.
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1243:on 2007-07-08
1239:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1181:
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1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:Normal school
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1074:
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1068:
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1046:
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1033:
1029:
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1023:
1019:
1015:
1004:
1002:
998:
987:
979:
977:
973:
969:
961:
957:
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951:
947:
942:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
906:
902:
900:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
847:
841:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
815:
811:
805:
801:
797:
792:
789:
786:
780:
777:
774:
768:
764:
760:
755:
744:
742:
736:
732:
728:
724:
715:
712:
704:
694:
690:
686:
680:
679:
675:
670:This section
668:
664:
659:
658:
650:
648:
639:
630:
628:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
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584:
580:
578:
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567:
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560:
559:
558:
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542:
535:
532:
529:
528:
522:
520:
505:
501:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
418:
414:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
397:
396:
395:
387:
383:
379:
367:
362:
361:
355:
353:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
294:
289:
287:
282:
280:
275:
274:
272:
271:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
250:Meta-analysis
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
211:
210:
206:
205:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
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170:
167:
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162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
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142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
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96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
5253:
5209:Dependencies
5040:Dependencies
5026:Cook Islands
4906:Sint Maarten
4886:Saint Martin
4600:Transnistria
4232:Dependencies
4162:Turkmenistan
4127:Saudi Arabia
3898:Saint Helena
3869:
3773:South Africa
3763:Sierra Leone
3568:Burkina Faso
3460:Postgraduate
3276:Kindergarten
3128:Personalized
3108:Experiential
3068:Teacher look
2921:
2777:Agricultural
2633:Anthropology
2531:
2522:
2509:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2295:
2281:
2242:
2216:. Retrieved
2214:. 2021-11-08
2211:
2202:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2143:
2130:
2121:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2063:
2028:
2024:
2018:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1910:(1): 27â51.
1907:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1884:
1852:(1): 20â32.
1849:
1845:
1826:
1816:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1767:cite journal
1758:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1576:
1570:
1553:
1536:
1527:
1523:
1510:
1493:
1487:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
1334:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1276:
1270:
1245:. Retrieved
1238:the original
1225:
1205:
1200:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1010:
993:
985:
976:trade unions
968:universities
965:
907:
903:
895:
871:
844:Related jobs
799:Competencies
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:
707:
701:January 2015
698:
683:Please help
671:
644:
624:
594:
590:
581:
574:
556:
552:
548:
539:
515:
472:
464:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
429:Organization
416:
412:
404:
398:
393:
384:
380:
376:
348:
315:
311:
310:
117:
5283:WikiProject
4973:New Zealand
4876:Puerto Rico
4786:Saint Lucia
4736:El Salvador
4638:Isle of Man
4573:recognition
4547:Switzerland
4482:Netherlands
4291:Asia portal
4192:States with
4112:Philippines
4052:South Korea
4047:North Korea
3942:Afghanistan
3825:recognition
3778:South Sudan
3668:Ivory Coast
3384:High school
3181:Definitions
3058:Lesson plan
2947:Alternative
2852:Mathematics
2822:Engineering
1668:(2): 1â10.
1606:(4): 3â15.
1530:(1): 68â77.
1353:December 7,
1150:Pedeutology
1071:Netherlands
794:Description
562:not enough.
245:Focus group
215:Case method
174:Mathematics
159:Engineering
40:Disciplines
4871:Montserrat
4866:Martinique
4861:Guadeloupe
4716:Costa Rica
4517:San Marino
4477:Montenegro
4457:Luxembourg
4437:Kazakhstan
4340:Azerbaijan
4172:Uzbekistan
4147:Tajikistan
4062:Kyrgyzstan
4042:Kazakhstan
3962:Bangladesh
3952:Azerbaijan
3880:(Portugal)
3838:Somaliland
3758:Seychelles
3723:Mozambique
3708:Mauritania
3693:Madagascar
3648:The Gambia
3583:Cape Verde
3436:Continuing
3426:Vocational
3031:Curriculum
2965:Democratic
2937:Vocational
2927:Technology
2887:Philosophy
2769:By subject
2747:Technology
2727:Psychology
2712:Philosophy
2702:Leadership
2643:Evaluation
2638:Assessment
2432:: 288â299.
2218:2022-02-19
1699:2020-09-22
1247:2009-08-17
1193:References
1155:ResearchED
1026:geographer
1014:researcher
1001:assessment
887:curriculum
825:University
820:employment
776:Profession
757:Occupation
468:deontology
461:Curriculum
364:See also:
199:Vocational
194:Technology
83:Technology
73:Psychology
68:Philosophy
58:Evaluation
5198:Venezuela
5143:Argentina
4943:Australia
4856:Greenland
4771:Nicaragua
4746:Guatemala
4628:Gibraltar
4452:Lithuania
4258:Hong Kong
4212:Palestine
4137:Sri Lanka
4132:Singapore
4012:Indonesia
3713:Mauritius
3269:Preschool
3169:Wikimedia
2907:Religious
2832:Euthenics
2817:Economics
2797:Chemistry
2787:Bilingual
2742:Sociology
2697:Inclusion
2677:Economics
2575:Education
2194:148681792
2186:0013-189X
2055:143701923
2033:CiteSeerX
2010:145800637
1975:143701923
1953:CiteSeerX
1925:10059/390
1876:145581883
1854:CiteSeerX
1808:144066549
1620:142315421
1479:252009527
1453:0047-2891
1396:1661-7827
1326:143369796
1040:Modelling
941:didactics
849:Professor
818:Fields of
788:Education
672:does not
577:retention
406:induction
390:Continuum
340:classroom
332:behaviors
328:attitudes
324:knowledge
322:with the
5298:Category
5273:Category
5188:Suriname
5178:Paraguay
5163:Colombia
4958:Kiribati
4821:Anguilla
4756:Honduras
4726:Dominica
4701:Barbados
4648:Svalbard
4633:Guernsey
4580:Abkhazia
4532:Slovenia
4527:Slovakia
4502:Portugal
4360:Bulgaria
4281:Category
4202:Abkhazia
4152:Thailand
4107:Pakistan
4087:Mongolia
4082:Maldives
4077:Malaysia
3977:Cambodia
3904: /
3900: /
3893:(France)
3887: /
3865: /
3861: /
3813:Zimbabwe
3788:Tanzania
3638:Ethiopia
3633:Eswatini
3613:Djibouti
3578:Cameroon
3563:Botswana
3153:Socratic
3113:Feedback
2999:Concepts
2892:Physical
2862:Military
2842:Language
2792:Business
2732:Research
2722:Politics
2707:Pedagogy
2602:Glossary
2587:Overview
2516:outcomes
2300:131â148.
2289:outcomes
2249:outcomes
2113:14682751
1471:36053439
1414:36142079
1256:cite web
1215:Archived
1145:Pedagogy
1119:See also
1069:and the
1067:Flanders
1018:academic
931:research
923:as such,
891:pedagogy
857:lecturer
853:academic
741:gravitas
320:teachers
169:Literacy
164:Language
144:Business
5193:Uruguay
5168:Ecuador
5148:Bolivia
5109:Tokelau
5008:Vanuatu
4851:Curaçao
4836:Bonaire
4831:Bermuda
4761:Jamaica
4741:Grenada
4696:Bahamas
4557:Ukraine
4507:Romania
4467:Moldova
4425:Ireland
4420:Iceland
4415:Hungary
4405:Germany
4400:Georgia
4390:Finland
4385:Estonia
4380:Denmark
4365:Croatia
4350:Belgium
4345:Belarus
4335:Austria
4330:Armenia
4325:Andorra
4320:Albania
4177:Vietnam
4092:Myanmar
4072:Lebanon
4002:Georgia
3957:Bahrain
3947:Armenia
3889:RĂ©union
3885:Mayotte
3876:Madeira
3871:(Spain)
3867:Melilla
3798:Tunisia
3768:Somalia
3753:Senegal
3738:Nigeria
3728:Namibia
3718:Morocco
3683:Liberia
3678:Lesotho
3628:Eritrea
3598:Comoros
3573:Burundi
3548:Algeria
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3041:Studies
2922:Teacher
2912:Science
2902:Reading
2897:Physics
2872:Nursing
2857:Medical
2692:History
2612:Outline
2594:General
1462:9596519
1405:9517642
1022:chemist
972:schools
865:teacher
693:removed
678:sources
424:Initial
358:History
207:Methods
184:Science
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63:History
5173:Guyana
5153:Brazil
5084:Hawaii
5003:Tuvalu
4776:Panama
4766:Mexico
4711:Canada
4706:Belize
4643:Jersey
4585:Kosovo
4552:Turkey
4542:Sweden
4522:Serbia
4512:Russia
4497:Poland
4492:Norway
4472:Monaco
4442:Latvia
4410:Greece
4395:France
4370:Cyprus
4222:Taiwan
4157:Turkey
4122:Russia
4057:Kuwait
4037:Jordan
4027:Israel
3987:Cyprus
3972:Brunei
3967:Bhutan
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3808:Zambia
3803:Uganda
3743:Rwanda
3698:Malawi
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4978:Palau
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4826:Aruba
4751:Haiti
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4462:Malta
4432:Italy
4263:Macau
4182:Yemen
4142:Syria
4117:Qatar
4097:Nepal
4032:Japan
4007:India
3997:Egypt
3982:China
3863:Ceuta
3783:Sudan
3733:Niger
3688:Libya
3673:Kenya
3653:Ghana
3643:Gabon
3618:Egypt
3558:Benin
3206:Texts
3176:Books
2877:Peace
2867:Music
2847:Legal
2807:Death
2607:Index
2190:S2CID
2109:S2CID
2051:S2CID
2006:S2CID
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