Sufism - Knowledge

3984: 6834:"Sufi practices are merely attempts to attain psychic states—for their own sake—though it is claimed the pursuit represents seeking closeness to God, and that the achieved magical powers are gifts of advanced spirituality. For several reasons, Sufism was generally looked upon as heretical among Muslim scholars. Among the deviations introduced by the Sufis was the tendency to believe the daily prayers to be only for the masses who had not achieved deeper spiritual knowledge, but could be disregarded by those more advanced spiritually. The Sufis introduced the practice of congregational Dhikr, or religious oral exercises, consisting of a continuous repetition of the name of God. These practices were unknown to early Islam, and consequently regarded as Bid'ah, meaning "unfounded innovation". Also, many of the Sufis adopted the practice of total Tawakkul, or complete "trust" or "dependence" on God, by avoiding all kinds of labor or commerce, refusing medical care when they were ill, and living by begging." 5030:(c. 1058 – 1111), full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsiyy al-Ġazzālīy was a Sunni Muslim polymath. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential Sufi, jurisconsult, legal theoretician, mufti, philosopher, theologian, logician and mystic in Islamic history. He is considered to be the 11th century's mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who appears once every 100 years. Al-Ghazali's works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that he was awarded the honorific title "Proof of Islam". He was a prominent mujtahid in the Shafi'i school of law. His magnum opus is Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences"). His works include Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers"), a landmark in the history of philosophy. 4709:(830–910) was one of the great early Sufis. His practice of Sufism was considered dry and sober unlike some of the more ecstatic behaviours of other Sufis during his life. His order was the Junaydiyya, which links to the golden chain of many Sufi orders. He laid the groundwork for sober mysticism in contrast to that of God-intoxicated Sufis like al-Hallaj, Bayazid Bastami and Abusaeid Abolkheir. During the trial of al-Hallaj, his former disciple, the Caliph of the time demanded his fatwa. In response, he issued this fatwa: "From the outward appearance he is to die and we judge according to the outward appearance and God knows better". He is referred to by Sufis as Sayyid-ut Taifa—i.e., the leader of the group. He lived and died in the city of Baghdad. 9842: 3842:), he is spiritually reborn to the truth. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus testifying to God's unity. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm is directed to the sky, ready to receive God's beneficence; his left hand, upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. The semazen conveys God's spiritual gift to those who are witnessing the Sema. Revolving from right to left around the heart, the semazen embraces all humanity with love. The human being has been created with love in order to love. Mevlâna Jalâluddîn Rumi says, "All loves are a bridge to Divine love. Yet, those who have not had a taste of it do not know!" 2727:, liberal nationalists, and, some decades later, socialist movements in the Muslim world. Sufi orders were accused of fostering popular superstitions, resisting modern intellectual attitudes, and standing in the way of progressive reforms. Ideological attacks on Sufism were reinforced by agrarian and educational reforms, as well as new forms of taxation, which were instituted by Westernizing national governments, undermining the economic foundations of Sufi orders. The extent to which Sufi orders declined in the first half of the 20th century varied from country to country, but by the middle of the century the very survival of the orders and traditional Sufi lifestyle appeared doubtful to many observers. 3022: 4612:: Sufism says: abandonment, then adornment, then manifestation, abandonment of reprehensible morals, and liberation from the shackles of the dark forces in the soul of lust, anger, and envy, the morals of animals, wild beasts, and demons. Then have good morals, and enlighten the heart and soul with the light of our Master, the Messenger of God and his family, then the lights of God will be revealed to the eyes of the heart after erasing the veils that were blocking the heart from viewing and enjoying them. This is the highest bliss for the people of Paradise. With it, God honors the elite of His beloved servants in this abode, each according to his luck and share from the Messenger of God. 6653: 13071:"Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists would develop the thesis that Sufism and Islam were separate religious phenomena. The effect on Sufism in the West was twofold. The first impacted on the academic study of Sufism and the second on the development of Sufism as a religious form in Europe and North America. The separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots led to an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical literature at the expense of the lived religion practised throughout the Muslim world and perceived as part and parcel of a normative Islamic worldview, even if deeply contested in the Muslim majority world." 3539:), and to embrace with certainty its tenets. The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. (The way in which this purification of the heart is achieved is outlined in certain books, but must be prescribed in detail by a Sufi master.) The seeker must also be trained to prevent the corruption of those good deeds which have accrued to his or her credit by overcoming the traps of ostentation, pride, arrogance, envy, and long hopes (meaning the hope for a long life allowing us to mend our ways later, rather than immediately, here and now). 2859: 2704: 2391: 3468: 3744:—my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek". Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence—Allâh—and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is "Essence without likeness". The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, Encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you". And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be". 3150:. Fariduddin Attar stated, "Muhammad is the exemplar to both worlds, the guide of the descendants of Adam. He is the sun of creation, the moon of the celestial spheres, the all-seeing eye...The seven heavens and the eight gardens of paradise were created for him; he is both the eye and the light in the light of our eyes." Sufis have historically stressed the importance of Muhammad's perfection and his ability to intercede. The persona of Muhammad has historically been and remains an integral and critical aspect of Sufi belief and practice. Bayazid Bastami is recorded to have been so devoted to the 3346: 7239: 3207: 6839: 3712: 71: 4332: 3760: 2969: 3268:, the existential confession that God is One. Ibn Arabi says, "When we see someone in this Community who claims to be able to guide others to God, but is remiss in but one rule of the Sacred Law—even if he manifests miracles that stagger the mind—asserting that his shortcoming is a special dispensation for him, we do not even turn to look at him, for such a person is not a sheikh, nor is he speaking the truth, for no one is entrusted with the secrets of God Most High save one in whom the ordinances of the Sacred Law are preserved. ( 4959:

of renowned Sufi teachers and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent and understanding. His primary teacher was Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi, who initiated him into the spiritual path. His approach to Sufism emphasized inner contemplation, discipline, and a focus on the unseen. He advocated for a balanced lifestyle, combining spiritual practices with worldly responsibilities. His teachings were rooted in the Quran and the Sunnah, and he emphasized the importance of following the example of the Prophet Muhammad.

4906: 2627: 3365: 3301:, narrated a tradition in which a man asked Malik "about something in the inward science", to which Malik replied: "Truly none knows the inward science except those who know the outward science! When he knows the outward science and puts it into practice, God shall open for him the inward science – and that will not take place except by the opening of his heart and its enlightenment." In other similar traditions, it is related that Malik said: "He who practices Sufism ( 2256: 4107: 2381:

I resorted to my intrinsic proclivity. During these turbulent years, numerous astonishing and indescribable secrets of life were unveiled to me. I was convinced that the group of Aulia (holy mystics) is the only truthful group who follow the right path, display best conduct and surpass all sages in their wisdom and insight. They derive all their overt or covert behaviour from the illumining guidance of the holy Prophet, the only guidance worth quest and pursuit.

26696: 21684: 6103: 3871: 26732: 6890:, an American think-tank, issued a major report titled "Building Moderate Muslim Networks", which urged the US government to form links with and bolster Muslim groups that opposed Islamist extremism. The report stressed the Sufi role as moderate traditionalists open to change, and thus as allies against violence. News organisations such as the BBC, Economist and Boston Globe have also seen Sufism as a means to deal with violent Muslim extremists. 26706: 15192: 4783: 4972: 2530: 6908:"stresses that Sufism lies behind and before systematization; that 'our wine existed before what you call the grape and the vine' (the school and the system)..." Shah's views have however been rejected by modern scholars. Such modern trends of neo-Sufis in Western countries allow non-Muslims to receive "instructions on following the Sufi path", not without opposition by Muslims who consider such instruction outside the sphere of Islam. 4539:: which is concerned with knowing the thoughts and conversations of souls. In the hadith: (Fear the insight of the believer, for he sees with the light of God), and it depends on his strength. Proximity and knowledge. The stronger the closeness and the more knowledgeable the knowledge becomes, the more accurate the insight becomes, because if the soul is close to the presence of the truth, nothing but the truth often appears in it. 3905:) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools, and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. Throughout history most Sufi saints have stressed that musical instruments are forbidden. However some Sufi Saints permitted and encouraged it, whilst maintaining that musical instruments and female voices should not be introduced, although these are common practice today. 1398: 4795: 6141: 7011: 4092:. From the twelfth to the fourteenth century, "the general veneration of saints, among both people and sovereigns, reached its definitive form with the organization of Sufism ... into orders or brotherhoods." In the common expressions of Islamic piety of this period, the saint was understood to be "a contemplative whose state of spiritual perfection ... permanent expression in the teaching bequeathed to his disciples." 26744: 21673: 6127: 1284: 621: 15437: 6230:, led to a long trial. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly beheaded on March 26, 922. He is still revered by Sufis for his willingness to embrace torture and death rather than recant. It is said that during his prayers, he would say "O Lord! You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. If I am a heretic, enlarge my heresy". 6116: 4620:: It is seeking blessing from God through legitimate reasons, the greatest of which is begging Him for that by which one has been blessed, whether it is a person, an effect, or a place. This blessing, as they believe, is sought by being exposed to it in its proper place by turning to God and supplicating to Him. They cite as evidence the many stories of the Companions’ blessings of the Prophet Muhammad. 4644: 6818: 3118: 2268: 11941: 3507: 14712: 6187:(or Ibn al-'Arabi) (AH 561 – AH 638; July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) is regarded as one of the most influential Sufi masters in the history of Sufism, revered for his profound spiritual insight, refined taste, and deep knowledge of God. Over the centuries, he has been honored with the title "The Grand Master" (Arabic: الشيخ الأكبر). Ibn Arabi also founded the Sufi order known as " 683: 4357:), and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path. This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and 6937:(Critical Study of Indian Speech: Rationally Acceptable or Rejected) discusses the similarity of some Sufism concepts with aspects of Hinduism, such as: Atma with ruh, tanasukh with reincarnation, Mokhsha with Fanafillah, Ittihad with Nirvana: union between Paramatma in Jivatma, Avatar or Incarnation with Hulul, Vedanta with Wahdatul Ujud, Mujahadah with Sadhana. 6826:

literature" in the academic study of Sufism at the expense of the lived practises in Islam, as well as a separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots in the development of Sufism as a religious form in the West. Figures like Rumi have become well known in the United States, where Sufism is perceived as a peaceful and apolitical form of Islam.

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that the divine attributes of God are manifested through Muhammad. Ibn Arabi maintains that Muhammad is the best proof of God, and by knowing Muhammad one knows God. Ibn Arabi also maintains that Muhammad is the master of all of humanity in both this world and the afterlife. In this view, Islam is the best religion because Muhammad is Islam.

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object to destiny and do not They are satisfied with God's ruling, their trust is diminished, and they rely with their hearts on the reasons, for they are their scene and the subject of their consideration, and their view is not that God Almighty is the one who disposes, gives, and prevents.. Most people live as captives of their souls.

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instance, much Sufi poetry refers to intoxication, which Islam expressly forbids. This usage of indirect language and the existence of interpretations by people who had no training in Islam or Sufism led to doubts being cast over the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. Also, some groups emerged that considered themselves above the

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times, it has been increasingly used by scholars like Mark Sedgwick in the opposite sense, to describe various forms of Sufi-influenced spirituality in the West, in particular the deconfessionalized spiritual movements which emphasize universal elements of the Sufi tradition and de-emphasize its Islamic context.

3876: 3875: 3872: 3100:, for 20 years, until as-Samasi died. He is said to then have served several other teachers for lengthy periods of time. He is said to have helped the poorer members of the community for many years, and after this concluded his teacher directed him to care for animals cleaning their wounds, and assisting them. 1638:", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". 3877: 4958:

was a prominent Sufi master of the 14th century, renowned for founding the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Born in 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan near Bukhara, Uzbekistan, he was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. His early life was marked by a deep spiritual inclination. He sought out the guidance

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is said to have castigated himself before her superior merits and sincere virtues. Rabi'a was born of very poor origin, but was captured by bandits at a later age and sold into slavery. She was however released by her master when he awoke one night to see the light of sanctity shining above her head.

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However, defying these predictions, Sufism and Sufi orders have continued to play a major role in the Muslim world, also expanding into Muslim-minority countries. Its ability to articulate an inclusive Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially

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The vicissitudes of life, family affairs and financial constraints engulfed my life and deprived me of the congenial solitude. The heavy odds confronted me and provided me with few moments for my pursuits. This state of affairs lasted for ten years, but whenever I had some spare and congenial moments

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Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists treated Sufism and Islam as distinct subjects, leading to "an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical

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for such knowledge to be obtained (if at all), given proper prerequisites and proper guidance by a master of the way. Furthermore, the emphasis on practices may obscure a far more important fact: The seeker is, in a sense, to become a broken person, stripped of all habits through the practice of (in

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by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions

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On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier (or from the arts to the Artisan). In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active self-disclosure

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My servant draws near to Me through nothing I love more than that which I have made obligatory for him. My servant never ceases drawing near to Me through supererogatory works until I love him. Then, when I love him, I am his hearing through which he hears, his sight through which he sees, his hand

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for human beings to aspire to emulate. Ibn Arabi believes that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world and that the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names are seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believes that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad, meaning

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His aspiration preceded all other aspirations, his existence preceded nothingness, and his name preceded the Pen, because he existed before all peoples. There is not in the horizons, beyond the horizons or below the horizons, anyone more elegant, more noble, more knowing, more just, more fearsome,

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The devotional practices of Sufis vary widely. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). Additionally, the seeker ought to be firmly grounded in supererogatory practices known from

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Existing in both Sunni and Shia Islam, Sufism is not a distinct sect, as is sometimes erroneously assumed, but a method of approaching or a way of understanding the religion, which strives to take the regular practice of the religion to the "supererogatory level" through simultaneously "fulfilling

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Within the Sufi tradition, the formation of the orders did not immediately produce lineages of master and disciple. There are few examples before the eleventh century of complete lineages going back to the Prophet Muhammad. Yet the symbolic importance of these lineages was immense: they provided a

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Practitioners of Sufism hold that in its early stages of development Sufism effectively referred to nothing more than the internalization of Islam. According to one perspective, it is directly from the Qur'an, constantly recited, meditated, and experienced, that Sufism proceeded, in its origin and

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In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Abdul Basit who was the High Commissioner of Pakistan to India at that time, while inaugurating the exhibition of Farkhananda Khan ‘Fida’ said, "There is no barrier of words or explanation about the paintings or

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Naqshbandi order became one of the most influential Sufi orders in Islamic history. It spread throughout Central Asia, the Middle East, and eventually to South Asia and the West. The order's emphasis on spiritual discipline, inner work, and social engagement resonated with many seekers. Bahauddin

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and used by other scholars to describe reformist currents among 18th century Sufi orders, whose goal was to remove some of the more ecstatic and pantheistic elements of the Sufi tradition and reassert the importance of Islamic law as the basis for inner spirituality and social activism. In recent

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As a mystic and ascetic aspect of Islam, it is considered as the part of Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of the inner self. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties"

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In the hadith (Whoever knows himself knows his Lord), the Sufis said: Whoever knows himself with imperfection, need, and servitude, knows his Lord with perfection, richness, and divinity, but few people know themselves in this sense and see it as it really is, so most people dispute divinity and

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In short, Muslim scholars who focused their energies on understanding the normative guidelines for the body came to be known as jurists, and those who held that the most important task was to train the mind in achieving correct understanding came to be divided into three main schools of thought:

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stated, "He who chooses a path contrary to that of the prophet shall never reach the destination. O Saadi, do not think that one can treat that way of purity except in the wake of the chosen one." Rumi attributes his self-control and abstinence from worldly desires as qualities attained by him

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The literature of Sufism emphasizes highly subjective matters that resist outside observation, such as the subtle states of the heart. Often these resist direct reference or description, with the consequence that the authors of various Sufi treatises took recourse to allegorical language. For

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The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and

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As a further example, the prospective adherent of the Mevlevi Order would have been ordered to serve in the kitchens of a hospice for the poor for 1001 days prior to being accepted for spiritual instruction, and a further 1,001 days in solitary retreat as a precondition of completing that

4592:: In Sufism there must be a spiritual influence, which comes through the Sheikh who took the method from his Sheikh until the chain of reception reaches in a continuous chain of transmission from the Sheikh to the Messenger Muhammad. They say: He who has no sheikh, his sheikh is Satan. 6874:, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." Likewise, several governments and organisations have advocated the promotion of Sufism as a means of combating intolerant and 3874: 3332:

summit at Mecca in December 2005, and by six other international Islamic scholarly assemblies including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of Jeddah, in July 2006. The definition of Sufism can vary drastically between different traditions (what may be intended is simple

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The rise of Islamic civilization coincides strongly with the spread of Sufi philosophy in Islam. The spread of Sufism has been considered a definitive factor in the spread of Islam, and in the creation of integrally Islamic cultures, especially in Africa and Asia. The

6997:. Inayat Khan believed that the God worshipped by Sufis is not specific to any particular religion or creed, but is the same God worshipped by people of all beliefs. This God is not limited by any name, whether it be Allah, God, Gott, Dieu, Khuda, Brahma, or Bhagwan. 4569:: There are three basic stages of the soul, as Sufi wisdom states, as well as various verses from the Qur’an. Sufism calls them “stages” in continuous processes of development and refinement. In addition to the three main stages, four additional stages are mentioned. 3384:

For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. Some scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, helped its propagation while other scholars opposed it.

1817:, one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad; therefore, a spiritual connection between the seeker and Muhammad is established. It is through Muhammad that Sufis aim to learn about, understand and connect with God. Ali is regarded as one of the major figures amongst the 4923:("Benefactor of the Poor"), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the Indian subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, 7177:. In the book, he evidences a great appreciation for, and affinity to, Sufism. Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in 2956:, the French scholar, became a Sufi in the early twentieth century and was known as Sheikh Abdul Wahid Yahya. His manifold writings defined the practice of Sufism as the essence of Islam, but also pointed to the universality of its message. Spiritualists, such as 4935:(each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. Moinuddin Chishtī turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in which Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay at Lahore, he reached 4253:, a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". Historically, a "belief in the miracles of saints ( 1630:

has argued against such distinctions, stating, in the Medieval period Sufism and Islam were more or less the same. In modern scholarly usage, the term serves to describe a wide range of social, cultural, political and religious phenomena associated with Sufis.

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Unfortunately, the name "Qawwali" is now only used if there is an addition of musical instruments and at times with the "add on" of dancing and whirling depending on the mood of those present. Musical instruments are forbidden. And so is dancing if it is with

3142:) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets." 3739:

He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times:

6354:(d. 465/1072), an indispensable reference book for those who study and specialize in Islamic mysticism. It is considered as one of the most popular Sufi manuals and has served as a primary textbook for many generations of Sufi novices to the present. 3029:

To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the

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A number of Westerners have embarked with varying degrees of success on the path of Sufism. One of the first to return to Europe as an official representative of a Sufi order, and with the specific purpose to spread Sufism in Western Europe, was the

2465:). Contrary to popular perception in the West, however, neither the founders of these orders nor their followers ever considered themselves to be anything other than orthodox Sunni Muslims, and in fact all of these orders were attached to one of the 7217:, in its entry on Sufism, states that the revival of Jewish mysticism in Muslim countries is probably due to the spread of Sufism in the same geographical areas. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent 7257:

is considered one of the most influential figures of Sufism, as well as one of the greatest poets of all time. He has become one of the most widely read poets in the United States, thanks largely to the interpretative translations published by

4600:: The disciple pledges allegiance to the guide, and pledges to walk with him on the path of abandoning faults, displaying good qualities, achieving the pillar of benevolence, and advancing in his stations. It is like a promise and covenant. 3546:

for gaining knowledge. The traditional scholars of Sufism hold it as absolutely axiomatic that knowledge of God is not a psychological state generated through breath control. Thus, practice of "techniques" is not the cause, but instead the

3983: 4877:). He taught that his followers need not abstain from what Islam has not forbidden, but to be grateful for what God has bestowed upon them, in contrast to the majority of Sufis, who preach to deny oneself and to destroy the ego-self ( 6528: 4482:: It is a light that comes to those who walk in their journey to God. He reveals to them the veil of sense, and removes from them the causes of matter as a result of the striving, seclusion and remembrance they take themselves with. 3394:

theology, philosophy, and Sufism. This leaves us with the third domain of human existence, the spirit. Most Muslims who devoted their major efforts to developing the spiritual dimensions of the human person came to be known as Sufis.

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Sufism is the esoteric or inward dimension of Islam Islamic esoterism is, however not exhausted by Sufism but the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of Islamic esotericism is to be found in

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are thought of as faculties that are to be purified sequentially in order to bring the seeker's wayfaring to completion. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by

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Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. It took on a particularly violent form in the 18th century with the emergence of the

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Since the first Muslim hagiographies were written during the period when Sufism began its rapid expansion, many of the figures who later came to be regarded as the major saints in Sunni Islam were the early Sufi mystics, like

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The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile

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with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period.

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and others. Spiritual experiences were desired by Sufis through Sama, listening to poetry or Islamic mystical verses with the use of different musical instruments, aiming to attain ecstasy in divine love of Allah and his

3057:. However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of 10953:

Radtke, B.; Lory, P.; Zarcone, Th.; DeWeese, D.; Gaborieau, M.; Denny, F.M.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J.O.; Mchugh, N. (2012). "Walī". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8334:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.12: "Mystics on the other hand-and Sufism is a kind of mysticism-are by definition concerned above all with 'the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven'". 6600: 5699: 12387:

Sheikh Shihabuddin Abu Hafs Suhrawardi was a great scholar who wrote the Awarif al-Ma'arif (The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), which became one of the most popular Sufi books for seekers to read, memorize, and study

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that described ethical and spiritual goals and functioned as teaching tools for their attainment. Many other terms that described particular spiritual qualities and roles were used instead in more practical contexts.

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See Sefer Hammaspiq, "Happerishuth", Chapter 11 ("Ha-mmaʿaḇāq") s.v. hithbonen efo be-masoreth mufla'a zo, citing the Talmudic explanation of Jeremiah 13:27 in Chagigah 5b; in Rabbi Yaakov Wincelberg's translation,

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Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W.C.; Jong, F. de; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise (2012). "Taṣawwuf". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

6207:(the Oneness of Being). He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. As he expressed the Way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that 'you should never ever abandon your servant-hood ( 2657:

Between the 13th and 16th centuries, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Renaissance" whose physical artifacts survive. In many places a person or group would endow a

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Naqshband died in 1389, leaving behind a rich legacy of spiritual teachings and practices. His influence continues to be felt today, as the Naqshbandi order remains a vibrant and active force in the Islamic world.

4390:

Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For instance, the doctrine of "subtle centers" or centers of subtle cognition (known as

3080:. Although approaches to teaching vary among different Sufi orders, Sufism as a whole is primarily concerned with direct personal experience, and as such has sometimes been compared to other, non-Islamic forms of 5326: 3873: 12417:. He wrote 'Awarif al-ma'arif (which can be translated variously as The Benefits of the Spiritually Learned or The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), one of the most popular Sufi textbooks for later generations. 2274:, a "dancing" monument, built over the grave of the Sufi ascetic Amu Abdullah Suqla in 12th century. A person stands on top and shakes one minaret, causing the second minaret to move with the same oscillation. 6547: 1852:

notes that during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as

4676:

O God! If I worship You for fear of Hell, burn me in Hell, and if I worship You in hope of Paradise, exclude me from Paradise. But if I worship You for Your Own sake, grudge me not Your everlasting Beauty.

2674:) to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the 7135:

and which bear the same titles: e.g., "Bab al-Tawakkul"; "Bab al-Taubah"; "Bab al-Muḥasabah"; "Bab al-Tawaḍu'"; "Bab al-Zuhd". In the ninth gate, Baḥya directly quotes sayings of the Sufis, whom he calls

4339:

Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.

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Opposed to the dry casuistry of the lawyer-divines, the mystics nevertheless scrupulously observed the commands of the divine law. the mystics belonged to all schools of Islamic law and theology of the

6383: 6285: 4583:, and are explained here according to their use among particular Sufi groups. These six subtleties are believed to be part of the self in a similar way to the way glands and organs are part of the body. 3091:

Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time. An example is the folk story about

6280: 2016:

channel to divine authority through master-disciple chains. It was through such chains of masters and disciples that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to both general and special devotees.

1805:. The Hand of God is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with God, He will bestow on him a great reward. — 1821:

who have directly pledged allegiance to Muhammad, and Sufis maintain that through Ali, knowledge about Muhammad and a connection with Muhammad may be attained. Such a concept may be understood by the

2517:

are continuously disregarded by scholars as conveying the fallacious image that "Sufism" is somehow distinct from "Islam". Nile Green has observed that, in the Middle Ages, Sufism more or less was

6191:" (Arabic: الأكبرية), which remains active to this day. The order, based in Cairo, Egypt, continues to spread his teachings and principles through its own Sheikh. Ibn Arabi's writings, especially 4759:

order Many extraordinary miracles are attributed to him, as a result, some Sufis, as well as non-Sufis among Sunnis and in the community, doubt it. His genealogy on his father's side goes back to

12318:

Many of 'Abd al-Qādir's writings, sermons and prayers have been preserved; his most celebrated book, al-Ghunya li-tālibī tarīq al-haqq, was for many generations a favourite manual of instruction.

10726:

However, later on this Simaa' was modernized to include dancing and music, thus giving rise to the concept of "whirling dervishes". This is a Bid'ah and is not the creation of orthodox Sufism.

2901:, where it is seen as a mystical expression of Islam. Sufism is traditional in Morocco, but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism under contemporary spiritual teachers such as 10893: 1958:, from the second generation of Sufis in Baghdad, was also an influential early figure, as was Junayd of Baghdad; a number of early practitioners of Sufism were disciples of one of the two. 8125:

Huss, Boaz. "“A Remarkable Resemblance:” Comparative Mysticism and the Study of Sufism and Kabbalah." Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2021): 249–272.

6595: 3013:". The inner law of Sufism consists of rules about repentance from sin, the purging of contemptible qualities and evil traits of character, and adornment with virtues and good character. 1598:

has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. Classical Sufi texts, which stressed certain teachings and practices of the

12860: 6378: 12972: 1899:, for example it was reported Bastami refused to eat a watermelon because he did not find any proof that Muhammad ever ate it. According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet 10594: 6022: 6878:. For example, the Chinese and Russian governments openly favor Sufism as the best means of protecting against Islamist subversion. The British government, especially following the 6485: 3615:

are prescribed for all Muslims and do not require Sufi initiation or the prescription of a Sufi master because they are deemed to be good for every seeker under every circumstance.

5901: 5556: 4943:, and settled down there. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city. Moinuddin Chishtī practiced the Sufi 4458:

order. Frager was a trained psychologist, born in the United States, who converted to Islam in the course of his practice of Sufism and wrote extensively on Sufism and psychology.

4052:, the saint is portrayed as someone "marked by divine favor ... holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work 7473: 4044:) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic 4819:, with Persian roots. Qadiriyya was his patronym. Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, a town just East of Baghdad, also the town of his birth. There, he pursued the study of 5394: 5321: 2369:, Hammad, Abu al-Bayan and others of the later masters— that they do not permit the followers of the Sufi path to depart from the divinely legislated command and prohibition. 1884:

its development. Other practitioners have held that Sufism is the strict emulation of the way of Muhammad, through which the heart's connection to the Divine is strengthened.

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Studies in West African Islamic History: Volume 1: The Cultivators of Islam, Volume 2: The Evolution of Islamic Institutions & Volume 3: The Growth of Arabic Literature

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Dagli, C., Ayduz, S. (2014). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press. p. 267

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Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. She is said to have proclaimed, running down the streets of

1618:

Some modern scholars have used other definitions of Sufism such as "intensification of Islamic faith and practice" and "process of realizing ethical and spiritual ideals".

6542: 5896: 5244: 3177:('Poem of the Mantle'), in which he extensively praised Muhammad. This poem is still widely recited and sung amongst Sufi groups and lay Muslims alike all over the world. 12400: 6366:(d. 505/1111). It is widely regarded as one of the most complete compendiums of Muslim thought and practice ever written, and is among the most influential books in the 5512: 9672:. Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj". 9 May 2005 2104:. However, it was not necessary to formally belong to a tariqa. In the Medieval period, Sufism was almost equal to Islam in general and not limited to specific orders. 6397: 5842: 5551: 5389: 6201:(Divine Unity), though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates. Later those who followed his teaching became known as the school of 5886: 5847: 5249: 3129:

Devotion to Muhammad is the strongest practice within Sufism. Sufis have historically revered Muhammad as the prime personality of spiritual greatness. The Sufi poet

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To Sufis, the outer law consists of rules pertaining to worship, transactions, marriage, judicial rulings, and criminal law—what is often referred to, broadly, as "

21423: 13201: 7395: • "Sufism is that at each moment the servant should be in accord with what is most appropriate (awla) at that moment." ('Amr ibn 'Uthman al-Makki) 5200: 5168: 5155: 2940:. In the twentieth century, some Muslims have called Sufism a superstitious religion which holds back Islamic achievement in the fields of science and technology. 7980: 2571:

from the early medieval period onwards, when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the

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to the tombs of saints, renowned scholars, and righteous people. This is a particularly common practice in South Asia, where famous tombs include such saints as

4424:

tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects) held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the

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and worship. In his pursuits, he earned the nickname "Father of the Pilgrim". His birthday is celebrated today annually in Luxor, with people convening at the

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On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to his signs, from the Artisan to his works. In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction (

2417:

which have continued until the present day. All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the

15470: 6412:(d. 632/1234), was one of the more popular Sufi books of his time, and posthumously it became the standard preparatory text book for Sufi novices around the 10580: 26774: 7623:

Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W. C.; Jong, F. de.; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J. O. (2012) . "Taṣawwuf". In

4663:(died 801) was a mystic who represents countercultural elements of Sufism, especially with regards to the status and power of women. Prominent Sufi leader 2873:

Turkey, Persia and The Indian Subcontinent have all been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. The Bektashi were closely affiliated with the Ottoman

2650: 2568: 21290: 13047: 9811: 6704:, such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of 6303: 4836:

of Iraq. In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher,

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and discussed Sufism as a method of bypassing the rules of Islam in order to attain salvation directly. This was disapproved of by traditional scholars.

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In the modern world, the classical interpretation of Sunni orthodoxy, which sees in Sufism an essential dimension of Islam alongside the disciplines of

2349:, al-Ansari al-Harawi and Abdul-Qadir, and the latter's own shaykh, Hammad al-Dabbas the upright. He cites the early shaykhs (shuyukh al-salaf) such as 1475:. The ultimate aim of Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by endeavoring to return to their original state of purity and natural disposition, known as 23116: 16553: 15758: 12912: 8134:@inproceedings{Peacock2019IslamLA, title={Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia}, author={Andrew A.C.S. Peacock}, year={2019}, url={ 5694: 5481: 5195: 3697:(invocation of Allah within the heartbeats). The basic idea in this practice is to visualize the Allah as having been written on the disciple's heart. 3328:, specifically recognized the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. This was adopted by the Islamic world's political and temporal leaderships at the 15414: 13322: 13022: 6425: 5173: 3275:

It is related, moreover, that Malik, one of the founders of the four schools of Sunni law, was a strong proponent of combining the "inward science" ('

23207: 15974: 15957: 15930: 15746: 15734: 15707: 15643: 15590: 15409: 13352: 8736: 7393: • "Sufism consists of entering every exalted quality (khulq) and leaving behind every despicable quality." (Abu Muhammad al-Jariri) 6573: 7073:

There is evidence that Sufism influenced the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics. In the first writing of this kind, we see

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states that the preceding theories are false according to the point of view of Sufism. The contemporary amateur historian David Livingstone writes:

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which itself opens out on to the Divinity." Academic studies of Sufism confirm that Sufism, as a separate tradition from Islam apart from so-called

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One of the great teaching masters, who developed his uncle's methods, Abu Hafs was responsible for establishing the order that took his name, the

2905:. Mbacke suggests that one reason Sufism has taken hold in Senegal is because it can accommodate local beliefs and customs, which tend toward the 2119:

is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking

1538:, the practice of remembrance of God. Sufis also played an important role in spreading Islam through their missionary and educational activities. 25498: 15883: 15859: 15797: 15695: 15562: 5291: 4492:

means emptying and purification of the aspirant, both internally and externally, from bad morals, reprehensible behavior, and destructive deeds.

2649:. The natural and architectural ensemble, proposed for UNESCO inscription, forms a spatially and topographically self-contained ensemble, and is 2413:

In the eleventh-century, Sufism, which had previously been a less "codified" trend in Islamic piety, began to be "ordered and crystallized" into

14350: 3061:'s grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". 26555: 15989: 15552: 11207:

For a systematic description of the diseases of the heart that are to be overcome in order for this perspective to take root, see Hamza Yusuf,

11108: 10983:. Historical Dictionaries of Africa (4 ed.). Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield. p. 361. 9293:(Dissertation (Master of Science in Religion)) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP. Archived from 7919: 7754: 6509: 6490: 5486: 2567:

Historically, Sufism became "an incredibly important part of Islam" and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in

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painted by Abbas Al-Musavi, which was a violent episode in the disagreement between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam; during this battle,

4114:

In popular Sufism (i.e. devotional practices that have achieved currency in world cultures through Sufi influence), one common practice is to

18170: 15399: 9407: 26507: 23855: 15226: 13562:

The Conceptualization of Guardianship in Iranian Intellectual History (1800–1989): Reading Ibn ʿArabī's Theory of Wilāya in the Shīʿa World

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attested in many faith communities. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows:

3134:

through the guidance of Muhammad. Rumi states, "I 'sewed' my two eyes shut from this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad."

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We should also bear in mind that Sufis emphasize inner development, the inner esoteric meanings of the sacred texts, and the imagination.

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the life of Muhammad (such as the "sunnah prayers"). This is in accordance with the words, attributed to God, of the following, a famous

2817: 15739: 8056: 3834:

In the symbolism of the Sema ritual, the semazen's camel's hair hat (sikke) represents the tombstone of the ego; his wide, white skirt (

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in this life. The chief aim of all Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by working to restore within themselves the primordial state of

25543: 25470: 22641: 21742: 16621: 15969: 12045: 8884: 7146:

did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles.

3941: 1825:, which Sufis regard to be authentic, in which Muhammad said, "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate." Eminent Sufis such as 9710: 8024: 25343: 21720: 21394: 21310: 16156: 15962: 15770: 15763: 15751: 15636: 15624: 15310: 11002:

QUBBA. The Arabic name for the tomb of a holy man... A qubba is usually erected over the grave of a holy man identified variously as

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as saying that "this (Sufism) was a form of wisdom known to and practiced by a succession of sages including the mysterious ancient

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Some teachers, especially when addressing more general audiences, or mixed groups of Muslims and non-Muslims, make extensive use of

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or more compassionate, than the subject of this tale. He is the leader of created beings, the one "whose name is glorious Ahmad". —

1904: 1523: 10476:

Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires: Books XXII and XXIII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences

21374: 21295: 18682: 16743: 16098: 13689: 13662: 12946: 8391:, p. 30. "According to Idries Shah, Sufism is as old as Adam and is the essence of all religions, monotheistic or not." See 3369: 2501:. Thus, it is precisely because it is historically proven that "many of the most eminent defenders of Islamic orthodoxy, such as 1723: 1057: 13628: 12893: 10400:"Hadith 25, 40 Hadith Qudsi - Forty Hadith Qudsi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" 7439: 7332:

Many painters and visual artists have explored the Sufi motif through various disciplines. One of the outstanding pieces in the

4440:), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the 21315: 20205: 18114: 16508: 12475: 23433: 15458: 15315: 1626:

of Islam. It was often mistaken as a universal mysticism in contrast to legalistic orthodox Islam. In recent times, Historian

25654: 21325: 21282: 19682: 17854: 17263: 16753: 16735: 16588: 16538: 14885: 14438: 14382: 14339: 14278: 14257: 14233: 14212: 14191: 14151: 14132: 14108: 14051: 13733: 13699: 13672: 13638: 13604: 13570: 13536: 13477: 13441: 13164: 13059: 12408: 11824:

Bhattacharya, Ananda (2008). "Madariya Sufi Silsila Their Distinctive Characteristics and Relations with the Indian Powers".

11789: 11696: 11671: 11299: 11216: 11196: 10988: 10620: 10598: 10529: 10483: 10462: 10437: 10425: 10230: 10058: 9991: 9967: 9940: 9900: 9876: 9852: 9634: 9613: 9566: 9554: 9359: 9336: 9259: 9178: 9088: 8978: 8851: 8502: 8289: 8220: 7895: 7795: 7716: 7662: 7545: 7222: 6334: 6327: 4201:(which is usually televised on Moroccan National television). This action has voiced particular condemnation by the Salafis. 3403:

Persians played a huge role in developing and systematising Islamic mysticism. One of the first to formalise the science was

944: 11756:

Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History. Oxford University Press. pp. 30

9744:. Volume 4: Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–61. 4056:." The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular verses of the 26119: 23111: 19225: 17864: 14549: 13866: 6409: 6296: 5473: 4551:): This is what is received in awe through abundance. It was said: Inspiration is the knowledge that falls into the heart. 6308: 6057: 5517: 26237: 25518: 25114: 17208: 13197: 11765:

Griffel, Frank (2016). "Al-Ghazali". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.)

6318:(d. 386/996), an encyclopedic manual of Sufism (Islamic mystical teachings), which would have a significant influence on 6171: 5956: 5144: 3329: 1666:

calls other etymological hypotheses "untenable". Woolen clothes were traditionally associated with ascetics and mystics.

18525: 13867:"Islamic verses / The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown stronger since the Sept. 11 attacks" 13594: 13560: 13120: 11086: 10978: 10541: 10300: 6071: 4850:, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He is the founder of 4579:: The Six Latifs in Sufism are psychological or spiritual “organs” and, sometimes, perceptual and extrasensory tools in 3955:

Nowadays, the songs last for about 15 to 30 minutes, are performed by a group of singers, and instruments including the

3193:). Ibn Arabi regards Muhammad as the supreme human being and master of all creatures. Muhammad is therefore the primary 26447: 26177: 26059: 25513: 24093: 22005: 15876: 15802: 15712: 14408: 13921: 13526: 12429: 10633: 10207: 8806: 8712: 8540: 7988: 6979:

is alleged to have imported certain concepts from Hindusim into his version of Sufism under the conceptual umbrella of

6432: 2279:... religious duties" and finding a "way and a means of striking a root through the 'narrow gate' in the depth of the 2107:

Sufism had a long history already before the subsequent institutionalization of Sufi teachings into devotional orders (

14288:

Rahimi, Sadeq (September 2007). "Intimate Exteriority: Sufi Space as Sanctuary for Injured Subjectivities in Turkey".

13772:(Feldheim), p. 429 and above, p. 427. Also see ibid., Chapter 10 ("Iqquḇim"), s.v. wa-halo yoḏeʾaʿ atta; in 13098: 11747:

Al Beirawi, Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. p. 35. ISBN 9781539995036.

11398: 10680: 9669: 2350: 26497: 25318: 22526: 21177: 21131: 20791: 20785: 14170: 13130: 13092: 12750: 12716: 12656: 12617: 12583: 12549: 12504: 12451: 12380: 12345: 12311: 12277: 12243: 12205: 12167: 12133: 12098: 12063: 12029: 11862: 11646: 11619: 11592: 11323: 11241: 10877: 10026: 9763: 9351:

Deliverance from Error: An Annotated Translation of Al-Munqidh Min Al Dal−al and Other Relevant Works of Al-Ghaz−al−i

9315: 9223: 8782: 8649: 8583: 8431: 8363: 8179: 8111: 7860: 7467: 7054: 6226:("I am the Truth"), his ecstatic Sufism and state-trial. His refusal to recant this utterance, which was regarded as 1715:, meaning: self-purification), which is also widely used in Sufism. These two explanations were combined by the Sufi 1122: 19585: 13946: 13880: 13258: 11032:

Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra. Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam

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In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of

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describes the Sufis as those who belong to the path of the Sunna and represent it in their teachings and writings.

722: 649: 18318: 18063: 11729:

William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual, p. 180. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.

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means adorning the aspirant, both internally and externally, with virtuous morals, good behavior, and good deeds.

26512: 26407: 25533: 25528: 25484: 25109: 23953: 23175: 22160: 21542: 21348: 19896: 19844: 19453: 18501: 18165: 17053: 16933: 13501: 11006:(saint), faki, or shaykh since, according to folk Islam, this is where his baraka is believed to be strongest... 7171:). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that the treatise was three times as long as his father's 6402: 6342:(d. 430/1038), which is a voluminous collection of biographies of Sufis and other early Muslim religious leaders. 1314: 15950: 15888: 15864: 15700: 15678: 15607: 15595: 11664:

Global Flows, Local Appropriations: Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims

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has been the museum's associate curator of Islamic art, is a large 19th- or early-20th-century portrayal of the

7201:), practiced spiritual retreats, solitude, fasting and sleep deprivation. The Jewish Sufis maintained their own 6712:

banned all Sufi orders and abolished their institutions in 1925, after Sufis opposed the new secular order. The

1927:, were not known as Sufis during their lifetimes, but later came to be identified as such due to their focus on 1594:), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. The Arabic term 1564:. It has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West and generated significant academic interest. 26367: 26192: 25465: 24479: 24420: 24307: 24186: 24118: 22504: 22142: 22061: 21607: 21155: 21053: 20138: 17881: 17859: 17173: 17138: 16614: 16279: 14475: 11149:

Gardet, L. (2012). "Karāma". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

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For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf,

9758:, pg. 57. Part of the New Horizons in Islamic Studies series. Ed. Masatoshi Kisaichi. London: Routledge, 2006. 9052: 9031: 7021: 6673: 4412:

has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts.

3823:, and spinning one's body in repetitive circles, which has been seen as a symbolic imitation of planets in the 3677: 3473: 3021: 1259: 24599: 24474: 9819: 7391: • "Sufism is that you should not possess anything nor should anything possess you." (Samnun) 6299:(d. 632/1234) is reported to have said: "if it were not for the Ta'arruf, we would know nothing about Sufism". 2127:(guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as 26517: 25932: 25669: 25328: 25177: 25099: 24521: 23563: 23074: 21713: 20965: 20724: 20401: 18008: 17891: 17148: 16968: 14671: 12684: 10832: 6896:

states that Sufism is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and Christianity. He quotes

5865: 5630: 4883:) "Order of Patience" (Tariqus-Sabr), Shadhiliyya is formulated to be "Order of Gratitude" (Tariqush-Shukr). 3093: 3049:" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of 2902: 2855:

The relationship of Sufi orders to modern societies is usually defined by their relationship to governments.

2462: 993: 13311: 9329:

Classical Spirituality in Contemporary America: The Confluence and Contribution of G.I. Gurdjieff and Sufism

5504: 4382:, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way. 3587:

through a specific devotional act, such as the repetition of divine names, supplications and aphorisms from

26575: 26377: 23585: 22293: 21527: 21504: 21114: 20970: 20960: 20866: 20519: 20159: 19194: 18675: 18347: 18193: 18143: 17584: 17028: 14430:

Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart

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of Muhammad that he refused to eat a watermelon because he could not establish that Muhammad ever ate one.

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is regarded as an important element in different Sufi orders. In South Asia, it is affiliated mostly with

5076:, he journeyed to India to spread the Islamic faith, where he founded the Madariyya order. His tomb is at 26779: 26585: 26297: 26292: 26064: 24582: 24543: 24098: 24012: 23580: 23244: 21910: 21629: 21494: 21300: 21068: 20861: 20238: 19827: 18712: 18576: 17924: 17238: 16748: 16725: 16720: 16630: 15212: 15032: 14643: 8615:"Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) | The Naqshbandiyya Nazimiyya Sufi Order of America: Sufism and Spirituality" 6879: 6685: 5686: 5678: 5128: 4837: 4824: 4739:(1255–1296) is an Egyptian Sunni Sufi imam, and the last of the four poles of supervision of Sufism with 4376:. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or 4048:, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God". In the traditional Islamic understanding of 3451: 2723:

Around the turn of the 20th century, Sufi rituals and doctrines also came under sustained criticism from

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and proverbs (some counted it 264) containing precise contemplative reflections on man's relations with

3146:

claimed that he praised Muhammad in such a manner that was not done before by any poet, in his book the

3053:(sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). The concept of the Sufi Qutb is similar to that of the 2260: 26722: 25358: 25303: 24999: 23739: 23234: 21905: 21847: 21379: 21262: 20779: 20198: 19231: 18826: 18812: 18551: 18296: 18070: 17552: 17183: 17143: 16878: 16795: 16649: 16501: 14400: 13348: 12541: 12021: 11483: 8195:

Milani, Milad (2012). "The Cultural Products of Global Sufism". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

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or the bench"), who were a group of impoverished companions of Muhammad who held regular gatherings of

1112: 23327: 9932: 7385: • "Sufism consists of abandoning oneself to God in accordance with what God wills." ( 6610:(d. 1137/1725). He started this voluminous Qur'anic commentary and completed it in twenty-three years. 4524:, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God. 26610: 26399: 26257: 25709: 24592: 24371: 24002: 23632: 23155: 22287: 22039: 21876: 21831: 21472: 21459: 21160: 20989: 20685: 20407: 20370: 20149: 18778: 18496: 18147: 17909: 17133: 17038: 17013: 16863: 16607: 16578: 14521: 14360: 13593:

Madzillah-ul-Aqdus, Sultan ul Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (11 March 2015).

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Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods

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regards that the first entity that was brought into existence is the reality or essence of Muhammad (

2307:

is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. In his

1907:(died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi". The term also had a strong connection with 1793: 1207: 919: 24710: 20061: 13224: 11738:

Janin, Hunt (2005). The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World. McFarland. p. 83. ISBN 0786419547.

11495: 11345: 4397:) addresses the matter of the awakening of spiritual intuition. In general, these subtle centers or 2390: 2140:

Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially

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Mystic regimes : Sufism and the state in Iran, from the late Qajar era to the Islamic Republic

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Man holding the hem of his beloved, an expression of a Sufi's agony of longing for the divine union

2988:

While all Muslims believe that they are on the pathway to Allah and hope to become close to God in

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Ghani, Kashshaf (2023-11-29). Sufi Rituals and Practices: Experiences from South Asia, 1200-1450.

10497: 9994:, for a detailed description of the practices and preconditions of this sort of spiritual retreat. 8614: 8556: 5160: 4720:

was a recognized and influential Sufi personality from Shattari order. Bastami was born in 804 in

4436:(soul). These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by 1797:. By pledging allegiance to Muhammad, the Sahabah had committed themselves to the service of God. 26565: 26502: 26452: 26412: 26357: 25992: 25987: 25877: 25824: 25714: 25644: 25440: 25246: 25161: 24366: 24344: 24143: 23965: 23490: 23106: 23033: 22717: 22088: 21888: 21797: 21482: 20293: 20052: 20016: 18036: 17994: 17849: 17464: 17253: 17158: 16988: 16943: 16809: 15038: 14699: 14535: 13973: 12575: 12159: 11988: 11893: 9722: 9514: 9419: 8665: 7781: 7563:"Legal Knowledge by Application: Sufism as Islamic Legal Hermeneutics in the 10th/12th Centuries" 7451: 7213: 7173: 7032: 6806: 6064: 5972: 5911: 4924: 4862: 4323:), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes. 4190: 4119: 3467: 3350: 3097: 2761:

recently defining "Sunni orthodoxy" as being a follower "of any of the four schools of thought (

2458: 2454: 2422: 2069:: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you." Sufis 734: 31: 17: 20447: 12375:(Registered name: Hachette Book Publishing India Pvt. Ltd) An Hachette UK company. p. 122. 9310:

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were interpreted by early Muslim thinkers as "documentary evidence" of the existence of saints.

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and Fusus al-Hikam, have been studied within all the Sufi orders as the clearest expression of

6192: 6045: 5764: 5733: 5574: 3929: 3054: 2913: 2886: 2755: 2646: 2296: 2076: 1663: 1546: 1514:. Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, remain adherents of 1360: 1340: 1188: 954: 101: 12362: 12331: 11431: 9957: 8841: 8639: 7156:, believed that Sufi practices and doctrines continue the tradition of the biblical prophets. 6716:

has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of "

3607:, or "to seek a state of godwariness". The Quran refers to Muhammad as the very embodiment of 3096:, who gave his name to the Naqshbandi Order. He is believed to have served his first teacher, 2897:. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, and 2326:, covering only five of the seventy-eight sermons of the book, but showing that he considered 1801:

Verily, those who give Bay'âh (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bay'âh (pledge) to

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Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated & Explained

14017: 13986: 13467: 13054:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233–256, 12742: 12523: 12494: 12297: 12125: 12055: 12011: 11779: 10263: 9627:

Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh

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The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of

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Ernst, Carl W. (2010). "Muḥammad as the Pole of Existence". In Brockopp, Jonathan E. (ed.).

9925: 9511:"Is orthodox Islam possible without Sufism? – Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Dr. Timothy Winter)" 7755:"Back to Basics | Tazkiyah: An Introduction to Spiritually Blossoming This Islamic New Year" 7459: 3455: 2996:—Sufis also believe that it is possible to draw closer to God and to more fully embrace the 2675: 2341:, and to argue this point he lists over a dozen early masters, as well as more contemporary 26769: 26663: 26653: 26638: 26545: 26472: 26442: 26417: 26382: 26342: 26337: 26312: 26182: 26104: 26054: 26034: 26024: 25912: 25859: 25834: 25684: 25679: 25659: 25624: 25609: 25553: 25323: 25256: 25224: 25104: 25039: 24905: 24783: 24636: 24516: 24415: 24327: 24295: 24290: 24138: 23870: 23239: 23123: 22707: 22467: 22078: 22022: 21973: 21958: 21811: 21242: 21149: 21094: 19398: 18805: 18663: 18588: 18433: 18248: 18096: 18001: 17980: 17839: 17794: 17779: 17328: 17178: 17168: 17153: 16973: 16938: 16928: 16923: 16898: 16389: 16218: 15663: 15436: 15174: 15050: 14870: 12372: 11906: 11209:

Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart

9726: 9650:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative List of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 11 December 2007 9027: 8392: 8032: 7848: 7238: 6969: 6669: 6637: 6607: 5964: 5622: 5543: 5465: 5118: 4135: 4003: 2821: 2731:

well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives.

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A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue: Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart

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The name of Allah as written on the disciple's heart, according to the Sarwari Qadri Order

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Risala Roohi Sharif (The Divine Soul): English Translation and Exegesis with Persian Text

12599: 12069: 10710: 10658: 9143: 8690: 8459: 8345: 8261: 7079: 6901: 6827: 6619: 6238: 5857: 5792: 5780: 5590: 5259: 5228: 4981: 4629: 3915: 3494: 3206: 3122: 3085: 3045:("the Perfect Man"). This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a " 2747: 2284: 1971: 1911:, with three of the earliest scholars to be called by the term being Abu Hashim al-Kufi, 1854: 1786: 1739: 1499: 1307: 1193: 827: 727: 534: 8358:. The perennial philosophy series. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, Inc. p. 74. 6393:(d. 561/1166). Translated from Arabic into English for the first time by Muhtar Holland. 4335:

The works of Al-Ghazali firmly defended the concepts of Sufism within the Islamic faith.

3711: 1719:(d. 322 AH), who said, "The Sufi is the one who wears wool on top of purity." 26648: 26628: 26595: 26492: 26482: 26427: 26422: 26352: 26332: 26322: 26307: 26302: 26282: 26252: 26247: 26222: 26212: 26144: 26109: 26094: 25999: 25972: 25962: 25922: 25907: 25902: 25854: 25849: 25789: 25744: 25704: 25599: 25586: 25388: 25368: 25293: 25166: 24989: 24663: 24621: 24462: 24430: 24405: 24332: 24312: 24133: 24081: 24069: 24047: 23639: 23597: 23470: 23295: 23290: 23285: 23084: 22868: 22844: 22223: 22147: 21895: 21841: 21644: 21558: 21489: 21399: 21335: 21143: 21119: 20796: 20774: 20734: 20576: 20479: 20430: 20396: 20287: 20001: 18879: 18835: 18580: 18393: 18280: 18054: 18015: 17929: 17764: 17727: 17689: 17611: 17486: 17258: 17043: 16918: 16893: 16715: 16702: 16573: 16543: 15144: 15085: 15079: 14563: 14507: 14468: 14325: 14313: 14305: 14118: 14022: 13391: 12977: 12942: 12865: 12644: 12565: 12259: 11887: 11833: 11333: 9542: 9229: 9006: 8949: 7913: 7734: 7708:

The garden of truth : the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

7632: 7590: 7516: 7374: 7149: 6961: 6875: 6802: 6731: 6709: 6315: 6157: 6107: 5709: 4808: 4740: 4413: 4151: 3816: 3763: 3649: 2502: 2478: 2438: 2430: 2366: 2319: 2244: 1947: 1943: 1217: 1174: 1144: 1127: 1102: 1047: 1003: 715: 436: 78: 23751: 23300: 22896: 22626: 20642: 19977: 11423: 9670:"Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 9129: 8135: 7537:

Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons: The Islamic Teachings at the Heart of Alchemy

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or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (

3932:

melodic styles to create the genre in the 13th century. The songs are classified into

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Munn, Richard C. (January–March 1969). "Reviewed work(s): The Sufis by Idries Shah".

13160: 13126: 13088: 13055: 12746: 12712: 12652: 12613: 12579: 12545: 12500: 12447: 12376: 12341: 12307: 12273: 12239: 12201: 12163: 12129: 12094: 12059: 12025: 11992: 11868: 11858: 11785: 11692: 11667: 11642: 11615: 11588: 11449: 11319: 11295: 11237: 11212: 11192: 11158: 10984: 10963: 10873: 10806: 10616: 10525: 10479: 10474:

See in particular the introduction by T. J. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali,

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Ghazzālī; Ghazzali; al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad; McCarthy, Richard Joseph (1999).

9332: 9311: 9255: 9233: 9219: 9174: 9084: 9048: 8974: 8953: 8941: 8913: 8847: 8802: 8778: 8708: 8645: 8579: 8536: 8427: 8359: 8285: 8226: 8216: 8175: 8171: 8107: 7956: 7901: 7891: 7866: 7856: 7791: 7722: 7712: 7658: 7654: 7582: 7541: 7508: 7463: 7417:"Refworld | Iran: Information on Sufism or Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) in Iran" 7380: 7337: 7310: 7068: 6923: 6922:

Numerous comparisons have been made between Sufism and the mystic components of some

6871: 6838: 6554: 6535: 6258: 5787: 5717: 5654: 5149: 4932: 4916: 4736: 4706: 4167: 4159: 4123: 4089: 3988: 3858:

scholars in general, is that dancing with intent during dhikr or whilst listening to

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The Heritage of Sufism: Classical Persian Sufism from Its Origins to Rumi (700-1300)

11959: 7379: • "Sufism is that you should be with God—without any attachment." ( 6854: 3171:('The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation'), commonly referred to as 2960:, may or may not conform to the tenets of Sufism as understood by orthodox Muslims. 2833: 2137:), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God". 26658: 26540: 26437: 26049: 26009: 25957: 25952: 25869: 25839: 25749: 25639: 25503: 25455: 25450: 25009: 24974: 24947: 24705: 24690: 24565: 24489: 24339: 24317: 24225: 24086: 23865: 23828: 23684: 23669: 23617: 23401: 23381: 23349: 23344: 23315: 23310: 23222: 23212: 23021: 22985: 22977: 22948: 22861: 22781: 22776: 22739: 22729: 22655: 22593: 22435: 22272: 22122: 21780: 21649: 21634: 21384: 21089: 20811: 20749: 20739: 20729: 20714: 20462: 20365: 20337: 20225: 18990: 18964: 18667: 18340: 18243: 18084: 17966: 17819: 17799: 17784: 17349: 17008: 16776: 16289: 16208: 15379: 15364: 15354: 15300: 14979: 14949: 14943: 14428: 14297: 14243: 14094: 13383: 12090: 11154: 10959: 9714: 9559:

Sufi and Scholar on the Desert Edge: Muhammad B. Oali Al-Sanusi and His Brotherhood

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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

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regards Muhammad as the greatest man and states, "Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (

3111: 2957: 2953: 2560: 2534: 1912: 1888: 1067: 1062: 1013: 998: 983: 892: 771: 228: 208: 24302: 11531: 11315:

Philosophical Sufis among Scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and Their Impact on Political Culture

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The following are among definitions of Sufism quoted in an early Sufi treatise by

2595:

are one of the strongest adherents of Sufism. Sufi poets and philosophers such as

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The garden of truth: the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

8423: 8353: 8101: 7785: 7535: 7416: 7194: 7128: 7092: 6976: 6945: 6798: 6757: 6741: 6497: 6270: 6203: 5614: 5598: 5404: 5092: 5065: 4947:(peace to all) concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. 4905: 4748: 4717: 4648: 4588: 4580: 4409: 4257:, literally 'marvels of the friends ')" has been "a requirement in Sunni Islam". 4220: 4024: 3892: 2997: 2801: 2751: 2553: 2156: 2005: 1935: 1892: 1869: 1777: 1553: 1487: 1351: 1331: 1249: 1202: 1018: 978: 967: 949: 852: 797: 710: 635: 491: 336: 243: 233: 19674: 13084:

Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the "Ground Zero Mosque" Controversy

11021:, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 9754:

Masatoshi Kisaichi, "The Burhami order and Islamic resurgence in modern Egypt."

8005:

Sedgwick, Mark (2012). "Neo-Sufism". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.).

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Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late

4239:, lit. generosity, high-mindedness) refers to supernatural wonders performed by 2712: 2626: 25460: 25348: 25288: 25004: 24979: 24764: 24668: 24550: 24494: 24447: 23860: 23808: 23704: 23674: 23654: 23649: 23644: 23627: 23523: 23443: 23416: 23369: 23359: 22371: 22034: 22017: 21836: 21816: 21785: 21687: 21404: 21257: 21099: 20801: 20087: 20006: 19872: 19849: 19832: 19678: 19603: 19527: 19048: 18954: 18563: 18518: 18513: 18364: 18333: 18238: 18121: 17959: 17712: 17645: 17638: 17628: 17476: 17213: 17074: 17003: 16978: 16838: 16771: 16687: 16563: 16324: 16193: 16093: 16006: 15841: 15685: 15537: 15532: 15507: 15426: 15162: 15026: 14967: 14961: 14925: 14900: 13951: 13193: 11509: 11228:

Concerning this, and for an excellent discussion of the concept of attraction (

10007:, addressed to a general audience rather than specifically to his own students. 9166: 7341: 7277: 6867: 6847: 6211:), and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing'. 5935: 5756: 5725: 5606: 5220: 4760: 4664: 4660: 4574: 4526: 4510: 4461: 4393: 4365: 4243:. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form 4073: 4069: 4053: 3604: 3599:

as any activity in which the Muslim maintains awareness of Allah. To engage in

3420: 3258: 3215: 2793: 2758: 2642: 2634: 2620: 2556: 2549: 2538: 2402: 2176: 2164: 1939: 1924: 1877: 1858: 1699:), which in Arabic means "purity", and in this context another similar idea of 1495: 1464: 1300: 1162: 1149: 1107: 1052: 666: 376: 341: 223: 183: 168: 50: 22636: 20047: 19854: 19041: 15994: 15940: 14812: 14301: 12479: 11711:

Böwering, Gerhard. "ḠAZĀLĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

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s are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called

3364: 3337:

as opposed to the various manifestations of Sufism around the Islamic world).

3309:), while he who learns Sacred Law without practicing Sufism corrupts himself ( 2949: 1915:

and Abdak al-Sufi. Later individuals included Hatim al-Attar, from Basra, and

1865:', is considered a "founding figure" in the "science of purifying the heart". 203: 26758: 25383: 24937: 24818: 24210: 24205: 24153: 23990: 23928: 23823: 23714: 23612: 23543: 23475: 23465: 23428: 23364: 23261: 23227: 23145: 23041: 23004: 22923: 22831: 22282: 22233: 21938: 21590: 21417: 21267: 20806: 20769: 20744: 20581: 20011: 19941: 19921: 19883: 19502: 19487: 19251:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

19058: 18983: 18793: 18754: 18741: 18716: 18622: 18411: 18383: 18260: 18214: 18132: 17831: 17732: 17717: 17707: 17542: 17504: 17481: 17443: 17354: 17084: 17078: 17068: 17056: 16465: 16264: 16238: 16188: 15729: 15577: 15492: 15280: 15255: 15008: 14910: 14543: 14515: 14461: 14374:

Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings

14368: 14031: 13892: 12827:"Sehwan blast: Death toll reaches 90 as two more victims succumb to injuries" 12732: 12698: 12640: 12414: 12231: 12183: 11453: 10363:(...) uncle of the famous early Persian Ṣūfī Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/911). 10125: 10036: 8994: 8945: 8937: 8230: 7960: 7726: 7586: 7512: 7344:, a pious grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, died and is considered a 7302: 7298: 7271: 7259: 6949: 6782: 6753: 6677: 6534:(The Brides of Explication Concerning the Hidden Realities of the Qur'an) by 6413: 6145: 5412: 5358: 5236: 4990: 4910: 4633: 4521: 4448: 4348:. This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders. 4193:

and the yearly visitation to see the current Sheikh of the Qadiri Boutchichi

3999: 3851: 3785: 3772: 3754: 3661: 3657: 3447: 3432: 3321: 3223: 3211: 3130: 2993: 2929: 2841: 2805: 2797: 2708: 2623:

world, and in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.

2563:: "Though outwardly shahs stand before him, he fixes his gazes on dervishes." 2482: 2442: 2418: 2312: 2232: 2220: 2188: 2172: 2141: 1561: 1391: 1227: 1132: 1092: 539: 496: 456: 366: 351: 311: 306: 128: 24052: 19973: 13931: 13528:

Islamic Philosophy of Religion: Synthesis of Science Religion and Philosophy

11872: 9927:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

9487:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), pp. 16–17 8867: 7951: 7934: 7870: 7263: 7131:

there are sections which treat of the same subjects as those treated in the

3552:

the words of Imam Al-Ghazali) solitude, silence, sleeplessness, and hunger.

2980:, Pakistan. Known for its multitude of Sufi shrines, Multan is nicknamed as 26748: 25523: 25425: 25281: 24969: 24964: 24942: 24932: 24813: 24245: 24180: 24123: 24108: 24074: 23699: 23607: 22603: 22494: 22489: 22340: 22310: 22184: 22152: 21900: 21871: 21858: 21677: 21602: 21252: 21104: 20982: 20698: 20547: 20532: 20246: 20039: 19968: 19756:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

19696: 19669: 19660: 19560: 19037: 18853: 18788: 18481: 18378: 18369: 18275: 18029: 17697: 17616: 17547: 17411: 16908: 16848: 16823: 16804: 16168: 15502: 15359: 15195: 15114: 14837: 14557: 14081:

Babou, Cheikh Anta (2007). "Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal".

13082: 12293: 11984: 11292:

Heart, Self & Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony

9955: 9920: 8837: 8770: 7885: 7306: 6905: 6771: 6705: 6444: 6131: 5826: 5810: 5670: 5535: 5366: 5283: 4997: 4516: 4506: 4373: 4186: 4085: 3925: 3888: 3824: 3693: 3522: 3038: 2917: 2863: 2829: 2630: 2619:. Sufism also played a role in creating and propagating the culture of the 2612: 2358: 2271: 2208: 1802: 1383: 1288: 1234: 971: 703: 692: 625: 486: 476: 421: 133: 23746: 22391: 19706: 19199: 18819: 13310:

Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl; Schwartz, Lowell H.; Sickle, Peter (2007).

13023:"The Dabistan and Orientalist views of Sufism | SOAS University of London" 11942:"تعرف على تاريخ ومولد ودورة الإمام أبو الحجاج الأقصرى السنوية × 15 معلومة" 11467: 10977:

Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A. Jr.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).

10857:(in Urdu). Translated by Ghulam Ahmed Biryan. Lahore: Mushtaq Book Corner. 9215: 8970:

Morals and Mysticism in Persian Sufism: A History of Sufi-Futuwwat in Iran

7817: 6991:

both referred to Muhammad as having attained perfection and titled him as

5012: 3622:

may slightly vary among each order. Some Sufi orders engage in ritualized

2255: 1687: 1676: 1656: 25445: 25420: 25239: 25207: 25198: 25144: 25074: 25059: 24952: 24843: 24504: 24452: 24240: 23958: 23938: 23778: 23719: 23457: 23453: 23266: 22754: 22702: 22672: 22509: 22363: 22255: 22179: 22044: 21980: 21931: 21229: 20719: 20627: 20527: 20414: 20021: 19743: 19711: 19656: 19522: 19220: 19185: 19167: 18959: 18696: 18626: 18306: 18205: 17774: 17747: 17737: 17674: 17579: 17569: 17564: 17396: 17379: 17203: 17118: 16958: 16833: 16284: 16228: 16027: 15265: 15150: 14842: 14657: 14627: 14599: 14392: 13811: 13250: 12973:"Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack" 12121: 11852: 11427: 10952: 10291: 10254: 7327: 6893: 6516: 6351: 5980: 5834: 5772: 5646: 4866: 4772: 4534: 4143: 3855: 3482: 3324:, a detailed statement issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005 in 3010: 2933: 2925: 2874: 2766: 2514: 2362: 2292: 2200: 1862: 1826: 1735: 1671: 1667: 1515: 1030: 988: 912: 426: 238: 30:

This article is about the body of mystical practice. For other uses, see

24759: 24700: 23803: 23197: 23016: 22565: 14309: 12768:"Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83" 11837: 11109:"Confreries: A Crossroads of Morocco's Literary and Spiritual Diversity" 9458:"Hanafi," "Hanbali," and "Maliki," and under "mysticism in..." for each. 8443:

The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions

7594: 7562: 7520: 7496: 7270:

is a fictionalized account of Rumi's encounter with the Persian dervish

4530:

refers to each stage a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for Allah.

3185:

According to Ibn Arabi, Islam is the best religion because of Muhammad.

2092:

Sufi orders trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through

1769:

from the earliest days of Islam, even predating some sectarian divides.

25411: 25406: 25276: 25271: 25234: 25212: 25069: 25049: 25044: 24885: 24875: 24838: 24442: 24220: 24168: 23908: 23553: 23533: 23069: 22994: 22933: 22697: 22677: 22598: 22250: 22218: 22189: 21968: 21963: 21948: 21532: 20614: 20571: 20542: 19665: 19462: 19243: 19189: 19087: 19025: 18976: 18942: 18895: 18816: 18749: 18736: 18654: 18630: 18559: 18464: 18406: 18328: 18231: 17604: 17368: 17364: 17198: 17123: 17099: 17064: 17018: 16953: 16913: 16888: 16843: 16828: 16818: 16450: 16213: 16073: 15935: 15831: 15527: 15369: 14736: 14651: 14637: 14529: 11996: 9394:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.16 9287:

Islamic Mystique in Terræ Brasilis: Sufism and Sufi Orders in São Paulo

8250:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 7305:. It develops into a distinct art form, especially during the reign of 7202: 7153: 6793:, at least 305 people were killed and more than 100 wounded during the 6776: 6363: 6319: 6254: 6009: 5496: 5267: 5027: 4776: 4756: 4752: 4555: 4369: 4175: 4127: 3956: 3777: 3732: 3669: 3637: 3358: 3194: 3031: 2813: 2616: 2513:) were connected with Sufism" that the popular studies of writers like 2506: 2490: 2450: 2236: 2212: 2196: 2168: 2097: 1627: 1623: 1542: 1519: 1035: 597: 582: 401: 396: 381: 356: 178: 24250: 23089: 17449:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

17308:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

16309: 16103: 15557: 13395: 11854:

Muslim saints of South Asia : the eleventh to fifteenth centuries

11720:"Ghazali, al-". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 10147:

Thou knowest that none of the poets have sung such praise save only I.

8445:, p. 83, Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 2004 7284:

poets, has discussed Sufism, philosophy and Islam in his English work

4690:

and resting place of Bibi Rabia. Some believe her resting place to be

4106: 3246:("truth") are mutually interdependent. Sufism leads the adept, called 2607:(c. 1145 – c. 1221) greatly enhanced the spread of Islamic culture in 2280: 1522:

during the late medieval period. This particularly happened after the

25353: 25149: 25064: 25054: 24925: 24880: 24865: 24798: 24646: 24113: 24035: 23995: 23985: 23948: 23923: 23903: 23798: 23664: 23518: 23508: 23270: 23190: 23185: 23096: 22906: 22891: 22856: 22839: 22821: 22734: 22514: 22430: 22409: 22404: 22381: 22376: 22335: 22330: 22267: 22204: 22127: 22098: 22049: 21990: 21943: 21237: 20668: 20610: 20557: 20425: 19925: 19913: 19891: 19822: 19735:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

19726: 19627: 19572: 19497: 19151: 19146: 19072: 19016: 18762: 18617: 18610: 18486: 18397: 18311: 18291: 18136: 18077: 17589: 17557: 17512:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

17400: 17278: 17193: 17188: 16998: 16963: 16858: 16853: 16460: 16455: 16430: 16334: 16068: 16063: 15658: 15204: 15132: 15126: 15002: 14751: 14731: 14693: 14679: 14619: 14613: 14585: 14571: 14501: 13837: 13007:

Geaves, Ron; Gabriel, Theodore; Haddad, Yvonne; Smith, Jane Idleman.

12609: 12446:: Islamic Book Trust is affiliated with The Other Press. p. 10. 12337: 12303: 12269: 12197: 8492:

The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies by Clinton Bennett, p 328

7706: 7352:

rather there is a soothing message of brotherhood, peace in Sufism".

6984: 6930: 6843: 6745: 6477: 6448: 6436: 6184: 6001: 5582: 5527: 5336: 5102: 5042: 5005: 4971: 4851: 4782: 4691: 4595: 4345: 4320: 4077: 3996: 3847: 3846:

The traditional view of most orthodox Sunni Sufi orders, such as the

3716: 3566: 3478: 3290: 3186: 3164: 3135: 3081: 2906: 2825: 2785: 2697: 2529: 2470: 2434: 2426: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2160: 2145: 1635: 1557: 1371: 934: 516: 511: 481: 451: 446: 441: 411: 406: 391: 386: 346: 296: 291: 22786: 22315: 19916: 12428: 12009: 10937:

Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

8759:

Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane

7039:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 4728:

and his dedication to fundamental Islamic principals and practices.

4643: 4447:

Of note with regard to the spread of Sufi psychology in the West is

2148:

order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of

1765:, present day Saudi Arabia and that it has existed as a practice of 1518:, certain strands of Sufi thought transferred over to the ambits of 26731: 25156: 24900: 24890: 24745: 24235: 24215: 24042: 23918: 23773: 23337: 23059: 22999: 22918: 22826: 22813: 22791: 22771: 22749: 22744: 22724: 22664: 22631: 22570: 22414: 22399: 22277: 22238: 22194: 21985: 21922: 21826: 21729: 21580: 21076: 20934: 20886: 20680: 20586: 20537: 20265: 20110: 20077: 19932: 19817: 19809: 19598: 19003: 18934: 18857: 18840: 18671: 18658: 18491: 18437: 18219: 17667: 17458: 17291: 16883: 16599: 16470: 16425: 16420: 15905: 15787: 15782: 15322: 15305: 14890: 14776: 14766: 14761: 13387: 12831: 12443: 12439: 10019:

Islamic cultures and societies to the end of the eighteenth century

9792: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9100: 7315: 7218: 7138: 6957: 6863: 6227: 5919: 5275: 5111: 5077: 4884: 4608: 4542: 4452: 4358: 3706: 3439:. Famous poems that still resonate across the Muslim world include 3173: 3077: 3073: 2989: 2937: 2837: 2716: 2679: 2608: 2541: 2228: 2101: 2008: 2001: 1928: 1705: 1607: 1458: 1452: 1448: 1397: 1379: 1244: 1212: 926: 860: 461: 361: 16384: 16178: 12117:

Sufi Warrior Saints: Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography

11960:"Sufis celebrate birthday of Sheikh Abu El-Haggag at Luxor mosque" 11232:), see especially the Introduction to Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9378:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 76 9347: 9005:: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by 8321:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 74 8103:

Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhraward Sufis

6724: 4794: 4189:, Morocco, a popular destination for such pious visitation is the 3506: 2365:, Junayd of Baghdad, and others of the early teachers, as well as 2318:

Ibn Taymiyya's Sufi inclinations and his reverence for Sufis like

25430: 25029: 24994: 24915: 24828: 24769: 24673: 24376: 24230: 23980: 23933: 23818: 23694: 23513: 22938: 22901: 22712: 22262: 22228: 22071: 21772: 21595: 21191: 20879: 20759: 20637: 20632: 20619: 20603: 20596: 20591: 20323: 20115: 20095: 20056: 19901: 19748:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

19692: 19644: 19491: 19481: 19206: 19155: 19109: 18947: 18844: 18745: 18724: 18603: 18598: 18473: 18424: 18352: 18301: 18022: 17901: 17574: 17388: 17320: 16710: 16558: 16440: 16415: 16349: 16329: 16319: 16304: 16183: 16173: 16140: 16115: 16042: 16001: 15979: 15920: 15900: 15854: 15849: 15792: 15690: 15497: 15332: 15270: 15108: 14807: 14771: 14741: 14711: 12772: 12537: 12089:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 71. Leiden-Boston: 9841:

Googelberg, compiled form Knowledge entries and published by Dr.

7109:

number 613 only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable.

6953: 6749: 6661: 5444: 5016: 4986: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4616: 4498: 4487: 4455: 4428:(self, ego, person), a faculty of spiritual intuition called the 4315: 4305: 4300: 4295:

built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi

4249: 4210: 4194: 4131: 4115: 3972: 3945: 3910: 3781: 3665: 3645: 3641: 3584: 3440: 3407:– a Persian from Baghdad. Other great Persian Sufi poets include 3334: 3069: 3050: 3041:"one of the most important doctrines of Sufism is the concept of 2898: 2894: 2878: 2809: 2774: 2683: 2638: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2510: 2474: 2466: 2398: 2346: 2342: 2333:

In his commentary, Ibn Taymiyya stresses that the primacy of the

2224: 2149: 2124: 2039: 2023: 1766: 1077: 754: 607: 506: 501: 431: 416: 371: 316: 301: 281: 253: 218: 193: 158: 113: 38: 12799:"88 dead, 343 injured in Sehwan shrine explosion: official data" 12148: 11687:

Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Henry Louis Gates Jr. (2012-02-02).

10399: 10326: 10324: 9606:

A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450–1700

9097: 9045:

Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond

8085:

Ernst, Carl W. (2004). "Tasawwuf". In Martin, Richard C. (ed.).

6338:(The Ornament of God's Friends and Generations of Pure Ones) by 4385: 3914:

was originally a form of Sufi devotional singing popular in the

3595:

takes a wide range and various layers of meaning. This includes

2916:

is instructive in this regard. Notable as well are the lives of

25338: 25217: 25202: 25021: 24910: 24895: 24853: 24631: 24509: 23783: 23538: 23528: 23140: 23101: 22943: 22551: 22521: 21109: 21083: 21042: 21003: 20920: 20833: 20754: 20656: 20497: 20492: 20259: 20183: 20120: 20100: 19981: 19945: 19129: 19032: 18969: 18848: 18691: 18645: 18125: 17434:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

17392: 17339: 16674: 16486: 16475: 16445: 16435: 16410: 16405: 16379: 16344: 16314: 16274: 16269: 16259: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16110: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16058: 16037: 15984: 15895: 15814: 15648: 15567: 15404: 15394: 15295: 15285: 15073: 14746: 13506:. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 12 12777: 12533: 12333:

Islamic Mysticism and Abū Ṭālib Al-Makkī: The Role of the Heart

12193: 11686: 11130: 11068: 11066: 8269: 8200: 8159: 7642: 7447: 7345: 7247: 7206: 7191: 6965: 6850: 6721: 6618:(The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an) by 6606:(The Spirit of Explanation in the Commentary on the Qur'an) by 6456: 6452: 6389:(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth) by 6371: 6242: 6197: 5073: 5061: 5057: 4889: 4846: 4802: 4768: 4725: 4721: 4378: 4292: 4267: 4198: 4179: 4155: 4147: 4101: 3964: 3949: 3937: 3920: 3408: 3284: 3264: 3242: 3236: 3152: 2977: 2945: 2890: 2882: 2849: 2789: 2770: 2762: 2739: 2498: 2494: 2486: 2414: 2240: 2120: 2064: 1987: 1979: 1967: 1955: 1896: 1838: 1814: 1727: 1603: 1503: 1434: 1426: 1387: 1087: 876: 844: 836: 821: 815: 699: 577: 572: 567: 562: 466: 329: 263: 173: 138: 23729: 17299:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

14052:"Exhibition of Paintings by Farkhananda Khan at Sufi Festival" 10894:"Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan : National Geographic World Music" 9466: 9464: 7159:

Abraham Maimonides' principal work was originally composed in

6935:

Tahaqeeq Ma Lilhind Min Makulat Makulat Fi Aliaqbal Am Marzula

6817: 4502:

means having spiritual experiences that strengthen the faith.

3531:

through which he grasps, and his foot through which he walks.

25034: 24808: 24788: 24773: 24349: 24175: 23970: 23833: 23788: 23768: 22928: 22325: 22171: 21953: 21358: 21183: 21137: 21125: 20927: 20913: 20872: 20649: 20487: 20344: 20330: 20251: 20214: 20105: 19141: 18766: 18567: 18555: 17357: 17332: 17303: 16692: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16254: 16032: 15925: 15910: 15719: 15585: 15517: 15487: 15482: 15384: 15349: 15275: 15250: 14832: 14827: 14817: 14802: 14792: 14756: 14726: 12368: 11189:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Order

10321: 9002: 8918:"A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the 7243: 7186: 7178: 7106: 6980: 6790: 6766: 6657: 6460: 6440: 6250: 6246: 5053: 4936: 4695: 4687: 4669: 4604: 4477: 4296: 4197:, Sheikh Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi to celebrate the 4171: 4163: 4139: 4057: 4049: 4045: 3992: 3960: 3780:

which originated among some Sufis, and practised by the Sufi

3653: 3580: 3575: 3561: 3535:

It is also necessary for the seeker to have a correct creed (

3512: 3428: 3424: 3354: 3325: 3248: 3160: 3058: 3002: 2867: 2743: 2592: 2588: 2545: 2267: 2129: 2100:

order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through

2056: 1976:

Historically, Sufis have often belonged to "orders" known as

1762: 1599: 1533: 1527: 1478: 1470: 1375: 1239: 1117: 808: 766: 759: 682: 674: 286: 248: 188: 163: 148: 143: 123: 118: 108: 94: 54: 12861:"Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?" 12364:

In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India

11063: 10943:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), et passim. 10613:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

10199:

The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad

10099:

Glorification of the Prophet Muhammad in the Poems of Sa'adi

9984:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9869:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9496:

Rozina Ali, "The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi,"

6561:

work, started by Najm al-Din Kubra, followed by his student

3838:) represents the ego's shroud. By removing his black cloak ( 3819:

or personal desires, by listening to the music, focusing on

3117: 1895:. Early on Sufism was known for its strict adherence to the 1872:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1490:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1423:), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as 24959: 24848: 22759: 21698: 21024: 20996: 20946: 20893: 20838: 20351: 19799:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

17343: 17338:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

17268: 16525: 15826: 15809: 15668: 15547: 15542: 15522: 15512: 15477: 15421: 15374: 15290: 14822: 14797: 12529:تفسير الملا علي القاري المسمى (أنوار القرآن وأسرار الفرقان) 10345: 10195: 9740:

Knysh, Alexander (2010). "Sufism". In Irwin, Robert (ed.).

9461: 7281: 7254: 6681: 6577:(Wonders of the Qur'an and Desiderata of the Criterion) by 6370:. As its title indicates, it is a sustained attempt to put 5566: 5069: 5008: 4879: 4873:(the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent 4828: 4564: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4309:, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. 4288: 4240: 4015: 3933: 3859: 3811: 3628: 3436: 3412: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3219: 3046: 2735: 2659: 2600: 1995: 1908: 1900: 1685:

Another explanation traces the lexical root of the word to

1507: 1442: 868: 776: 258: 213: 198: 153: 19759:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

13309: 11980:

A Brief History of Islam: With Special Reference to Malaya

11399:"Qalandaria: Brief History of Hazrat Rabia al Basri R . A" 9756:

Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World

9547:

Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism

9386: 9384: 9274: 8242: 8240: 6940:

Other scholars have likewise compared the Sufi concept of

6188: 4840:, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught 4468:

are also noteworthy areas of intellectual accomplishment.

3683:

Some Sufi orders stress and place extensive reliance upon

1606:(exemplary teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet 24858: 24823: 23498: 22835: 17702: 15614: 14453: 13456:

by Sajid Abdul Kayum, Chapter 1: Overview and Background.

13156:

The Dying God: The Hidden History of Western Civilization

10976: 10939:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Idem., 9780: 8199:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. 4764: 4433: 3901: 3883: 3820: 3340: 2086: 1560:), Sufism has continued to play an important role in the 1411:

Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from

17444:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

10941:

Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation

10852: 10080: 10078: 8932:(1). International Institute of Islamic Thought: 49–74. 8148:

Knysh, Alexander D. (2006). "Ṣūfism and the Qurʾān". In

7887:

Global sufism : boundaries, structures and politics

4801:

on the underside of the dome of Hafiz Shirazi's tomb in

4372:

and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the

3603:

is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and

3125:. Sufis believe the name of Muhammad is holy and sacred. 1722:

Others have suggested that the word comes from the term

37:"Sufi" redirects here. For sanctification in Islam, see 14083:

The International Journal of African Historical Studies

11781:

Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal

11584:

Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia

10376:"5 Greatest Persian Poets and Why They Remain Relevant" 10236: 9381: 8820: 8818: 8666:"Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib – Ali, The Father of Sufism" 8571: 8237: 7780: 6587:(Lights of the Qur'an and Secrets of the Criterion) by 6500:(d. 283/896), the oldest Sufi commentary on the Qur'an. 4724:. Bayazid is regarded for his devout commitment to the 2877:

and are the heart of Turkey's large and mostly liberal

1887:

Later developments of Sufism occurred from people like

21741: 13846: 13414: 13402: 13287:. Government Promotion of Sufism. September 15, 2010. 12522: 10766:

Murad, Abdul Hakim. "Music in the Islamic Tradition."

10105: 9768: 8397: 6911: 4893:(litanies) to his followers, out of which the notable 3279:) of mystical knowledge with the "outward science" of 26720: 17496:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

17459:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

13722:

Nicholls, Ruth J.; Riddell, Peter G. (31 July 2020).

13627:

Bahoo, Sultan ul Arifeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (2015).

11885: 11272: 11234:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

10782:"Listening to Islamic Songs with Musical Instruments" 10075: 10063: 9889:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

9058: 8260:

Halligan, Fredrica R. (2014). "Sufis and Sufism". In

6866:—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. According to 6821:

A choreographed Sufi performance on a Friday in Sudan

1934:

Important contributions in writing are attributed to

1734:, one of the most prominent companion among them was 19731:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

17329:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13947:"Amir Khusro & Chishti Sufi Tradition of Sima'a" 13816:

Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Français À Jérusalem

13006: 11807:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

10872:. Translated by Z. H. Faruqi. D.K. Print World Ltd. 9956:

Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman Madzillah-ul-Aqdus (2015).

9416:

The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims

8815: 4032: 3928:

is said to have infused Persian, Arabic Turkish and

3542:

Sufi practices, while attractive to some, are not a

3389:

explains the position of Sufism and Sufis this way:

2330:

essential within the life of the Islamic community.

2283:

out into the domain of the pure arid unimprisonable

2074: 2062: 2054: 2045: 2037: 2029: 2021: 1993: 1985: 1977: 1791:'pledge') that was given to Muhammad by his 1761:

The current consensus is that Sufism emerged in the

1648: 1573: 1531: 1476: 1468: 1456: 1440: 1432: 1424: 1418: 1365: 1345: 12738:

The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy

12598: 11889:

Indian Islam: a religious history of Islam in India

11045:

The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism

10870:

Fawa'id al-Fu'aad: Spiritual and Literal Discourses

10453:in this context is emphasized in Muhammad Emin Er, 10357:Silvers, Laury (2013-09-01). "al-Fatḥ al-Mawṣilī". 9402: 9400: 9173:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 557. 8792: 8790: 8737:""Sufism": A Tradition of Transcendental Mysticism" 8637: 8578:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 644. 8136:

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211657444}

7497:"Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power" 4985:(The Book of the Sun of Gnosis) was written by the 2322:can also be seen in his hundred-page commentary on 19775:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 19723:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 17437:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13592: 12564: 12258: 10455:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 10223:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 9924: 9648:"The natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 8007:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements 7935:"Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism" 6467: 3305:) without learning Sacred Law corrupts his faith ( 2250: 2089:, and view him as their ultimate spiritual guide. 19263:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 14179: 13881:"The Forty Rules of Love by Elif Shafak – review" 13503:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16: 3 13469:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13434:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13281:"MUSLIM NETWORKS AND MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN EUROPE" 13122:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 12971:Walsh, Declan; Youssef, Nour (24 November 2017). 12265:Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion 10830: 10495: 10051:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9893:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9171:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9116: 8843:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 8575:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi tradition 8483:(2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki 8197:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 8063:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 8031:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 7114:Kremer, Alfred Von. 1868. "Notice sur Sha‘rani". 6882:, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against 4919:was born in 1141 and died in 1236. Also known as 1541:Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the 1463:(self purification) and the hope of reaching the 26756: 18192: 17426:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 14165:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–138. 13914:The reconstruction of religious thought in Islam 12966: 12964: 12082: 12044: 11976: 11318:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–237. 10577:"What is Remembrance and what is Contemplation?" 9397: 9208:Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia 9145:ʿAlī – Shiʿism, Sufism, and the chivalric orders 8787: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 7287:The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 6476:, expounding the inner esoteric meanings of the 3805:) aim to reach the source of all perfection, or 2893:, and, more recently, to the United States, via 19590:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 17440:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13721: 12854: 12852: 12850: 12492: 12220: 11892:. H. Milford, Oxford university press. p. 9719:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic 9.3World 9408:"Profile of Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayyeb on 8481:A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection 8000: 7998: 7883: 6615:Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed 3881:Kurdish Dervishes practice Sufism with playing 3788:. It is a customary dance performed within the 1992:) – congregations formed around a grand master 13728:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 181. 12189:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 12113: 11183: 11181: 10334:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 179 9474:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2008, p. 4, note 2 9076: 7884:Piraino, Francesco; Sedgwick, Mark J. (2019). 7776: 7774: 7534:Sebottendorff, Baron Rudolf von (2013-01-17). 7184:The followers of this path, which they called 6631: 3770:Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) is a form of 3398: 3180: 2885:, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, 1829:refer to Ali as having a very high ranking in 1742:are considered by some to be the first Sufis. 1634:Sufism has been variously defined as "Islamic 21714: 20199: 18171:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 17521:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 16615: 16502: 15220: 14469: 14426: 14266: 12961: 12731: 12697: 12632: 12182: 11557:"Sultan-e-Hind: Mysticism takes centre stage" 11087:"Popular Sufi leader in Morocco dies aged 95" 10191: 10189: 9786: 9245: 9243: 8099: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8039: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7533: 7169:A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God 6362:(The Revival of the Sciences of Religion) by 6295:(d. ca. 380/990), a popular text about which 6165: 4386:Contributions to other domains of scholarship 3800: 3579:is the remembrance of Allah commanded in the 3313:). Only he who combines the two proves true ( 3169:al-Kawākib ad-Durrīya fī Madḥ Khayr al-Barīya 1378:which is characterized by a focus on Islamic 1308: 643: 14270:Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal 14144:SUFISM (Origin, Growth, Eclipse, Resurgence) 14124:The Spiritual Writings of Amir ʿAbd al-Kader 12970: 12847: 12329: 12292: 11823: 11773: 11771: 11171:Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters," 11106: 10430:Imam Abu Hanifa's Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained 9704: 9702: 9700: 8801:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8535:. Harper Collins. pp. 45–3736–45-3736. 8526: 8524: 8061:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 8029:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 8018: 8016: 7995: 7739:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4789: 4751:and he is also the founder of the order the 4231: 4039: 2385: 1710: 1694: 1530:. Important focuses of Sufi worship include 1412: 99: 26775:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements 19269:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 14351:"Pakistan's Sufis Preach Faith and Ecstasy" 14117: 13725:Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart 13633:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 58. 13599:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 49. 13152: 12227:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam 11178: 10855:Siyar-ul-Auliya: History of Chishti Silsila 9891:; see also Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 9798: 9582:, Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi Publications, 1992. 9529:"Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown – What is Sufism?" 8926:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 8872:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 November 2023. 8796: 7843: 7841: 7771: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7309:and his contemporary Sufi masters, such as 7205:, guided by a religious leader like a Sufi 6812: 6762:celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints 6459:(Islamic monotheism), ethics, morality and 6241:(c. 1150 – c. 1245) was a Sufi scholar and 4815:jurist and prominent Sufi scholar based in 4771:. He was also influenced by the methods of 4326: 4006:(d. 1111), talking to a disciple, from the 2544:(d. 1627) preferring an audience with Sufi 1876:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 1813:(pledging allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi 1674:both rejected all possibilities other than 1579: 1494:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 21721: 21707: 20206: 20192: 19290:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 16642: 16622: 16608: 16509: 16495: 15227: 15213: 14476: 14462: 14249:Insights Into Islamic Esoterism and Taoism 13558: 13046:Geaves, Ron (2014), Ridgeon, Lloyd (ed.), 13002: 13000: 12401:"Shihabuddin Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Suhrawardi" 12360: 12299:Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam 11826:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 11777: 11148: 11144: 11142: 10742:. Vol. 6. Darul Ma'rifa. p. 396. 10674: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10636:. Mevlevi Order of America. Archived from 10186: 10003:See examples provided by Muzaffar Ozak in 9903:, which reproduces the spiritual lineage ( 9593:Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization 9282:: o Sufismo e as Ordens Sufis em São Paulo 9249: 9240: 9201: 9199: 8997:'s Biographical Dictionary, translated by 8601:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8087:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8071: 7918:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7804: 6727:should be the nation's political leader). 6688:which resulted in the deaths of 90 people. 6472:Sufis have also made contributions to the 6291:(The Exploration of the Path of Sufis) by 6172: 6158: 5011:order. He was born in a Berber family, in 5000:(1737–1815), in Arabic سيدي أحمد التجاني ( 4857: 3809:. This is sought through abandoning one's 3636:includes various forms of worship such as 3591:literature and the Quran. More generally, 3283:. For example, the famous twelfth-century 2881:population. They have spread westwards to 2781:in doctrines, manners and purification." 2662:to maintain a lodge (known variously as a 2637:wellspring cavern beneath a high vertical 2061:(perfection of worship), as detailed in a 2020:These orders meet for spiritual sessions ( 1315: 1301: 650: 636: 14391: 14267:Mbacké, Khadim; Hunwick, John O. (2005). 14183:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 14180:Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Hani (2014). 13916:(4th ed.). New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan. 13499: 13465: 13420: 13382:(1). American Oriental Society: 279–281. 11819: 11817: 11768: 11135:(4th ed.). Spoken Language Services. 11128: 11058:Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid̲ 10848: 10846: 10681:"Is it permissible to listen to Qawwali?" 9697: 8912: 8521: 8420:Qur'anic Exegesis in Classical Literature 8388: 8308:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 223 8013: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7950: 7055:Learn how and when to remove this message 3262:) until he reaches his goal, the perfect 3201: 2742:, is represented by institutions such as 2537:dated from the early 1620s depicting the 2081:, the complete human who personifies the 24278: 18892:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 17431:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 14348: 14324: 14093: 13945:Dehlvi, Ghulam Rasool (April 28, 2024). 13911: 13787:"Maimonides, Abraham | Encyclopedia.com" 13524: 13376:Journal of the American Oriental Society 13119:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1993-01-01). 11857:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 171. 11850: 11661: 11278: 11076:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 99 11060:, ii (Beirut-Stuttgart, 1996), pp. 68–69 10833:"Music and Singing – A Detailed Article" 10301:"A Classic Manual of Islamic Scared Law" 10242: 9915: 9913: 9557:; and for the colonial era, Knut Vikyr, 8908: 8906: 8904: 8824: 8403: 8259: 8054: 8004: 7838: 7704: 7676: 7674: 7444:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 7423: 7237: 6837: 6816: 6651: 6574:Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan 6496:(Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) by 6435:(d. 709/1309), a collection of 261 Sufi 6408:(The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions) by 5045:Silsila. He was also known by the title 4970: 4904: 4793: 4781: 4642: 4330: 4105: 3982: 3869: 3758: 3710: 3565: 3505: 3466: 3363: 3344: 3205: 3116: 3020: 2967: 2857: 2702: 2682:, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a 2625: 2528: 2389: 2266: 2254: 2000:who will trace their teaching through a 1905:Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 1654:seems to have been "one who wears wool ( 1439:) - congregations formed around a grand 1396: 1374:body of religious practice found within 25575: 19115:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 14228:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13842:. Vol. 11. 1906. pp. 579–581. 13687: 13660: 13222: 13192: 13080: 12997: 12891: 12155:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy 11580: 11139: 11034:, II (Berlin-New York, 1992), pp. 89–90 10868:Auliya, Nizamuddin (31 December 1996). 10779: 10678: 10665: 10373: 9205: 9196: 9165: 8966: 8414: 8412: 8266:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion 7000: 6275:Among the most popular Sufi works are: 4909:A Mughal-era Sufi prayer book from the 4686:There are different opinions about the 3830:As explained by Mevlevi practitioners: 3792:, through which dervishes (also called 3501: 3370:Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar 2559:(d. 1625); the picture is inscribed in 14: 26757: 18472: 18115:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 15234: 14287: 14242: 14221: 14200: 14141: 14015: 13944: 13864: 13809: 13559:Chamankhah, Leila (3 September 2019). 13346: 13045: 12858: 12766:Hassan, Syed Raza (17 February 2017). 12765: 12476:Tony Blair Institute for Global Change 12435:The Book of Aphorisms (Kitab al-Hikam) 11814: 11607: 11362:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 112. 11311: 10867: 10843: 10111: 9840: 9692:The Islamic Tradition: An introduction 9064: 8194: 7967: 7932: 7638:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 7560: 6795:November 2017 Islamic terrorist attack 6748:), who believe that practices such as 6480:. Among such works are the following: 6431:(The Aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah) by 6281:Al-Ta'arruf li-Madhhab Ahl al-Tasawwuf 6233: 6222:(died 922) is renowned for his claim, 6089:Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya 6084:Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi 4950: 4638: 3341:Traditional Islamic thought and Sufism 3330:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 3256:or "road" through different stations ( 3159:In the 13th century, a Sufi poet from 2963: 2524: 27:Body of mystical practice within Islam 25574: 24727: 24277: 21740: 21702: 21444: 21212: 20828: 20187: 19683:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 18191: 17264:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 16641: 16603: 16589:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 16539:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 16490: 15208: 14886:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 14457: 14367: 14160: 14080: 13626: 13454:The Jamaat Tableegh and the Deobandis 13225:"The battle for the soul of Chechnya" 12919:. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting 12704:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 12438:. Translated by Muhammed Nafih Wafy. 11443: 11388:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 87. 11312:Akhtar, Ali Humayun (June 10, 2017). 11132:A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 11129:Wehr, Hans; Cowan, J. Milton (1979). 10708: 10428:, and Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Maghnisawi, 10084: 10069: 9919: 9910: 9774: 9739: 9580:The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism 8901: 8882: 8734: 8598: 8572:Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (June 2004). 8147: 8084: 7939:American Journal of Islam and Society 7686:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2014-02-04 7671: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7494: 7476:from the original on 28 November 2018 7460:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.51 7223:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain 7123:In the ethical writings of the Sufis 7075:Kitab al-Hidayah ila Fara'iḍ al-Ḳulub 6918:Hindu-Islamic relations § Sufism 6524:'Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq aI-Qur'an 6374:back into Muslim religious discourse. 6335:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 6328:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 6264: 3372:is celebrated on 23 March every year. 2912:The life of the Algerian Sufi master 2115:) in the early Middle Ages. The term 1498:. Although Sufis were opposed to dry 21213: 20829: 16629: 14644:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari 14433:. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge. 14417: 14349:Schmidle, Nicholas (December 2008). 13865:Curiel, Jonathan (6 February 2005). 13852: 13810:Loubet, Mireille (15 October 2000). 13500:Siddiqui, Ataullah; Waugh, Earle H. 13408: 13373: 13118: 12985:from the original on 1 December 2017 12894:"Salafi intolerance threatens Sufis" 12873:from the original on 1 December 2017 12020:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. 11784:. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. 11634: 10196:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (2010), 10127:The Seals of Wisdom (Fusus al-Hikam) 9959:Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings 9708: 8869:Jāmī | Persian poet and scholar 8836: 8599:Ernst, Carl W. (2003). "Tasawwuf ". 8530: 8409: 8344: 8022: 7815: 7434: 7152:, the son of the Jewish philosopher 7004: 6656:Muslim pilgrims gathered around the 6115: 5019:, and died at the age of 78 in Fez. 4900: 4811:(1077–1166) was a Mesopotamian-born 4731: 4701: 3967:are used. Pakistani singing maestro 3742:Ilahî anta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî 3452:The Conference of the Birds by Attar 2096:, with the notable exception of the 18903:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 14163:The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad 13688:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13661:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13596:Sultan-Bahoo-The Life and Teachings 13312:"Building Moderate Muslim Networks" 13227:. Guardian News and Media Limited. 11810:. The Institute. 2006. p. 241. 11375:. Cambridge University Press, 1928. 10831:Muhammad Ibn Adam (14 April 2004). 10780:Rabbani, Faraz (25 December 2012). 10021:. Irwin, Robert, 1946–. Cambridge. 9595:, HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. (Ch. 1) 9275:Mário Alves da Silva Filho (2012). 9047:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 22, 8561:. Naqshbandi Sufi Way. 9 June 2021. 8057:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Thought and Practice" 7847: 7163:and entitled "כתאב כפאיה אלעאבדין" 6929:The tenth-century Persian polymath 6912:Similarities with Eastern religions 6455:, and deals with issues related to 6253:. He devoted himself to knowledge, 6214: 5145:Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism 5033: 4451:, a Sufi teacher authorized in the 4303:. Sufis often visit the shrine for 4232: 4224: 4040: 4028: 3801: 3731:can be likened to the practices of 3648:music of the Indian subcontinent), 3611:of Allah (65:10–11). Some types of 1841:of the principals and practices of 1781: 1711: 1695: 1506:and belonged to various schools of 1413: 1355: 1335: 24: 25544:Religions and spiritual traditions 21743:Religious groups and denominations 15435: 14018:"The Many Voices of Enlightenment" 12859:Specia, Megan (24 November 2017). 12152:; William Edelglass, eds. (2011). 11581:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004-12-15). 11532:"Hizb ul Bahr – Litany of the Sea" 11446:Hundred great Muslims Jamil Ahmad 11074:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 10980:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan 10737: 10145:, John Andrew Boyle (translator), 10096: 9742:The New Cambridge History of Islam 9043:Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, 8883:Knysh, Alexander D. (2011-05-01), 8638:Shaykh Tariq Knecht (2018-11-09). 8306:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 7978: 7601: 6809:. Most of the victims were Sufis. 6803:one of the worst terrorist attacks 6680:, Pakistan); on 16 February 2017, 6585:Anwar al-Qur'an wa Asrar al-Furqan 4966: 4712: 4623: 4558:(knowing God and knowing oneself): 3918:, and is now usually performed at 2497:; and the Naqshbandiyya order was 69: 25: 26791: 19275:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 14550:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 14449: 14146:. New Delhi: Anuradha Prakashan. 13812:"Jewish pietism of the Sufi type" 13223:Parfitt, Tom (23 November 2007). 13052:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 13011:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 67. 12605:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations 12496:Yunus Emre: The Sufi Poet in Love 12407:. Anqa Publishing. Archived from 12017:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 11608:Willis, John Ralph (2012-10-12). 10768:Cambridge Muslim College Retreat. 10158: 10140: 10123: 10016: 9931:. Yale University Press. p. 9376:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 9077:Bin Jamil Zeno, Muhammad (1996). 8922:in the Shi'i and Sufi Traditions" 8355:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8319:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8106:, RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1–4, 7334:Brooklyn Museum's Islamic gallery 6975:The ninth-century Iranian mystic 6668:) of the 13th-century Sufi saint 6515:(Subtleties of the Allusions) by 6447:), based on the teachings of the 6410:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6379:Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq 5474:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 5064:Hussaini family. His teacher was 5041:was a Sufi saint who founded the 4897:is recited worldwide even today. 4471: 4002:(d. 1123), brother of the famous 2777:) and ... of the Sufism of Imam 2303:that one must be trained to use. 2123:(ultimate truth). A tariqa has a 1738:. These men and women who sat at 26742: 26730: 26704: 26695: 26694: 26508:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25650:Democratic Republic of the Congo 21683: 21682: 21671: 21192:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 20382:Timeline of the history of Islam 20213: 19293:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 17515:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 17387:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 17065:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 16516: 15190: 14710: 14044: 14009: 13979: 13966: 13938: 13905: 13873: 13858: 13830: 13803: 13779: 13761: 13749: 13715: 13681: 13654: 13620: 13586: 13565:. Springer Nature. p. 253. 13552: 13531:. Sarup & Sons. p. 81. 13518: 13493: 13459: 13447: 13426: 13367: 13340: 13303: 13273: 13243: 13216: 13186: 13173: 13146: 13112: 13074: 13039: 13015: 12931: 12904: 12885: 12819: 12791: 12759: 12725: 12691: 12665: 12636:Jihad in Premodern Sufi Writings 12626: 12592: 12558: 12516: 12486: 12460: 12422: 12393: 12354: 12323: 12286: 12252: 12214: 12176: 12142: 12107: 12076: 12038: 12003: 11970: 11952: 11934: 11925: 11912: 11900: 11879: 11844: 11798: 11759: 11750: 11741: 11732: 11723: 11714: 11705: 11680: 11655: 11628: 11601: 11574: 11549: 11524: 11502: 11460: 11437: 11416: 11391: 11378: 11365: 11352: 11305: 11284: 11260: 11247: 11222: 11201: 11165: 11159:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0445 11122: 11100: 11079: 11050: 11037: 11024: 11011: 10970: 10964:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 10946: 10929: 10911: 10886: 10861: 10824: 10799: 10773: 10760: 10746: 10731: 10711:"Moulana Rumi and Whirling Zikr" 10709:Desai, Siraj (13 January 2011). 10702: 10679:Hussain, Zahid (22 April 2012). 10651: 10626: 10605: 10587: 10569: 10560: 10534: 10514: 10498:"Dhikr and the Wisdom Behind It" 10489: 10468: 10443: 10410: 10392: 10367: 10351: 10339: 10332:The Four Imams and Their Schools 10285: 10248: 10215: 10167: 10163:, John Andrew Boyle (translator) 10152: 10134: 10117: 10090: 10049:Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 10043: 10010: 9997: 9976: 9949: 9881: 9517:from the original on 2021-12-11. 9451:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 8505:. Sufi Way. 2003. Archived from 8172:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00196 7787:The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah 7655:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 7009: 6644:Sectarian violence among Muslims 6608:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi/Bursevi 6596:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 6139: 6125: 6114: 6102: 6101: 4865:(died 1258), the founder of the 4694:whereas others believe it to be 3899:Musical instruments (except the 3748: 2395:A Sufi in Ecstasy in a Landscape 2337:forms the soundest tradition in 1282: 681: 619: 25110:Evolutionary origin of religion 21543:List of ex-Muslim organisations 19845:United Submitters International 19124:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 18502:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 17855:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13355:from the original on 2014-09-14 13328:from the original on 2014-05-31 13291:from the original on 2014-06-23 13261:from the original on 2014-05-16 13251:"Sufism: Of saints and sinners" 13231:from the original on 2014-09-14 13204:from the original on 2014-07-08 13179:Jamal Malik, John R. Hinnells: 13101:from the original on 2016-10-29 12939:"Salafi Violence against Sufis" 12910: 12499:. Blue Dome Press. p. 25. 11778:James Wise (10 November 2016). 11689:Dictionary of African Biography 10807:"Is Music Prohibited in Islam?" 10005:Irshad: Wisdom of a Sufi Master 9962:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. 9861: 9834: 9804: 9748: 9733: 9684: 9662: 9640: 9619: 9598: 9585: 9572: 9535: 9521: 9503: 9490: 9477: 9433: 9368: 9341: 9321: 9304: 9268: 9250:Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998). 9187: 9159: 9136: 9122: 9080:The Pillars of Islam & Iman 9070: 9037: 9016: 8988: 8960: 8876: 8860: 8830: 8764: 8751: 8728: 8689: 8683: 8658: 8631: 8607: 8592: 8565: 8549: 8495: 8486: 8474: 8448: 8436: 8382: 8337: 8324: 8311: 8298: 8253: 8188: 8141: 8128: 8119: 8093: 7926: 7877: 7705:Hossein., Nasr, Seyyed (2008). 7367: 7105:The precepts prescribed by the 6468:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an 6314:(Nourishment of the Hearts) by 3644:(the most well known being the 2976:(built 1324 A.D) is located in 2509:, and the Sultan Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn ( 2481:, being a renowned jurist; the 2251:Sufism as an Islamic discipline 25466:Separation of church and state 24119:Polytheistic reconstructionism 20139:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 19152:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 17865:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 17860:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 17518:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 17139:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 14290:Journal of Religion and Health 14016:Cotter, Holland (2009-06-11). 13694:. A&C Black. p. 190. 13667:. A&C Black. p. 223. 12913:"Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi" 12892:Ibrahim, Baher (10 May 2010). 11886:Murray Thurston Titus (1930). 11666:. Amsterdam University Press. 11290:See especially Robert Frager, 10853:Muhammad bin Mubarak Kirmani. 9210:. Cambridge University Press. 9032:University of California Press 8059:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 8027:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 7933:Newlon, Brendan (2017-07-01). 7747: 7698: 7554: 7527: 7488: 7409: 7253:The 13th century Persian poet 7190:(not to be confused with the 7087:. This book was translated by 6565:(d. 654/1256) and finished by 6474:Qur'anic exegetical literature 3971:is credited with popularizing 3098:Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi 1961: 1567: 1455:, with the goal of undergoing 100: 13: 1: 23075:Traditional Sabahan religions 19566:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 17892:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 14427:Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (2016). 14225:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 14207:. SkyLight Paths Publishing. 13347:ETERAZ, ALI (June 10, 2009). 13087:. Stanford University Press. 13081:Corbett, Rosemary R. (2016). 11931:Memoirs of the Saints, p.108. 11922:, Stephen Hirtenstein, p. 246 10542:"The Naqshbandi Way of Dhikr" 10359:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 9816:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 9694:. Amity House. February 1988. 9472:Introduction to Sufi Doctrine 9117:Fitzpatrick & Walker 2014 8889:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 8531:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008). 8282:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_666 8055:Chittick, William C. (2009). 8009:. Cambridge University Press. 7985:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 7355: 7321: 7233: 7142:. However, the author of the 6684:claimed responsibility for a 6350:(The Qushayrian Treatise) by 5957:'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 5022: 4831:. He was given lessons about 4095: 3462: 3094:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2903:Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi 2690: 2463:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2291:, is frequently a product of 2155:Prominent tariqa include the 2028:) in meeting places known as 1809:Sufis believe that by giving 1772:Sufi orders are based on the 1402: 21728: 21528:Apostasy in Islam by country 21395:Liberalism and progressivism 19254:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 19195:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 19176:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 18194:Islamic schools and branches 17029:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 16934:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 14273:. Markus Wiener Publishers. 13818:(7). bcrfj.revues.org: 87–91 13009:Islam and the West Post 9/11 12681:The University of St Andrews 12571:Feminist Edges of the Qur'an 12430:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari 11444:Ahmad, Khwaja Jamil (1971). 10896:. 2013-03-20. Archived from 10202:, Indiana University Press, 10176:The Signs of a Sincere Lover 10161:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 10143:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 10017:Knysh, Alexander. "Sufism". 9887:Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9541:For the pre-modern era, see 9513:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9083:. Darussalam. pp. 19–. 9024:Sufism: The Formative Period 8761:. Paris: Vrin, 1954. p. 104. 8458:. Mac.abc.se. Archived from 7981:"Sufism in the Modern World" 7402: 6842:A 17th-century miniature of 6797:on a Sufi mosque located in 6686:suicide attack on the shrine 6626: 6553:(Starry Interpretations) by 6433:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari 5322:Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani 5083: 4941:Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori 4887:also gave eighteen valuable 4486:At-Takhalli, At-Tahalli, At- 4110:Sufi mosque in Esfahan, Iran 3016: 2784:Current Sufi orders include 2633:, built c. 1520 next to the 2461:), the Naqshbandiyya (after 2002:chain of successive teachers 1641: 1449:chain of successive teachers 7: 25319:National religiosity levels 24544:Nauruan Indigenous religion 24099:Hellenism (modern religion) 19186:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 17882:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 17239:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 17174:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 14672:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi 14331:Mystical Dimension of Islam 13472:. Aakar Books. p. 90. 13200:. Globe Newspaper Company. 13153:Livingstone, David (2002). 12526:(2012). ناجي السويد (ed.). 12068:– via Distributed by 11107:Staff Writer (2018-03-28). 11047:(London, 1996), pp. 109–110 11019:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 10418:The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi 10348:. Retrieved on Feb 2, 2010. 10264:"Reliance of the Traveller" 9531:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9254:. Oxford University Press. 8799:Sufism The Formative Period 8797:Karamustafa, Ahmet (2007). 8735:Emara, Nancy (2002-08-30). 8503:"Origin of sufism – Qadiri" 8155:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 7561:Belhaj, Abdessamad (2013). 7035:the claims made and adding 6880:7 July 2005 London bombings 6632:Persecution of Sufi Muslims 5129:Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society 4838:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4825:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4204: 4033: 3700: 3399:Persian influence on Sufism 3181:Sufi beliefs about Muhammad 3103: 2992:—after death and after the 2725:modernist Islamic reformers 2651:National Monument of Bosnia 2548:to his contemporaries, the 2467:four orthodox legal schools 2457:), the Hamadaniyyah (after 2075: 2063: 2055: 2046: 2038: 2030: 2022: 1994: 1986: 1978: 1868:Sufism emerged early on in 1688: 1677: 1657: 1649: 1574: 1532: 1486:Sufism emerged early on in 1477: 1469: 1457: 1447:who would be the last in a 1441: 1433: 1425: 1419: 1366: 1346: 856:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 26796: 24728: 21445: 19942:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 19382:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 19135:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 18813:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 18297:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17553:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17184:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 17144:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 16969:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 14483: 14100:Sufism: A Beginner's Guide 14073: 13466:Mohammada, Malika (2007). 12707:. First published 2006 by 12022:Cambridge University Press 11614:. Routledge. p. 234. 11191:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10756:. Al-Ilmiyya. p. 319. 10457:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10225:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9986:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9907:) of a living Sufi master. 9871:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 8558:Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) 8089:. MacMillan Reference USA. 7325: 7228: 7066: 6915: 6886:currents. The influential 6780:(impure "innovation") and 6720:" (i.e., that the supreme 6641: 6635: 6268: 5052:He hailed originally from 4627: 4260: 4208: 4099: 4090:Junayd of Baghdad (d. 910) 4013: 3865: 3752: 3704: 3559: 3510:Sufi gathering engaged in 3084:(e.g., as in the books of 2754:, with Al-Azhar's current 2707:Whirling dervishes of the 2469:of Sunni Islam. Thus, the 1965: 1756: 1749: 1745: 1703:as considered in Islam is 1524:Safavid conversion of Iran 36: 29: 26690: 26609: 26526: 26398: 26143: 25868: 25585: 25581: 25570: 25479: 25404: 25175: 25083: 25020: 24738: 24734: 24723: 24286: 24273: 24198: 24021: 24003:Transcendental Meditation 23896: 23883: 23848: 23596: 23573: 23562: 23489: 23452: 23154: 23050: 23032: 22976: 22967: 22884: 22812: 22663: 22654: 22612: 22584: 22542: 22475: 22466: 22457: 22423: 22390: 22362: 22353: 22303: 22170: 21857: 21771: 21762: 21753: 21749: 21736: 21666: 21551: 21518: 21458: 21454: 21440: 21367: 21334: 21306:Geography and cartography 21281: 21228: 21224: 21208: 21034: 20956: 20903: 20852: 20848: 20824: 20694: 20518: 20478: 20361: 20313: 20237: 20233: 20222: 20133: 20086: 20038: 19992: 19882: 19869: 19808: 19705: 19643: 19626: 19513: 19461: 19452: 19391: 19308: 19242: 19219: 19166: 19086: 19071: 19001: 18868: 18711: 18575: 18550: 18526:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 18463: 18363: 18213: 18204: 18200: 18187: 18161: 18106: 18053: 17949: 17942: 17900: 17870:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 17830: 17688: 17585:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 17533: 17503: 17410: 17378: 17319: 17277: 17098: 17052: 17039:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 17014:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 16864:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 16803: 16794: 16762: 16734: 16701: 16673: 16666: 16662: 16637: 16579:The Beginning of Guidance 16524: 16398: 16247: 16149: 16051: 16015: 15840: 15576: 15446: 15433: 15243: 15188: 15101: 15066: 14995: 14918: 14909: 14856: 14785: 14719: 14708: 14491: 14302:10.1007/s10943-006-9073-2 14103:. Oneworld Publications. 13976:. ISBN 978-0-19-288923-2. 12673:"al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya" 12236:Columbia University Press 12083:Erik S. Ohlander (2008). 11977:Mohammed A. Rauf (1964). 11918:K. al-Wasa'il, quoted in 11662:Bangstad, Sindre (2007). 11587:. ABC-CLIO. p. 858. 11386:Women and Gender in Islam 11360:Women and Gender in Islam 11043:B. Radtke and J. O’Kane, 11017:Radtke, B., "Saint", in: 10634:"The Sema of the Mevlevi" 10503:. Translated by A. Rahmim 10346:The Amman Message Summary 9787:Mbacké & Hunwick 2005 9148:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8999:William McGuckin de Slane 8641:Journal of a Sufi Odyssey 8426:: The Other Press, 2010. 8418:Rashid Ahmad Jullundhry, 8213:10.1163/9789004226487_027 7790:. Islamic Texts Society. 7579:10.1163/19585705-12341276 7440:"Mysticism in Sufi Islam" 6706:Muslim-majority countries 6567:'Alā' al-Dawla al-Simnani 6557:(d. 618/1221). This is a 6486:Tafsir al-Qu'ran al-'Azim 6245:preaching principally in 5066:Bayazid Tayfur al-Bistami 5004:), is the founder of the 4809:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4790:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4116:visit or make pilgrimages 3978: 3493:was originally coined by 3191:al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya 2862:Sufi Tanoura twirling in 2386:Formalization of doctrine 1502:, they strictly observed 25635:Central African Republic 22622:Vietnamese folk religion 22013:Charismatic Christianity 21625:Islamic view of miracles 19555:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 18430:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 18044:The Moderation in Belief 17925:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 17663:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 17234:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 17164:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 16584:The Moderation in Belief 16534:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 15033:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi 14881:The Alchemy of Happiness 14866:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 14606:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili 14296:(3). Springer: 409–421. 14201:Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). 13912:Muhammad, Iqbal (1990). 13525:Laliwala, J. I. (2005). 13349:"State-Sponsored Sufism" 12709:Blackwell Publishing Ltd 12647:imprint is published by 12542:Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya 12493:Zekeriya Bașkal (2013). 11851:Suvorova, A. A. (2004). 11641:. OUP USA. p. 116. 10522:The Book of Sufi Healing 10293:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 10256:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 9252:The Sufi Orders in Islam 9206:Peacock, A.C.S. (2019). 9167:Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham 9011:Royal Library of Belgium 8938:10.35632/ajiss.v32i1.260 7360: 7311:Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya 7165:Kitāb Kifāyah al-'Ābidīn 6876:violent strains of Islam 6813:Perception outside Islam 6718:governance of the jurist 6714:Islamic Republic of Iran 6694:religious discrimination 6579:Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi 6347:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 5687:'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 5679:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi 5552:Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi 5390:Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi 4993:during the 12th century. 4775:with whom he founded the 4566:The Seven stages of nafs 4327:Theoretical perspectives 3555: 3270:Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ 3121:The name of Muhammad in 2974:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam 1646:The original meaning of 945:Medieval Islamic science 25529:New religious movements 25162:Theories about religion 25115:Evolutionary psychology 24144:Modern Finnish paganism 22089:Independent Catholicism 21380:Creationism (evolution) 20017:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 19408:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 19326:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 19098:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 18037:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 17995:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 17850:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 17254:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 17159:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 17149:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 16989:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 16944:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 16879:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 15115:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri 14700:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi 14508:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani 13974:Oxford University Press 12576:Oxford University Press 12268:. London and New York: 12160:Oxford University Press 12114:Harry S. Neale (2022). 11989:Oxford University Press 11920:The Unlimited Mercifier 11635:Gibb, H. A. R. (1970). 11434:Retrieved 25 July 2022. 11173:Journal of Sufi Studies 11153:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10958:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10520:Hakim Moinuddin Chisti 10496:Abdullah Jawadi Amuli. 9723:Oxford University Press 9445:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8967:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2010). 7952:10.35632/ajis.v34i3.789 7822:Encyclopædia Britannica 7782:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 7452:Oxford University Press 7293: 7268:The Forty Rules of Love 7214:The Jewish Encyclopedia 7174:Guide for the Perplexed 6807:history of modern Egypt 6754:veneration of the tombs 6543:Al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya 6391:'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani 6018:Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi 5973:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini 5912:Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi 5897:Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i 5866:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 5663:Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali 5631:'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi 5421:Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi 5375:Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali 5245:'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili 4863:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4858:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4827:gave Gilani lessons in 4659:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya or 4247:has a sense similar to 4191:Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 3991:depicting the medieval 3293:, later venerated as a 2455:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 2423:Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi 2374:Al-Munqidh min al-dalal 2372:Al-Ghazali narrates in 2297:Islamic fundamentalists 1682:on linguistic grounds. 1610:), gave definitions of 32:Sufism (disambiguation) 26178:Bosnia and Herzegovina 24159:Erzyan native religion 24008:Unitarian Universalism 23387:Native American Church 22133:Oneness Pentecostalism 21640:Persecution of Muslims 21538:List of former Muslims 20387:Succession to Muhammad 19689:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 19266:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 18759:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 18254:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 17915:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 17910:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 17845:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 17805:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 17790:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 17470:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 17465:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 17224:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 17134:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 17129:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 17114:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 16984:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 16949:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 16874:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 15440: 15109:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi 14956:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid 14522:Baha' al-Din Naqshband 14222:Glassé, Cyril (2008). 13774:The Way of Serving God 13770:The Way of Serving God 12804:Daily Times (Pakistan) 12633:Harry S Neale (2016). 11909:Retrieved 17 July 2022 11267:Realities of The Heart 11151:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10956:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10374:Nemanja (2022-10-25). 9982:See Muhammad Emin Er, 9709:Voll, John O. (2009). 9443:Encyclopaedia of Islam 9331:Bloomsbury Publishing 9278:A Mística Islâmica em 9022:Ahmet T. Karamustafa, 8276:. pp. 1750–1751. 8150:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8100:Qamar-ul Huda (2003), 8025:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Orders." 8023:Voll, John O. (2009). 7540:. Simon and Schuster. 7495:Anjum, Tanvir (2006). 7280:, one of the greatest 7250: 7121: 6983:, meaning perfection. 6858: 6836: 6822: 6689: 6193:al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 6078:Books about Ibn 'Arabi 6046:Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 5874:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani 5819:'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani 5734:Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi 5575:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 5567:'Abd al-Rahman al-Jāmī 5513:Badr al-Din ibn Jama'a 5460:Admirers and defenders 5357:Baha' al-Din Ghazi b. 4994: 4913: 4805: 4786: 4773:Abu Hassan al-Shadhili 4684: 4656: 4520:is temporary state of 4336: 4215:In Islamic mysticism, 4111: 4011: 4008:Meetings of the Lovers 3896: 3844: 3767: 3746: 3724: 3571: 3533: 3516: 3486: 3396: 3373: 3361: 3252:or "wayfarer", in his 3227: 3202:Sufism and Islamic law 3126: 3115: 3026: 2985: 2914:Abdelkader El Djezairi 2887:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2870: 2720: 2654: 2564: 2410: 2383: 2309:Al-Risala al-Safadiyya 2275: 2264: 2259:Dancing dervishes, by 2018: 1807: 1664:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1408: 955:Succession to Muhammad 74: 26498:Saint Kitts and Nevis 25795:São Tomé and Príncipe 25655:Republic of the Congo 23856:Aboriginal Australian 22485:Chinese folk religion 21424:Conversion to mosques 21291:Alchemy and chemistry 19958:Wallace Fard Muhammad 18910:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 18417:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 18166:Early Muslim scholars 17974:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 17244:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 16994:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 16904:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 15439: 15175:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam 15139:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15092:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 15057:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri 15015:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 14418:Shah, Idries (1970). 14142:Chopra, R.M. (2016). 13691:In Search of Muhammad 13664:In Search of Muhammad 12743:Bloomsbury Publishing 12677:arts.st-andrews.ac.uk 12330:Saeko Yazaki (2013). 12126:Bloomsbury Publishing 12056:Oneworld Publications 12012:University of Glasgow 9729:on November 24, 2012. 9591:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9374:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9216:10.1017/9781108582124 8701:Oneworld Publications 8317:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 8035:on November 24, 2012. 7991:on February 19, 2013. 7849:Bos, Matthijs van den 7816:Schimmel, Annemarie. 7242:Tomb shrine of Rumi, 7241: 7197:movement) or Sufism ( 7103: 6841: 6832: 6820: 6655: 6648:Sufi–Salafi relations 6421:Al-Hikam al-'Ata'iyya 6372:vigour and liveliness 6340:Abu Na'im al-Isfahani 6293:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 5882:Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya 5843:Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi 5805:Critics and opponents 5742:Badr al-Din al-Hasani 5437:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 5429:Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi 4975:A manuscript of Sufi 4974: 4908: 4797: 4785: 4741:Abdul Qadir al-Jilani 4674: 4646: 4334: 4109: 3986: 3969:Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 3880: 3832: 3776:or physically active 3762: 3737: 3714: 3569: 3528: 3509: 3470: 3391: 3367: 3348: 3209: 3120: 3107: 3024: 2971: 2948:-born wandering Sufi 2861: 2706: 2629: 2532: 2393: 2378: 2270: 2258: 2013: 1921:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 1917:Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi 1799: 1526:under the concept of 1508:Islamic jurisprudence 1400: 73: 26120:United Arab Emirates 24906:Religious experience 24280:Historical religions 23240:Four Mothers Society 22642:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 21974:Schwenkfelder Church 21150:Ma malakat aymanukum 20725:Association football 20624:Moderate Kharijites 19604:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 19399:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 18589:Theology of Twelvers 18434:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 17981:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 17780:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 17179:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 17169:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 17154:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 16974:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 16939:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 16929:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 16924:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 16899:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 15664:Raising hands in Dua 15051:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi 15039:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz 14536:Mu'in al-Din Chishti 14356:Smithsonian Magazine 13791:www.encyclopedia.com 13196:(January 25, 2009). 13048:"Sufism in the West" 12687:on 14 February 2023. 12411:on 4 February 2023. 12070:Simon & Schuster 11469:Sufism – Sufi orders 11255:al-Wasilat al-Fasila 11111:. Morocco World News 10754:Hashiyah at-Tahtaawi 10097:Aavani, Gholamreza, 9822:on November 19, 2012 8885:"Abū Hāshim al-Ṣūfī" 8775:The Path of Muhammad 8691:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 8393:Perennial philosophy 8350:Chittick, William C. 8346:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 8207:. pp. 659–680. 7001:Influence on Judaism 6970:Noble Eightfold Path 6670:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 6638:Persecution of Sufis 5965:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 5623:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 5544:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 5466:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 5307:Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir 5276:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 5165:(the Fixed Entities) 5152:(the Complete Human) 4647:Depiction of Rabi'a 4597:Pledge of Allegiance 4136:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 4004:Abu Hamid al-Ghazali 3975:all over the world. 3715:An Algerian Sufi in 3502:Devotional practices 3234:(exoteric "canon"), 2848:(Naqshbandiah), and 2597:Khoja Akhmet Yassawi 2569:Islamic civilization 2477:, with its founder, 1952:Said ibn al-Musayyib 1855:Abu Dharr al-Ghifari 1726:("the people of the 994:Association football 26513:Trinidad and Tobago 26408:Antigua and Barbuda 25576:Religion by country 24632:Cult of Magna Mater 23112:Philippine Dayawism 22693:Nimbarka Sampradaya 22441:Chinese Manichaeism 22113:Jehovah's Witnesses 21918:Proto-Protestantism 19838:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 19580:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 19552:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 19350:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 19012:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 18319:Other Salafi trends 18148:Musta'li Isma'ilism 18064:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 17455:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 17219:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 16869:Zakariyya al-Ansari 15121:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 14974:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad 14962:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 14632:('Umar al-Khalwati) 14420:The Way of the Sufi 14326:Schimmel, Annemarie 14252:. Sophia Perennis. 14119:Chodkiewicz, Michel 13987:"Battle of Karbala" 13839:Jewish Encyclopedia 13285:Pew Research Center 12600:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12361:Rana Safvi (2022). 11561:The Express Tribune 11432:Sayyed Aminul Qadri 10159:Attar, Fariduddin, 10141:Attar, Fariduddin, 9625:Arthur F. Buehler, 9327:Michael S. Pittman 7307:Khwaja Amir Khusrau 7080:Duties of the Heart 6853:, currently in the 6828:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 6801:; it is considered 6297:'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6239:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 6234:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 5858:Taqi al-Din al-Fasi 5793:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 5781:Gibril Fouad Haddad 5765:Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi 5591:Zakariyya al-Ansari 5539:(d. after 787/1385) 5260:Abu Zayd al-Suhayli 5229:Abu Tahir al-Silafi 5169:Al-Maratib al-Sab'a 5156:Al-A'yan al-Thabita 4956:Bahauddin Naqshband 4951:Bahauddin Naqshband 4639:Rabi'a Al-'Adawiyya 4630:List of Sufi saints 4120:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 4082:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 3916:Indian subcontinent 3766:, at Rumi Fest 2007 3687:. This practice of 3656:(most famously the 3448:The Bustan by Saadi 3442:The Masnavi of Rumi 3351:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 3123:Islamic calligraphy 3086:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 2964:Aims and objectives 2748:Al-Azhar University 2525:Growth of influence 2459:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 2351:Al-Fuḍayl ibn ‘Iyāḍ 2293:Western orientalism 2261:Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād 2144:, which led to the 1972:List of Sufi orders 1850:Jonathan A.C. Brown 1740:al-Masjid an-Nabawi 755:Profession of Faith 728:Day of Resurrection 26780:Hinduism and Islam 26448:Dominican Republic 25494:Abrahamic prophets 24583:Proto-Indo-Iranian 23085:Aliran Kepercayaan 22288:Non-denominational 22210:Modernist Salafism 21896:Oriental Orthodoxy 21645:Quran and miracles 21559:Criticism of Islam 21263:Geometric patterns 21115:Gender segregation 20686:Non-denominational 20137:Other scholars of 20028:Islamic modernists 20002:Modernist Salafism 19653:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 19612:Abdullah ibn Saba' 19547:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 19432:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 19420:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 19411:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 19342:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 18664:Astarabadi (Naimi) 18394:Abdullah al-Harari 18348:Muhammad bin Dawud 18281:Syed Nazeer Husain 18016:Tabsirat al-Adilla 17930:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 17765:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 17612:Syed Nazeer Husain 17535:Salafi Theologians 17287:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 17259:Muhammad Abu Zahra 17044:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 16894:Abdul Qadir Gilani 16574:Sicilian Questions 16569:Meccan Revelations 16549:Dala'il al-Khayrat 16544:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib 15441: 15145:Bahadur Shah Zafar 15086:Abu Talib al-Makki 15080:Abu Bakr al-Shibli 15053:(d. 295 or 320 AH) 15041:(d. 277 or 286 AH) 15005:(d. 205 or 215 AH) 14896:Dala'il al-Khayrat 14023:The New York Times 13991:Brooklynmuseum.org 13183:, Routledge, p. 25 13181:Sufism in the West 12978:The New York Times 12943:Islamopedia Online 12866:The New York Times 12835:. 20 February 2017 12807:. 17 February 2017 12645:Palgrave Macmillan 12566:Aysha Hidayatullah 12524:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 12260:Ian Richard Netton 12024:. pp. 75–76. 11510:"Thareeqush Shukr" 11253:Muhammad Emin Er, 11187:Muhammad Emin Er, 11072:Titus Burckhardt, 10611:Muhammad Emin Er, 10566:Touma 1996, p.162. 10330:Gibril F. Haddad, 10273:. pp. 778–795 10271:Amana Publications 10221:Muhammad Emin Er, 9867:Muhammad Emin Er, 9578:Leonard Lewisohn, 9543:Vincent J. Cornell 9470:Titus Burckhardt, 9007:Institut de France 8914:Masterton, Rebecca 8757:Massignon, Louis. 8509:on 27 January 2021 8304:Titus Burckhardt, 7375:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 7251: 7150:Abraham Maimonides 7020:possibly contains 6859: 6823: 6786:("polytheistic"). 6770:("remembrance" of 6710:Republic of Turkey 6690: 6589:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 6581:(d. ca. 728/1328). 6505:Lata'if al-Isharat 6461:day-to-day conduct 6398:'Awarif al-Ma'arif 6359:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6324:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6316:Abu Talib al-Makki 6265:Notable Sufi works 6065:Tarjumān al-Ashwāq 5928:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 5178:(the Seven Grades) 5056:, and was born in 4995: 4939:along with Sultan 4914: 4869:order, introduced 4806: 4787: 4707:Junayd al-Baghdadi 4681:Rabi'a al-Adawiyya 4657: 4337: 4255:karāmāt al-awliyāʾ 4152:Bahauddin Zakariya 4112: 4012: 3897: 3827:orbiting the Sun. 3768: 3764:Whirling Dervishes 3725: 3650:instrumental music 3572: 3517: 3487: 3456:The Divān of Hafez 3374: 3362: 3230:Sufis believe the 3228: 3127: 3027: 2986: 2982:The City of Saints 2871: 2721: 2676:Süleymaniye Mosque 2655: 2565: 2503:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2479:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2431:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2411: 2367:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2320:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2276: 2265: 1948:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 1944:Harith al-Muhasibi 1919:. Others, such as 1409: 1401:Six Sufi masters, 79:Abdul Qadir Gilani 75: 26718: 26717: 26686: 26685: 26682: 26681: 25670:Equatorial Guinea 25566: 25565: 25562: 25561: 25100:Cognitive science 24719: 24718: 24652:Mysteries of Isis 24426:Frankish paganism 24269: 24268: 24265: 24264: 24261: 24260: 24013:White Brotherhood 23879: 23878: 23844: 23843: 23245:Keetoowah Society 23146:Sundanese Wiwitan 22963: 22962: 22959: 22958: 22688:Brahma Sampradaya 22650: 22649: 22453: 22452: 22449: 22448: 22431:Assianism/Uatsdin 22349: 22348: 22118:British Israelism 22104:Nontrinitarianism 22067:Plymouth Brethren 22062:Nondenominational 21996:Congregationalism 21884:Eastern Orthodoxy 21832:Reconstructionist 21696: 21695: 21662: 21661: 21658: 21657: 21630:Domestic violence 21620:Islamic terrorism 21615:Islamic extremism 21436: 21435: 21432: 21431: 21204: 21203: 21200: 21199: 20990:Marriage contract 20820: 20819: 20780:Political aspects 20509:Story of Prophets 20278:Prophets of Islam 20181: 20180: 20177: 20176: 20173: 20172: 20129: 20128: 19938:Muhammad Jaunpuri 19865: 19864: 19791:Sumāma ibn Ashras 19622: 19621: 19473:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 19448: 19447: 19318:Gaylān ibn Marwān 19215: 19214: 19067: 19066: 18730:Abdallah al-Aftah 18546: 18545: 18459: 18458: 18443:Necmettin Erbakan 18285:Siddiq Hasan Khan 18249:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 18183: 18182: 18179: 18178: 18157: 18156: 18097:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 18091:Tashih al-I'tiqad 18002:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 17938: 17937: 17920:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 17887:Idris Imad al-Din 17840:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 17815:Ruhollah Khomeini 17795:Zurarah ibn A'yan 17770:Sharif al-Murtaza 17758:Muhammad al-Mahdi 17743:Muhammad al-Jawad 17723:Muhammad al-Baqir 17624:Siddiq Hasan Khan 17600:Rabee al-Madkhali 17249:Murtada al-Zabidi 17024:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 16790: 16789: 16597: 16596: 16484: 16483: 16219:Sufis persecution 15261:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 15202: 15201: 15184: 15183: 15127:Muhammad al-Fateh 15021:Dhul-Nun al-Misri 14938:Ibrahim ibn Adham 14926:Al-Hasan al-Basri 14901:Fadha'il al-'Amal 14871:Hilyat al-Awliya' 14703: 14689: 14675: 14661: 14647: 14633: 14623: 14609: 14595: 14592:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 14581: 14567: 14553: 14539: 14525: 14511: 14440:978-1-13-810012-1 14384:978-0-8091-3619-3 14377:. Paulist Press. 14341:978-979-433-797-4 14280:978-1-55876-342-5 14259:978-0-900588-43-3 14235:978-0-7425-6296-7 14214:978-1-59473-002-3 14193:978-1-61069-177-2 14153:978-93-85083-52-5 14134:978-0-7914-2446-9 14110:978-1-78074-052-2 14095:Chittick, William 13735:978-1-5275-5748-2 13701:978-0-304-70401-9 13674:978-0-304-70401-9 13640:978-969-9795-28-2 13606:978-969-9795-18-3 13572:978-3-030-22692-3 13538:978-81-7625-476-2 13479:978-81-89833-18-3 13442:978-8-189-83318-3 13436:Aakar Books 2007 13432:Malika Mohammada 13166:978-0-595-23199-7 13061:978-1-107-01830-3 12468:"What Is Sufism?" 12158:. New York, USA: 11791:978-1-351-99740-9 11698:978-0-19-538207-5 11673:978-90-5356-015-0 11484:cite encyclopedia 11373:Rabi'a The Mystic 11371:Smith, Margaret. 11300:978-0-8356-0778-0 11257:, unpublished MS. 11217:978-1-929694-15-0 11197:978-0-9815196-1-6 10990:978-0-8108-6180-0 10811:My Religion Islam 10621:978-0-9815196-1-6 10530:978-0-89281-043-7 10484:978-0-946621-43-9 10463:978-0-9815196-0-9 10438:978-1-933764-03-0 10426:978-0-9702843-9-6 10297:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10260:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10231:978-0-9815196-0-9 10059:978-1-930409-23-1 9992:978-0-9815196-1-6 9969:978-969-9795-18-3 9942:978-0-300-03531-5 9901:978-1-930409-23-1 9877:978-0-9815196-1-6 9854:978-1-291-21521-2 9635:978-1-57003-783-2 9614:978-0-7914-6245-4 9567:978-0-8101-1226-1 9555:978-0-292-71209-6 9361:978-1-887752-27-5 9337:978-1-441-13113-3 9261:978-0-19-512058-5 9180:978-1-930409-23-1 9090:978-9960-897-12-7 9013:. Vol. 3, p. 209. 8980:978-1-136-97058-0 8853:978-0-7914-1515-3 8747:on July 24, 2009. 8462:on April 17, 2012 8456:"Sufism in Islam" 8291:978-1-4614-6087-9 8262:Leeming, David A. 8222:978-90-04-22187-1 7897:978-1-78738-134-6 7855:. Leiden: Brill. 7797:978-0-946621-57-6 7718:978-0-06-162599-2 7664:978-90-04-11211-7 7629:van Donzel, E. J. 7547:978-1-62055-001-4 7381:Junayd of Baghdad 7338:Battle of Karbala 7133:Chovot ha-Lebabot 7116:Journal Asiatique 7069:Jewish philosophy 7065: 7064: 7057: 7022:original research 6994:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 6924:Eastern religions 6872:Baylor University 6870:, a professor at 6774:) ceremonies are 6738:Islamic movements 6555:Najm al-Din Kubra 6536:Ruzbihan al-Baqli 6259:Abu Haggag Mosque 6182: 6181: 6146:Saints portal 6029: 6014: 6006: 5985: 5977: 5969: 5961: 5940: 5932: 5924: 5916: 5908: 5893: 5878: 5870: 5862: 5854: 5839: 5831: 5823: 5815: 5788:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 5777: 5769: 5761: 5753: 5738: 5730: 5722: 5718:Murtada al-Zabidi 5714: 5706: 5691: 5683: 5675: 5667: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5603: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5509: 5501: 5493: 5478: 5470: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5386: 5371: 5363: 5341: 5333: 5318: 5303: 5288: 5280: 5272: 5264: 5256: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5150:Al-Insan al-Kamil 5139:Mystical theories 5119:Ibn 'Arabi Mosque 5068:. After making a 5002:Sidi Ahmed Tijani 4933:Nizamuddin Auliya 4917:Moinuddin Chishti 4901:Moinuddin Chishti 4737:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4732:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4702:Junayd of Baghdad 4168:Nizamuddin Auliya 4160:Moinuddin Chishti 3989:Persian miniature 3878: 3405:Junayd of Baghdad 3299:Iberian Peninsula 3144:Attar of Nishapur 3043:al-Insan al-Kamil 2922:El Hadj Umar Tall 2834:Sarwari Qadiriyya 2779:Junayd of Baghdad 2605:Attar of Nishapur 2447:Moinuddin Chishti 2355:Ibrahim ibn Adham 2152:throughout Iran. 2094:Ali ibn Abi Talib 2077:al-Insān al-Kāmil 1874:Umayyad Caliphate 1835:Junayd of Baghdad 1790: 1752:History of Sufism 1550:Islamic movements 1545:and attacks from 1492:Umayyad Caliphate 1465:spiritual station 1364: 1344: 1325: 1324: 1255:Deobandi jihadism 660: 659: 102:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 16:(Redirected from 26787: 26747: 26746: 26745: 26735: 26734: 26726: 26708: 26698: 26697: 26576:Papua New Guinea 26551:Marshall Islands 26378:Northern Ireland 25583: 25582: 25572: 25571: 25456:Secular theology 25451:Secular humanism 24736: 24735: 24725: 24724: 24600:Ancestral Pueblo 24275: 24274: 23894: 23893: 23571: 23570: 22974: 22973: 22730:Shaiva Siddhanta 22661: 22660: 22594:Korean shamanism 22473: 22472: 22464: 22463: 22360: 22359: 22273:Mahdawi movement 22143:Swedenborgianism 22123:Christadelphians 21769: 21768: 21760: 21759: 21751: 21750: 21738: 21737: 21723: 21716: 21709: 21700: 21699: 21686: 21685: 21678:Islam portal 21676: 21675: 21674: 21456: 21455: 21448: 21442: 21441: 21283:Medieval science 21226: 21225: 21216: 21210: 21209: 20867:Economic history 20850: 20849: 20826: 20825: 20812:Islam by country 20597:Bektashi Alevism 20235: 20234: 20226:Outline of Islam 20208: 20201: 20194: 20185: 20184: 19880: 19879: 19641: 19640: 19459: 19458: 19435:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 19417:Awn ibn Abdullāh 19404:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 19374:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 19240: 19239: 19084: 19083: 19053:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 19022:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 18991:Khashabiyya Shia 18927:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 18885:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 18668:Imadaddin Nasimi 18573: 18572: 18470: 18469: 18341:Salafi Modernism 18244:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 18211: 18210: 18202: 18201: 18189: 18188: 18085:Awail Al Maqalat 17967:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 17947: 17946: 17877:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 17832:Isma'ili Shi'ism 17820:Wilayat al-faqih 17800:Hisham ibn Hakam 17785:Allamah Al-Hilli 17009:Muhammad Mayyara 16801: 16800: 16671: 16670: 16664: 16663: 16639: 16638: 16631:Islamic theology 16624: 16617: 16610: 16601: 16600: 16554:Hikam al-Ataiyya 16511: 16504: 16497: 16488: 16487: 16209:Sufi metaphysics 16165: 16107: 15998: 15966: 15954: 15892: 15880: 15868: 15806: 15779: 15767: 15755: 15743: 15716: 15704: 15682: 15640: 15628: 15611: 15599: 15474: 15462: 15418: 15355:Nass al-Houdhour 15346: 15319: 15229: 15222: 15215: 15206: 15205: 15194: 15157:Emir Abdel-Kader 14986:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi 14980:Shaqiq al-Balkhi 14944:Sufyan al-Thawri 14916: 14915: 14714: 14697: 14683: 14669: 14655: 14641: 14631: 14617: 14603: 14589: 14575: 14561: 14547: 14533: 14519: 14505: 14478: 14471: 14464: 14455: 14454: 14444: 14423: 14414: 14388: 14364: 14359:. Archived from 14345: 14321: 14284: 14263: 14239: 14218: 14197: 14176: 14157: 14138: 14114: 14090: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14063: 14048: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14038: 14013: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14002: 13983: 13977: 13970: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13959: 13942: 13936: 13935: 13909: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13899: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13862: 13856: 13855:, p. 14-15. 13850: 13844: 13843: 13834: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13823: 13807: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13797: 13783: 13777: 13765: 13759: 13753: 13747: 13746: 13744: 13742: 13719: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13708: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13658: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13624: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13556: 13550: 13549: 13547: 13545: 13522: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13511: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13486: 13463: 13457: 13451: 13445: 13430: 13424: 13418: 13412: 13411:, p. 28-29. 13406: 13400: 13399: 13371: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13360: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13327: 13319:RAND Corporation 13316: 13307: 13301: 13300: 13298: 13296: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13266: 13257:. Dec 18, 2008. 13247: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13220: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13209: 13198:"Mystical power" 13190: 13184: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13150: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13116: 13110: 13109: 13107: 13106: 13078: 13072: 13070: 13069: 13068: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13033: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13004: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12968: 12959: 12958: 12956: 12954: 12945:. Archived from 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12917:November 5, 2012 12908: 12902: 12901: 12889: 12883: 12882: 12880: 12878: 12856: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12823: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12812: 12795: 12789: 12788: 12786: 12784: 12763: 12757: 12756: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12695: 12689: 12688: 12683:. Archived from 12669: 12663: 12662: 12630: 12624: 12623: 12596: 12590: 12589: 12562: 12556: 12555: 12544:. pp. 3–4. 12520: 12514: 12513: 12490: 12484: 12483: 12478:. Archived from 12472:institute.global 12464: 12458: 12457: 12426: 12420: 12419: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12358: 12352: 12351: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12290: 12284: 12283: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12124:, an imprint of 12111: 12105: 12104: 12091:Brill Publishers 12080: 12074: 12073: 12046:Leonard Lewisohn 12042: 12036: 12035: 12007: 12001: 12000: 11974: 11968: 11967: 11966:. 11 March 2023. 11956: 11950: 11949: 11938: 11932: 11929: 11923: 11916: 11910: 11907:Zinda Shah Madar 11904: 11898: 11897: 11883: 11877: 11876: 11848: 11842: 11841: 11821: 11812: 11811: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11775: 11766: 11763: 11757: 11754: 11748: 11745: 11739: 11736: 11730: 11727: 11721: 11718: 11712: 11709: 11703: 11702: 11684: 11678: 11677: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11605: 11599: 11598: 11578: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11568: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11506: 11500: 11499: 11493: 11489: 11487: 11479: 11477: 11476: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11441: 11435: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11395: 11389: 11382: 11376: 11369: 11363: 11356: 11350: 11349: 11343: 11339: 11337: 11329: 11309: 11303: 11288: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11251: 11245: 11226: 11220: 11205: 11199: 11185: 11176: 11175:1 (2012), p. 123 11169: 11163: 11162: 11146: 11137: 11136: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11116: 11104: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11094: 11083: 11077: 11070: 11061: 11054: 11048: 11041: 11035: 11028: 11022: 11015: 11009: 11008: 10999: 10997: 10974: 10968: 10967: 10950: 10944: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10865: 10859: 10858: 10850: 10841: 10840: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10786:Seekers Guidance 10777: 10771: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10721: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10693: 10691: 10676: 10663: 10662: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10630: 10624: 10609: 10603: 10602: 10597:. Archived from 10591: 10585: 10584: 10579:. Archived from 10573: 10567: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10544:. Archived from 10538: 10532: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10502: 10493: 10487: 10472: 10466: 10447: 10441: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10371: 10365: 10355: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10328: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10305: 10289: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10268: 10252: 10246: 10240: 10234: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10193: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10138: 10132: 10131: 10121: 10115: 10109: 10103: 10102: 10094: 10088: 10082: 10073: 10067: 10061: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10014: 10008: 10001: 9995: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9930: 9917: 9908: 9885: 9879: 9865: 9859: 9858: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9818:. Archived from 9808: 9802: 9799:Chodkiewicz 1995 9796: 9790: 9784: 9778: 9777:, p. 184–6. 9772: 9766: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9725:. Archived from 9715:John L. Esposito 9706: 9695: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9644: 9638: 9623: 9617: 9602: 9596: 9589: 9583: 9576: 9570: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9507: 9501: 9494: 9488: 9481: 9475: 9468: 9459: 9454: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9418:. Archived from 9404: 9395: 9388: 9379: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9345: 9339: 9325: 9319: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9292: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9247: 9238: 9237: 9203: 9194: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9095: 9094: 9074: 9068: 9062: 9056: 9041: 9035: 9020: 9014: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8910: 8899: 8898: 8897: 8896: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8834: 8828: 8822: 8813: 8812: 8794: 8785: 8768: 8762: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8743:. Archived from 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8662: 8656: 8655: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8569: 8563: 8562: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8528: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8499: 8493: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8452: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8416: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8386: 8380: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8341: 8335: 8328: 8322: 8315: 8309: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8268:(2nd ed.). 8257: 8251: 8244: 8235: 8234: 8205:Brill Publishers 8192: 8186: 8185: 8164:Brill Publishers 8145: 8139: 8132: 8126: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8082: 8069: 8068: 8067:on June 3, 2010. 8052: 8037: 8036: 8020: 8011: 8010: 8002: 7993: 7992: 7987:. Archived from 7976: 7965: 7964: 7954: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7917: 7909: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7813: 7802: 7801: 7778: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7738: 7730: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7678: 7669: 7668: 7647:Brill Publishers 7641:. Vol. 10. 7633:Heinrichs, W. P. 7620: 7599: 7598: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7432: 7421: 7420: 7413: 7396: 7387:Ruwaym ibn Ahmad 7371: 7144:Chovot HaLevavot 7119: 7098:Chovot HaLevavot 7095:under the title 7089:Judah ibn Tibbon 7085:Bahya ibn Paquda 7060: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7040: 7037:inline citations 7013: 7012: 7005: 6989:Mansur al-Hallaj 6888:RAND Corporation 6884:Muslim extremist 6851:satirical figure 6620:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 6604: 6563:Najm al-Din Razi 6559:jointly-authored 6551: 6532: 6513: 6494: 6429: 6406: 6387: 6368:history of Islam 6312: 6289: 6220:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6215:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6174: 6167: 6160: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6132:Islam portal 6130: 6129: 6128: 6118: 6117: 6105: 6104: 6061: 6027: 6026: 6012: 6004: 5983: 5975: 5967: 5959: 5938: 5930: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5905: 5891: 5890: 5876: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5851: 5837: 5829: 5821: 5813: 5775: 5767: 5759: 5751: 5750: 5736: 5728: 5720: 5712: 5704: 5703: 5695:Mustafa al-Bakri 5689: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5639:Ahmad al-Maqqari 5633: 5625: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5560: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5521: 5507: 5499: 5491: 5490: 5482:Ibn al-Zamalkani 5476: 5468: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5423: 5415: 5407: 5399: 5398: 5384: 5383: 5369: 5361: 5339: 5331: 5330: 5316: 5315: 5301: 5300: 5286: 5278: 5270: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5239: 5231: 5223: 5204: 5196:Wahdat al-Shuhud 5183:Related articles 5177: 5164: 5124:Konya Manuscript 5088: 5087: 5039:Sayyid Badiuddin 5034:Sayyed Badiuddin 4982:Shams al-Ma'arif 4977:Islamic theology 4799:Geometric tiling 4682: 4466:Sufi metaphysics 4404:Muhammad Emin Er 4235: 4234: 4226: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4030: 3952:, among others. 3930:Indian classical 3879: 3804: 3803: 3727:The practice of 3387:William Chittick 3288:jurist and judge 3174:Qaṣīdat al-Burda 3112:Mansur Al-Hallaj 2958:George Gurdjieff 2711:photographed by 2698:Wahhabi movement 2535:Mughal miniature 2405:(c. 1650–1660), 2359:Ma`ruf al-Karkhi 2345:like his fellow 2087:Absolute Reality 2080: 2068: 2060: 2053:They strive for 2049: 2043: 2035: 2027: 1999: 1991: 1983: 1931:(purification). 1913:Jabir ibn Hayyan 1837:regarded Ali as 1785: 1783: 1714: 1713: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1680: 1660: 1652: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1572:The Arabic word 1537: 1482: 1474: 1462: 1451:linking back to 1446: 1438: 1430: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1404: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1349: 1339: 1337: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1289:Islam portal 1287: 1286: 1285: 685: 662: 661: 652: 645: 638: 626:Islam portal 624: 623: 622: 557:Topics in Sufism 229:Sufi metaphysics 105: 104: 64: 58: 57: 44: 43: 21: 26795: 26794: 26790: 26789: 26788: 26786: 26785: 26784: 26755: 26754: 26753: 26743: 26741: 26729: 26721: 26719: 26714: 26678: 26605: 26586:Solomon Islands 26522: 26394: 26298:North Macedonia 26139: 25864: 25577: 25558: 25519:Mass gatherings 25487: 25482: 25475: 25414: 25409: 25400: 25334:Religiocentrism 25314:National church 25182: 25179: 25171: 25086: 25079: 25016: 24938:Bodies of water 24730: 24715: 24500:Jamaican Maroon 24282: 24257: 24194: 24024: 24017: 23888: 23886: 23875: 23840: 23814:Trinidad Orisha 23599: 23592: 23565: 23558: 23485: 23448: 23434:Washat Dreamers 23157: 23150: 23046: 23028: 22955: 22929:Srilankan Vedda 22880: 22808: 22683:Sri Vaishnavism 22646: 22608: 22580: 22538: 22445: 22419: 22386: 22345: 22299: 22224:Twelver Shi'ism 22166: 22028:Neo-charismatic 22001:Presbyterianism 21853: 21745: 21732: 21727: 21697: 21692: 21672: 21670: 21654: 21576:Cultural Muslim 21547: 21514: 21460:Other religions 21450: 21446: 21428: 21363: 21330: 21277: 21220: 21218:Islamic studies 21214: 21196: 21030: 20975: 20952: 20899: 20844: 20843: 20816: 20765:Moral teachings 20708: 20690: 20664:Nation of Islam 20577:Twelver Shi'ism 20514: 20480:Religious texts 20474: 20392:Early conquests 20375: 20357: 20309: 20229: 20218: 20212: 20182: 20169: 20125: 20082: 20053:Ahmed Raza Khan 20034: 19988: 19978:Fethullah Gülen 19953:Nation of Islam 19874: 19871: 19861: 19804: 19781:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 19709: 19701: 19634: 19630: 19618: 19539:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 19509: 19444: 19429:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 19387: 19304: 19233: 19230: 19227: 19223: 19211: 19162: 19075: 19063: 18997: 18871: 18864: 18832:Hassan-i Sabbah 18715: 18707: 18579: 18566: 18562: 18558: 18554: 18542: 18507:Hasan al-Utrush 18455: 18421:Ahmed Raza Khan 18367: 18359: 18266:Dawud al-Zahiri 18217: 18196: 18175: 18153: 18102: 18049: 18009:Kitab al-Tawhid 17934: 17896: 17826: 17753:Hasan al-Askari 17728:Ja'far al-Sadiq 17690:Twelver Shi'ism 17684: 17656:Salafi Jihadism 17651:Osama bin Laden 17634:Safar Al-Hawali 17595:Saleh Al-Fawzan 17529: 17499: 17492:Sahib ibn Abbad 17487:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 17452:Ja'far ibn Harb 17417:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 17414: 17406: 17374: 17335:ī (Muqātilīyya) 17315: 17273: 17229:Shah Abdul Aziz 17102: 17094: 17048: 17034:Ahmad al-Dardir 16919:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 16807: 16786: 16758: 16730: 16697: 16658: 16657: 16633: 16628: 16598: 16593: 16520: 16515: 16485: 16480: 16394: 16243: 16234:Sufi psychology 16224:Sufi philosophy 16204:Sufi literature 16159: 16145: 16101: 16047: 16011: 15992: 15960: 15948: 15886: 15874: 15862: 15836: 15800: 15773: 15761: 15749: 15737: 15710: 15698: 15676: 15634: 15622: 15605: 15593: 15572: 15468: 15456: 15442: 15431: 15412: 15410:The Seven ranks 15340: 15313: 15239: 15233: 15203: 15198: 15180: 15169:Omar al-Mukhtar 15097: 15062: 15045:Sahl al-Tustari 14991: 14932:Malik ibn Dinar 14905: 14876:Kashf al-Mahjub 14858:Sufi literature 14852: 14848:Sufi philosophy 14781: 14715: 14706: 14686:Ahmad al-Tijani 14578:Ahmad al-Badawi 14564:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 14487: 14482: 14452: 14447: 14441: 14411: 14385: 14342: 14334:. Noura Books. 14281: 14260: 14236: 14215: 14194: 14173: 14154: 14135: 14111: 14076: 14071: 14070: 14061: 14059: 14050: 14049: 14045: 14036: 14034: 14014: 14010: 14000: 13998: 13995:Brooklyn Museum 13985: 13984: 13980: 13971: 13967: 13957: 13955: 13943: 13939: 13924: 13910: 13906: 13897: 13895: 13879: 13878: 13874: 13863: 13859: 13851: 13847: 13836: 13835: 13831: 13821: 13819: 13808: 13804: 13795: 13793: 13785: 13784: 13780: 13766: 13762: 13754: 13750: 13740: 13738: 13736: 13720: 13716: 13706: 13704: 13702: 13686: 13682: 13675: 13659: 13655: 13645: 13643: 13641: 13625: 13621: 13611: 13609: 13607: 13591: 13587: 13577: 13575: 13573: 13557: 13553: 13543: 13541: 13539: 13523: 13519: 13509: 13507: 13498: 13494: 13484: 13482: 13480: 13464: 13460: 13452: 13448: 13431: 13427: 13419: 13415: 13407: 13403: 13372: 13368: 13358: 13356: 13345: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13325: 13314: 13308: 13304: 13294: 13292: 13279: 13278: 13274: 13264: 13262: 13249: 13248: 13244: 13234: 13232: 13221: 13217: 13207: 13205: 13194:Jenkins, Philip 13191: 13187: 13178: 13174: 13167: 13151: 13147: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13117: 13113: 13104: 13102: 13095: 13079: 13075: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13044: 13040: 13031: 13029: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13005: 12998: 12988: 12986: 12969: 12962: 12952: 12950: 12937: 12936: 12932: 12922: 12920: 12909: 12905: 12890: 12886: 12876: 12874: 12857: 12848: 12838: 12836: 12825: 12824: 12820: 12810: 12808: 12797: 12796: 12792: 12782: 12780: 12764: 12760: 12753: 12730: 12726: 12719: 12711:. p. 358. 12696: 12692: 12671: 12670: 12666: 12659: 12649:Springer Nature 12631: 12627: 12620: 12597: 12593: 12586: 12563: 12559: 12552: 12521: 12517: 12507: 12491: 12487: 12482:on 15 May 2021. 12466: 12465: 12461: 12454: 12427: 12423: 12399: 12398: 12394: 12383: 12359: 12355: 12348: 12340:. p. 129. 12328: 12324: 12314: 12291: 12287: 12280: 12272:. p. 276. 12257: 12253: 12246: 12238:. p. 170. 12222:Aaron W. Hughes 12219: 12215: 12208: 12200:. p. 401. 12192:. New York and 12181: 12177: 12170: 12162:. p. 424. 12150:Jay L. Garfield 12147: 12143: 12136: 12128:. p. 122. 12112: 12108: 12101: 12081: 12077: 12066: 12054:. Vol. 1. 12043: 12039: 12032: 12010:Lloyd Ridgeon, 12008: 12004: 11975: 11971: 11958: 11957: 11953: 11940: 11939: 11935: 11930: 11926: 11917: 11913: 11905: 11901: 11884: 11880: 11865: 11849: 11845: 11822: 11815: 11804: 11803: 11799: 11792: 11776: 11769: 11764: 11760: 11755: 11751: 11746: 11742: 11737: 11733: 11728: 11724: 11719: 11715: 11710: 11706: 11699: 11685: 11681: 11674: 11660: 11656: 11649: 11633: 11629: 11622: 11606: 11602: 11595: 11579: 11575: 11566: 11564: 11555: 11554: 11550: 11540: 11538: 11536:Deenislam.co.uk 11530: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11508: 11507: 11503: 11491: 11490: 11481: 11480: 11474: 11472: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11442: 11438: 11421: 11417: 11407: 11405: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11383: 11379: 11370: 11366: 11357: 11353: 11341: 11340: 11331: 11330: 11326: 11310: 11306: 11289: 11285: 11277: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11252: 11248: 11227: 11223: 11206: 11202: 11186: 11179: 11170: 11166: 11147: 11140: 11127: 11123: 11114: 11112: 11105: 11101: 11092: 11090: 11085: 11084: 11080: 11071: 11064: 11055: 11051: 11042: 11038: 11029: 11025: 11016: 11012: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10975: 10971: 10951: 10947: 10934: 10930: 10919:"Mawrid Reader" 10917: 10916: 10912: 10903: 10901: 10892: 10891: 10887: 10880: 10866: 10862: 10851: 10844: 10829: 10825: 10815: 10813: 10805: 10804: 10800: 10790: 10788: 10778: 10774: 10765: 10761: 10752: 10751: 10747: 10736: 10732: 10719: 10717: 10707: 10703: 10689: 10687: 10677: 10666: 10657: 10656: 10652: 10643: 10641: 10632: 10631: 10627: 10610: 10606: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10575: 10574: 10570: 10565: 10561: 10551: 10549: 10540: 10539: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10506: 10504: 10500: 10494: 10490: 10473: 10469: 10449:The meaning of 10448: 10444: 10415: 10411: 10398: 10397: 10393: 10384: 10382: 10372: 10368: 10356: 10352: 10344: 10340: 10329: 10322: 10312: 10310: 10303: 10290: 10286: 10276: 10274: 10266: 10253: 10249: 10241: 10237: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10194: 10187: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10168: 10157: 10153: 10139: 10135: 10122: 10118: 10110: 10106: 10095: 10091: 10083: 10076: 10068: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10029: 10015: 10011: 10002: 9998: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9954: 9950: 9943: 9918: 9911: 9886: 9882: 9866: 9862: 9855: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9801:, Introduction. 9797: 9793: 9785: 9781: 9773: 9769: 9753: 9749: 9738: 9734: 9707: 9698: 9690:Victor Danner, 9689: 9685: 9675: 9673: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9646: 9645: 9641: 9624: 9620: 9603: 9599: 9590: 9586: 9577: 9573: 9540: 9536: 9527: 9526: 9522: 9509: 9508: 9504: 9495: 9491: 9485:What is Sufism? 9482: 9478: 9469: 9462: 9438: 9434: 9425: 9423: 9406: 9405: 9398: 9392:What is Sufism? 9389: 9382: 9373: 9369: 9362: 9346: 9342: 9326: 9322: 9309: 9305: 9297: 9290: 9273: 9269: 9262: 9248: 9241: 9226: 9204: 9197: 9192: 9188: 9181: 9164: 9160: 9151: 9149: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9115: 9098: 9091: 9075: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9055:, 9781403960276 9042: 9038: 9021: 9017: 8993: 8989: 8981: 8965: 8961: 8911: 8902: 8894: 8892: 8881: 8877: 8866: 8865: 8861: 8854: 8835: 8831: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8795: 8788: 8777:, WorldWisdom, 8769: 8765: 8756: 8752: 8741:IslamOnline.net 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8688: 8684: 8674: 8672: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8644:. Tauba Press. 8636: 8632: 8623: 8621: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8597: 8593: 8586: 8570: 8566: 8555: 8554: 8550: 8543: 8529: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8491: 8487: 8479: 8475: 8465: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8441: 8437: 8424:New Westminster 8417: 8410: 8402: 8398: 8387: 8383: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8342: 8338: 8332:What is Sufism? 8329: 8325: 8316: 8312: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8274:Springer Verlag 8258: 8254: 8248:What is Sufism? 8245: 8238: 8223: 8193: 8189: 8182: 8158:. Vol. V. 8146: 8142: 8133: 8129: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8098: 8094: 8083: 8072: 8053: 8040: 8021: 8014: 8003: 7996: 7979:Howell, Julia. 7977: 7968: 7931: 7927: 7911: 7910: 7898: 7882: 7878: 7863: 7846: 7839: 7826: 7824: 7814: 7805: 7798: 7779: 7772: 7763: 7761: 7753: 7752: 7748: 7732: 7731: 7719: 7703: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7680: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7625:Bosworth, C. E. 7621: 7602: 7567:Studia Islamica 7559: 7555: 7548: 7532: 7528: 7501:Islamic Studies 7493: 7489: 7479: 7477: 7470: 7433: 7424: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7330: 7324: 7296: 7236: 7231: 7120: 7113: 7071: 7061: 7050: 7044: 7041: 7026: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6977:Bayazid Bostami 6946:Advaita Vedanta 6942:Waḥdat al-Wujūd 6920: 6914: 6902:Hermes of Egypt 6815: 6650: 6640: 6634: 6629: 6622:(d. 1224/1809). 6598: 6591:(d. 1014/1606). 6545: 6526: 6507: 6498:Sahl al-Tustari 6488: 6470: 6423: 6400: 6381: 6306: 6283: 6273: 6271:Sufi literature 6267: 6236: 6217: 6204:wahdat al-wujud 6178: 6140: 6138: 6126: 6124: 6094: 6093: 6055: 6041: 6033: 6032: 6020: 5997: 5989: 5988: 5952: 5944: 5943: 5899: 5884: 5845: 5806: 5798: 5797: 5744: 5710:Hamid al-'Imadi 5697: 5615:Ebussuud Efendi 5599:Ibn Kamal Pasha 5554: 5515: 5484: 5461: 5453: 5452: 5405:Ibn al-Dubaythi 5392: 5377: 5353: 5345: 5344: 5324: 5309: 5294: 5247: 5216: 5208: 5207: 5198: 5189:Wahdat-al-Wujud 5171: 5158: 5140: 5086: 5036: 5025: 4969: 4967:Ahmad Al-Tijani 4953: 4903: 4860: 4792: 4749:Ahmed al-Badawi 4745:Ahmed al-Rifa’i 4734: 4718:Bayazid Bastami 4715: 4713:Bayazid Bastami 4704: 4683: 4680: 4641: 4636: 4626: 4624:Prominent Sufis 4581:Sufi psychology 4474: 4414:Ja'far al-Sadiq 4410:Sufi psychology 4388: 4329: 4263: 4213: 4207: 4104: 4098: 4018: 3981: 3893:Iraqi Kurdistan 3870: 3868: 3862:is prohibited. 3757: 3751: 3721:Eugène Girardet 3719:. La prière by 3709: 3703: 3626:ceremonies, or 3564: 3558: 3504: 3471:The mausoleum ( 3465: 3401: 3343: 3297:throughout the 3204: 3183: 3106: 3019: 2998:divine presence 2966: 2786:Madariyya Order 2752:Zaytuna College 2693: 2554:King of England 2527: 2439:Ahmed al-Rifa'i 2388: 2253: 2071:regard Muhammad 2006:Islamic prophet 1974: 1966:Main articles: 1964: 1936:Uwais al-Qarani 1893:Bayazid Bastami 1870:Islamic history 1833:. Furthermore, 1759: 1754: 1748: 1644: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1570: 1488:Islamic history 1405: 1321: 1283: 1281: 1274: 1273: 1250:Salafi jihadism 1208:Other religions 1203:Arabic language 1165: 1155: 1154: 1083:Moral teachings 974: 960: 959: 950:Spread of Islam 895: 885: 884: 872:(jurisprudence) 854:Qisas al-Anbiya 803: 802: 782: 781: 750: 740: 739: 695: 656: 620: 618: 613: 612: 558: 550: 549: 530: 522: 521: 492:Haqqani Anjuman 332: 322: 321: 277: 269: 268: 244:Sufi psychology 234:Sufi philosophy 90: 82: 81:, Baghdad, Iraq 60: 59: 48: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26793: 26783: 26782: 26777: 26772: 26767: 26752: 26751: 26739: 26716: 26715: 26713: 26712: 26702: 26691: 26688: 26687: 26684: 26683: 26680: 26679: 26677: 26676: 26671: 26666: 26661: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26621: 26615: 26613: 26607: 26606: 26604: 26603: 26598: 26593: 26588: 26583: 26578: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26548: 26543: 26538: 26532: 26530: 26524: 26523: 26521: 26520: 26515: 26510: 26505: 26500: 26495: 26490: 26485: 26480: 26475: 26470: 26465: 26460: 26455: 26450: 26445: 26440: 26435: 26430: 26425: 26420: 26415: 26410: 26404: 26402: 26396: 26395: 26393: 26392: 26391: 26390: 26385: 26380: 26375: 26368:United Kingdom 26365: 26360: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26340: 26335: 26330: 26325: 26320: 26315: 26310: 26305: 26300: 26295: 26290: 26285: 26280: 26275: 26270: 26265: 26260: 26255: 26250: 26245: 26240: 26235: 26230: 26225: 26220: 26215: 26210: 26205: 26200: 26195: 26190: 26185: 26180: 26175: 26170: 26165: 26160: 26155: 26149: 26147: 26141: 26140: 26138: 26137: 26132: 26127: 26122: 26117: 26112: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26092: 26087: 26082: 26077: 26072: 26067: 26062: 26057: 26052: 26047: 26042: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26022: 26017: 26012: 26007: 26002: 25997: 25996: 25995: 25990: 25980: 25975: 25970: 25965: 25960: 25955: 25950: 25945: 25940: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25874: 25872: 25866: 25865: 25863: 25862: 25857: 25852: 25847: 25842: 25837: 25832: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25782: 25777: 25772: 25767: 25762: 25757: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25727: 25722: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25702: 25697: 25692: 25687: 25682: 25677: 25672: 25667: 25662: 25657: 25652: 25647: 25642: 25637: 25632: 25627: 25622: 25617: 25612: 25607: 25602: 25597: 25591: 25589: 25579: 25578: 25568: 25567: 25564: 25563: 25560: 25559: 25557: 25556: 25551: 25546: 25541: 25536: 25531: 25526: 25521: 25516: 25511: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25490: 25488: 25480: 25477: 25476: 25474: 25473: 25468: 25463: 25461:Secularization 25458: 25453: 25448: 25443: 25441:Deconstruction 25438: 25433: 25428: 25423: 25417: 25415: 25405: 25402: 25401: 25399: 25398: 25393: 25392: 25391: 25386: 25381: 25376: 25366: 25361: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25316: 25311: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25291: 25289:Fundamentalism 25286: 25285: 25284: 25279: 25274: 25269: 25259: 25254: 25249: 25244: 25243: 25242: 25237: 25232: 25222: 25221: 25220: 25215: 25210: 25196: 25191: 25185: 25183: 25176: 25173: 25172: 25170: 25169: 25164: 25159: 25154: 25153: 25152: 25142: 25137: 25132: 25127: 25122: 25117: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25097: 25091: 25089: 25081: 25080: 25078: 25077: 25072: 25067: 25062: 25057: 25052: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25026: 25024: 25018: 25017: 25015: 25014: 25013: 25012: 25007: 25002: 24992: 24987: 24982: 24977: 24972: 24967: 24962: 24957: 24956: 24955: 24950: 24945: 24940: 24930: 24929: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24908: 24903: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24878: 24873: 24868: 24863: 24862: 24861: 24856: 24851: 24841: 24836: 24831: 24826: 24821: 24816: 24811: 24806: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24781: 24776: 24767: 24765:Call to prayer 24762: 24757: 24752: 24750:Disaffiliation 24742: 24740: 24732: 24731: 24721: 24720: 24717: 24716: 24714: 24713: 24708: 24703: 24698: 24693: 24688: 24683: 24678: 24677: 24676: 24671: 24666: 24656: 24655: 24654: 24649: 24644: 24639: 24634: 24624: 24619: 24618: 24617: 24612: 24607: 24597: 24596: 24595: 24590: 24580: 24579: 24578: 24573: 24568: 24563: 24553: 24548: 24547: 24546: 24536: 24535: 24534: 24529: 24519: 24514: 24513: 24512: 24502: 24497: 24492: 24487: 24482: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24466: 24465: 24460: 24455: 24450: 24448:Greco-Buddhism 24445: 24435: 24434: 24433: 24428: 24423: 24418: 24408: 24403: 24402: 24401: 24391: 24386: 24381: 24380: 24379: 24369: 24364: 24359: 24358: 24357: 24352: 24342: 24337: 24336: 24335: 24330: 24325: 24315: 24310: 24305: 24300: 24299: 24298: 24287: 24284: 24283: 24271: 24270: 24267: 24266: 24263: 24262: 24259: 24258: 24256: 24255: 24254: 24253: 24243: 24238: 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24202: 24200: 24196: 24195: 24193: 24192: 24191: 24190: 24178: 24173: 24172: 24171: 24166: 24161: 24156: 24151: 24146: 24141: 24131: 24126: 24121: 24116: 24111: 24106: 24101: 24096: 24091: 24090: 24089: 24079: 24078: 24077: 24072: 24062: 24061: 24060: 24055: 24045: 24040: 24039: 24038: 24029: 24027: 24019: 24018: 24016: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23999: 23998: 23993: 23983: 23978: 23973: 23968: 23963: 23962: 23961: 23951: 23946: 23941: 23936: 23931: 23926: 23921: 23916: 23911: 23906: 23900: 23898: 23891: 23881: 23880: 23877: 23876: 23874: 23873: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23852: 23850: 23846: 23845: 23842: 23841: 23839: 23838: 23837: 23836: 23831: 23826: 23821: 23816: 23811: 23809:Tambor de Mina 23806: 23801: 23796: 23791: 23786: 23781: 23776: 23771: 23766: 23765: 23764: 23759: 23754: 23735: 23734: 23733: 23732: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23697: 23692: 23687: 23682: 23677: 23672: 23667: 23662: 23657: 23652: 23647: 23642: 23637: 23636: 23635: 23630: 23620: 23615: 23610: 23604: 23602: 23594: 23593: 23591: 23590: 23589: 23588: 23586:Guanche church 23577: 23575: 23568: 23560: 23559: 23557: 23556: 23551: 23546: 23541: 23536: 23531: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23495: 23493: 23491:Tibeto-Burmese 23487: 23486: 23484: 23483: 23478: 23473: 23468: 23462: 23460: 23450: 23449: 23447: 23446: 23441: 23436: 23431: 23426: 23421: 23420: 23419: 23414: 23404: 23399: 23397:Nuu-chah-nulth 23394: 23389: 23384: 23379: 23378: 23377: 23372: 23367: 23362: 23352: 23347: 23342: 23341: 23340: 23330: 23325: 23320: 23319: 23318: 23313: 23308: 23306:Muscogee Creek 23303: 23298: 23288: 23283: 23278: 23273: 23264: 23259: 23254: 23249: 23248: 23247: 23242: 23232: 23231: 23230: 23225: 23220: 23215: 23205: 23200: 23195: 23194: 23193: 23188: 23183: 23173: 23168: 23162: 23160: 23152: 23151: 23149: 23148: 23143: 23141:Sumbese Marapu 23138: 23137: 23136: 23131: 23121: 23120: 23119: 23109: 23104: 23099: 23094: 23093: 23092: 23087: 23079: 23078: 23077: 23072: 23062: 23060:Batak Parmalim 23056: 23054: 23048: 23047: 23045: 23044: 23038: 23036: 23030: 23029: 23027: 23026: 23025: 23024: 23019: 23009: 23008: 23007: 23002: 22997: 22982: 22980: 22971: 22965: 22964: 22961: 22960: 22957: 22956: 22954: 22953: 22952: 22951: 22946: 22936: 22931: 22926: 22921: 22916: 22915: 22914: 22909: 22899: 22894: 22888: 22886: 22882: 22881: 22879: 22878: 22871: 22866: 22865: 22864: 22854: 22853: 22852: 22847: 22842: 22824: 22818: 22816: 22810: 22809: 22807: 22806: 22799: 22794: 22789: 22784: 22779: 22774: 22769: 22768: 22767: 22762: 22757: 22752: 22747: 22742: 22737: 22732: 22722: 22721: 22720: 22715: 22710: 22705: 22700: 22695: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22669: 22667: 22658: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22647: 22645: 22644: 22639: 22634: 22629: 22624: 22618: 22616: 22610: 22609: 22607: 22606: 22601: 22596: 22590: 22588: 22582: 22581: 22579: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22562: 22561: 22548: 22546: 22540: 22539: 22537: 22536: 22535: 22534: 22529: 22519: 22518: 22517: 22512: 22502: 22497: 22492: 22487: 22481: 22479: 22470: 22461: 22455: 22454: 22451: 22450: 22447: 22446: 22444: 22443: 22438: 22433: 22427: 22425: 22421: 22420: 22418: 22417: 22412: 22407: 22402: 22396: 22394: 22388: 22387: 22385: 22384: 22379: 22374: 22372:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 22368: 22366: 22357: 22351: 22350: 22347: 22346: 22344: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22313: 22307: 22305: 22301: 22300: 22298: 22297: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22275: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22259: 22258: 22248: 22243: 22242: 22241: 22236: 22231: 22226: 22216: 22215: 22214: 22213: 22212: 22207: 22197: 22192: 22187: 22176: 22174: 22168: 22167: 22165: 22164: 22157: 22156: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22140: 22135: 22130: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22109:Bible Students 22101: 22096: 22091: 22086: 22081: 22079:Restorationism 22076: 22075: 22074: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22058: 22057: 22047: 22042: 22037: 22035:Evangelicalism 22032: 22031: 22030: 22025: 22020: 22010: 22009: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21988: 21983: 21978: 21977: 21976: 21971: 21966: 21961: 21956: 21946: 21936: 21935: 21934: 21929: 21915: 21914: 21913: 21908: 21898: 21893: 21892: 21891: 21881: 21880: 21879: 21874: 21863: 21861: 21855: 21854: 21852: 21851: 21844: 21839: 21834: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21814: 21809: 21808: 21807: 21806: 21805: 21795: 21794: 21793: 21777: 21775: 21766: 21757: 21747: 21746: 21734: 21733: 21726: 21725: 21718: 21711: 21703: 21694: 21693: 21691: 21690: 21680: 21667: 21664: 21663: 21660: 21659: 21656: 21655: 21653: 21652: 21647: 21642: 21637: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21617: 21612: 21611: 21610: 21600: 21599: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21578: 21573: 21572: 21571: 21566: 21555: 21553: 21552:Related topics 21549: 21548: 21546: 21545: 21540: 21535: 21530: 21524: 21522: 21516: 21515: 21513: 21512: 21507: 21502: 21497: 21492: 21487: 21486: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21464: 21462: 21452: 21451: 21438: 21437: 21434: 21433: 21430: 21429: 21427: 21426: 21421: 21414: 21409: 21408: 21407: 21397: 21392: 21387: 21382: 21377: 21371: 21369: 21365: 21364: 21362: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21340: 21338: 21332: 21331: 21329: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21313: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21293: 21287: 21285: 21279: 21278: 21276: 21275: 21270: 21265: 21260: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21234: 21232: 21222: 21221: 21206: 21205: 21202: 21201: 21198: 21197: 21195: 21194: 21189: 21188: 21187: 21175: 21173:Sources of law 21170: 21165: 21164: 21163: 21153: 21146: 21141: 21134: 21129: 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21102: 21097: 21092: 21087: 21080: 21073: 21072: 21071: 21066: 21061: 21051: 21046: 21038: 21036: 21032: 21031: 21029: 21028: 21021: 21014: 21007: 21000: 20993: 20986: 20978: 20976: 20974: 20973: 20968: 20963: 20957: 20954: 20953: 20951: 20950: 20943: 20938: 20931: 20924: 20917: 20909: 20907: 20901: 20900: 20898: 20897: 20890: 20883: 20876: 20869: 20864: 20858: 20856: 20846: 20845: 20842: 20841: 20836: 20830: 20822: 20821: 20818: 20817: 20815: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20797:Social welfare 20794: 20789: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20711: 20709: 20707: 20706: 20701: 20695: 20692: 20691: 20689: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20677: 20676: 20666: 20661: 20660: 20659: 20654: 20653: 20652: 20647: 20646: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20622: 20608: 20607: 20606: 20601: 20600: 20599: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20569: 20564: 20563: 20562: 20561: 20560: 20550: 20545: 20540: 20535: 20524: 20522: 20516: 20515: 20513: 20512: 20505: 20500: 20495: 20490: 20484: 20482: 20476: 20475: 20473: 20472: 20471: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20455: 20450: 20445: 20440: 20435: 20423: 20418: 20411: 20404: 20402:Historiography 20399: 20394: 20389: 20384: 20378: 20376: 20374: 20373: 20368: 20362: 20359: 20358: 20356: 20355: 20348: 20341: 20334: 20327: 20319: 20317: 20311: 20310: 20308: 20307: 20302: 20297: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20274: 20273: 20263: 20256: 20255: 20254: 20243: 20241: 20231: 20230: 20223: 20220: 20219: 20211: 20210: 20203: 20196: 20188: 20179: 20178: 20175: 20174: 20171: 20170: 20168: 20167: 20162: 20157: 20152: 20147: 20142: 20134: 20131: 20130: 20127: 20126: 20124: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20092: 20090: 20084: 20083: 20081: 20080: 20075: 20074: 20073: 20068: 20059: 20044: 20042: 20036: 20035: 20033: 20032: 20031: 20030: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20007:Muhammad Abduh 19998: 19996: 19990: 19989: 19987: 19986: 19985: 19984: 19966: 19965: 19964: 19950: 19949: 19948: 19930: 19929: 19928: 19911: 19910: 19909: 19904: 19899: 19888: 19886: 19877: 19867: 19866: 19863: 19862: 19860: 19859: 19858: 19857: 19852: 19850:Rashad Khalifa 19842: 19841: 19840: 19835: 19833:Muhammad Iqbal 19825: 19820: 19814: 19812: 19806: 19805: 19803: 19802: 19801: 19800: 19794: 19793: 19792: 19786: 19785: 19784: 19783: 19782: 19776: 19773: 19767: 19764: 19763: 19762: 19761: 19760: 19751: 19750: 19749: 19741: 19740: 19739: 19738: 19737: 19732: 19724: 19717: 19715: 19703: 19702: 19700: 19699: 19686: 19679:Bektashi Order 19672: 19663: 19649: 19647: 19638: 19624: 19623: 19620: 19619: 19617: 19616: 19615: 19614: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19593: 19592: 19591: 19583: 19582: 19581: 19575: 19570: 19569: 19568: 19558: 19557: 19556: 19550: 19549: 19548: 19542: 19541: 19540: 19532: 19531: 19530: 19528:Abu al-Khattab 19519: 19517: 19511: 19510: 19508: 19507: 19506: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19486:Abū Hulmān al- 19479: 19476: 19475: 19474: 19467: 19465: 19456: 19450: 19449: 19446: 19445: 19443: 19442: 19441:Amr ibn Murrah 19439: 19438:Ahmad ibn Hārb 19436: 19433: 19430: 19427: 19426:Salm ibn Sālem 19424: 19421: 19418: 19415: 19412: 19409: 19406: 19401: 19395: 19393: 19389: 19388: 19386: 19385: 19384: 19383: 19377: 19376: 19375: 19369: 19368: 19367: 19361: 19360: 19359: 19358:Sāleh ibn Umar 19353: 19352: 19351: 19345: 19344: 19343: 19337: 19336: 19335: 19334:Gassān al-Kūfī 19329: 19328: 19327: 19321: 19320: 19319: 19312: 19310: 19306: 19305: 19303: 19302: 19301: 19300: 19297: 19294: 19291: 19288: 19285: 19282: 19279: 19276: 19273: 19270: 19267: 19264: 19261: 19258: 19255: 19248: 19246: 19237: 19217: 19216: 19213: 19212: 19210: 19209: 19204: 19203: 19202: 19192: 19183: 19181:Jābir ibn Zayd 19178: 19172: 19170: 19164: 19163: 19161: 19160: 19159: 19158: 19149: 19139: 19138: 19137: 19127: 19126: 19125: 19119: 19118: 19117: 19107: 19106: 19105: 19102: 19099: 19092: 19090: 19081: 19069: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19062: 19061: 19056: 19055: 19054: 19049:Tawussite Shia 19046: 19045: 19044: 19030: 19029: 19028: 19014: 19008: 19006: 18999: 18998: 18996: 18995: 18994: 18993: 18988: 18987: 18986: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18974: 18973: 18972: 18967: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18932: 18931: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18922: 18921: 18920: 18917: 18916: 18915: 18912: 18904: 18889: 18888: 18887: 18876: 18874: 18866: 18865: 18863: 18862: 18861: 18860: 18851: 18838: 18824: 18823: 18822: 18810: 18809: 18808: 18803: 18802: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18771: 18770: 18769: 18752: 18734: 18733: 18732: 18721: 18719: 18709: 18708: 18706: 18705: 18704: 18703: 18694: 18680: 18679: 18678: 18661: 18643: 18642: 18641: 18615: 18614: 18613: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18601: 18585: 18583: 18570: 18548: 18547: 18544: 18543: 18541: 18540: 18539: 18538: 18533: 18523: 18522: 18521: 18519:Imams of Yemen 18516: 18514:Yahya ibn Umar 18511: 18510: 18509: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18478: 18476: 18467: 18461: 18460: 18457: 18456: 18454: 18453: 18452: 18451: 18450: 18449: 18440: 18427: 18404: 18403: 18402: 18401: 18400: 18386: 18375: 18373: 18361: 18360: 18358: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18350: 18345: 18344: 18343: 18338: 18337: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18316: 18315: 18314: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18289: 18288: 18287: 18268: 18258: 18257: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18225: 18223: 18208: 18198: 18197: 18185: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18177: 18176: 18174: 18173: 18168: 18162: 18159: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18152: 18151: 18140: 18129: 18122:Kitab al-Majmu 18118: 18110: 18108: 18104: 18103: 18101: 18100: 18093: 18088: 18081: 18074: 18067: 18059: 18057: 18051: 18050: 18048: 18047: 18040: 18033: 18026: 18019: 18012: 18005: 17998: 17991: 17984: 17977: 17970: 17963: 17960:Asas al-Taqdis 17955: 17953: 17944: 17940: 17939: 17936: 17935: 17933: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17906: 17904: 17898: 17897: 17895: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17873: 17872: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17836: 17834: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17824: 17823: 17822: 17812: 17810:Ja'far Sobhani 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17761: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17713:Husayn ibn Ali 17710: 17705: 17694: 17692: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17672: 17671: 17670: 17660: 17659: 17658: 17648: 17646:Salman al-Ouda 17643: 17642: 17641: 17639:Sahwa movement 17631: 17629:Zubair Ali Zai 17626: 17621: 17620: 17619: 17609: 17608: 17607: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17561: 17560: 17550: 17545: 17539: 17537: 17531: 17530: 17528: 17527: 17526: 17525: 17522: 17519: 17516: 17509: 17507: 17501: 17500: 17498: 17497: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17477:Al-Zamakhshari 17474: 17473: 17472: 17462: 17456: 17453: 17450: 17447: 17441: 17438: 17435: 17432: 17429: 17422: 17420: 17408: 17407: 17405: 17404: 17384: 17382: 17376: 17375: 17373: 17372: 17362: 17361: 17360: 17352: 17336: 17325: 17323: 17317: 17316: 17314: 17313: 17312: 17311: 17310: 17309: 17296: 17295: 17294: 17283: 17281: 17275: 17274: 17272: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17214:Ahmad Sirhindi 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17110: 17108: 17096: 17095: 17093: 17092: 17082: 17075:Malik ibn Anas 17072: 17061: 17059: 17050: 17049: 17047: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16839:Al-Shahrastani 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16815: 16813: 16798: 16792: 16791: 16788: 16787: 16785: 16784: 16779: 16774: 16768: 16766: 16760: 16759: 16757: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16740: 16738: 16732: 16731: 16729: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16707: 16705: 16699: 16698: 16696: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16679: 16677: 16668: 16660: 16659: 16656: 16655: 16652: 16647: 16643: 16635: 16634: 16627: 16626: 16619: 16612: 16604: 16595: 16594: 16592: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16564:Matn Ibn Ashir 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16530: 16528: 16522: 16521: 16514: 16513: 16506: 16499: 16491: 16482: 16481: 16479: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16402: 16400: 16396: 16395: 16393: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16251: 16249: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16199:Sufism history 16196: 16194:Sufi cosmology 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16153: 16151: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16055: 16053: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16019: 16017: 16013: 16012: 16010: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15967: 15955: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15881: 15869: 15857: 15852: 15846: 15844: 15838: 15837: 15835: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15823: 15822: 15812: 15807: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15768: 15756: 15744: 15732: 15727: 15725:Sufism pillars 15722: 15717: 15705: 15693: 15688: 15686:Salat al-Fatih 15683: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15629: 15617: 15612: 15600: 15588: 15582: 15580: 15574: 15573: 15571: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15533:Lataif-e-Sitta 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15466:Aayane Thabita 15463: 15450: 15448: 15444: 15443: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15247: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15232: 15231: 15224: 15217: 15209: 15200: 15199: 15189: 15186: 15185: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15178: 15172: 15166: 15165:(d. 1302/1885) 15163:Muhammad Ahmad 15160: 15154: 15148: 15142: 15136: 15130: 15124: 15118: 15112: 15105: 15103: 15099: 15098: 15096: 15095: 15089: 15083: 15077: 15070: 15068: 15067:4th AH/10th AD 15064: 15063: 15061: 15060: 15054: 15048: 15042: 15036: 15030: 15027:Sari al-Saqati 15024: 15018: 15012: 15006: 14999: 14997: 14993: 14992: 14990: 14989: 14983: 14977: 14971: 14968:Ibn al-Mubarak 14965: 14959: 14953: 14947: 14941: 14935: 14929: 14922: 14920: 14913: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14862: 14860: 14854: 14853: 14851: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14789: 14787: 14783: 14782: 14780: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14723: 14721: 14717: 14716: 14709: 14707: 14705: 14704: 14690: 14676: 14662: 14648: 14634: 14624: 14610: 14596: 14582: 14568: 14554: 14540: 14526: 14512: 14497: 14495: 14489: 14488: 14481: 14480: 14473: 14466: 14458: 14451: 14450:External links 14448: 14446: 14445: 14439: 14424: 14422:. E.P. Dutton. 14415: 14410:978-1784790035 14409: 14401:ISF Publishing 14389: 14383: 14369:Sells, Michael 14365: 14363:on 2009-01-22. 14346: 14340: 14322: 14285: 14279: 14264: 14258: 14240: 14234: 14219: 14213: 14198: 14192: 14177: 14171: 14158: 14152: 14139: 14133: 14127:. SUNY Press. 14115: 14109: 14091: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14069: 14068: 14058:. July 5, 2016 14043: 14008: 13978: 13965: 13952:Qadri Shattari 13937: 13923:978-8171510818 13922: 13904: 13887:. 2011-07-01. 13872: 13857: 13845: 13829: 13802: 13778: 13776:, p. 371. 13760: 13748: 13734: 13714: 13700: 13680: 13673: 13653: 13639: 13619: 13605: 13585: 13571: 13551: 13537: 13517: 13492: 13478: 13458: 13446: 13425: 13421:Shah 1964–2014 13413: 13401: 13388:10.2307/598339 13366: 13339: 13302: 13272: 13242: 13215: 13185: 13172: 13165: 13145: 13131: 13125:. SUNY Press. 13111: 13093: 13073: 13060: 13038: 13027:www.soas.ac.uk 13014: 12996: 12960: 12930: 12903: 12884: 12846: 12818: 12790: 12758: 12751: 12745:. p. 65. 12735:, ed. (2015). 12724: 12717: 12701:, ed. (2006). 12690: 12664: 12657: 12651:. p. 59. 12625: 12618: 12612:. p. 30. 12602:, ed. (2013). 12591: 12584: 12578:. p. 26. 12557: 12550: 12515: 12505: 12485: 12459: 12452: 12421: 12392: 12381: 12373:Hachette India 12353: 12346: 12322: 12312: 12306:. p. 85. 12285: 12278: 12262:, ed. (2008). 12251: 12244: 12213: 12206: 12186:, ed. (2006). 12175: 12168: 12141: 12134: 12106: 12099: 12093:. p. 46. 12075: 12064: 12048:, ed. (2018). 12037: 12030: 12014:, ed. (2015). 12002: 11991:. p. 89. 11969: 11951: 11933: 11924: 11911: 11899: 11878: 11863: 11843: 11813: 11797: 11790: 11767: 11758: 11749: 11740: 11731: 11722: 11713: 11704: 11697: 11679: 11672: 11654: 11647: 11627: 11620: 11600: 11593: 11573: 11548: 11523: 11501: 11492:|website= 11459: 11436: 11415: 11390: 11384:Ahmed, Leila. 11377: 11364: 11358:Ahmed, Leila. 11351: 11342:|website= 11324: 11304: 11283: 11271: 11259: 11246: 11221: 11200: 11177: 11164: 11138: 11121: 11099: 11089:. gulfnews.com 11078: 11062: 11049: 11036: 11023: 11010: 10989: 10969: 10945: 10928: 10910: 10885: 10878: 10860: 10842: 10823: 10798: 10772: 10759: 10745: 10740:Radd al-Muhtar 10730: 10701: 10664: 10650: 10625: 10604: 10601:on 2015-06-09. 10586: 10583:on 2008-04-15. 10568: 10559: 10533: 10513: 10488: 10467: 10442: 10409: 10391: 10366: 10350: 10338: 10320: 10308:Shafiifiqh.com 10284: 10247: 10235: 10214: 10209:978-0253354877 10208: 10185: 10166: 10151: 10133: 10130:, Aisha Bewley 10116: 10114:, p. 169. 10104: 10089: 10087:, p. 130. 10074: 10072:, p. 125. 10062: 10042: 10027: 10009: 9996: 9975: 9968: 9948: 9941: 9909: 9880: 9860: 9853: 9833: 9803: 9791: 9779: 9767: 9747: 9732: 9696: 9683: 9661: 9639: 9618: 9604:Dina Le Gall, 9597: 9584: 9571: 9534: 9520: 9502: 9498:The New Yorker 9489: 9483:Martin Lings, 9476: 9460: 9432: 9410:The Muslim 500 9396: 9390:Martin Lings, 9380: 9367: 9360: 9354:. Fons Vitae. 9340: 9320: 9303: 9300:on 2015-04-14. 9280:Terræ Brasilis 9267: 9260: 9239: 9224: 9195: 9186: 9179: 9158: 9135: 9121: 9119:, p. 446. 9096: 9089: 9069: 9067:, p. 499. 9057: 9036: 9015: 8987: 8979: 8959: 8900: 8875: 8859: 8852: 8846:. SUNY Press. 8829: 8814: 8808:978-0520252691 8807: 8786: 8763: 8750: 8727: 8714:978-1780744209 8713: 8682: 8657: 8650: 8630: 8619:naqshbandi.org 8606: 8591: 8584: 8564: 8548: 8542:978-0061625992 8541: 8520: 8494: 8485: 8473: 8447: 8435: 8408: 8396: 8389:Shah 1964–2014 8381: 8364: 8336: 8330:Martin Lings, 8323: 8310: 8297: 8290: 8252: 8246:Martin Lings, 8236: 8221: 8187: 8180: 8140: 8127: 8118: 8112: 8092: 8070: 8038: 8012: 7994: 7966: 7945:(3): 156–158. 7925: 7896: 7876: 7861: 7837: 7803: 7796: 7770: 7746: 7717: 7697: 7670: 7663: 7600: 7553: 7546: 7526: 7507:(2): 221–268. 7487: 7468: 7422: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7342:Husayn ibn Ali 7326:Main article: 7323: 7320: 7295: 7292: 7278:Muhammad Iqbal 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7111: 7063: 7062: 7017: 7015: 7008: 7002: 6999: 6913: 6910: 6868:Philip Jenkins 6857:Museum Library 6855:Topkapı Palace 6814: 6811: 6735:fundamentalist 6636:Main article: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6611: 6592: 6582: 6570: 6569:(d. 736/1336). 6539: 6538:(d. 606/1209). 6520: 6519:(d. 465/1072). 6501: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6417: 6394: 6375: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6300: 6269:Main article: 6266: 6263: 6235: 6232: 6216: 6213: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6122: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6062: 6053:Fusus al-Hikam 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6015: 6007: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984:(d. 1250/1834) 5978: 5970: 5962: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5939:(d. 1034/1624) 5936:Ahmad Sirhindi 5933: 5931:(d. 1014/1606) 5925: 5917: 5909: 5894: 5879: 5871: 5869:(d. 841/ 1437) 5863: 5855: 5840: 5832: 5824: 5816: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5778: 5776:(d. 1371/1951) 5770: 5762: 5757:Meher Ali Shah 5754: 5752:(d. 1354/1935) 5739: 5737:(d. 1332/1914) 5731: 5729:(d. 1252/1836) 5723: 5721:(d. 1205/1791) 5715: 5713:(d. 1171/1758) 5707: 5705:(d. 1162/1749) 5692: 5690:(d. 1143/1731) 5684: 5682:(d. 1137/1725) 5676: 5674:(d. 1105/1694) 5668: 5666:(d. 1089/1679) 5660: 5658:(d. 1067/1657) 5652: 5650:(d. 1050/1640) 5644: 5642:(d. 1041/1631) 5636: 5634:(d. 1032/1622) 5628: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5549: 5541: 5533: 5525: 5510: 5502: 5494: 5479: 5471: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5402: 5387: 5372: 5364: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5334: 5319: 5304: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5242: 5234: 5226: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5166: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5106: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5085: 5082: 5035: 5032: 5024: 5021: 5015:, present-day 4968: 4965: 4952: 4949: 4925:Bakhtiyar Kaki 4902: 4899: 4859: 4856: 4791: 4788: 4761:Husayn ibn Ali 4733: 4730: 4714: 4711: 4703: 4700: 4678: 4665:Hasan of Basra 4661:Rabia of Basra 4649:grinding grain 4640: 4637: 4625: 4622: 4587:The Educating 4575:Lataif-e-Sitta 4490:: At-Takhalli 4473: 4472:Other concepts 4470: 4462:Sufi cosmology 4394:Lataif-e-sitta 4387: 4384: 4328: 4325: 4262: 4259: 4209:Main article: 4206: 4203: 4182:, Bangladesh. 4126:, Tajikistan; 4100:Main article: 4097: 4094: 4088:(d. 815), and 4074:Farqad Sabakhi 4070:Hasan of Basra 4014:Main article: 3980: 3977: 3867: 3864: 3753:Main article: 3750: 3747: 3705:Main article: 3702: 3699: 3560:Main article: 3557: 3554: 3503: 3500: 3464: 3461: 3400: 3397: 3342: 3339: 3240:("order") and 3216:Fatehpur Sikri 3203: 3200: 3182: 3179: 3105: 3102: 3018: 3015: 2965: 2962: 2794:Bektashi Order 2759:Ahmed el-Tayeb 2692: 2689: 2643:Blagaj, Mostar 2550:Ottoman Sultan 2539:Mughal emperor 2526: 2523: 2403:Safavid Persia 2387: 2384: 2324:Futuh al-ghayb 2263:(c. 1480–1490) 2252: 2249: 1963: 1960: 1940:Hasan of Basra 1925:Sari al-Saqati 1878:Hasan al-Basri 1859:Hasan al-Basri 1758: 1755: 1750:Main article: 1747: 1744: 1643: 1640: 1569: 1566: 1547:fundamentalist 1496:Hasan al-Basri 1323: 1322: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1305: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1163:Related topics 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1145:Social welfare 1142: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 975: 966: 965: 962: 961: 958: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 931: 930: 923: 916: 908: 907: 902: 896: 891: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 874: 865: 864: 858: 850: 842: 833: 832: 812: 804: 801: 800: 795: 789: 788: 787: 784: 783: 780: 779: 774: 769: 763: 762: 757: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 735:Predestination 731: 730: 725: 719: 718: 716:Revealed Books 713: 707: 706: 696: 691: 690: 687: 686: 678: 677: 671: 670: 658: 657: 655: 654: 647: 640: 632: 629: 628: 615: 614: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 540:Notable modern 537: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 333: 328: 327: 324: 323: 320: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 224:Sufi cosmology 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 97: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 76: 66: 65: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26792: 26781: 26778: 26776: 26773: 26771: 26768: 26766: 26763: 26762: 26760: 26750: 26740: 26738: 26733: 26728: 26727: 26724: 26711: 26707: 26703: 26701: 26693: 26692: 26689: 26675: 26672: 26670: 26667: 26665: 26662: 26660: 26657: 26655: 26652: 26650: 26647: 26645: 26642: 26640: 26637: 26635: 26632: 26630: 26627: 26625: 26622: 26620: 26617: 26616: 26614: 26612: 26611:South America 26608: 26602: 26599: 26597: 26594: 26592: 26589: 26587: 26584: 26582: 26579: 26577: 26574: 26572: 26569: 26567: 26564: 26562: 26559: 26557: 26554: 26552: 26549: 26547: 26544: 26542: 26539: 26537: 26534: 26533: 26531: 26529: 26525: 26519: 26518:United States 26516: 26514: 26511: 26509: 26506: 26504: 26501: 26499: 26496: 26494: 26491: 26489: 26486: 26484: 26481: 26479: 26476: 26474: 26471: 26469: 26466: 26464: 26461: 26459: 26456: 26454: 26451: 26449: 26446: 26444: 26441: 26439: 26436: 26434: 26431: 26429: 26426: 26424: 26421: 26419: 26416: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26405: 26403: 26401: 26400:North America 26397: 26389: 26386: 26384: 26381: 26379: 26376: 26374: 26371: 26370: 26369: 26366: 26364: 26361: 26359: 26356: 26354: 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26339: 26336: 26334: 26331: 26329: 26326: 26324: 26321: 26319: 26316: 26314: 26311: 26309: 26306: 26304: 26301: 26299: 26296: 26294: 26291: 26289: 26286: 26284: 26281: 26279: 26276: 26274: 26271: 26269: 26266: 26264: 26261: 26259: 26258:Liechtenstein 26256: 26254: 26251: 26249: 26246: 26244: 26241: 26239: 26236: 26234: 26231: 26229: 26226: 26224: 26221: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26196: 26194: 26191: 26189: 26186: 26184: 26181: 26179: 26176: 26174: 26171: 26169: 26166: 26164: 26161: 26159: 26156: 26154: 26151: 26150: 26148: 26146: 26142: 26136: 26133: 26131: 26128: 26126: 26123: 26121: 26118: 26116: 26113: 26111: 26108: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26098: 26096: 26093: 26091: 26088: 26086: 26083: 26081: 26078: 26076: 26073: 26071: 26068: 26066: 26063: 26061: 26058: 26056: 26053: 26051: 26048: 26046: 26043: 26041: 26038: 26036: 26033: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26023: 26021: 26018: 26016: 26013: 26011: 26008: 26006: 26003: 26001: 25998: 25994: 25991: 25989: 25986: 25985: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25976: 25974: 25971: 25969: 25966: 25964: 25961: 25959: 25956: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25875: 25873: 25871: 25867: 25861: 25858: 25856: 25853: 25851: 25848: 25846: 25843: 25841: 25838: 25836: 25833: 25831: 25828: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25806: 25803: 25801: 25798: 25796: 25793: 25791: 25788: 25786: 25783: 25781: 25778: 25776: 25773: 25771: 25768: 25766: 25763: 25761: 25758: 25756: 25753: 25751: 25748: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25726: 25723: 25721: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25710:Guinea-Bissau 25708: 25706: 25703: 25701: 25698: 25696: 25693: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25678: 25676: 25673: 25671: 25668: 25666: 25663: 25661: 25658: 25656: 25653: 25651: 25648: 25646: 25643: 25641: 25638: 25636: 25633: 25631: 25628: 25626: 25623: 25621: 25618: 25616: 25613: 25611: 25608: 25606: 25603: 25601: 25598: 25596: 25593: 25592: 25590: 25588: 25584: 25580: 25573: 25569: 25555: 25552: 25550: 25547: 25545: 25542: 25540: 25537: 25535: 25534:Organizations 25532: 25530: 25527: 25525: 25522: 25520: 25517: 25515: 25512: 25510: 25507: 25505: 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25491: 25489: 25486: 25478: 25472: 25469: 25467: 25464: 25462: 25459: 25457: 25454: 25452: 25449: 25447: 25444: 25442: 25439: 25437: 25434: 25432: 25429: 25427: 25424: 25422: 25419: 25418: 25416: 25413: 25408: 25403: 25397: 25394: 25390: 25387: 25385: 25382: 25380: 25377: 25375: 25372: 25371: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25360: 25359:Vegetarianism 25357: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25325: 25322: 25320: 25317: 25315: 25312: 25310: 25307: 25305: 25304:Homosexuality 25302: 25300: 25297: 25295: 25292: 25290: 25287: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25275: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25264: 25263: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25241: 25238: 25236: 25233: 25231: 25228: 25227: 25226: 25223: 25219: 25216: 25214: 25211: 25209: 25206: 25205: 25204: 25200: 25197: 25195: 25192: 25190: 25187: 25186: 25184: 25181: 25174: 25168: 25165: 25163: 25160: 25158: 25155: 25151: 25148: 25147: 25146: 25143: 25141: 25138: 25136: 25133: 25131: 25128: 25126: 25125:Neurotheology 25123: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25103: 25101: 25098: 25096: 25093: 25092: 25090: 25088: 25082: 25076: 25073: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25063: 25061: 25058: 25056: 25053: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25027: 25025: 25023: 25019: 25011: 25008: 25006: 25003: 25001: 24998: 24997: 24996: 24993: 24991: 24988: 24986: 24983: 24981: 24978: 24976: 24973: 24971: 24968: 24966: 24963: 24961: 24958: 24954: 24951: 24949: 24946: 24944: 24941: 24939: 24936: 24935: 24934: 24931: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24913: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24867: 24864: 24860: 24857: 24855: 24852: 24850: 24847: 24846: 24845: 24842: 24840: 24837: 24835: 24832: 24830: 24827: 24825: 24822: 24820: 24819:Folk religion 24817: 24815: 24812: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24802: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24787: 24785: 24782: 24780: 24777: 24775: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24747: 24744: 24743: 24741: 24737: 24733: 24726: 24722: 24712: 24709: 24707: 24704: 24702: 24699: 24697: 24694: 24692: 24689: 24687: 24684: 24682: 24679: 24675: 24672: 24670: 24667: 24665: 24662: 24661: 24660: 24657: 24653: 24650: 24648: 24645: 24643: 24642:Imperial cult 24640: 24638: 24635: 24633: 24630: 24629: 24628: 24625: 24623: 24620: 24616: 24613: 24611: 24608: 24606: 24603: 24602: 24601: 24598: 24594: 24591: 24589: 24586: 24585: 24584: 24581: 24577: 24574: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24559: 24558: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24545: 24542: 24541: 24540: 24537: 24533: 24530: 24528: 24525: 24524: 24523: 24520: 24518: 24515: 24511: 24508: 24507: 24506: 24503: 24501: 24498: 24496: 24493: 24491: 24488: 24486: 24483: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24464: 24461: 24459: 24456: 24454: 24451: 24449: 24446: 24444: 24441: 24440: 24439: 24436: 24432: 24429: 24427: 24424: 24422: 24419: 24417: 24414: 24413: 24412: 24409: 24407: 24404: 24400: 24397: 24396: 24395: 24392: 24390: 24387: 24385: 24382: 24378: 24375: 24374: 24373: 24370: 24368: 24365: 24363: 24360: 24356: 24353: 24351: 24348: 24347: 24346: 24343: 24341: 24338: 24334: 24331: 24329: 24326: 24324: 24321: 24320: 24319: 24316: 24314: 24311: 24309: 24306: 24304: 24301: 24297: 24294: 24293: 24292: 24289: 24288: 24285: 24281: 24276: 24272: 24252: 24249: 24248: 24247: 24244: 24242: 24239: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24211:Discordianism 24209: 24207: 24206:Anthroposophy 24204: 24203: 24201: 24197: 24189: 24188: 24184: 24183: 24182: 24179: 24177: 24174: 24170: 24167: 24165: 24162: 24160: 24157: 24155: 24154:Mari religion 24152: 24150: 24147: 24145: 24142: 24140: 24137: 24136: 24135: 24132: 24130: 24127: 24125: 24122: 24120: 24117: 24115: 24112: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24088: 24085: 24084: 24083: 24080: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24067: 24066: 24063: 24059: 24056: 24054: 24051: 24050: 24049: 24046: 24044: 24041: 24037: 24034: 24033: 24031: 24030: 24028: 24026: 24020: 24014: 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23997: 23994: 23992: 23991:Neo-Theosophy 23989: 23988: 23987: 23984: 23982: 23979: 23977: 23974: 23972: 23969: 23967: 23964: 23960: 23957: 23956: 23955: 23952: 23950: 23947: 23945: 23942: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23929:New Acropolis 23927: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23912: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23901: 23899: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23882: 23872: 23869: 23867: 23864: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23853: 23851: 23847: 23835: 23832: 23830: 23827: 23825: 23822: 23820: 23817: 23815: 23812: 23810: 23807: 23805: 23802: 23800: 23797: 23795: 23792: 23790: 23787: 23785: 23782: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23763: 23760: 23758: 23755: 23753: 23750: 23749: 23748: 23745: 23744: 23743: 23741: 23737: 23736: 23731: 23728: 23727: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23678: 23676: 23673: 23671: 23668: 23666: 23663: 23661: 23658: 23656: 23653: 23651: 23648: 23646: 23643: 23641: 23638: 23634: 23631: 23629: 23626: 23625: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23614: 23611: 23609: 23606: 23605: 23603: 23601: 23595: 23587: 23584: 23583: 23582: 23579: 23578: 23576: 23574:North African 23572: 23569: 23567: 23561: 23555: 23552: 23550: 23547: 23545: 23542: 23540: 23537: 23535: 23532: 23530: 23527: 23525: 23522: 23520: 23517: 23515: 23512: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23500: 23497: 23496: 23494: 23492: 23488: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23467: 23464: 23463: 23461: 23459: 23455: 23451: 23445: 23442: 23440: 23437: 23435: 23432: 23430: 23427: 23425: 23422: 23418: 23415: 23413: 23410: 23409: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23393: 23390: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23376: 23373: 23371: 23368: 23366: 23363: 23361: 23358: 23357: 23356: 23353: 23351: 23348: 23346: 23343: 23339: 23336: 23335: 23334: 23331: 23329: 23328:Kwakwakaʼwakw 23326: 23324: 23321: 23317: 23314: 23312: 23309: 23307: 23304: 23302: 23299: 23297: 23294: 23293: 23292: 23289: 23287: 23284: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23268: 23265: 23263: 23260: 23258: 23255: 23253: 23250: 23246: 23243: 23241: 23238: 23237: 23236: 23233: 23229: 23226: 23224: 23221: 23219: 23216: 23214: 23211: 23210: 23209: 23206: 23204: 23201: 23199: 23196: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23179: 23178: 23177: 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23163: 23161: 23159: 23153: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23135: 23132: 23130: 23127: 23126: 23125: 23122: 23118: 23115: 23114: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23103: 23100: 23098: 23095: 23091: 23088: 23086: 23083: 23082: 23080: 23076: 23073: 23071: 23068: 23067: 23066: 23063: 23061: 23058: 23057: 23055: 23053: 23049: 23043: 23040: 23039: 23037: 23035: 23034:Austroasiatic 23031: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23015: 23014: 23013: 23010: 23006: 23005:Vattisen Yaly 23003: 23001: 22998: 22996: 22993: 22992: 22991: 22987: 22984: 22983: 22981: 22979: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22966: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22941: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22924:Kirat Mundhum 22922: 22920: 22917: 22913: 22910: 22908: 22905: 22904: 22903: 22900: 22898: 22895: 22893: 22890: 22889: 22887: 22883: 22877: 22876: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22863: 22860: 22859: 22858: 22855: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22837: 22833: 22830: 22829: 22828: 22825: 22823: 22820: 22819: 22817: 22815: 22811: 22805: 22804: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22773: 22770: 22766: 22763: 22761: 22758: 22756: 22753: 22751: 22748: 22746: 22743: 22741: 22738: 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22727: 22726: 22723: 22719: 22716: 22714: 22711: 22709: 22706: 22704: 22701: 22699: 22696: 22694: 22691: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22676: 22675: 22674: 22671: 22670: 22668: 22666: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22653: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22633: 22630: 22628: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22619: 22617: 22615: 22611: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22591: 22589: 22587: 22583: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22560: 22559: 22555: 22554: 22553: 22550: 22549: 22547: 22545: 22541: 22533: 22530: 22528: 22525: 22524: 22523: 22520: 22516: 22513: 22511: 22508: 22507: 22506: 22503: 22501: 22498: 22496: 22493: 22491: 22488: 22486: 22483: 22482: 22480: 22478: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22456: 22442: 22439: 22437: 22434: 22432: 22429: 22428: 22426: 22422: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22406: 22403: 22401: 22398: 22397: 22395: 22393: 22389: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22369: 22367: 22365: 22361: 22358: 22356: 22352: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22308: 22306: 22302: 22296: 22295: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22283:Milah Abraham 22281: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22257: 22254: 22253: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22221: 22220: 22217: 22211: 22208: 22206: 22203: 22202: 22201: 22198: 22196: 22193: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22182: 22181: 22178: 22177: 22175: 22173: 22169: 22163: 22162: 22158: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22146: 22144: 22141: 22139: 22136: 22134: 22131: 22129: 22126: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22110: 22107: 22106: 22105: 22102: 22100: 22097: 22095: 22092: 22090: 22087: 22085: 22082: 22080: 22077: 22073: 22070: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22056: 22053: 22052: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22015: 22014: 22011: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21997: 21994: 21993: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21975: 21972: 21970: 21967: 21965: 21962: 21960: 21957: 21955: 21952: 21951: 21950: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21941: 21940: 21939:Protestantism 21937: 21933: 21930: 21928: 21924: 21921: 21920: 21919: 21916: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21903: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21890: 21887: 21886: 21885: 21882: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21869: 21868: 21865: 21864: 21862: 21860: 21856: 21850: 21849: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21825: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21804: 21801: 21800: 21799: 21796: 21792: 21789: 21788: 21787: 21784: 21783: 21782: 21779: 21778: 21776: 21774: 21770: 21767: 21765: 21761: 21758: 21756: 21752: 21748: 21744: 21739: 21735: 21731: 21724: 21719: 21717: 21712: 21710: 21705: 21704: 21701: 21689: 21681: 21679: 21669: 21668: 21665: 21651: 21648: 21646: 21643: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21633: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21621: 21618: 21616: 21613: 21609: 21606: 21605: 21604: 21601: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21591:Post-Islamism 21589: 21587: 21584: 21583: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21570: 21567: 21565: 21562: 21561: 21560: 21557: 21556: 21554: 21550: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21529: 21526: 21525: 21523: 21521: 21517: 21511: 21508: 21506: 21503: 21501: 21498: 21496: 21493: 21491: 21488: 21484: 21483:Protestantism 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21470: 21469: 21466: 21465: 21463: 21461: 21457: 21453: 21443: 21439: 21425: 21422: 21420: 21419: 21415: 21413: 21410: 21406: 21403: 21402: 21401: 21398: 21396: 21393: 21391: 21388: 21386: 21383: 21381: 21378: 21376: 21373: 21372: 21370: 21366: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21341: 21339: 21337: 21333: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21321:Ophthalmology 21319: 21317: 21314: 21312: 21309: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21288: 21286: 21284: 21280: 21274: 21271: 21269: 21266: 21264: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21235: 21233: 21231: 21227: 21223: 21219: 21211: 21207: 21193: 21190: 21186: 21185: 21181: 21180: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21169: 21166: 21162: 21159: 21158: 21157: 21154: 21152: 21151: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21139: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21127: 21123: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21101: 21098: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21085: 21081: 21079: 21078: 21074: 21070: 21069:Death penalty 21067: 21065: 21062: 21060: 21057: 21056: 21055: 21052: 21050: 21047: 21045: 21044: 21040: 21039: 21037: 21035:Other aspects 21033: 21027: 21026: 21022: 21020: 21019: 21015: 21013: 21012: 21008: 21006: 21005: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20994: 20992: 20991: 20987: 20985: 20984: 20980: 20979: 20977: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20964: 20962: 20959: 20958: 20955: 20949: 20948: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20936: 20932: 20930: 20929: 20925: 20923: 20922: 20918: 20916: 20915: 20911: 20910: 20908: 20906: 20902: 20896: 20895: 20891: 20889: 20888: 20884: 20882: 20881: 20877: 20875: 20874: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20859: 20857: 20855: 20851: 20847: 20840: 20839:Jurisprudence 20837: 20835: 20832: 20831: 20827: 20823: 20813: 20810: 20808: 20805: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20790: 20788: 20787: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20712: 20710: 20705: 20702: 20700: 20697: 20696: 20693: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20675: 20672: 20671: 20670: 20667: 20665: 20662: 20658: 20655: 20651: 20648: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20630: 20629: 20626: 20625: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20617: 20616: 20612: 20609: 20605: 20602: 20598: 20595: 20594: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20574: 20573: 20570: 20568: 20565: 20559: 20556: 20555: 20554: 20551: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20530: 20529: 20526: 20525: 20523: 20521: 20520:Denominations 20517: 20511: 20510: 20506: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20485: 20483: 20481: 20477: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20451: 20449: 20446: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20433: 20429: 20428: 20427: 20424: 20422: 20419: 20417: 20416: 20412: 20410: 20409: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20388: 20385: 20383: 20380: 20379: 20377: 20372: 20369: 20367: 20364: 20363: 20360: 20354: 20353: 20349: 20347: 20346: 20342: 20340: 20339: 20335: 20333: 20332: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20321: 20320: 20318: 20316: 20312: 20306: 20305:Holiest sites 20303: 20301: 20300:Judgement Day 20298: 20296: 20295: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20279: 20276: 20272: 20269: 20268: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20261: 20257: 20253: 20250: 20249: 20248: 20245: 20244: 20242: 20240: 20236: 20232: 20228: 20227: 20221: 20216: 20209: 20204: 20202: 20197: 20195: 20190: 20189: 20186: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20140: 20136: 20135: 20132: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20093: 20091: 20089: 20088:Other beliefs 20085: 20079: 20076: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20063: 20062:Hilmi Tunahan 20060: 20058: 20054: 20051: 20050: 20049: 20046: 20045: 20043: 20041: 20037: 20029: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20012:Muhammad Asad 20010: 20008: 20005: 20004: 20003: 20000: 19999: 19997: 19995: 19991: 19983: 19979: 19975: 19972: 19971: 19970: 19967: 19963: 19959: 19956: 19955: 19954: 19951: 19947: 19943: 19939: 19936: 19935: 19934: 19931: 19927: 19923: 19922:Sabbatai Zevi 19920: 19919: 19918: 19915: 19912: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19894: 19893: 19890: 19889: 19887: 19885: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19868: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19847: 19846: 19843: 19839: 19836: 19834: 19831: 19830: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19821: 19819: 19816: 19815: 19813: 19811: 19807: 19798: 19797: 19795: 19790: 19789: 19787: 19780: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772:Ali al-Aswarī 19771: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19758: 19757: 19755: 19754: 19752: 19747: 19746: 19745: 19742: 19736: 19733: 19730: 19729: 19728: 19725: 19722: 19721: 19719: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19708: 19704: 19698: 19694: 19690: 19687: 19684: 19680: 19676: 19673: 19671: 19667: 19664: 19662: 19658: 19654: 19651: 19650: 19648: 19646: 19642: 19639: 19636: 19629: 19625: 19613: 19610: 19609: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19594: 19589: 19588: 19587: 19584: 19579: 19578: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19567: 19564: 19563: 19562: 19559: 19554: 19553: 19551: 19546: 19545: 19544:Muʿāmmarīyya 19543: 19538: 19537: 19536: 19533: 19529: 19526: 19525: 19524: 19521: 19520: 19518: 19516: 19512: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19493: 19489: 19485: 19484: 19483: 19480: 19477: 19472: 19471: 19469: 19468: 19466: 19464: 19460: 19457: 19455: 19451: 19440: 19437: 19434: 19431: 19428: 19425: 19422: 19419: 19416: 19413: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19396: 19394: 19390: 19381: 19380: 19378: 19373: 19372: 19370: 19365: 19364: 19362: 19357: 19356: 19354: 19349: 19348: 19346: 19341: 19340: 19338: 19333: 19332: 19330: 19325: 19324: 19322: 19317: 19316: 19314: 19313: 19311: 19307: 19298: 19295: 19292: 19289: 19286: 19283: 19280: 19277: 19274: 19271: 19268: 19265: 19262: 19259: 19256: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19249: 19247: 19245: 19241: 19238: 19235: 19229: 19222: 19218: 19208: 19205: 19201: 19198: 19197: 19196: 19193: 19191: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19173: 19171: 19169: 19165: 19157: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19144: 19143: 19140: 19136: 19133: 19132: 19131: 19128: 19123: 19122: 19120: 19116: 19113: 19112: 19111: 19108: 19103: 19100: 19097: 19096: 19094: 19093: 19091: 19089: 19085: 19082: 19079: 19074: 19070: 19060: 19059:Waqifite Shia 19057: 19052: 19051: 19050: 19047: 19043: 19039: 19036: 19035: 19034: 19031: 19027: 19023: 19020: 19019: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19007: 19005: 19000: 18992: 18989: 18985: 18984:Ishaq al-Turk 18982: 18978: 18975: 18971: 18968: 18966: 18963: 18962: 18961: 18958: 18957: 18956: 18953: 18949: 18946: 18945: 18944: 18941: 18940: 18938: 18937: 18936: 18933: 18926: 18925: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18901: 18899: 18898: 18897: 18893: 18890: 18886: 18883: 18882: 18881: 18878: 18877: 18875: 18873: 18867: 18859: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18846: 18842: 18839: 18837: 18833: 18830: 18829: 18828: 18825: 18821: 18818: 18814: 18811: 18807: 18804: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18786: 18785: 18782: 18781: 18780: 18777: 18776: 18775: 18772: 18768: 18764: 18760: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18747: 18743: 18742:Hamdan Qarmat 18740: 18739: 18738: 18735: 18731: 18728: 18727: 18726: 18723: 18722: 18720: 18718: 18714: 18710: 18702: 18698: 18695: 18693: 18689: 18686: 18685: 18684: 18681: 18677: 18673: 18669: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18656: 18652: 18649: 18648: 18647: 18644: 18640: 18639:Safavid Islam 18636: 18632: 18628: 18624: 18623:Sheikh Haydar 18621: 18620: 18619: 18616: 18612: 18609: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18596: 18595: 18592: 18591: 18590: 18587: 18586: 18584: 18582: 18578: 18574: 18571: 18569: 18565: 18561: 18557: 18553: 18549: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18528: 18527: 18524: 18520: 18517: 18515: 18512: 18508: 18505: 18504: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18484: 18483: 18480: 18479: 18477: 18475: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18462: 18448: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18435: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18422: 18418: 18415: 18414: 18413: 18410: 18409: 18408: 18405: 18399: 18395: 18392: 18391: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18381: 18380: 18377: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18366: 18362: 18354: 18351: 18349: 18346: 18342: 18339: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18321: 18320: 18317: 18313: 18310: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18294: 18293: 18290: 18286: 18282: 18279: 18278: 18277: 18274: 18273: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18263: 18262: 18259: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18241: 18240: 18237: 18233: 18230: 18229: 18227: 18226: 18224: 18221: 18216: 18215:Ahl al-Hadith 18212: 18209: 18207: 18203: 18199: 18195: 18190: 18186: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18163: 18160: 18150: 18149: 18145: 18141: 18139: 18138: 18134: 18130: 18128: 18127: 18123: 18119: 18117: 18116: 18112: 18111: 18109: 18105: 18099: 18098: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18086: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18075: 18073: 18072: 18068: 18066: 18065: 18061: 18060: 18058: 18056: 18052: 18046: 18045: 18041: 18039: 18038: 18034: 18032: 18031: 18027: 18025: 18024: 18020: 18018: 18017: 18013: 18011: 18010: 18006: 18004: 18003: 17999: 17997: 17996: 17992: 17990: 17989: 17985: 17983: 17982: 17978: 17976: 17975: 17971: 17969: 17968: 17964: 17962: 17961: 17957: 17956: 17954: 17952: 17948: 17945: 17941: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17907: 17905: 17903: 17902:Zaydi Shi'ism 17899: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17871: 17868: 17867: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17837: 17835: 17833: 17829: 17821: 17818: 17817: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17733:Musa al-Kazim 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17718:Ali al-Sajjad 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17708:Hasan ibn Ali 17706: 17704: 17701: 17700: 17699: 17696: 17695: 17693: 17691: 17687: 17679:Post-Salafism 17678: 17677: 17676: 17673: 17669: 17666: 17665: 17664: 17661: 17657: 17654: 17653: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17640: 17637: 17636: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17618: 17615: 17614: 17613: 17610: 17606: 17603: 17602: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17559: 17556: 17555: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17543:Ibn Taymiyyah 17541: 17540: 17538: 17536: 17532: 17524:Mustadrakīyya 17523: 17520: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17510: 17508: 17506: 17502: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17482:Amr ibn Ubayd 17480: 17478: 17475: 17471: 17468: 17467: 17466: 17463: 17460: 17457: 17454: 17451: 17448: 17445: 17442: 17439: 17436: 17433: 17430: 17427: 17424: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17413: 17409: 17402: 17398: 17394: 17390: 17386: 17385: 17383: 17381: 17377: 17370: 17366: 17363: 17359: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17341: 17337: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17326: 17324: 17322: 17318: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17300: 17297: 17293: 17290: 17289: 17288: 17285: 17284: 17282: 17280: 17276: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17101: 17097: 17090: 17086: 17083: 17080: 17076: 17073: 17070: 17066: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16806: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16793: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16767: 16765: 16761: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16737: 16733: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16708: 16706: 16704: 16700: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16678: 16676: 16672: 16669: 16665: 16661: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16645: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16632: 16625: 16620: 16618: 16613: 16611: 16606: 16605: 16602: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16531: 16529: 16527: 16523: 16519: 16512: 16507: 16505: 16500: 16498: 16493: 16492: 16489: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16397: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16290:Jama'at Khana 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16265:Datuk Keramat 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16252: 16250: 16246: 16240: 16239:Sufi whirling 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16163: 16158: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16148: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16105: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16054: 16050: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16023:Antinomianism 16021: 16020: 16018: 16014: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15996: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15964: 15959: 15956: 15952: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15890: 15885: 15882: 15878: 15873: 15870: 15866: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15843: 15839: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15777: 15772: 15769: 15765: 15760: 15757: 15753: 15748: 15745: 15741: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15714: 15709: 15706: 15702: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15680: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15638: 15633: 15630: 15626: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15609: 15604: 15601: 15597: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15581: 15579: 15575: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15472: 15467: 15464: 15460: 15455: 15452: 15451: 15449: 15445: 15438: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15416: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15344: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15317: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15256:Ahl al-Khutwa 15254: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15242: 15237: 15230: 15225: 15223: 15218: 15216: 15211: 15210: 15207: 15197: 15193: 15187: 15176: 15173: 15170: 15167: 15164: 15161: 15158: 15155: 15152: 15149: 15146: 15143: 15140: 15137: 15134: 15131: 15128: 15125: 15122: 15119: 15116: 15113: 15110: 15107: 15106: 15104: 15100: 15093: 15090: 15087: 15084: 15081: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15071: 15069: 15065: 15058: 15055: 15052: 15049: 15046: 15043: 15040: 15037: 15034: 15031: 15028: 15025: 15022: 15019: 15016: 15013: 15010: 15009:Bishr al-Hafi 15007: 15004: 15001: 15000: 14998: 14996:3rd AH/9th AD 14994: 14987: 14984: 14981: 14978: 14975: 14972: 14969: 14966: 14963: 14960: 14957: 14954: 14951: 14950:Dawud al-Ta'i 14948: 14945: 14942: 14939: 14936: 14933: 14930: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14919:2nd AH/8th AD 14917: 14914: 14912: 14911:Notable Sufis 14908: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14863: 14861: 14859: 14855: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14790: 14788: 14784: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14718: 14713: 14701: 14696: 14695: 14691: 14687: 14682: 14681: 14677: 14673: 14668: 14667: 14663: 14659: 14654: 14653: 14649: 14645: 14640: 14639: 14635: 14630: 14629: 14625: 14621: 14616: 14615: 14611: 14607: 14602: 14601: 14597: 14593: 14588: 14587: 14583: 14579: 14574: 14573: 14569: 14565: 14560: 14559: 14555: 14551: 14546: 14545: 14544:Suhrawardiyya 14541: 14537: 14532: 14531: 14527: 14523: 14518: 14517: 14516:Naqshbandiyya 14513: 14509: 14504: 14503: 14499: 14498: 14496: 14494: 14490: 14486: 14479: 14474: 14472: 14467: 14465: 14460: 14459: 14456: 14442: 14436: 14432: 14431: 14425: 14421: 14416: 14412: 14406: 14402: 14398: 14395:(1964–2014). 14394: 14390: 14386: 14380: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14366: 14362: 14358: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14343: 14337: 14333: 14332: 14327: 14323: 14319: 14315: 14311: 14307: 14303: 14299: 14295: 14291: 14286: 14282: 14276: 14272: 14271: 14265: 14261: 14255: 14251: 14250: 14245: 14241: 14237: 14231: 14227: 14226: 14220: 14216: 14210: 14206: 14205: 14199: 14195: 14189: 14185: 14184: 14178: 14174: 14172:9781139828383 14168: 14164: 14159: 14155: 14149: 14145: 14140: 14136: 14130: 14126: 14125: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14106: 14102: 14101: 14096: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14079: 14078: 14057: 14053: 14047: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14024: 14019: 14012: 13996: 13992: 13988: 13982: 13975: 13969: 13954: 13953: 13948: 13941: 13933: 13929: 13925: 13919: 13915: 13908: 13894: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13876: 13868: 13861: 13854: 13849: 13841: 13840: 13833: 13817: 13813: 13806: 13792: 13788: 13782: 13775: 13771: 13764: 13758:, Diana Lobel 13757: 13752: 13737: 13731: 13727: 13726: 13718: 13703: 13697: 13693: 13692: 13684: 13676: 13670: 13666: 13665: 13657: 13642: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13623: 13608: 13602: 13598: 13597: 13589: 13574: 13568: 13564: 13563: 13555: 13540: 13534: 13530: 13529: 13521: 13505: 13504: 13496: 13481: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13462: 13455: 13450: 13443: 13439: 13435: 13429: 13422: 13417: 13410: 13405: 13397: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13381: 13377: 13370: 13354: 13350: 13343: 13324: 13320: 13313: 13306: 13290: 13286: 13282: 13276: 13260: 13256: 13255:The Economist 13252: 13246: 13230: 13226: 13219: 13203: 13199: 13195: 13189: 13182: 13176: 13168: 13162: 13159:. iUniverse. 13158: 13157: 13149: 13134: 13132:9780791415153 13128: 13124: 13123: 13115: 13100: 13096: 13094:9780804791281 13090: 13086: 13085: 13077: 13063: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13042: 13028: 13024: 13018: 13010: 13003: 13001: 12984: 12980: 12979: 12974: 12967: 12965: 12949:on 2013-05-30 12948: 12944: 12940: 12934: 12918: 12914: 12907: 12899: 12895: 12888: 12872: 12868: 12867: 12862: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12834: 12833: 12828: 12822: 12806: 12805: 12800: 12794: 12779: 12775: 12774: 12769: 12762: 12754: 12752:9781472569455 12748: 12744: 12740: 12739: 12734: 12733:Oliver Leaman 12728: 12720: 12718:9781405178440 12714: 12710: 12706: 12705: 12700: 12699:Andrew Rippin 12694: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12660: 12658:9781137561558 12654: 12650: 12646: 12642: 12638: 12637: 12629: 12621: 12619:9781134538959 12615: 12611: 12607: 12606: 12601: 12595: 12587: 12585:9780199359585 12581: 12577: 12573: 12572: 12567: 12561: 12553: 12551:9782745175960 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12532:(in Arabic). 12531: 12530: 12525: 12519: 12512: 12508: 12506:9781935295914 12502: 12498: 12497: 12489: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12455: 12453:9789675062612 12449: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12425: 12418: 12416: 12415:Suhrawardiyya 12410: 12406: 12402: 12396: 12389: 12384: 12382:9789393701169 12378: 12374: 12370: 12366: 12365: 12357: 12349: 12347:9780415671101 12343: 12339: 12335: 12334: 12326: 12319: 12315: 12313:9781135029982 12309: 12305: 12301: 12300: 12295: 12289: 12281: 12279:9781135179601 12275: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12255: 12247: 12245:9780231531924 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12217: 12209: 12207:9781135455965 12203: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12190: 12185: 12184:Josef W. Meri 12179: 12171: 12169:9780195328998 12165: 12161: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12145: 12137: 12135:9780755643387 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12118: 12110: 12102: 12100:9789047432142 12096: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12079: 12071: 12067: 12065:9781786075260 12061: 12058:. p. 3. 12057: 12053: 12052: 12047: 12041: 12033: 12031:9781107018303 12027: 12023: 12019: 12018: 12013: 12006: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11973: 11965: 11961: 11955: 11947: 11943: 11937: 11928: 11921: 11915: 11908: 11903: 11895: 11891: 11890: 11882: 11874: 11870: 11866: 11864:0-203-59271-9 11860: 11856: 11855: 11847: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11820: 11818: 11809: 11808: 11801: 11793: 11787: 11783: 11782: 11774: 11772: 11762: 11753: 11744: 11735: 11726: 11717: 11708: 11700: 11694: 11690: 11683: 11675: 11669: 11665: 11658: 11650: 11648:9780195002454 11644: 11640: 11639: 11638:Mohammedanism 11631: 11623: 11621:9781136251603 11617: 11613: 11612: 11604: 11596: 11594:9781576073551 11590: 11586: 11585: 11577: 11562: 11558: 11552: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11512:. Shazuli.com 11511: 11505: 11497: 11485: 11471: 11470: 11463: 11455: 11451: 11448:. Ferozsons. 11447: 11440: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11419: 11404: 11400: 11394: 11387: 11381: 11374: 11368: 11361: 11355: 11347: 11335: 11327: 11325:9781107182011 11321: 11317: 11316: 11308: 11301: 11297: 11293: 11287: 11280: 11279:Schimmel 2013 11275: 11268: 11263: 11256: 11250: 11243: 11242:977-00-1830-9 11239: 11235: 11231: 11225: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11184: 11182: 11174: 11168: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11145: 11143: 11134: 11133: 11125: 11110: 11103: 11088: 11082: 11075: 11069: 11067: 11059: 11053: 11046: 11040: 11033: 11027: 11020: 11014: 11007: 11005: 10992: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10973: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10949: 10942: 10938: 10935:John Renard, 10932: 10924: 10920: 10914: 10900:on 2013-03-20 10899: 10895: 10889: 10881: 10879:9788124600429 10875: 10871: 10864: 10856: 10849: 10847: 10838: 10834: 10827: 10812: 10808: 10802: 10787: 10783: 10776: 10770:May 18, 2017. 10769: 10763: 10755: 10749: 10741: 10738:Abidin, Ibn. 10734: 10727: 10716: 10712: 10705: 10698: 10686: 10682: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10660: 10654: 10640:on 2012-12-21 10639: 10635: 10629: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10608: 10600: 10596: 10590: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10563: 10548:on 1997-05-29 10547: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10517: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10471: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10446: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10395: 10381: 10377: 10370: 10364: 10360: 10354: 10347: 10342: 10336: 10333: 10327: 10325: 10309: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10288: 10272: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10251: 10245:, p. 99. 10244: 10243:Schimmel 2013 10239: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10218: 10211: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10192: 10190: 10178: 10177: 10170: 10162: 10155: 10148: 10144: 10137: 10129: 10128: 10120: 10113: 10108: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10081: 10079: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10028:9781139056144 10024: 10020: 10013: 10006: 10000: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9971: 9965: 9961: 9960: 9952: 9944: 9938: 9934: 9929: 9928: 9922: 9921:Momen, Moojan 9916: 9914: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9856: 9850: 9846: 9845: 9837: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9807: 9800: 9795: 9788: 9783: 9776: 9771: 9765: 9764:9781134150618 9761: 9757: 9751: 9743: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9711:"ṢūfĪ Orders" 9705: 9703: 9701: 9693: 9687: 9671: 9665: 9649: 9643: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9622: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9601: 9594: 9588: 9581: 9575: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9530: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9506: 9500:, Jan. 5 2017 9499: 9493: 9486: 9480: 9473: 9467: 9465: 9457: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9436: 9422:on 2017-06-06 9421: 9417: 9413: 9411: 9403: 9401: 9393: 9387: 9385: 9377: 9371: 9363: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9344: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9317: 9316:9780300035315 9313: 9307: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9271: 9263: 9257: 9253: 9246: 9244: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9225:9781108582124 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9202: 9200: 9190: 9182: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9162: 9147: 9146: 9139: 9131: 9125: 9118: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9092: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9073: 9066: 9061: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9040: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9019: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8995:Ibn Khallikan 8991: 8982: 8976: 8973:. Routledge. 8972: 8971: 8963: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8921: 8915: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8890: 8886: 8879: 8871: 8870: 8863: 8855: 8849: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8838:Nasr, Hossein 8833: 8826: 8825:Chittick 2007 8821: 8819: 8810: 8804: 8800: 8793: 8791: 8784: 8783:0-941532-68-2 8780: 8776: 8772: 8767: 8760: 8754: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8716: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8653: 8651:9781450554398 8647: 8643: 8642: 8634: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8602: 8595: 8587: 8585:9781930409231 8581: 8577: 8576: 8568: 8560: 8559: 8552: 8544: 8538: 8534: 8527: 8525: 8508: 8504: 8498: 8489: 8482: 8477: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8444: 8439: 8433: 8432:9789675062551 8429: 8425: 8421: 8415: 8413: 8406:, p. 22. 8405: 8404:Chittick 2007 8400: 8394: 8390: 8385: 8378: 8367: 8365:9781933316383 8361: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8327: 8320: 8314: 8307: 8301: 8293: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8256: 8249: 8243: 8241: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8183: 8181:90-04-14743-8 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8131: 8122: 8115: 8113:9781135788438 8109: 8105: 8104: 8096: 8088: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8017: 8008: 8001: 7999: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7962: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7929: 7921: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7893: 7889: 7888: 7880: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7862:1-4175-0678-4 7858: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7834: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7799: 7793: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7777: 7775: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7742: 7736: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7711:. HarperOne. 7710: 7709: 7701: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7675: 7666: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7573:(1): 82–107. 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7538: 7530: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7475: 7471: 7469:9780199340378 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7418: 7412: 7408: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7366: 7353: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7303:Chishti Order 7300: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7273: 7272:Shams Tabrizi 7269: 7265: 7261: 7260:Coleman Barks 7256: 7249: 7245: 7240: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7182: 7180: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7117: 7110: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7059: 7056: 7048: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7018:This section 7016: 7007: 7006: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6927: 6925: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6904:.", and that 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6819: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6750:visitation to 6747: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6678:Sehwan Sharif 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6660:covering the 6659: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6533: 6530: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6414:Islamic world 6411: 6407: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6175: 6170: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6113: 6109: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6072:Anqa' Mughrib 6070: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6040:Notable works 6037: 6036: 6028:(d. 871/1466) 6024: 6019: 6016: 6013:(d. 748/1347) 6011: 6008: 6005:(d. 676/1277) 6003: 6000: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5982: 5979: 5976:(d. 805/1405) 5974: 5971: 5968:(d. 756/1355) 5966: 5963: 5960:(d. 660/1262) 5958: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5937: 5934: 5929: 5926: 5923:(d. 930/1524) 5921: 5918: 5915:(d. 902/1497) 5913: 5910: 5907:(d. 885/1480) 5903: 5898: 5895: 5892:(d. 874/1470) 5888: 5883: 5880: 5877:(d. 852/1449) 5875: 5872: 5867: 5864: 5861:(d. 832/1429) 5859: 5856: 5853:(d. 826/1423) 5849: 5844: 5841: 5838:(d. 808/1405) 5836: 5833: 5830:(d. 793/1390) 5828: 5825: 5822:(d. 736/1336) 5820: 5817: 5814:(d. 728/1328) 5812: 5809: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5774: 5771: 5768:(d.1362/1943) 5766: 5763: 5760:(d.1356/1937) 5758: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5740: 5735: 5732: 5727: 5724: 5719: 5716: 5711: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5688: 5685: 5680: 5677: 5672: 5669: 5664: 5661: 5656: 5653: 5648: 5645: 5640: 5637: 5632: 5629: 5626:(d. 974/1567) 5624: 5621: 5618:(d. 982/1574) 5616: 5613: 5610:(d. 973/1565) 5608: 5605: 5602:(d. 940/1534) 5600: 5597: 5594:(d. 926/1520) 5592: 5589: 5586:(d. 911/1505) 5584: 5581: 5578:(d. 907/1501) 5576: 5573: 5570:(d. 898/1492) 5568: 5565: 5562:(d. 885/1480) 5558: 5553: 5550: 5547:(d. 816/1413) 5545: 5542: 5537: 5534: 5531:(d. 764/1363) 5529: 5526: 5523:(d. 733/1333) 5519: 5514: 5511: 5508:(d. 730/1329) 5506: 5503: 5500:(d. 685/1286) 5498: 5495: 5492:(d. 651/1253) 5488: 5483: 5480: 5477:(d. 632/1234) 5475: 5472: 5469:(d. 606/1209) 5467: 5464: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5448:(d. 676/1277) 5446: 5443: 5440:(d. 672/1273) 5438: 5435: 5432:(d. 650/1252) 5430: 5427: 5424:(d. 643/1245) 5422: 5419: 5416:(d. 643/1245) 5414: 5413:Ibn al-Najjar 5411: 5408:(d. 637/1239) 5406: 5403: 5400:(d. 637/1239) 5396: 5391: 5388: 5385:(d. 636/1239) 5381: 5376: 5373: 5370:(d. 632/1235) 5368: 5365: 5362:(d. 613/1216) 5360: 5356: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5340:(d. 672/1274) 5338: 5335: 5332:(d. 614/1217) 5328: 5323: 5320: 5317:(d. 600/1203) 5313: 5308: 5305: 5302:(d. 599/1202) 5298: 5293: 5292:Ibn Abi Jamra 5290: 5287:(d. 597/1201) 5285: 5282: 5279:(d. 595/1198) 5277: 5274: 5271:(d. 594/1197) 5269: 5266: 5263:(d. 581/1185) 5261: 5258: 5255:(d. 581/1185) 5251: 5246: 5243: 5240:(d. 578/1183) 5238: 5237:Ibn Bashkuwal 5235: 5232:(d. 576/1180) 5230: 5227: 5224:(d. 571/1176) 5222: 5219: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5202: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5175: 5170: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5089: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5047:Qutb-ul-Madar 5044: 5040: 5031: 5029: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4991:Ahmad al-Buni 4988: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4911:Chishti order 4907: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4885:Imam Shadhili 4882: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4784: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4677: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4635: 4634:List of Sufis 4631: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4537:(physiognomy) 4536: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4522:consciousness 4519: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4449:Robert Frager 4445: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4432:(heart), and 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4333: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4241:Muslim saints 4238: 4229: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4185:Likewise, in 4183: 4181: 4177: 4174:, India; and 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4108: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4036: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4009: 4005: 4001: 4000:Ahmad Ghazali 3998: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924:. Sufi saint 3923: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3854:, as well as 3853: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3786:Mevlevi order 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3755:Sufi whirling 3749:Sufi whirling 3745: 3743: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3662:Mevlevi order 3659: 3658:Sufi whirling 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3568: 3563: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3499: 3496: 3495:Fazlur Rahman 3492: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3433:Shamz Tabrizi 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3382: 3380: 3371: 3366: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3322:Amman Message 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3281:jurisprudence 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3225: 3224:Uttar Pradesh 3221: 3217: 3213: 3212:Salim Chishti 3208: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3131:Saadi Shirazi 3124: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3065:instruction. 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3037:According to 3035: 3033: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2994:Last Judgment 2991: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930:Sheikh Mansur 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2842:Suhrawardiyya 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806:Chishti Order 2803: 2799: 2798:Mevlevi Order 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:jurisprudence 2732: 2728: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2709:Mevlevi Order 2705: 2701: 2699: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2419:Suhrawardiyya 2416: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2313:ibn Taymiyyah 2310: 2306: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2257: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2233:Suhrawardiyya 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2058: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1989: 1982: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1639: 1637: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1576: 1565: 1563: 1562:Islamic world 1559: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1428: 1421: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1362: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1260:Military laws 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118:Proselytizing 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1026:Denominations 1024: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 973: 969: 964: 963: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 924: 922: 921: 917: 915: 914: 910: 909: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 894: 889: 888: 881: 879: 875: 873: 871: 867: 866: 862: 859: 857: 855: 851: 849: 847: 843: 841: 839: 835: 834: 830: 829: 824: 823: 818: 817: 813: 811: 810: 806: 805: 799: 796: 794: 791: 790: 786: 785: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 764: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 749: 744: 743: 736: 733: 732: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 705: 701: 698: 697: 694: 689: 688: 684: 680: 679: 676: 673: 672: 668: 664: 663: 653: 648: 646: 641: 639: 634: 633: 631: 630: 627: 617: 616: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 535:Notable early 533: 532: 529:List of sufis 526: 525: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 331: 326: 325: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 273: 272: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 103: 98: 96: 93: 92: 86: 85: 80: 72: 68: 67: 63: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 26115:Turkmenistan 26075:Saudi Arabia 25820:South Africa 25810:Sierra Leone 25615:Burkina Faso 25524:Names of God 25471:Unaffiliated 25426:Antireligion 25282:Universalism 25230:Assimilation 25095:Anthropology 24970:Supernatural 24965:Spirituality 24933:Sacred space 24921:Purification 24794:Denomination 24748: / 24556:Paleo-Balkan 24522:Mesopotamian 24362:Cook Islands 24333:Old Prussian 24246:UFO religion 24185: 24181:Zalmoxianism 24109:Neoshamanism 23966:Spiritualism 23849:Other ethnic 23738: 23564:Traditional 23524:Bongthingism 23412:Acoma Pueblo 23355:Mesoamerican 23052:Austronesian 22873: 22869:Neo-Buddhism 22801: 22797:Neo-Hinduism 22718:Swaminarayan 22556: 22505:Salvationist 22490:Confucianism 22341:Samaritanism 22311:Ali-Illahism 22292: 22245: 22159: 22153:Unitarianism 22094:Old Catholic 21901:Nestorianism 21859:Christianity 21846: 21812:Conservative 21603:Islamophobia 21468:Christianity 21416: 21349:Contemporary 21243:Architecture 21182: 21148: 21136: 21124: 21082: 21075: 21041: 21023: 21018:Nikah mut'ah 21016: 21009: 21002: 20995: 20988: 20981: 20945: 20933: 20926: 20919: 20912: 20892: 20885: 20878: 20871: 20784: 20566: 20507: 20431: 20413: 20406: 20350: 20343: 20336: 20329: 20322: 20315:Five Pillars 20292: 20258: 20247:God in Islam 20224: 20071:Other orders 19976: / 19969:Nur movement 19940: / 19897:Mirza Ghulam 19828:Tolu-e-Islam 19697:Galibi Order 19695: / 19675:Balım Sultan 19670:Babai revolt 19661:Qalandariyya 19659: / 19561:Mufaḍḍaliyya 19470:Jawārībīyya 19423:Umar ibn Zar 19392:Other Murjīs 19121:Bayhasīyyah 19038:Nuqta-yi Ula 18854:Pir Sadardin 18847: / 18761: / 18757: / 18674: / 18666: / 18653: / 18633: / 18629: / 18625: / 18482:Zayd ibn Ali 18432: / 18419: / 18370:Ilm al-Kalam 18283: / 18276:Ahl-i Hadith 18144:Umm al-kitab 18142: 18131: 18120: 18113: 18095: 18090: 18083: 18076: 18069: 18062: 18042: 18035: 18030:Fihi Ma Fihi 18028: 18021: 18014: 18007: 18000: 17993: 17986: 17979: 17972: 17965: 17958: 17698:Twelve Imams 17617:Ahl-i Hadith 17548:Ibnul Qayyim 17428:(Nazzāmīyya) 16909:Ibn al-Jawzi 16849:Al-Taftazani 16824:Al-Baqillani 16763: 16518:Sufism books 16517: 16169:Madih nabawi 15235: 15177:(d. 1354 AH) 15171:(d. 1350 AH) 15159:(d. 1300 AH) 15153:(d. 1287 AH) 15147:(d. 1278 AH) 15141:(d. 1277 AH) 15135:(d. 1118 AH) 15102:Sufi leaders 14838:Sufi studies 14692: 14678: 14666:Ba 'Alawiyya 14664: 14650: 14636: 14626: 14612: 14598: 14584: 14570: 14556: 14542: 14528: 14514: 14500: 14484: 14429: 14419: 14396: 14393:Shah, Idries 14373: 14361:the original 14354: 14330: 14293: 14289: 14269: 14248: 14244:Guénon, René 14224: 14203: 14186:. ABC-Clio. 14182: 14162: 14143: 14123: 14099: 14086: 14082: 14060:. Retrieved 14055: 14046: 14035:. Retrieved 14021: 14011: 13999:. Retrieved 13990: 13981: 13968: 13956:. Retrieved 13950: 13940: 13913: 13907: 13896:. Retrieved 13885:The Guardian 13884: 13875: 13860: 13848: 13838: 13832: 13820:. Retrieved 13815: 13805: 13794:. Retrieved 13790: 13781: 13773: 13769: 13763: 13755: 13751: 13739:. Retrieved 13724: 13717: 13705:. Retrieved 13690: 13683: 13663: 13656: 13644:. Retrieved 13629: 13622: 13610:. Retrieved 13595: 13588: 13576:. Retrieved 13561: 13554: 13542:. Retrieved 13527: 13520: 13508:. Retrieved 13502: 13495: 13483:. Retrieved 13468: 13461: 13453: 13449: 13433: 13428: 13416: 13404: 13379: 13375: 13369: 13357:. Retrieved 13342: 13330:. Retrieved 13318: 13305: 13293:. Retrieved 13284: 13275: 13263:. Retrieved 13254: 13245: 13233:. Retrieved 13218: 13206:. Retrieved 13188: 13180: 13175: 13155: 13148: 13136:. Retrieved 13121: 13114: 13103:. Retrieved 13083: 13076: 13065:, retrieved 13051: 13041: 13030:. Retrieved 13026: 13017: 13008: 12989:15 September 12987:. Retrieved 12976: 12951:. Retrieved 12947:the original 12933: 12921:. Retrieved 12916: 12911:Mir, Tariq. 12906: 12898:The Guardian 12897: 12887: 12877:15 September 12875:. Retrieved 12864: 12839:13 September 12837:. Retrieved 12830: 12821: 12811:13 September 12809:. Retrieved 12802: 12793: 12783:13 September 12781:. Retrieved 12771: 12761: 12737: 12727: 12703: 12693: 12685:the original 12676: 12667: 12635: 12628: 12604: 12594: 12570: 12560: 12528: 12518: 12510: 12495: 12488: 12480:the original 12471: 12462: 12434: 12424: 12412: 12409:the original 12404: 12395: 12386: 12363: 12356: 12332: 12325: 12317: 12298: 12294:A.J. 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18697:Bābā Rexheb 18627:Shah Ismail 18447:Millî Görüş 18365:Ahl ar-Ra'y 18307:Al-Uthaymin 18228:Kullabiyya 18206:Sunni Islam 18107:Independent 17951:Sunni books 17775:Shaykh Tusi 17748:Ali al-Hadi 17738:Ali al-Rida 17675:Yasir Qadhi 17580:Al-Uthaymin 17570:Rashid Rida 17565:Al-Shawkani 17461:(Jāhizīyya) 17446:(Jubbāīyya) 17350:Jawālikīyya 17204:Ali al-Qari 17119:Al-Sarakhsi 17105:Al-Maturidi 16979:Al-Sha'rani 16959:Ibn Khaldun 16834:Al-Qushayri 16796:Theologians 16777:Metaphysics 16683:Eschatology 16650:Theologians 16285:Jama masjid 16229:Sufi poetry 16160: [ 16121:Sufi orders 16102: [ 16016:Misconducts 15993: [ 15961: [ 15949: [ 15887: [ 15875: [ 15863: [ 15801: [ 15774: [ 15762: [ 15750: [ 15738: [ 15711: [ 15699: [ 15677: [ 15635: [ 15623: [ 15606: [ 15594: [ 15469: [ 15457: [ 15413: [ 15400:Sufis ranks 15341: [ 15314: [ 15266:Bash Hezzab 15238:terminology 15151:Imam Shamil 15129:(d. 886 AH) 15123:(d. 642 AH) 15117:(d. 630 AH) 15111:(d. 589 AH) 15094:(d. 380 AH) 15088:(d. 386 AH) 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Tauris 11832:: 384–402. 11691:. OUP USA. 11428:Hasan Basri 11424:Rabia Basri 11422:Meeting of 11056:B. Radtke, 10685:TheSunniWay 10380:Symbol Sage 10112:Gamard 2004 10101:, p. 4 9065:Glassé 2008 7436:Cook, David 7328:Islamic art 7221:during the 7203:brotherhood 6894:Idries Shah 6758:Sufi saints 6732:puritanical 6698:persecution 6676:located in 6599: [ 6546: [ 6527: [ 6517:al-Qushayri 6508: [ 6489: [ 6424: [ 6401: [ 6382: [ 6352:al-Qushayri 6307: [ 6284: [ 6056: [ 6021: [ 5981:Al-Shawkani 5900: [ 5885: [ 5846: [ 5835:Ibn Khaldun 5773:Al-Kawthari 5745: [ 5726:Ibn 'Abidin 5698: [ 5647:Mulla Sadra 5607:Al-Sha'rani 5555: [ 5516: [ 5485: [ 5393: [ 5378: [ 5325: [ 5310: [ 5295: [ 5248: [ 5221:Ibn 'Asakir 5199: [ 5172: [ 5159: [ 4871:dhikr jahri 4867:Shadhiliyya 4549:inspiration 4480:(unveiling) 4144:Ali Hujwari 3483:Linxia City 2954:René Guénon 2950:Ivan Aguéli 2934:Imam Shamil 2926:West Africa 2875:Janissaries 2838:Shadhiliyya 2515:Idries Shah 2363:Sirri Saqti 2295:and modern 2201:Nimatullahi 1962:Sufi orders 1827:Ali Hujwiri 1736:Abu Hurayra 1672:Ibn Khaldun 1668:Al-Qushayri 1568:Definitions 1516:Sunni Islam 1504:Islamic law 1406: 1760 1367:al-Taṣawwuf 913:Ahl al-Bayt 798:Foundations 603:Persecution 330:Sufi orders 239:Sufi poetry 26759:Categories 26556:Micronesia 26433:Costa Rica 26328:San Marino 26288:Montenegro 26268:Luxembourg 26125:Uzbekistan 26100:Tajikistan 26005:Kyrgyzstan 25978:Kazakhstan 25928:East Timor 25898:Bangladesh 25888:Azerbaijan 25805:Seychelles 25770:Mozambique 25755:Mauritania 25740:Madagascar 25630:Cape Verde 25412:irreligion 25407:Secularism 25309:Minorities 25277:Toleration 25272:Syncretism 25257:Fanaticism 25247:Disability 25235:Missionary 25225:Conversion 25213:Ordination 25135:Psychology 25130:Philosophy 25070:Polytheism 25050:Monotheism 25045:Henotheism 24886:Orthopraxy 24876:Ordination 24839:Meditation 24834:Indigenous 24799:Entheogens 24784:Conversion 24610:Pueblo III 24527:Babylonian 24517:Melanesian 24443:Gnosticism 24328:Lithuanian 24221:Fourth Way 24075:Circassian 24053:Dievturība 23976:Tensegrity 23909:Falun Gong 23554:Sanamahism 23534:Donyi-Polo 23124:Polynesian 23070:Kaharingan 22995:Burkhanism 22934:Ravidassia 22912:Śvetāmbara 22698:Pushtimarg 22678:Krishnaism 22614:Vietnamese 22599:Cheondoism 22532:Yao Taoism 22468:East Asian 22234:Isma'ilism 22190:Maturidism 21969:Mennonites 21964:Hutterites 21949:Anabaptism 21842:Humanistic 21533:Ex-Muslims 21418:Shu'ubiyya 21412:Psychology 21400:Literature 21390:Inventions 21336:Philosophy 21144:Leadership 21120:Honorifics 20775:Philosophy 20582:Isma'ilism 20543:Maturidism 20426:Caliphates 20397:Golden Age 20288:Revelation 20066:Süleymancı 19974:Said Nursî 19933:Mahdavīyya 19884:Messianism 19788:Sumamīyya 19778:Hābītīyya 19666:Baba Ishak 19608:Saba'īyya 19595:Mukhāmmīsa 19586:Mughīrīyya 19573:Ghurābīyya 19535:Bāzīghiyya 19503:Bārāq Bābā 19482:Hulmānīyya 19379:Ziyādīyya 19371:Ubaydīyya 19363:Shamrīyya 19355:Sālehīyya 19339:Tūmanīyya 19323:Yūnusīyya 19284:Sauwāqīyya 19260:Hakāiqīyya 19244:Karrāmīyya 19234:Hanafiyyah 19088:Kharijites 19026:Nuktawiyya 18977:al-Muqanna 18955:Muḥammirah 18943:Abu Muslim 18939:Rezāmīyya 18914:Hārithīyya 18906:Janāhiyya 18896:Hashimiyya 18870:Kaysanites 18817:Badakhshan 18750:Qarmatians 18737:Batiniyyah 18717:Isma'ilism 18688:Demir Bābā 18683:Baktāshism 18676:Bektashism 18655:ibn Nusayr 18651:al-Khaṣībī 18635:Kul Nesîmî 18631:Pir Sultan 18536:Khalafiyya 18531:Dukayniyya 18465:Shia Islam 18407:Maturidism 18329:Madkhalism 18232:Ibn Kullab 18055:Shia books 17605:Madkhalism 17505:Najjārīyya 17395:al-Qībtī ( 17369:Karramiyya 17365:Ibn Karram 17321:Mu'jassimā 17209:Al-Maydani 17199:Ali Qushji 17124:Al-Bazdawi 17100:Maturidism 17085:Al-Shafi'i 16954:Al-Baydawi 16914:Qadi Ayyad 16889:Ibn Tumart 16844:Al-Ghazali 16829:Al-Juwayni 16819:Al-Bayhaqi 16810:al-Ash'ari 16782:Philosophy 16703:Philosophy 16451:Prayer rug 16214:Sufi music 16074:Hizb Rateb 16052:Ceremonies 15820:Zarruqiyya 15528:Ismul Azam 14652:Bayramiyya 14638:Rahmaniyya 14530:Chishtiyya 14062:2020-01-15 14056:mstv.co.in 14037:2020-01-15 13898:2017-05-05 13796:2021-04-18 13138:17 January 13105:2019-01-02 13067:2022-04-30 13032:2022-04-30 12405:anqa.co.uk 12388:regularly. 12120:. London: 11997:B005JNAG7A 11567:2021-04-18 11475:2021-04-18 11403:Qalandaria 11115:2020-12-30 11093:2020-12-30 10923:ejtaal.net 10904:2018-10-09 10837:Darul Ifta 10644:2009-03-26 10595:"Muraqaba" 10507:2020-02-08 10404:sunnah.com 10385:2022-12-03 10085:Ernst 2010 10070:Ernst 2010 9775:Babou 2007 9721:. Oxford: 9426:2017-06-04 9152:2021-06-12 9053:1403960275 9026:, pg. 58. 8895:2024-02-16 8703:. p. 8624:2017-05-12 8422:, pg. 56. 8371:2017-06-24 7906:1091678717 7890:. London. 7827:2018-06-26 7764:2023-09-19 7356:References 7348:in Islam. 7322:Visual art 7264:Elif Şafak 7234:Literature 7219:Kabbalists 7154:Maimonides 7125:Al-Kusajri 7067:See also: 7029:improve it 6916:See also: 6898:Suhrawardi 6642:See also: 6364:al-Ghazali 6320:al-Ghazali 6255:asceticism 6224:Ana-l-Haqq 6185:Ibn 'Arabi 6010:Al-Dhahabi 5951:Ex-critics 5505:Al-Qashani 5497:Al-Baydawi 5359:al-'Adil I 5268:Abu Madyan 5103:Ibn 'Arabi 5070:pilgrimage 5028:al-Ghazali 5023:Al-Ghazālī 4945:Sulh-e-Kul 4929:Baba Farid 4757:Burhaniyya 4655:dictionary 4628:See also: 4499:At-Tajalli 4494:At-Tahlili 4370:Said Nursi 4283:, also in 4176:Shah Jalal 4158:Pakistan; 4128:Afāq Khoja 4096:Visitation 4084:(d. 801), 4076:(d. 729), 4072:(d. 728), 3778:meditation 3733:meditation 3691:is called 3670:meditation 3638:recitation 3491:neo-Sufism 3463:Neo-Sufism 3359:Tajikistan 3195:role model 3148:Ilahi-nama 3055:Shi'i Imam 3032:Divine Law 2814:Naqshbandi 2756:Grand Imam 2691:Modern era 2641:cliff, in 2617:South Asia 2587:tribes of 2493:order was 2491:Shadiliyya 2483:Chishtiyya 2473:order was 2451:Shadiliyya 2443:Chishtiyya 2289:pure Islam 2237:Tijaniyyah 2213:Rahmaniyya 2197:Naqshbandi 2169:Burhaniyya 2150:Twelverism 2142:Isma'ilism 2133:(singular 2098:Naqshbandi 2083:attributes 1848:Historian 1628:Nile Green 1624:monotheism 1543:modern era 1520:Shia Islam 1392:asceticism 1347:al-Ṣūfiyya 1103:Philosophy 840:(exegesis) 777:Pilgrimage 767:Almsgiving 598:Sufi music 367:Suhrawardi 357:Naqshbandi 26674:Venezuela 26619:Argentina 26536:Australia 26488:Nicaragua 26463:Guatemala 26263:Lithuania 26085:Sri Lanka 26080:Singapore 26060:Palestine 25948:Indonesia 25938:Hong Kong 25760:Mauritius 25481:Overviews 25436:Criticism 25389:Sectarian 25379:Terrorism 25354:Theocracy 25299:Happiness 25267:Pluralism 25252:Education 25178:Religion 25150:Salvation 25140:Sociology 25085:Religious 25065:Pantheism 25055:Nontheism 24948:Mountains 24926:Sacrifice 24881:Orthodoxy 24871:Mythology 24866:Mysticism 24755:Behaviour 24664:Canaanite 24647:Mithraism 24615:Pueblo IV 24605:Pueblo II 24510:Mazdakism 24485:Hungarian 24458:Mysteries 24367:Dravidian 24149:Hungarian 24065:Caucasian 24036:Godianism 23996:Agni Yoga 23986:Theosophy 23949:Rastafari 23924:Modekngei 23904:Brahmoism 23897:Syncretic 23889:movements 23887:religious 23799:Quimbanda 23747:Candomblé 23740:Diasporic 23519:Bathouism 23509:Benzhuism 23424:Tsimshian 23375:Purépecha 23296:Longhouse 23271:Sun Dance 23203:Blackfoot 23191:Wabunowin 23186:Midewiwin 23107:Malaysian 23097:Kapitayan 22907:Digambara 22892:Ayyavazhi 22857:Vajrayana 22822:Theravada 22735:Ganapatya 22708:Ramanandi 22637:Hoahaoism 22515:Yiguandao 22410:Yarsanism 22405:Shabakism 22392:Yazdânism 22382:Zurvanism 22377:Mazdaznan 22336:Rastafari 22331:Mandaeism 22205:Wahhabism 22185:Ash'arism 22148:Tolstoyan 22138:Spiritual 22128:Mormonism 22099:Judaizers 22072:Quakerism 22050:Methodist 22040:Irvingism 21991:Calvinism 21944:Adventism 21927:Moravians 21764:Abrahamic 21650:Symbolism 21608:Incidents 21586:Criticism 21478:Mormonism 21375:Astrology 21301:Cosmology 21296:Astronomy 21238:Arabesque 21105:Etiquette 21064:Blasphemy 20854:Economics 20669:Ahmadiyya 20611:Muhakkima 20558:Wahhabism 20548:Mu'tazili 20533:Ash'arism 19994:Modernism 19926:Sabbatean 19914:Kabbalist 19892:Ahmadiyya 19823:Kala Kato 19796:Kā‘bīyya 19727:Bishriyya 19707:Muʿtazila 19635:al-Juhani 19628:Qadariyah 19498:Kalandars 19478:Hāshwīyya 19366:Abū Shamr 19299:Zarībīyya 19296:Wāhidīyya 19287:Sūramīyya 19281:Razīnīyya 19257:Dhīmmīyya 19226:Hasan ibn 19200:Wahbiyyah 19147:Abu Qurra 19073:Muhakkima 19017:Hurufiyya 19004:Mahdiists 18919:Riyāhīyya 18900:Hārbīyya 18841:Aga Khans 18836:Assassins 18799:Sulaymani 18763:ad-Darazi 18701:Hārābātīs 18618:Qizilbash 18611:Shaykhism 18487:Jarudiyya 18398:Al-Ahbash 18379:Ash'arism 18312:Al-Albani 18292:Wahhabism 18137:Ahmadiyya 18078:Al-Khisal 17988:Al-Irshad 17943:Key books 17590:Al-Albani 17558:Wahhabism 17412:Mu'tazila 17401:Qadariyah 17279:Mu'attila 17194:Ibn Kemal 17189:Khidr Bey 17069:Hanafiyah 17004:Al-Bahūtī 16999:Ibn Ashir 16964:Ibn Arafa 16859:Ibn Furak 16854:Al-Maziri 16805:Ash'arism 16772:Cosmology 16749:Cosmology 16744:Astronomy 16716:Education 16461:Tagelmust 16456:Qashabiya 16431:Jellabiya 16335:Mausoleum 16028:Rahbaniya 15842:Waridates 15659:Muraqabah 15654:Muhasabah 15338:Mutahaqiq 15133:Aurangzeb 15003:Al-Darani 14752:Muraqabah 14720:Practices 14694:Idrisiyya 14680:Tijaniyya 14620:Ibn Arabi 14614:Akbariyya 14586:Desuqiyya 14572:Badawiyya 14558:Rifa'iyya 14502:Qadiriyya 14397:The Sufis 14089:(1): 184. 14032:0362-4331 13958:April 29, 13893:0261-3077 13869:. SFGate. 13853:Shah 1970 13822:26 August 13741:7 January 13707:7 January 13646:7 January 13612:7 January 13578:7 January 13544:7 January 13485:7 January 13409:Shah 1970 12610:Routledge 12338:Routledge 12304:Routledge 12270:Routledge 12198:Routledge 11964:Arab News 11516:13 August 11494:ignored ( 11454:977150850 11344:ignored ( 11334:cite book 10552:26 August 10451:certainty 10037:742957142 9826:26 August 9318:|4/8/2015 9234:211657444 9130:"Barelvi" 8954:166309522 8946:0887-7653 8513:13 August 8466:13 August 8343:Compare: 8231:1874-6691 7961:2690-3741 7914:cite book 7735:cite book 7727:191932004 7587:0585-5292 7513:0578-8072 7480:4 January 7403:Citations 7266:'s novel 7129:Al-Harawi 7045:July 2017 7033:verifying 6931:Al-Biruni 6844:Nasreddin 6746:Wahhabism 6627:Reception 6437:aphorisms 6209:ʿubudiyya 6002:Al-Nawawi 5583:Al-Suyuti 5528:Al-Safadi 5337:Ibn Malik 5084:Ibn Arabi 5043:Madariyya 5013:Aïn Madhi 5006:Tijaniyya 4777:Desuqiyya 4763:, son of 4755:order or 4753:Desuqiyya 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26418:Barbados 26383:Scotland 26343:Slovenia 26338:Slovakia 26313:Portugal 26183:Bulgaria 26105:Thailand 26055:Pakistan 26035:Mongolia 26030:Maldives 26025:Malaysia 25913:Cambodia 25860:Zimbabwe 25835:Tanzania 25685:Ethiopia 25680:Eswatini 25660:Djibouti 25625:Cameroon 25610:Botswana 25554:Timeline 25549:Scholars 25509:Founders 25369:Violence 25324:Politics 25194:Business 25157:Theology 24901:Prophecy 24891:Paganism 24779:Covenant 24746:Apostasy 24681:Scythian 24622:Rapa Nui 24576:Thracian 24571:Illyrian 24561:Albanian 24532:Sumerian 24475:Harappan 24411:Germanic 24406:Georgian 24399:Selk'nam 24384:Etruscan 24372:Egyptian 24350:Druidism 24313:Armenian 24236:Satanism 24216:Eckankar 24139:Estonian 24124:Romanian 24114:Ossetian 24094:Germanic 24043:Armenian 24032:African 24025:paganism 23954:Sant Mat 23944:Rajneesh 23919:Meivazhi 23914:Japanese 23871:Siberian 23804:Santería 23774:Convince 23640:Bushongo 23544:Kiratism 23471:Hmongism 23338:Wocekiye 23323:Jivaroan 23291:Iroquois 23286:Ho-Chunk 23235:Cherokee 23158:American 23129:Hawaiian 23042:Sarnaism 23012:Tungusic 23000:Tengrism 22990:Mongolic 22919:Sarnaism 22850:Nichiren 22827:Mahayana 22814:Buddhism 22792:Sant Mat 22782:Sauraism 22777:Smartism 22772:Shaktism 22765:Balinese 22750:Kaumaram 22745:Kapalika 22740:Kashmiri 22725:Shaivism 22665:Hinduism 22632:Caodaism 22576:Ryukyuan 22571:Tenrikyo 22566:Shugendō 22544:Japanese 22415:Yazidism 22400:Ishikism 22278:Quranism 22251:Khawarij 22200:Salafism 22195:Atharism 22084:Esoteric 22055:Holiness 22045:Lutheran 22006:Reformed 21986:Baptists 21959:Brethren 21923:Hussites 21911:Assyrian 21827:Haymanot 21781:Orthodox 21730:Religion 21688:Category 21581:Islamism 21564:Muhammad 21520:Apostasy 21495:Hinduism 21385:Feminism 21316:Medicine 21156:Military 21110:Gambling 21059:Apostasy 21054:Criminal 20966:Marriage 20935:Tayammum 20887:Murabaha 20760:Madrasas 20750:Holidays 20740:Clothing 20735:Children 20730:Calendar 20681:Quranism 20615:Khawarij 20587:Alawites 20538:Atharism 20432:Rashidun 20271:In Islam 20266:Muhammad 20111:Tawakkul 20078:Tawassul 20040:Taṣawwuf 19962:doctrine 19810:Quranism 19599:Namiriya 19228:Muḥāmmad 19221:Murji'ah 18935:Rawendis 18858:Satpanth 18779:Musta'li 18774:Fatimids 18672:Hurufism 18659:Alawites 18564:Sects in 18556:Mahdiist 18492:Batriyya 18438:Deobandi 18389:Shafi'is 18324:Jihadism 18271:Salafism 18239:Hanbalis 18220:Atharism 18133:Malfūzāt 18071:Al-Amali 17668:Hazimism 17380:Murji'ah 17304:Jahmīyya 17292:Mu'jbira 16884:Ibn Aqil 16471:Tarboosh 16426:Gandoura 16421:Djellaba 16038:Taqabbur 15788:Tawassul 15783:Tawakkul 15447:Concepts 15365:Qalandar 15328:Muqarrab 15323:Muqaddam 15306:Marabout 14891:Al-Burda 14777:Tawakkul 14772:Tabarruk 14767:Tawassul 14762:Tazkiyah 14371:(1996). 14328:(2013). 14318:26296782 14310:27513026 14246:(2001). 14121:(1995). 14097:(2007). 13932:70825403 13444:page 141 13353:Archived 13323:Archived 13289:Archived 13259:Archived 13229:Archived 13202:Archived 13099:Archived 12983:Archived 12871:Archived 12832:Geo News 12641:New York 12568:(2014). 12444:Malaysia 12440:Selangor 12432:(2018). 12296:(2013). 12232:New York 12224:(2013). 11873:57176198 11838:44147203 10715:askmufti 10623:, p. 77. 10299:(1368). 10262:(1368). 9923:(1985). 9812:"Sufism" 9515:Archived 9169:(2004). 9028:Berkeley 8916:(2015). 8840:(1993). 8693:(2014). 8670:Alim.org 8348:(2007). 7871:55505825 7851:(2002). 7818:"Sufism" 7784:(1993). 7635:(eds.). 7595:43577536 7521:20839016 7474:Archived 7199:Tasawwuf 7187:Hasidism 7139:Perushim 7112:— 6958:Muraqaba 6864:humanism 6742:Salafism 6702:violence 6451:and the 6228:apostasy 6108:Category 5996:Neutrals 5920:Ibn Iyas 5352:Students 5215:Teachers 5112:Akbarism 5094:a series 5091:Part of 5078:Makanpur 4987:Algerian 4679:— 4672:, Iraq: 4609:tazkiyah 4607:al nafs/ 4453:Khalwati 4368:scholar 4361:orders. 4359:Shadhili 4279:or درگه 4275:: درگاه 4205:Miracles 4054:miracles 4035:ʾawliyāʾ 3942:manqabat 3850:and the 3794:semazens 3729:muraqaba 3707:Muraqaba 3701:Muraqaba 3583:for all 3549:occasion 3349:Tomb of 3303:tasawwuf 3210:Tomb of 3104:Muhammad 3078:metaphor 3074:allegory 2990:Paradise 2938:Caucasus 2907:mystical 2740:theology 2717:Istanbul 2680:Istanbul 2609:Anatolia 2591:and the 2552:and the 2542:Jahangir 2347:Hanbalis 2339:tasawwuf 2328:tasawwuf 2305:Tasawwuf 2247:orders. 2245:Zahabiya 2229:Shadhili 2177:Khalwati 2165:Bektashi 2102:Abu Bakr 2040:khanqahs 2009:Muhammad 1843:Tasawwuf 1831:Tasawwuf 1706:tazkiyah 1701:tasawwuf 1612:tasawwuf 1608:Muhammad 1602:and the 1589:'Sufism' 1575:tasawwuf 1554:Salafism 1512:theology 1500:legalism 1453:Muhammad 1336:الصوفية‎ 1269:Glossary 1245:Jihadism 1218:Violence 1213:Islamism 1184:Muhammad 1170:Apostasy 1113:Politics 1063:Feminism 1058:Exorcism 1019:Diaspora 1004:Children 999:Calendar 927:Rashidun 905:Muhammad 900:Timeline 861:Mathnawi 723:Prophets 667:a series 665:Part of 462:Shattari 427:Malamati 377:Khalwati 362:Shadhili 342:Bektashi 312:Whirling 282:Anasheed 209:Qalandar 77:Tomb of 51:a series 49:Part of 26723:Portals 26669:Uruguay 26644:Ecuador 26624:Bolivia 26601:Vanuatu 26528:Oceania 26478:Jamaica 26458:Grenada 26413:Bahamas 26373:England 26363:Ukraine 26318:Romania 26278:Moldova 26238:Ireland 26233:Iceland 26228:Hungary 26218:Germany 26208:Finland 26203:Estonia 26198:Denmark 26193:Czechia 26188:Croatia 26173:Belgium 26168:Belarus 26163:Austria 26158:Andorra 26153:Albania 26130:Vietnam 26040:Myanmar 26015:Lebanon 25933:Georgia 25893:Bahrain 25883:Armenia 25845:Tunisia 25815:Somalia 25800:Senegal 25785:Nigeria 25775:Namibia 25765:Morocco 25730:Liberia 25725:Lesotho 25675:Eritrea 25645:Comoros 25620:Burundi 25595:Algeria 25539:Outline 25504:Deities 25431:Atheism 25344:Science 25262:Freedom 25120:History 25087:studies 25040:Dualism 25030:Animism 24995:Worship 24975:Symbols 24916:Liturgy 24829:Goddess 24789:Deities 24770:Laicism 24760:Beliefs 24739:Aspects 24711:Zapotec 24706:Vainakh 24674:Yahwism 24659:Semitic 24588:Iranian 24490:Hurrian 24480:Hittite 24470:Guanche 24463:Orphism 24394:Fuegian 24389:Finnish 24377:Atenism 24323:Latvian 24308:Arabian 24251:Raëlism 24231:Jediism 24226:Goddess 24199:De novo 24087:Druidry 23981:Thelema 23934:New Age 23819:Umbanda 23710:Tumbuka 23695:Odinala 23680:Lugbara 23600:African 23566:African 23514:Bimoism 23504:Burmese 23350:Mapuche 23316:Wyandot 23276:Guarani 23257:Choctaw 23252:Chilote 23171:Alaskan 23166:Abenaki 23117:Tagalog 23090:Kejawèn 22939:Sikhism 22902:Jainism 22862:Tibetan 22845:Amidism 22713:Warkari 22627:Đạo Mẫu 22477:Chinese 22459:Eastern 22436:Roshani 22355:Iranian 22263:Alevism 22256:Ibadism 22229:Zaydism 21906:Ancient 21877:Eastern 21837:Renewal 21822:Karaite 21803:Zionist 21791:Hasidic 21773:Judaism 21755:Western 21635:Nursing 21596:Qutbism 21510:Sikhism 21505:Judaism 21500:Jainism 21490:Druzism 21326:Physics 21273:Pottery 21258:Gardens 21253:Carpets 21168:Slavery 21090:Divorce 21077:Dhabiĥa 20905:Hygiene 20880:Takaful 20862:Banking 20792:Science 20786:Qurbani 20755:Mosques 20715:Animals 20704:Culture 20638:Nukkari 20633:Azzabas 20620:Azariqa 20604:Zaydism 20592:Alevism 20468:Ottoman 20458:Almohad 20453:Fatimid 20448:Córdoba 20443:Abbasid 20438:Umayyad 20371:Leaders 20366:History 20324:Shahada 20239:Beliefs 20160:Shafi'i 20150:Hanbali 20116:Tewafuq 20096:Sadaqah 20057:Barelvi 20048:Ṭarīqah 19902:Qadiani 19875:beliefs 19645:Alevism 19492:Dimashq 19278:Nūnīyya 19272:Maʿīyya 19232:ibn al- 19207:Azzabas 19168:Ibadism 19156:Nukkari 19110:Azariqa 19095:Ajardi 19042:Bábīyya 18948:Sunpadh 18880:Mukhtār 18845:Nizaris 18820:Alevism 18794:Dawoodi 18784:Tayyibi 18746:Sevener 18725:Fathite 18599:Akhbari 18594:Ja'fari 18581:Twelver 18560:Shi'ite 18497:Imamate 18474:Zaydism 18425:Barelvi 18412:Hanafis 18384:Malikis 18353:Maqrizi 18302:Ibn Baz 18261:Zahiris 18023:Masnavi 17575:Ibn Baz 17389:Dimashq 17089:Shafi‘i 17019:'Illish 16754:Physics 16736:Science 16559:Masnavi 16466:Taqiyah 16441:Misbaha 16416:Burnous 16399:Objects 16350:Musalla 16330:Maqbara 16320:Madrasa 16310:Külliye 16305:Khanqah 16300:Khalawi 16280:Gongbei 16184:Qawwali 16174:Nasheed 16157:Ashewiq 16141:Ziyarat 16116:Silsila 16043:Zandaqa 16002:Walayah 15980:Tajalli 15936:Ma'rifa 15921:Karamat 15901:Hidayah 15855:Basirah 15850:Barakah 15793:Tazkiah 15771:Tawajud 15759:Takhlia 15730:Tafakur 15691:Salawat 15498:Ghaflah 15380:Rabbani 15333:Murshid 15311:Mudaqiq 15301:Majzoob 15271:Dervish 14808:Karamat 14742:Ziyarat 14074:Sources 13359:26 June 13332:26 June 13295:26 June 13265:26 June 13235:26 June 13208:26 June 12773:Reuters 12538:Lebanon 11408:15 July 10816:12 June 10791:12 June 10720:12 June 10697:intent. 10690:12 June 9905:silsila 9717:(ed.). 9034:, 2007. 8985:, p. 32 8920:Awiliyā 8891:, Brill 8377:Sufism. 8352:(ed.). 8264:(ed.). 8152:(ed.). 7759:Amaliah 7316:Prophet 7229:Culture 7195:Hasidic 7027:Please 6968:to the 6954:Samadhi 6805:in the 5445:Baybars 5017:Algeria 4854:order. 4821:Hanbali 4817:Baghdad 4813:Hanbali 4779:order. 4653:Persian 4651:from a 4617:Barakah 4488:Tajalli 4456:Jerrahi 4420:in the 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2121:ḥaqīqah 2113:tarîqât 2032:zawiyas 2024:majalis 1929:tazkiah 1794:Ṣahabah 1789: 1782:بَيْعَة 1767:Muslims 1757:Origins 1746:History 1583: 1459:tazkiya 1414:صُوفِيّ 1370:) is a 1363:: 1356:التصوف‎ 1343:: 1140:Slavery 1123:Science 1078:Madrasa 1073:Finance 984:Animals 972:society 968:Culture 940:Imamate 920:Sahabah 893:History 863:(Poems) 848:(creed) 772:Fasting 700:Oneness 693:Beliefs 608:Ziyarat 593:History 583:Ma'rifa 545:Singers 507:Jerrahi 497:Inayati 457:Mevlevi 452:Kubrawi 447:Azeemia 432:Mouridi 417:Jelveti 412:Bayrami 402:Darqawi 382:Rahmani 352:Chishti 317:Ziyarat 302:Qawwali 254:Tazkiah 219:Silsila 194:Murshid 179:Ma'rifa 159:Karamat 114:Dervish 39:Tazkiah 18:Tasawuf 26765:Sufism 26710:Portal 26649:Guyana 26629:Brazil 26596:Tuvalu 26493:Panama 26483:Mexico 26428:Canada 26423:Belize 26353:Sweden 26333:Serbia 26323:Russia 26308:Poland 26303:Norway 26283:Monaco 26253:Latvia 26248:Kosovo 26223:Greece 26213:France 26145:Europe 26110:Turkey 26095:Taiwan 26000:Kuwait 25973:Jordan 25963:Israel 25923:Cyprus 25908:Brunei 25903:Bhutan 25855:Zambia 25850:Uganda 25790:Rwanda 25745:Malawi 25705:Guinea 25695:Gambia 25600:Angola 25587:Africa 25396:Wealth 25339:Schism 25294:Growth 25218:Priest 25203:Clergy 25022:Theism 25005:Nature 25000:Astral 24943:Groves 24911:Ritual 24896:Prayer 24854:Novice 24804:Ethnic 24729:Topics 24701:Urartu 24696:Tongan 24691:Somali 24686:Slavic 24566:Dacian 24345:Celtic 24340:Basque 24318:Baltic 24169:Udmurt 24134:Uralic 24129:Slavic 24082:Celtic 24070:Abkhaz 24058:Romuva 24048:Baltic 24023:Modern 23866:Papuan 23829:Voodoo 23784:Kumina 23725:Yoruba 23715:Urhobo 23685:Maasai 23670:Lotuko 23618:Baluba 23608:Akamba 23581:Berber 23539:Heraka 23529:Dongba 23407:Pueblo 23402:Pawnee 23392:Navajo 23382:Muisca 23345:Lenape 23333:Lakota 23311:Seneca 23301:Mohawk 23223:Ohlone 23198:Apache 23181:Ojibwe 23156:Native 23022:Manchu 23017:Evenki 22978:Altaic 22969:Ethnic 22944:Khalsa 22897:Kalash 22787:Śrauta 22656:Indian 22586:Korean 22552:Shinto 22522:Taoism 22495:Luoism 22321:Baháʼí 22316:Bábism 22268:Ahmadi 22246:Sufism 22239:Alawis 21889:Church 21817:Reform 21798:Modern 21786:Haredi 21447: 21405:poetry 21215: 21100:Ethics 21084:Dhimmi 21043:Baligh 21004:Mahram 20961:Family 20941:Toilet 20921:Miswak 20674:Lahori 20657:Najdat 20553:Salafi 20503:Seerah 20498:Tafsir 20493:Hadith 20463:Sokoto 20408:Sahaba 20283:Angels 20260:Tawhid 20217:topics 20165:Zahiri 20155:Maliki 20145:Hanafi 20121:Thawab 20101:Sunnah 20026:Other 19982:Hizmet 19946:Zikris 19917:Dönmes 19907:Lahori 19873:Muslim 19693:Rifa`i 19633:Ma'bad 19515:Tajsīm 19463:Tamsīl 19190:Ifrani 19130:Najdat 19033:Shayki 19002:Other 18970:Mazyar 18849:Khojas 18827:Nizari 18806:Hafizi 18767:Druzes 18748: 18692:Alians 18646:Ghulat 18126:Alawis 17393:Nabati 17358:Abdals 17340:Juzjan 17079:Maliki 16764:Sufism 16688:Ethics 16675:Aqidah 16667:Fields 16646:Fields 16476:Turban 16446:Miswak 16436:Khirqa 16411:Balgha 16406:Ammama 16390:Zawiya 16380:Turbah 16345:Mosque 16315:Kuttab 16295:Khalwa 16275:Gonbad 16270:Eidgah 16260:Dargah 16248:Places 16136:Wezeea 16131:Tweeza 16126:Tariqa 16111:Sebiba 16089:Mawsim 16084:Mawlid 16079:Idjaza 16064:Bay'ah 16059:Ashura 15985:Thawab 15975:Secret 15958:Rabita 15931:Khatir 15916:Ishrak 15896:Haqiqa 15872:Djadba 15815:Wazifa 15747:Tahlia 15735:Tahara 15708:Shuhud 15649:Lazimi 15644:Latifa 15632:Ichara 15591:Djamaa 15568:Yaqeen 15454:Aayane 15405:Talibe 15395:Siddiq 15390:Sheikh 15296:Khatib 15286:Hezzab 15236:Sufism 15196:Portal 15074:Ruwaym 14747:Mawlid 14485:Sufism 14437: 14407: 14381: 14338: 14316: 14308: 14277: 14256: 14232: 14211: 14190: 14169: 14150: 14131: 14107: 14030: 14001:1 July 13997:. 2020 13930: 13920: 13891: 13732: 13698: 13671: 13637: 13603: 13569: 13535: 13476: 13440: 13396:598339 13394: 13351:. FP. 13163: 13129: 13091: 13058: 12778:London 12749: 12715: 12655: 12643:: The 12616: 12582: 12548: 12534:Beirut 12503: 12450: 12379: 12344: 12310: 12276: 12242: 12204: 12194:London 12166: 12132: 12097: 12062: 12028: 11995: 11871: 11861: 11836: 11788: 11695: 11670: 11645: 11618: 11591: 11452: 11322: 11298: 11269:Lataif 11240: 11230:jadhba 11215: 11195: 10987: 10876: 10659:"None" 10619: 10528: 10482: 10461: 10436: 10424: 10313:14 May 10277:14 May 10229: 10206: 10057: 10035: 10025: 9990: 9966: 9939: 9899: 9875: 9851: 9762: 9633: 9612: 9565: 9553: 9358: 9335: 9314: 9289:] 9258: 9232: 9222: 9177: 9087: 9051: 8977: 8952: 8944: 8850: 8805: 8781: 8720:4 June 8711: 8648: 8582: 8539: 8430: 8362: 8288: 8270:Boston 8229: 8219: 8201:Leiden 8178: 8160:Leiden 8110: 7959: 7904: 7894: 7869: 7859: 7833:times. 7794: 7725: 7715: 7690:29 May 7683:Tariqa 7661: 7643:Leiden 7593: 7585: 7544: 7519: 7511: 7466: 7448:Oxford 7346:martyr 7248:Turkey 7207:sheikh 7192:Jewish 7093:Hebrew 6966:tariqa 6964:, and 6962:Dhyana 6848:Seljuk 6777:bid‘ah 6764:, and 6725:jurist 6722:Shiite 6708:. The 6674:shrine 6478:Qur'an 6457:tawhid 6453:Sunnah 6449:Qur'an 6243:Sheikh 6198:tawhid 6134: 6110: 6106: 6067: 6048: 5783: 5191: 5114: 5074:Medina 5058:Aleppo 4852:Qadiri 4847:tafsir 4842:hadith 4833:hadith 4803:Shiraz 4726:Sunnah 4722:Bastam 4589:Sheikh 4556:Marifa 4535:Farasa 4379:sunnah 4354:jadhba 4311:Dargah 4293:shrine 4281:dargah 4277:dargâh 4268:dargah 4245:karama 4225:کرامات 4221:Arabic 4199:Mawlid 4180:Sylhet 4156:Multan 4148:Lahore 4102:Ziyara 4062:hadith 4050:saints 4041:أولياء 4025:Arabic 4010:(1552) 3997:mystic 3979:Saints 3965:dholak 3950:ghazal 3852:Chisti 3802:سماعزن 3678:trance 3676:, and 3589:hadith 3537:aqidah 3421:Nizami 3409:Rudaki 3379:sharia 3285:Maliki 3265:tawhid 3243:haqiqa 3237:tariqa 3232:sharia 3153:sunnah 3076:, and 2978:Multan 2928:, and 2891:Kosovo 2883:Cyprus 2850:Uwaisi 2790:Alians 2771:Maliki 2763:Hanafi 2664:zawiya 2647:Bosnia 2615:, and 2603:, and 2499:Hanafi 2495:Maliki 2489:; the 2487:Hanafi 2415:orders 2335:sharia 2285:Spirit 2241:Uwaisi 2217:Rifa'i 2117:tariqa 2111:, pl. 2109:tariqa 2065:hadith 1980:tariqa 1968:Tariqa 1956:Ruwaym 1897:sunnah 1839:Sheikh 1823:hadith 1819:Sahaba 1815:Shaykh 1811:bayʿah 1778:Arabic 1728:suffah 1604:sunnah 1427:tariqa 1390:, and 1372:mystic 1352:Arabic 1332:Arabic 1328:Sufism 1194:Hadith 1108:Poetry 1088:Mosque 1053:Ethics 878:Sharia 846:Aqidah 838:Tafsir 822:Hadith 816:Sunnah 760:Prayer 711:Angels 578:Haqiqa 573:Tariqa 568:Sharia 563:Tawhid 517:Zahedi 512:Madari 487:Galibi 482:Akbari 467:Uwaisi 407:Senusi 397:Tijani 392:Desuqi 387:Badawi 372:Rifa`i 347:Qadiri 264:Yaqeen 174:Manzil 169:Lataif 139:Haqiqa 62:Sufism 26749:Islam 26634:Chile 26591:Tonga 26581:Samoa 26571:Palau 26561:Nauru 26468:Haiti 26388:Wales 26348:Spain 26273:Malta 26243:Italy 26135:Yemen 26090:Syria 26070:Qatar 26045:Nepal 26020:Macau 25983:Korea 25968:Japan 25943:India 25918:China 25830:Sudan 25780:Niger 25735:Libya 25720:Kenya 25700:Ghana 25690:Gabon 25665:Egypt 25605:Benin 25514:Index 25485:lists 25349:State 25167:Women 25035:Deism 25010:Place 24990:Water 24985:Truth 24953:Trees 24809:Faith 24774:Laity 24669:Punic 24627:Roman 24593:Vedic 24551:Olmec 24438:Greek 24431:Norse 24355:Irish 24176:Wicca 23971:Subud 23861:Inuit 23834:Winti 23824:Vodou 23789:Obeah 23769:Comfa 23752:Bantu 23705:Serer 23690:Mbuti 23650:Dogon 23645:Dinka 23628:Kongo 23623:Bantu 23549:Qiang 23439:Yaqui 23370:Olmec 23360:Aztec 23281:Haida 23218:Miwok 23213:Kuksu 23134:Māori 23065:Dayak 22986:Turko 22949:Sects 22885:Other 22840:Thiền 22424:Other 22326:Druze 22304:Other 22180:Sunni 22172:Islam 21954:Amish 21872:Latin 21569:Quran 21449:Other 21344:Early 21268:Music 21184:Kalam 21138:Jizya 21126:Hudud 21011:Nikah 20928:Najis 20914:Ghusl 20873:Sukuk 20802:Women 20770:Music 20745:Flags 20650:Sufri 20643:Wahbi 20628:Ibadi 20528:Sunni 20488:Quran 20345:Zakat 20331:Salah 20294:Qadar 20252:Allah 20215:Islam 20106:Taqwa 19490:ī ad- 19488:Fāris 19142:Sufri 18965:Babak 18789:Alavi 18755:Hamza 18713:Imami 18604:Usuli 18577:Imami 18568:Islam 18552:Imami 18334:Sahwa 17397:Murjī 17391:ī an- 17342:ī al- 17333:Balkh 17057:Sunni 17054:Early 16726:Peace 16721:Logic 16693:Kalam 16654:Books 16526:Books 16385:Türbe 16375:Takya 16370:Surau 16365:Ribat 16360:Rauza 16355:Qubba 16340:Mazar 16325:Maqam 16255:Daara 16179:Naʽat 16164:] 16106:] 16099:Sbooa 16094:Salka 16069:Haḍra 16033:Shath 16007:Warid 15997:] 15970:Ru'ya 15965:] 15953:] 15946:Qabdh 15926:Kashf 15911:Irfan 15906:Ilham 15891:] 15879:] 15867:] 15805:] 15778:] 15766:] 15754:] 15742:] 15720:Shukr 15715:] 15703:] 15681:] 15674:Sahar 15639:] 15627:] 15620:Ibara 15610:] 15603:Djoua 15598:] 15586:Dhikr 15578:Awrad 15538:Maqam 15518:Ihsan 15508:Hijab 15488:Dhawq 15483:Baqaa 15473:] 15461:] 15427:Wasil 15417:] 15385:Salik 15370:Qāriʾ 15350:Murid 15345:] 15318:] 15281:Hafiz 15276:Fakir 15251:Abdal 15244:Sufis 14833:Salik 14828:Murid 14818:Dhawq 14803:Kashf 14793:Ihsan 14786:Ideas 14757:Taqwa 14732:Haḍra 14727:Dhikr 14314:S2CID 14306:JSTOR 13392:JSTOR 13326:(PDF) 13315:(PDF) 12369:India 11834:JSTOR 11426:with 10996:2 May 10501:(PDF) 10304:(PDF) 10267:(PDF) 10180:(PDF) 9844:Islam 9713:. In 9676:2 May 9654:2 May 9298:(PDF) 9291:(PDF) 9285:[ 9230:S2CID 9003:Paris 8950:S2CID 7591:JSTOR 7517:JSTOR 7361:Notes 7244:Konya 7179:Egypt 7107:Torah 7091:into 7083:, of 6981:baqaa 6950:Fanaa 6799:Sinai 6791:Egypt 6783:shirk 6767:dhikr 6662:grave 6658:Ḍarīẖ 6603:] 6550:] 6531:] 6512:] 6493:] 6441:Allah 6428:] 6405:] 6386:] 6311:] 6288:] 6251:Egypt 6247:Luxor 6120:Media 6060:] 6025:] 5904:] 5889:] 5850:] 5749:] 5702:] 5559:] 5520:] 5489:] 5397:] 5382:] 5329:] 5314:] 5299:] 5252:] 5203:] 5176:] 5163:] 5060:to a 5054:Syria 4937:Ajmer 4890:hizbs 4875:dhikr 4823:law. 4696:Basra 4688:death 4670:Basra 4605:Jihad 4544:Ilham 4527:Maqam 4511:maqam 4478:Kashf 4297:saint 4233:کرامة 4172:Delhi 4164:Ajmer 4140:Sindh 4124:Kulob 4058:Quran 4046:saint 3993:saint 3961:tabla 3938:na'at 3840:hırka 3807:kemal 3689:dhikr 3685:dhikr 3654:dance 3624:dhikr 3620:dhikr 3613:dhikr 3609:dhikr 3601:dhikr 3597:dhikr 3593:dhikr 3581:Quran 3576:Dhikr 3562:Dhikr 3556:Dhikr 3544:means 3513:dhikr 3477:) of 3429:Sanai 3425:Hafez 3417:Attar 3355:Kulob 3326:Amman 3295:saint 3254:sulûk 3249:salik 3161:Egypt 3059:Allah 3011:qanun 3003:fitra 2879:Alevi 2868:Cairo 2744:Egypt 2672:tekke 2670:, or 2593:Sudan 2589:Libya 2546:saint 2519:Islam 2407:LACMA 2135:murīd 2057:ihsan 2047:tekke 1988:ṭuruq 1984:(pl. 1774:bayah 1763:Hejaz 1732:dhikr 1712:تزكية 1600:Quran 1534:dhikr 1528:Irfan 1479:fitra 1471:ihsan 1435:ṭuruq 1431:(pl. 1420:ṣūfīy 1376:Islam 1240:Jihad 1189:Quran 1150:Women 1093:Music 1031:Sunni 880:(law) 828:Sirah 809:Quran 793:Texts 675:Islam 292:Haḍra 287:Dhikr 249:Salik 189:Murid 184:Maqam 164:Kashf 149:Irfan 144:Ihsan 124:Fakir 119:Dhawq 109:Baqaa 95:Abdal 89:Ideas 55:Islam 26659:Peru 26541:Fiji 26438:Cuba 26050:Oman 26010:Laos 25958:Iraq 25953:Iran 25870:Asia 25840:Togo 25750:Mali 25640:Chad 25483:and 25410:and 24980:Text 24960:Soul 24849:Monk 24814:Fire 24495:Inca 24303:Ainu 24187:list 24164:Sámi 23794:Palo 23762:Ketu 23757:Jejé 23675:Lozi 23655:Efik 23633:Zulu 23613:Akan 23466:Ahom 23458:Miao 23456:and 23444:Zuni 23417:Hopi 23365:Maya 23262:Crow 23228:Pomo 22875:list 22832:Chan 22803:list 22760:Nath 22558:list 22294:list 22219:Shia 22161:list 21848:list 21230:Arts 21161:POWs 21095:Diet 21025:Zina 20997:Mahr 20983:Haya 20947:Wudu 20894:Riba 20807:LGBT 20699:Life 20572:Shia 20567:Sufi 20352:Hajj 20338:Sawm 18872:Shia 17269:Rumi 16711:‘Aql 16189:Sama 16150:Arts 15884:Fath 15860:Bast 15832:Zuhd 15827:Wird 15810:Wajd 15798:Uzla 15696:Samt 15669:Sabr 15563:Sadr 15548:Qalb 15543:Nafs 15523:Ishq 15513:Huwa 15493:Fana 15422:Wali 15375:Qutb 15291:Imam 14823:Ishq 14798:Wajd 14737:Zuhd 14435:ISBN 14405:ISBN 14379:ISBN 14336:ISBN 14275:ISBN 14254:ISBN 14230:ISBN 14209:ISBN 14188:ISBN 14167:ISBN 14148:ISBN 14129:ISBN 14105:ISBN 14028:ISSN 14003:2020 13960:2024 13928:OCLC 13918:ISBN 13889:ISSN 13824:2015 13743:2022 13730:ISBN 13709:2022 13696:ISBN 13669:ISBN 13648:2022 13635:ISBN 13614:2022 13601:ISBN 13580:2022 13567:ISBN 13546:2022 13533:ISBN 13512:2021 13487:2022 13474:ISBN 13438:ISBN 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