20:
43:
333:"The desires of Her Highness Empress of Russia , ally of Rzeczpospolita , are and were no other than by using her armies to return to Rzeczpospolita and Poles the freedoms, and especially security and happiness to all citizens"
209:: Marshal (head) of the Confederation. Sentenced to death, but never apprehended. Instead, on September 29, 1794, his portrait was hanged (see illustration). In 1795 he was rewarded by Catherine the Great with the Russian
177:
and set the stage for the Third
Partition and the final dissolution of the Commonwealth in 1795. This outcome came as a surprise to most of the Confederates, who had wished only to restore the
683:
134:, especially the provisions limiting the privileges of the nobility. The text of the founding act of the confederation was drafted by the Russian general
347:, not blinded by the Prussian and royalist cabal, is convinced, that our Fatherland can only be saved by Russia, otherwise our nation will be enslaved".
357:"About past Poland and Poles . Gone is this country, and this name, as many others have perished in the world's history. I am now a Russian forever."
296:
Sentenced in absentia by the
Supreme Criminal Court to death and the confiscation of his estates. Executed in effigy on 29 September 1794.
193:, which historically applies to each member and supporter of the Targowica Confederation, became a synonym for a traitor, just as
639:
605:
571:
516:
473:
435:
397:
544:
162:
88:
91:
154:) on May 14, 1792. Four days later two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal
206:
166:
668:
389:
170:
139:
107:
268:
688:
678:
244:
352:
After Stanisław
Poniatowski's abdication and the destruction of the Commonwealth, Szczęsny Potocki said:
197:
is synonymous with treason. These meanings still function in the Polish language up to the present day.
173:. As a result, the King, Poniatowski, formally joined the Confederation. Their victory precipitated the
563:
427:
174:
127:
111:
103:
631:
Discourses of
Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): Texts and Commentaries
210:
115:
465:
238:
135:
47:
508:
274:
178:
99:
84:
31:
629:
595:
557:
502:
459:
421:
383:
299:
248:
142:. Its purpose was proclaimed in the small town of Targowica and the Potocki's estate (now in
215:
8:
673:
76:
19:
181:
and had expected that the overthrow of the May 3rd
Constitution would achieve that end.
258:
155:
283:
635:
601:
567:
512:
469:
431:
393:
147:
143:
35:
293:
95:
227:
23:
71:
59:
423:
State Death: The
Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation, and Annexation
338:
One of the founders of the
Targowica Confederation, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki:
504:
Poland's Last King and
English Culture: Stanisaw August Poniatowski, 1732–1798
662:
316:
252:
161:
The forces of the
Targowica Confederation defeated the troops loyal to the
42:
277:: Bishop. Hanged June 28, 1794, in Warsaw during the Kościuszko Uprising.
271:: Bishop. Hanged May 9, 1794, in Warsaw during the Kościuszko Uprising.
131:
344:
303:
287:
231:
151:
251:, but never apprehended. Having emigrated to Russia, he died at
627:
280:
27:
262:
684:
328:
From the Establishing Act of the Targowica Confederation:
634:. Central European University Press. pp. 282–284.
593:
555:
457:
500:
265:on April 25, 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising.
660:
419:
539:
537:
535:
461:Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland
532:
381:
600:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 342.
26:of the Leaders of Targowica Confederation,
628:Balázs Trencsényi; Michal Kopeček (2006).
98:, with the backing of the Russian Empress
16:1792 confederation of Poland and Lithuania
597:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
559:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
496:
494:
492:
126:The Targowica confederation opposed the
41:
18:
377:
375:
373:
371:
661:
621:
587:
549:
451:
385:The Polish-Lithuanian State: 1386–1795
302:convicted of treason and sentenced to
286:convicted of treason and sentenced to
230:convicted of treason and sentenced to
72:[kɔnfɛdɛˈrat͡sjatarɡɔˈvit͡ska]
489:
413:
70:
50:, author of the text of confederation
420:Tanisha M. Fazal (27 October 2011).
368:
13:
200:
14:
700:
247:: Sentenced to death during the
130:, which had been adopted by the
102:. The confederation opposed the
30:, 1794, in the aftermath of the
594:Jerzy Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996).
556:Jerzy Jerzy Jan Lerski (1996).
390:University of Washington Press
163:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
140:Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin
1:
458:Patrice M. Dabrowski (2004).
361:
167:Stanisław August Poniatowski
7:
501:Richard Butterwick (1998).
310:
269:Józef Kazimierz Kossakowski
245:Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
138:, Chief of Staff of Prince
10:
705:
564:Greenwood Publishing Group
428:Princeton University Press
207:Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
175:Second Partition of Poland
171:Polish–Russian War of 1792
128:Constitution of 3 May 1791
121:
116:Third Partitions of Poland
108:Polish–Russian War of 1792
104:Constitution of 3 May 1791
322:
259:Szymon Marcin Kossakowski
211:Order of Alexander Nevsky
184:
466:Indiana University Press
239:Karol Boscamp-Lasopolski
136:Vasili Stepanovich Popov
81:Targovicos konfederacija
48:Vasili Stepanovich Popov
509:Oxford University Press
223:Other magnate members:
64:konfederacja targowicka
56:Targowica Confederation
359:
349:
335:
275:Ignacy Jakub Massalski
80:
63:
51:
39:
32:Warsaw Uprising (1794)
669:Polish confederations
382:Daniel Stone (2001).
355:
341:
331:
241:hanged June 28, 1794.
94:on 27 April 1792, in
89:Polish and Lithuanian
45:
22:
689:Separatism in Poland
679:Partitions of Poland
430:. pp. 107–108.
392:. pp. 282–285.
165:, the Sejm and King
545:Google Prin, p. 540
249:Kościuszko Uprising
110:, which led to the
156:declaration of war
106:and fought in the
52:
40:
641:978-963-7326-52-3
607:978-0-313-26007-0
573:978-0-313-26007-0
518:978-0-19-820701-6
475:978-0-253-34429-8
437:978-0-691-13460-4
399:978-0-295-98093-5
148:Kirovohrad Oblast
144:Holovanivsk Raion
36:Jan Piotr Norblin
24:Hanging in effigy
696:
653:
652:
650:
648:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
591:
585:
584:
582:
580:
553:
547:
541:
530:
529:
527:
525:
498:
487:
486:
484:
482:
455:
449:
448:
446:
444:
417:
411:
410:
408:
406:
379:
294:Seweryn Rzewuski
213:and the rank of
96:Saint Petersburg
74:
69:
46:Russian general
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
695:
694:
693:
659:
658:
657:
656:
646:
644:
642:
626:
622:
612:
610:
608:
592:
588:
578:
576:
574:
566:. p. 268.
554:
550:
543:Davies, ibid.,
542:
533:
523:
521:
519:
511:. p. 310.
499:
490:
480:
478:
476:
468:. p. 101.
456:
452:
442:
440:
438:
418:
414:
404:
402:
400:
380:
369:
364:
325:
313:
284:Piotr Ożarowski
216:Général en chef
203:
201:Leading members
187:
179:status quo ante
124:
87:established by
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
702:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
655:
654:
640:
620:
606:
586:
572:
548:
531:
517:
488:
474:
450:
436:
412:
398:
366:
365:
363:
360:
354:
353:
340:
339:
330:
329:
324:
321:
320:
319:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:on 9 May 1794.
300:Józef Zabiełło
297:
291:
290:on 9 May 1794.
278:
272:
266:
256:
253:Belaya Tserkov
242:
235:
234:on 9 May 1794.
221:
220:
202:
199:
186:
183:
123:
120:
34:. Painting by
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
701:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
643:
637:
633:
632:
624:
609:
603:
599:
598:
590:
575:
569:
565:
561:
560:
552:
546:
540:
538:
536:
520:
514:
510:
506:
505:
497:
495:
493:
477:
471:
467:
463:
462:
454:
439:
433:
429:
425:
424:
416:
401:
395:
391:
387:
386:
378:
376:
374:
372:
367:
358:
351:
350:
348:
346:
337:
336:
334:
327:
326:
318:
315:
314:
305:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:: Hanged in
260:
257:
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
228:Józef Ankwicz
226:
225:
224:
218:
217:
212:
208:
205:
204:
198:
196:
192:
191:targowiczanin
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
85:confederation
82:
78:
73:
65:
61:
57:
49:
44:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
645:. Retrieved
630:
623:
611:. Retrieved
596:
589:
577:. Retrieved
558:
551:
522:. Retrieved
503:
479:. Retrieved
460:
453:
441:. Retrieved
422:
415:
403:. Retrieved
384:
356:
342:
332:
317:Hetman Party
222:
214:
194:
190:
188:
160:
125:
100:Catherine II
55:
53:
237:ambassador
674:Great Sejm
663:Categories
362:References
132:Great Sejm
77:Lithuanian
647:8 January
613:8 January
579:8 January
524:8 January
481:8 January
443:8 January
405:8 January
345:true Pole
195:Targowica
189:The term
311:See also
92:magnates
83:) was a
304:hanging
288:hanging
255:, 1819.
232:hanging
169:in the
152:Ukraine
122:History
638:
604:
570:
515:
472:
434:
396:
343:"Each
323:Quotes
281:hetman
185:Legacy
112:Second
60:Polish
28:Warsaw
263:Wilno
649:2013
636:ISBN
615:2013
602:ISBN
581:2013
568:ISBN
526:2013
513:ISBN
483:2013
470:ISBN
445:2013
432:ISBN
407:2013
394:ISBN
114:and
68:IPA:
54:The
146:in
665::
562:.
534:^
507:.
491:^
464:.
426:.
388:.
370:^
158:.
150:,
118:.
79::
75:,
66:,
62::
651:.
617:.
583:.
528:.
485:.
447:.
409:.
219:.
58:(
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
