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192:, as he named it. It was an improvement on a patent from 1851 of a freight car for transporting coal. The new invention patented on July 18, 1865, was for the transportation of crude oil and petroleum. It was the first appearance of an oil tank on a railroad flatcar. Three books mention his invention.
595:
and food grade products. Both hazardous and non hazardous products can be shipped in tank containers. A standard tank container is 20 feet (6.10 m) long, 8 feet (2.44 m) high and 8 feet (2.44 m) wide. The tank, which is made from stainless steel, is held within a box-shaped frame with
376:
that are designed to prevent disengaging in event of an accident or derailment. This reduces the chance of couplers puncturing adjacent tank cars. However, if cars are prevented from disengaging in a derailment, the torsional forces of a derailing car can be transferred to other cars, resulting in
354:
are generally made of different types of steel, depending on the intended cargo and operating pressure. They may also be lined with rubber or coated with specialized coatings for tank protection or product purity purpose. The tank heads are also stronger to prevent ruptures during accidents. The
313:
or non-insulated, and designed for single or multiple commodities. Non-pressurized cars have various fittings on the top and may have fittings on the bottom. Some of the top fittings are covered by a protective housing. Pressurized cars have a pressure plate, with all fittings, and a cylindrical
328:, can easily be reloaded with other goods for the return trip. Combinations of the two types were attempted, such as boxcars with fluid tanks slung beneath the floors. While the car could certainly carry a load in both directions, the limited tank size made this unsuccessful.
385:. Cars designed for multiple commodities are constructed of two or more tanks (compartments). Each compartment must have separate fittings. The lower capacity and added complexity of multicompartment cars means that they make up a small percentage of the tank car inventory.
737:
introduced a series of "whale belly" tank cars which offered increased capacity. These cars carried from 33,000 US gallons (125 m; 27,478 imp gal) in CSOX #31084 to as much as 63,000 US gallons (238 m; 52,458 imp gal) in
1208:
660:, and designed to endure extremely high temperatures, as well as keeping the metal in a molten state over extended periods of time. The vessel can be pivoted along its longitudinal axis to empty the pig iron into a
1240:
380:
Insulated cars (which may also incorporate heating or refrigeration systems) are used when the contents must be kept at a certain temperature. For example, the Linde tank car depicted below carries liquefied
539:. This car consisted of several wooden or metal vats (typically three or four) and was often roofed. Pickles which are preserved in salt brine were loaded through hatches in the roof.
707:, had a capacity of 17,100 US gallons (65 m; 14,200 imp gal). The car, in what has been called 'the largest wooden tank car ever built', took 18 months to build.
1215:
746:, was rated at 50,000 US gallons (189 m; 41,634 imp gal). It entered service in 1963 and was used for over 20 years. GATX 96500 is now on display at the
1247:
220:
1915: A classification system is developed by the tank-car industry to ensure the correct match of car type to product being shipped. Some 50,000 tank cars are in use.
321:, or other specialized coatings to isolate the tank contents from the tank shell. Care is taken to ensure that tank contents are compatible with tank construction.
1499:
808:
is preferred as these are less likely to become separated in a derailment and become a puncture hazard for other tank cars. A type "E" coupler that has
331:
A large percentage of tank cars are owned by companies serviced by railroads instead of the railroads themselves. This can be verified by examining the
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1504:
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53:
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Within the rail industry, tank cars are grouped by their type and not by the cargo carried. Food-service tank cars may be lined with
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996:
1514:
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Tank cars are specialized pieces of equipment. As an example, the interior of the car may be lined with a material, such as
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are used in North
America to carry pressurized gases. One of these tank cars exploded in Waverley, TN, killing 16, when a
693:
823:
In addition, some types of tank cars have a second end plate visible from the exterior, to further avoid end punctures.
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are inspected at every loading. Pressurized cars are pressure-tested regularly to ensure the integrity of the tank.
1136:
742:#96500, which had been conceived as a 'rolling experiment'. The largest tank car ever placed into regular service,
214:, with capacities ranging from 6,000 to 10,000 US gal (23–38 m; 5,000–8,300 imp gal).
498:
Milk is now commonly chilled, before loading, and transported in a glass-lined tank car. Such tank cars are often
1750:
466:
121:
2065:
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754:. This car is 98 feet (29.87 m) long, weighs 175,000 lb (79,400 kg) empty and rides on four two-
438:
train derailed. While the clean up efforts were under way, the tank car, UTLX 83013, ended up exploding from a
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1903: Tank-car companies develop construction safety standards. More than 10,000 tank cars are in operation.
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tank wagons were traditionally four-wheel vehicles. Some long-wheelbase four-wheelers are still in use but
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is recessed within the body of the tank so as to present a reduced knock-off hazard during a derailment.
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17:
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1209:"AGENDA - BACKGROUND, TANK CAR COMMITTEE, SUBCOMMITTEE 1, Colorado Springs, CO, October 16-17, 2013"
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As a result of this specialization, tank cars have generally been "one-way" cars. Other cars, like
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in 1968. The car's underframe included all of the modern facets of freight car design including
419:, is built to a US standard. The design has been criticized on safety grounds. The train in the
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protective housing at the top. Loading and unloading are done through the protective housing.
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600:. This allows it to be carried on multiple modes of transport, such as truck, rail and ship.
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in car construction (both underframes and tanks) for the major manufacturers, including
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and cushioning devices built by
FreightMaster, while the tank that rode on it, made of
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1246:. NTSB Office of Railroad, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety. Archived from
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2019:
1964:
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whale-belly type is giving way to higher-capacity (longer), yet standard-width,
2024:
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The
American Railroad Freight Car: From the Wood-Car Era to the Coming of Steel
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1940s: Virtually every tank car is engaged in oil transport in support of the
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1984:
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1126:"Evaluation of Potential Exposures to Railway Hazardous Material Inspectors"
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2014:
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Inside the valve housing on top of a tank car in the United States, with a
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All tank cars operating throughout North
America today feature AAR Type E
2029:
2009:
1938:
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Vinegar is now moved in ordinary tank cars lined with glass, plastic, or
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527:). North American cars are classified as DOT113, AAR204W, and AAR204XT
257:
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or decking mounted on top are employed for the first time to transport
1494:
1265:"Lac-Mégantic : la sécurité du type de wagons déjà mise en cause"
688:
A vinegar car is a specialized type of tank car designed to transport
281:
1999:
1974:
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the coupler that prevent the coupler sliding out of position after a
794:
552:
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196:
195:
1869: Wrought iron tanks, with an approximate capacity of 3,500
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for weight distribution. It transported diverse substances, such as
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All tank cars undergo periodic inspection for damage and corrosion.
1994:
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Tank cars have been involved in many rail disasters, including the
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A tank container, also known as ISO tank, is a specialized type of
492:
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A milk car is a specialized type of tank car designed to carry raw
462:
535:
A pickle car was a specialized type of tank car designed to carry
104:
Modern tank cars carry all types of liquid and gaseous commodities
1979:
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NOAA's Office of
Response and Restoration: Chemical Response Tool
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e-Train, the online magazine of the Train
Collectors Association
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Rows of tank cars at a railyard in the
Midwestern United States
1319:"Week at a glance: Vinegar by rail - in giant wooden tanks".
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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U.S. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1560:
664:. The name is derived from the vessel's resemblance to a
1723:
412:
The DOT-111 tank car, designed to carry liquids such as
210:
1888: Tank-car manufacturers sell units directly to the
164:
The following major events occurred in the years noted:
223:
1930: 140,000 tank cars transport some 103 commodities.
453:
are used in North
America to carry pressurized gases.
680:
Wooden vinegar car, at the
Toronto Railway Museum in
587:designed to carry bulk liquids, such as chemicals,
1549:
397:Pressure tank car for compressed liquified gasses
2057:
1034:Modern British tank wagons, photographed in 2013
1402:"Double Shelf Couplers Tank Cars - Bing images"
1022:Long-wheelbase four-wheel tank wagon in England
728:
301:Many variants exist due to the wide variety of
260:begin to compete for liquid transport business.
188:. Laurence Myers of Philadelphia invented the
1709:
1535:
516:Tank cars of this type are designed to carry
50:The examples and perspective in this article
1428:
505:
388:
335:on the cars. These marks invariably end in
1716:
1702:
1542:
1528:
1257:
692:. The largest such car built was built by
551:Type of shipping containers mounted on a
423:of 2013 was made up of 72 of these cars.
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
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350:, glass, or plastic. Tank cars carrying
305:and gases transported. Tank cars can be
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107:
99:
1191:"Railway Investigation Report R13E0142"
27:Train car for holding liquids and gases
14:
2058:
1124:Beaucham, Catherine C. (August 2023).
267:introduces the "Whale Belly" tank car.
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1523:
1448:
377:the derailment of the adjacent cars.
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1117:
1115:
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36:
1238:
694:Morrison Railway Supply Corporation
24:
630:is a type of railroad car used in
542:
339:, meaning that the owner is not a
25:
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1500:Liquid Hydrogen Transport by Rail
1483:
1112:
748:National Museum of Transportation
603:
1039:
1027:
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948:) near the wagon repair shop of
860:
645:to begin the process of primary
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207:) per car, replace wooden tanks.
41:
1751:British railway milk tank wagon
1394:
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1331:
1312:
1301:
1137:Health Hazard Evaluation Report
987:vehicles are now used as well.
671:
467:British railway milk tank wagon
122:International Union of Railways
1458:Johns Hopkins University Press
1431:"History Of The Rail Tank Car"
1283:
1232:
1201:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
971:, tank cars are also known as
826:It is also preferable if each
530:
13:
1:
1649:List of natural gas pipelines
1644:Black powder in gas pipelines
1422:
1678:Intermodal freight transport
502:as "Food service use only".
456:
7:
1381:"E TYPE COUPLER, - Tedrail"
1327:(17): 11. October 28, 1968.
1057:
716:Toronto Harbourfront Museum
563:open-top shipping container
159:
64:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2082:
1429:Herron, Jim (April 2002).
847:Viareggio train derailment
607:
579:Liquid hydrogen tanktainer
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509:
460:
445:
436:Louisville & Nashville
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243:American Car & Foundry
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29:
1957:
1827:
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1241:"DOT-111 Tank Car Design"
845:in Iran in 2004, and the
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495:, and processing plants.
285:AAR Plate-C loading gauge
1515:Bureau of Transportation
1495:Modern Tank Car Homepage
1106:
956:district of the city of
789:information including a
733:In the early 1960s, the
512:Liquid hydrogen tank car
506:Liquid hydrogen tank car
479:for bulk loading at the
389:Specialized applications
271:
30:Not to be confused with
1819:Wagon with opening roof
932:Tankwagon on a Russian
843:Nishapur train disaster
835:Lac-MĂ©gantic derailment
763:liquefied petroleum gas
481:Illinois Railway Museum
421:Lac-MĂ©gantic derailment
2010:Revenue collection car
1179:The Petroleum Handbook
1168:The Petroleum Industry
1047:Consett tank wagon #41
964:
937:
925:
810:shelves over and under
797:
735:Union Tank Car Company
685:
619:
570:
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398:
367:Pressure relief valves
298:
286:
265:Union Tank Car Company
186:Pennsylvanian oil rush
140:designed to transport
136:(UIC: railway car) or
113:
105:
32:Armored car (military)
2066:Freight rolling stock
1958:Non-revenue equipment
1845:Class U special wagon
1727:freight rolling stock
1654:List of LNG terminals
1589:List of oil pipelines
943:
931:
895:
853:Outside North America
780:
752:Saint Louis, Missouri
679:
656:vessel is mounted on
617:
596:the same shape as an
573:Further information:
550:
474:
396:
374:double shelf couplers
292:
284:
111:
103:
1944:Specialized flatcars
1157:Fuel Oil in Industry
806:AAR type "F" coupler
781:A tank car carrying
765:(LPG) and anhydrous
712:Reinhart Vinegar Car
598:intermodal container
309:or non-pressurized,
295:magnetic level gauge
70:create a new article
62:improve this article
1835:Bogie bolster wagon
1771:Covered goods wagon
1639:Natural gas storage
1505:Tank car dimensions
1197:. 26 February 2015.
1008:Nene Valley Railway
991:British tank wagons
818:hazardous materials
787:hazardous materials
714:can be seen at the
654:thermally-insulated
180:from the fields of
2040:Track geometry car
1733:Enclosed equipment
1673:Industrial railway
1510:Guide to Rail Cars
1450:White, John H. Jr.
1295:2008-12-20 at the
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944:A tank wagon (for
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926:
872:. You can help by
849:in Italy in 2009.
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729:"Whale belly" cars
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610:Ladle transfer car
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2005:Rail adhesion car
1970:Ballast regulator
1949:Transporter wagon
1929:Rotary car dumper
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1239:Stancil, Paul L.
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451:DOT-114 tank cars
432:DOT-112 tank cars
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72:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1855:Double-stack car
1798:Refrigerated van
1792:Refrigerator car
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2020:Rotary snowplow
1965:Ballast cleaner
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1883:Kangourou wagon
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604:Torpedo wagons
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558:Tank container
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190:Rotary Oil Car
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56:of the subject
54:worldwide view
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1339:"CSOX #31084"
1334:
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1267:(in French).
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1221:on 2015-11-17
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977:tanker wagons
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963:
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896:Narrow gauge
894:
884:
881:November 2021
875:
871:
868:This section
866:
863:
859:
858:
850:
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841:in 2013, the
840:
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569:cover (right)
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477:milk tank car
475:A historical
473:
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277:North America
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212:oil companies
209:
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203:; 2,900
202:
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174:wooden planks
171:
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139:
138:rolling stock
135:
132:is a type of
131:
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92:
89:
81:
78:February 2018
71:
67:
63:
57:
55:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2015:Power shovel
1934:Schnabel car
1914:Pocket wagon
1813:
1756:Cattle wagon
1624:Liquefaction
1578:
1574:Oil terminal
1453:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1409:. Retrieved
1406:www.bing.com
1405:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:Radio-Canada
1259:
1248:the original
1234:
1223:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1203:
1194:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1152:
1141:. Retrieved
1132:
1100:Vacuum flask
976:
972:
966:
878:
874:adding to it
869:
832:
825:
822:
802:AAR couplers
799:
732:
720:
709:
687:
672:Vinegar cars
651:
627:
623:
621:
582:
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534:
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430:
417:fuel ethanol
411:
379:
371:
364:
345:
336:
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205:imp gal
189:
182:Pennsylvania
172:with banded
163:
134:railroad car
129:
125:
117:
115:
84:
75:
51:
2045:Work trains
2030:Stoneblower
1939:Slate wagon
1611:LNG carrier
1552:hydrocarbon
1490:Rail Whales
1440:January 21,
1321:Railway Age
1308:Vinegar car
973:tank wagons
967:Outside of
903:750 mm
828:tap (valve)
820:tank cars.
744:UTLX #83699
723:alloy steel
705:Douglas fir
647:steelmaking
632:steel mills
624:torpedo car
618:Torpedo car
531:Pickle cars
307:pressurized
258:tank trucks
233:1945–1950:
197:US gal
184:during the
149:commodities
1919:Quarry tub
1908:Open wagon
1878:Hopper car
1866:Flat wagon
1804:RoadRailer
1584:Tank truck
1569:Oil tanker
1423:References
1225:2015-04-28
1143:2024-05-04
1090:Tank truck
1075:Draft gear
934:fire train
898:tank wagon
814:derailment
793:showing a
628:bottle car
493:creameries
297:pulled out
263:1963: The
228:war effort
126:tank wagon
18:Tank wagon
2000:Excavator
1975:Brake van
1809:Stock car
1195:tsb.gc.ca
1010:, England
979:. In the
795:UN number
658:trunnions
641:from the
585:container
553:spine car
518:cryogenic
500:placarded
457:Milk cars
414:denatured
360:Plate "C"
311:insulated
254:Pipelines
237:replaces
199:(13
178:crude oil
66:talk page
2060:Category
1995:Crew car
1924:Rollbock
1903:Modalohr
1893:Minecart
1814:Tank car
1787:Milk car
1761:Coil car
1740:Autorack
1579:Tank car
1476:26130632
1452:(1993).
1411:July 23,
1386:July 23,
1365:July 23,
1344:July 23,
1293:Archived
1058:See also
954:Viinikka
922: in
783:chlorine
639:pig iron
634:to haul
463:Milk car
362:, cars.
239:riveting
170:Flatcars
160:Timeline
118:tank car
60:You may
1980:Caboose
1872:Gondola
1860:Flatcar
1850:Conflat
1275:July 8,
1049:in the
1002:An old
962:Finland
958:Tampere
952:in the
924:) gauge
917:⁄
767:ammonia
690:vinegar
666:torpedo
537:pickles
446:DOT-114
427:DOT-112
402:DOT-111
326:boxcars
303:liquids
235:Welding
155:History
146:gaseous
124:(UIC):
1888:Lowmac
1745:Boxcar
1683:Syngas
1666:/misc.
1474:
1464:
1085:Procor
839:Quebec
800:Where
773:Safety
759:trucks
701:trucks
636:molten
567:canvas
252:1950:
168:1865:
142:liquid
130:tanker
1990:Crane
1554:fuels
1251:(PDF)
1244:(PDF)
1219:(PDF)
1212:(PDF)
1129:(PDF)
1107:Notes
1065:BLEVE
985:bogie
662:ladle
593:gases
565:with
440:BLEVE
383:argon
319:glass
272:Usage
128:) or
68:, or
1910:(EU)
1874:(US)
1868:(EU)
1862:(US)
1800:(EU)
1794:(US)
1773:(EU)
1747:(US)
1664:Coal
1601:and
1472:OCLC
1462:ISBN
1442:2012
1413:2019
1388:2019
1367:2019
1346:2019
1277:2013
1004:Esso
756:axle
740:GATX
710:The
652:The
577:and
489:milk
465:and
256:and
245:and
144:and
1603:LPG
1599:LNG
1561:Oil
1325:165
975:or
876:.
837:in
750:in
626:or
523:(LH
357:AAR
2062::
1470:.
1460:.
1433:.
1404:.
1323:.
1193:.
1131:.
1114:^
960:,
950:VR
900:,
769:.
725:.
718:.
668:.
649:.
622:A
591:,
555::
442:.
343:.
151:.
116:A
1717:e
1710:t
1703:v
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1478:.
1444:.
1415:.
1390:.
1369:.
1348:.
1279:.
1228:.
1146:.
1139:)
1135:(
936:.
919:2
915:1
912:+
910:5
906:(
883:)
879:(
684:.
525:2
483:.
337:X
249:.
230:.
201:m
120:(
91:)
85:(
80:)
76:(
58:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
