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476:(PNI), which supported the squatters, subsequently pressured the PNI leadership council to withdraw its support of the cabinet lest they would secede from the party. On 2 June, the cabinet decided to dissolve itself, being replaced by a
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from the surrounding areas. By early 1953, there were an estimated 62,000 families squatting on the tobacco estates. Meanwhile, the foreign owners of these plantations still retained their legal claims to them. Following the
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with the squatters. The negotiations failed to produce a solution and the government opted to remove the peasants by force. On 16 March 1953, police officers plowed up the land with
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448:, however, a new cabinet, led by Wilopo, took office in 1952. Subsequently, the new cabinet attempted to enforce the agreement and conducted
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sought to return these plantations to their foreign owners, both to abide by the KMB agreement and to attract
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to force the squatters to leave, resulting in a clash that killed five peasants and injured around 20 more.
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130,000 of the 255,000 hectares of land owned by the DPV. In exchange, the DPV would receive a new 30-year
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with the Deli
Planters Association (DPV), a large union of tobacco planters. The government would
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emerged as a major producer of tobacco, with large plantation estates forming soon after the
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the peasants which squatted in the leased land elsewhere. Before the agreement was
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605:[History of the Tanjung Morawa Affair in the Liberal Democracy Era].
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552:[The Tanjung Morawa Tragedy Begins the Fall of the Wilopo Cabinet].
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Paths to
Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia
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324:
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579:[Tanjung Morawa Affair: Background, Figures, and Aftermath].
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230:
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96:
92:
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328:
375:, the land on which these plantations sat on were taken over by
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Outrage over the incident led to the establishment of several
577:"Peristiwa Tanjung Morawa: Latar Belakang, Tokoh, dan Dampak"
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of the remaining 125,000 hectares. The government would then
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356:
303:'Tanjung Morawa event') was a clash between peasant
603:"Sejarah Peristiwa Tanjung Morawa di Era Demokrasi Liberal"
499:
550:"Tragedi Tanjung Morawa Awal Kejatuhan Kabinet Wilopo"
531:
529:
516:
514:
663:
The
Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia
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526:
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575:Adryamarthanino, Verelladevanka (6 January 2022).
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472:and particular parties. The local branch of the
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680:
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37:
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394:Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference
327:owners, resulted in the deaths of five
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84:between peasant squatters and foreign
749:Liberal democracy period in Indonesia
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639:
535:
520:
319:. The incident, which stemmed from a
31:liberal democracy period in Indonesia
681:Cribb, R. B.; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
396:(KMB) in 1949, which recognized the
331:and the downfall of Prime Minister
311:which occurred on 16 March 1953 in
13:
701:
684:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
627:
548:Wirayudha, Randy (16 March 2015).
323:between the squatters and foreign
14:
765:
229:
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708:. Cambridge University Press.
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568:
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128:issued against Prime Minister
1:
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342:
273:
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210:Prime Minister of Indonesia
10:
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248:Non-centralized leadership
172:Indonesian National Police
474:Indonesian National Party
383:squatters, mostly former
373:struggle for independence
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261:
256:
240:Governor of North Sumatra
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146:
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114:Establishment of several
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51:
36:
28:
23:
426:Minister of Home Affairs
367:were lifted. During the
294:Peristiwa Tanjung Morawa
225:Minister of Home Affairs
43:A tobacco plantation in
161:Government of Indonesia
126:Motion of no confidence
101:government of Indonesia
16:1953 clash in Indonesia
666:. Equinox Publishing.
506:Cribb & Kahin 2004
480:led by Prime Minister
293:
122:and particular parties
466:committees of inquiry
422:Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo
406:Indonesian government
286:Tanjung Morawa affair
24:Tanjung Morawa affair
554:nasional.okezone.com
687:. Scarecrow Press.
369:Japanese occupation
361:government controls
355:around the city of
702:Vu, Tuong (2010).
482:Ali Sastroamidjojo
410:foreign investment
365:Cultivation System
116:inquiry committees
734:1953 in Indonesia
715:978-110-761-810-7
694:978-0-8108-4935-8
673:978-979-3780-45-0
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180:Peasant squatters
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607:cnnindonesia.com
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658:Feith, Herbert
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632:
630:, p. 173.
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523:, p. 293.
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385:estate workers
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313:Tanjung Morawa
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65:Tanjung Morawa
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744:Land disputes
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381:local Chinese
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349:colonial rule
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317:North Sumatra
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69:North Sumatra
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55:16 March 1953
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45:North Sumatra
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611:. Retrieved
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585:. Retrieved
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558:. Retrieved
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450:negotiations
419:
353:lowland area
346:
321:land dispute
285:
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247:
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190:Lead figures
152:
82:Land dispute
29:Part of the
18:
739:1953 deaths
613:17 December
587:17 December
560:17 December
478:new cabinet
446:implemented
434:nationalize
398:sovereignty
337:his cabinet
236:Abdul Hakim
134:his cabinet
109:Resulted in
95:of peasant
728:Categories
640:Feith 2006
581:kompas.com
536:Feith 2006
521:Feith 2006
488:References
470:parliament
468:, both by
430:compromise
416:The affair
377:indigenous
343:Background
325:plantation
290:Indonesian
257:Casualties
120:parliament
91:Attempted
86:plantation
754:Squatting
493:Citations
460:Reactions
420:In 1951,
402:Indonesia
389:Villagers
305:squatters
277: 20
97:squatters
76:Caused by
660:(2006).
454:tractors
442:resettle
329:peasants
307:and the
270:Injuries
262:Death(s)
118:both by
93:eviction
60:Location
650:Sources
628:Vu 2010
363:of the
301:
142:Parties
99:by the
712:
691:
670:
424:, the
404:, the
351:, the
347:Under
333:Wilopo
309:police
206:Wilopo
130:Wilopo
88:owners
438:lease
357:Medan
710:ISBN
689:ISBN
668:ISBN
615:2022
589:2022
562:2022
387:and
379:and
335:and
299:lit.
284:The
132:and
52:Date
400:of
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528:^
513:^
484:.
412:.
339:.
315:,
296:,
292::
274:c.
67:,
718:.
697:.
676:.
617:.
591:.
564:.
288:(
265:5
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