773:
886:
907:
Eastern Turkic
Khaganate to prevent Illig Qaghan from harming the people. I did not covet his land or want to seize his livestock and people, and I long wanted to consider selecting a new khan for them. That is why I settled their people south of the Yellow River to let them graze. Since I agreed to select a khan for them, I should not turn back on my own words. After the fall, I will send the Turkic Khaganate north of the Yellow River to their old territory to rebuild themselves. The khan of Xueyantuo was created first, and the khan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate is created second; the khan created first is greater than the khan created second. You will live north of the Gobi, and he will live south of the Gobi. You should both defend your own territory and comfort your own people. If you exceed your boundaries and attack each other, I will send troops to punish you both.
677:
593:
3596:
2271:
535:(founder of the Tang), Xue Ju (Emperor of Qin), Liang Shidu (Emperor of Liang), Liu Wuzhou (Dingyang Khan), Gao Kaidao (Prince of Yan), Dou Jiande (Prince of Xia), and Liu Heita (Prince of Handong). The Tang won hegemony in 623 following the death of Liu Heita. Following the Tang victory, the Khaganate began asserting control over Tang territory through routine raids even though Gaozu remained an ally and tributary. Furthermore, the Khaganate continued to support Liang Shidu (the last competing Chinese claimant to Tang), and harbour Prince
960:(李襲譽). The Xueyantuo suffered a major defeat and heavy casualties in the new year of 642 and retreated. A Tang emissary was sent to rebuke Yi'nan but no further action was taken against the Xueyantuo. The Xueyantuo continued to harass the Khaganate, while attempting to maintain peaceful relations with the Tang; at one point Yi'nan was engaged to Taizong's daughter Princess Xinxing, but Taizong regretted the arrangement and cancelled the marriage in 643 on the pretense that Yi'nan's
1008:
Sabolo (阿史那沙鉢羅) to the Tang to offer tribute, and also offered to personally visit
Taizong - in fact, Ashina Hubo had no intention of doing so, as was discovered by Tang General Guo Guangjing (郭廣敬) who was sent to escort him. In In spring 649, Taizong sent an army of Uyghurs and Pugu (僕骨) troops, led by General Gao Kan (高侃), against Ashina Hubo. Taizong died in summer 649. Gao Kan returned to Chang'an in fall 650 having defeated and captured Ashina Hubo. Taizong successor,
25:
131:
898:, the Prince of Jin, to leave. However, Li Zhi did not leave early because of strong winds, so Ashina Jiesheshuai attacked the gate rather than risk discovery after dawn. Imperial guard commander Sun Wukai (孫武開) led a resolute defence; after killing tens of guardsmen, Ashina Jiesheshuai fled northward on guard horses. The conspirators were captured; Ashina Hexian'gu was exiled and the remainder were executed.
969:
them into slaves and reward them to the
Chinese people, but instead the emperor raised them like his own sons and showed much grace to them. Despite this, Ashina Jiesheshuai rebelled. They look like humans, but have hearts like beasts, and should not be treated as humans. I have received much grace from the emperor, and I have nothing to repay him for. I am willing to kill the Turks for China.
912:
princes to assist Ashina Simo — although, perhaps foreshadowing what would eventually happen, Ashina Zhong was said to miss life in Chang'an so much that he begged all imperial emissaries sent to the
Khaganate to intercede to allow him to return to Chang'an, a request that Taizong eventually approved. In spring 640, Taizong established a general post near the Khaganate to help defend it.
1007:
had refused to submit to the
Xueyantuo and instead had settled north of the Xueyantuo. By the end of the Xueyantuo Kaganate, Ashina Hubo claimed the title of Yizhuchebi Khan (or Chebi Khan in short) and sought to reestablish the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. In winter 647, Ashina Hubo sent his son Ashina
911:
Yi'nan was unhappy with the
Eastern Turkic Khaganate's reestablishment but signalled compliance. The Eastern Turks remained willing to follow Ashina Simo north, and the Khaganate was reestablished as a Tang vassal. Taizong also made Ashina Zhong (阿史那忠, Ashina Sunishi's son) and Ashina Nishou (阿史那泥熟)
906:
After Jiali Khan was defeated, his tribes all surrendered to me. I forgave their errors and approved of their turning to goodness, treating their officials as my old subordinates and their people as my people. China values respect and righteousness and does not seek to destroy others. I defeated the
968:
How do I not dare to follow the emperor's edict? But the Turkic
Khaganate's people are treacherous and should not be trusted. Before the destruction of their state, they invaded China each year and continued to kill thousands of people. I thought that, after the emperor defeated them, he would make
915:
In spring 641, Ashina Simo's people finally crossed the Yellow River, and he established his headquarters at
Dingxiang. He was said to have 30,000 households, 40,000 troops, and 90,000 warhorses. Ashina Simo requested, and received, permission from Taizong to withdraw south of the Great Wall should
901:
The assassination attempt provoked a change to the policy of Turkic resettlement. On 13 August 639, Taizong ordered the resettlement of
Eastern Turks and Xiongnu north of the Yellow River between the Great Wall and the Gobi Desert. Ashina Simo was created as the Yiminishuqilibi Khan (or Qilibi Khan
977:
and may not have been able to respond to an
Xueyantuo attack. The Eastern Turks resettled south of the Yellow River in the Sheng (勝州, also in modern Hohhot, but south of the Yellow River) and Xiazhou (夏州, roughly modern Yulin) Prefectures. Taizong endorsed the migration over the opposition of his
894:
accusation and refused to promote him. Ashina Jiesheshuai formed a conspiracy with 40-some of his former subordinates and Ashina Hexian'gu (阿史那賀暹鶻), Ashina Shibobi's to kill Taizong. On 19 May 639, they hid outside Taizong's palace, intending to charge inside at dawn when the gates opened to allow
893:
In 639, Ashina Jiesheshuai, Ashina Shibobi's brother, attempted to assassinate Taizong. Ashina Jiesheshuai was said to live immorally and corruptly; he resented being rebuked by Ashina Shibobi, and in turn falsely accused Ashina Shibobi of treason. Taizong disliked Ashina Jiesheshuai for the false
864:
Meanwhile, Xueyantuo largely inherited the Khaganate's former territory and vassals, creating the Xueyantuo Kaganate. Yi'nan remained nominally submissive to Tang, remaining formally respectful to Taizong, while at the same time trying to affirm Xueyantuo's control over the region. The Khaganate's
604:
Relations between the Tang and the Eastern Turkic Khaganate were relatively peaceful in the following years. During that time, the Tang received reports claiming misgovernance and internal dissent within the Khaganate. Khaganate government functions were entrusted to Zhao Deyan (趙德言), from China,
624:, vassals of the Khaganate, were growing in strength and becoming difficult to contain. Illig Qaghan's relationship with Ashina Shibobi was deteriorating. Ashina Shibobi was in charge of the eastern Khaganate and was blamed for the gradual independence of the
721:), and approached the Khaganate court. Li Jing sent spies into Illig Qaghan's camp, who convinced several of Illig Qaghan's close associated - including Kangsumi (康蘇密), Sui Empress Xiao and Yang Zhengdao - to surrender. Illig Qaghan withdrew to the
636:, and Taizong agreed to support Ashina Shibobi, using the opportunity to attack Liang Shidu while Illig Qaghan was occupied. In 628, the rival Liang claim was neutralized. Liang Shidu was assassinated by his cousin Liang Luoren (梁洛仁) while
923:
by Taizong and the Tang army presented an opportunity to quickly destroy the Khaganate. An Xueyantuo army was deployed to attack Khaganate; it was led by Dadu (大度), Yi'nan's son, and also included troops conscripted from the vassal
667:
Another source says that Illig Qaghan's problems were caused by two unusually cold winters that led to mass livestock deaths and famine. Illig Qaghan responded by raising taxes rather than lowering them which provoked opposition.
712:
commanded the other columns. Bauer describes this as six separate cavalry formations along a 1200 km front. In spring 630, the Tang surprised the Khaganate, captured the Wuyang Range outside the Dingxiang (定襄, in modern
772:
628:
and Xi tribes. Furthermore, Ashina Shibobi campaign against the Xueyantuo and Uyghurs was a failure and was arrested by Illig Qaghan for a few days. Upon release, Ashina Shibobi rebelled and fought Illig Qaghan in 628.
844:
Wen Yanbo's proposal was accepted. Two commandants overseeing ten new nominal prefectures (four for Ashina Shibobi's people, and six for Illig Qaghan's people) were created. Ashina Sunishi was made a prince.
1118:
531:
late in Yang's reign, the Khaganate supported various claimants to the imperial title to promote conflict and make them subservient to the Khaganate. Among those benefiting from Khaganate support were
1129:
885:
317:
609:
over Eastern Turks, leading to rebellions and their suppression. By 627, Taizong considered attacking the Khaganate. Chancellor Xiao Yu supported attacking. Taizong was convinced not to by
902:
for short) to govern them. The Eastern Turks feared the Xueyantuo and initially refused; Taizong responded by issuing an edict to Yi'nan, delivered by official Guo Siben (郭嗣本), stating:
576:- and became Emperor Taizong by forcing Gaozu to name him crown prince and then to abdicate. Less than a month after Taizong took the throne, a Khaganate raid - led by Illig Qaghan and
310:
973:
Around the new year 645, the Khaganate collapsed; apparently its population was pressured by the Xueyantuo to abandon Ashina Simo. At this time, the Tang were preparing to
857:
slaves from Turkic owners. Thereafter, Turkic cavalry were often requisitioned to supplement regular Tang troops on various campaigns, such as the 634 campaign against
580:- began that eventually reached Chang'an. The Eastern Turks withdrew after Taizong personally made tribute - with promises of further tribute - outside the city at the
496:. The new Khaganate was intended to be a buffer against the Xueyantuo. Qilibi Khan's reign collapsed around new year 645 from internal dissent and Xueyantuo pressure.
385:
303:
42:
853:(and is also known as Li Simo.) A large number of other chieftains were given general ranks. The new nobility were settled in or near Chang'an. Taizong ransomed
2300:
823:
Dou Jing (竇靜) proposed scattering chieftains and their people, and imperial clan daughters be given to chieftains as wives to better control them as vassals.
480:
Initially, the Tang attempted to settle the Eastern Turks within its borders, and left the territory north of the empire to the Xueyantuo. This changed when
569:. Li Shimin, the Prince of Qin and future Emperor Taizong, convinced Gaozu to abandon the proposal by promising to - eventually - defeat the Eastern Turks.
748:(張寶相) and delivered to Chang'an. Turkic nobles largely surrendered to the Tang. The population surrendered to the Tang or Xueyantuo, or fled west to the
89:
3764:
61:
2645:
964:(with livestock) was not paid for on time. More Tang emissaries were sent to order the Xueyantuo to stop attacking the Khaganate, to which Yi'nan:
745:
3953:
2156:
1961:
1473:
1026:
987:
424:
3943:
1466:
953:
68:
2383:
2113:
701:
380:
242:
2312:
1787:
697:
234:
2418:
2570:
978:
officials. Ashina Simo was made a general upon returning to China. The Tang made no further attempts to create an Eastern Turkic vassal.
75:
3288:
2223:
820:
proposed scattered settlement north of the Yellow River, with a khan for each tribe, all answering to a protector general at Dingxiang.
660:; Yi'nan accepted the title and an alliance with the Tang. Illig Qaghan attempted to counterbalance the alliance with by requesting a
3595:
2666:
957:
469:(r. 626–649). The Tang waited several years to prepare for war by appeasing the Khaganate. The Tang also formed an alliance with the
57:
3938:
3665:
3651:
3375:
2494:
2489:
2181:
1966:
1036:
407:
1978:
3675:
2499:
2472:
1279:
2590:
2186:
3631:
1094:
996:
Bazhuo, Yi'nan's son and successor, was hostile to the Tang. The Xueyantuo Kaganate was destroyed in 646 by the Tang and the
3463:
2446:
2431:
2346:
2290:
1252:
1242:
3857:
3626:
2270:
1012:, released Ashina Hubo and made him a general. For a time, this ended attempts to rebuild the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
2451:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
736:'s vanguard combined and attacked Illig Qaghan's tent. Illig Qaghan fled to subordinate khan Ashina Sunishi (阿史那蘇尼失);
572:
In 626, Li Shimin eliminated his rivals to the throne - Li Jiancheng and supporter Li Yuanji were murdered during the
2106:
936:(霫). An anticipated, Ashina Simo was forced to withdraw behind the Great Wall to Shuo Prefecture (朔州, roughly modern
108:
82:
3963:
2441:
791:
Taizong sought options for the disposition of the Khaganate's population. Reportedly, the majority opinion was for
2336:
676:
2248:
2196:
2191:
1896:
605:
whose corruption and complicated regulations alienated the population. Furthermore, Illig Qaghan favoured ethnic
395:
390:
2356:
2307:
563:
46:
834:
proposed settlement on vacant lands in the northern prefectures within Tang borders, remaining in tribal form.
729:(唐儉); Illig Qaghan offered to submit while at the same time considering withdrawing north of the Gobi Desert.
592:
3269:
3049:
2509:
2206:
1971:
1924:
613:, his brother-in-law, who argued that there was no good reason to as the Khaganate had not broken the peace.
473:, Khaganate's vassals seeking independence. The Tang offensive launched in the winter of 629, led by General
412:
3188:
484:, of the Eastern Turkic royal house, attempted to assassinate Taizong. The Eastern Turkic Khaganate, led by
2595:
2132:
2099:
295:
3257:
2736:
2391:
2228:
2201:
2141:
1272:
1021:
528:
400:
348:
2948:
944:) and seek emergency aid. The Tang responded with an army led by General Li Shiji, assisted by Generals
3789:
3756:
3718:
3643:
2828:
2467:
2371:
2366:
1876:
1556:
1041:
1031:
786:
540:
429:
1705:
3821:
3774:
3731:
3613:
2577:
945:
780:
3836:
3826:
3779:
3769:
3736:
3660:
3546:
3519:
3514:
3456:
3336:
3009:
2549:
2176:
2070:
1491:
1395:
831:
749:
455:
210:
3933:
3524:
2979:
2798:
2407:
1934:
1619:
1009:
895:
692:(張公謹). Li Jing had overall command of the army, and directly commanded the main column. Generals
573:
508:
500:
466:
336:
332:
35:
3509:
3415:
2477:
2341:
2327:
1951:
1939:
1929:
1296:
1265:
685:
474:
358:
226:
3831:
3797:
3741:
2959:
2723:
2622:
2617:
2426:
2161:
1946:
1919:
1886:
1871:
974:
566:
532:
419:
2985:
543:
of Sui. The Turkic raids were so serious that Gaozu considered moving the Tang capital from
3863:
3726:
3670:
2484:
2260:
2146:
1067:
370:
8:
3621:
3556:
3449:
3274:
3232:
2612:
2584:
2218:
2166:
1861:
1851:
1659:
524:
434:
1881:
652:(柴紹); Liang Luoren then surrendered. Around the same time, the Xueyantuo were united by
3948:
3394:
2702:
2607:
2243:
2238:
2171:
1521:
1438:
880:
481:
187:
3896:
3165:
3153:
3027:
2687:
2504:
2436:
2253:
1891:
1856:
1794:
1664:
1090:
3802:
3571:
3541:
3499:
3221:
3123:
2653:
2563:
2533:
2285:
2233:
1983:
1644:
1531:
1526:
1452:
1247:
1237:
737:
1649:
740:
of Sui, his wife, was killed. Illig Qaghan was soon captured by the Tang generals
499:
The Tang made no further attempts to create an Eastern Turkic vassal. The hostile
3892:
3885:
3875:
3585:
3425:
3420:
2557:
2213:
1803:
1748:
1712:
1634:
1629:
1084:
877:(霫) tribes directly submitted to the Tang, as did the city kingdom of Yiwu (伊吾).
858:
781:
Initial attempt to settle Eastern Turkic Khaganate's people within the Tang state
504:
363:
353:
259:
732:
Li Jing and Li Shiji believed that Illig Qaghan was stalling for time; they and
3604:
3580:
3531:
3481:
3368:
3262:
3196:
3135:
2792:
2762:
2756:
2396:
1782:
1777:
1677:
1511:
1480:
1459:
1361:
1338:
1146:
718:
641:
577:
3927:
3912:
3746:
3698:
3566:
3561:
3504:
3348:
3317:
3303:
3296:
3171:
3129:
3087:
2816:
2774:
2004:
1866:
1772:
1723:
1654:
1549:
1541:
1445:
1415:
1328:
1288:
866:
722:
689:
633:
625:
610:
536:
488:, was reestablished as a Tang vassal by resettling Eastern Turks between the
3441:
3202:
664:. Taizong ignored the request, instead making preparation for an offensive.
3958:
3902:
3868:
3703:
3685:
3213:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2786:
2716:
2710:
2680:
2401:
2122:
2075:
1743:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1536:
1420:
1377:
1348:
1343:
1323:
1318:
1313:
925:
850:
811:
792:
657:
653:
597:
555:
552:
462:
451:
328:
325:
255:
222:
205:
176:
1587:
929:
3693:
3430:
3329:
3311:
3240:
3111:
3093:
2942:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2780:
2768:
2744:
2543:
2361:
2317:
2295:
1809:
1758:
1753:
1728:
1639:
1574:
1569:
1506:
1425:
1405:
1307:
961:
854:
846:
827:
Two key opinions, given by two chancellors, emerged from the discussion:
803:. However, several officials are recorded as holding different opinions:
795:
by scattered resettlement in the Tang prefectures of what are now modern
733:
544:
520:
493:
485:
250:
164:
160:
3907:
3809:
3708:
3472:
3389:
3356:
3117:
3099:
2997:
2846:
2750:
2600:
1901:
1669:
1580:
1564:
1430:
1410:
1368:
1004:
1003:
After the fall of the first Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Khaganate prince
993:
949:
741:
705:
656:. Taizong sent General Qiao Shiwang (喬師望) to offer Yi'nan the title of
489:
477:; the Khaganate was destroyed following Illig Qaghan's capture in 630.
246:
2091:
3003:
2967:
2936:
2882:
1691:
1684:
920:
837:
817:
807:
726:
709:
649:
617:
581:
559:
470:
238:
1354:
881:
Brief attempt to recreate Eastern Turkic Khaganate under Ashina Simo
24:
3159:
3105:
3075:
3021:
2973:
2906:
2870:
2864:
2834:
2351:
2019:
1846:
1826:
1698:
937:
928:
tribes of the Bayegu (拔也古), Tongluo (同羅), Pugu (僕骨), Uyghurs (回纥),
796:
693:
637:
230:
840:
proposed settlement outside of Tang boundaries on their own lands.
3880:
3551:
3494:
3489:
3410:
3383:
3362:
3069:
3063:
3015:
2991:
2810:
2674:
2638:
2322:
2054:
2044:
1226:
1214:
933:
874:
870:
761:
645:
606:
130:
3177:
523:- the Tang's predecessor - but had rebelled during the reign of
3226:
3141:
3057:
2858:
2852:
2804:
2659:
2538:
2080:
2039:
2014:
1999:
1836:
1516:
1384:
941:
916:
the fledgling Khaganate be attacked by the stronger Xueyantuo.
714:
648:), the Liang capital, was besieged by Taizong's brother-in-law
156:
3814:
3147:
3081:
2912:
2894:
2840:
2822:
2695:
2049:
2029:
2024:
2009:
1841:
1831:
1501:
1333:
997:
992:
Yi'nan remained formally submissive to Tang and died in 645.
800:
757:
753:
661:
621:
548:
16:
Conquest of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate by the Tang dynasty
3536:
1257:
587:
919:
In winter 641, Yi'nan believed that the ritual journey to
2034:
1083:
Haywood, John; Jotischky, Andrew; McGlynn, Sean (1998).
1065:
1082:
3323:
The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities
981:
849:
was made a prince and given the Tang imperial surname
725:, where he entered negotiations with Taizong's envoy,
1086:
Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600-1492
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
448:Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks of 629-630
135:Tang's campaign against Eastern Turks in 629 - 630
519:The Eastern Turkic Khaganate was a vassal of the
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2646:Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction
1109:Bauer, History of Central Asia, volume 2, p191
671:
3471:
3457:
2107:
1273:
1059:
311:
1027:Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo
988:Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo
465:, threatened the Tang early in the reign of
2571:Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy
450:was an armed conflict that resulted in the
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3450:
2114:
2100:
1280:
1266:
318:
304:
129:
2667:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
684:The Tang attack was commanded by General
507:during the reign of Taizong's successor,
290:at least 10,000 dead; 100,000 surrendered
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
58:"Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks"
3376:Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
2495:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
2490:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
1037:Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
884:
771:
767:
675:
591:
588:Détente early in Emperor Taizong's reign
2500:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
2473:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
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124:Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks
3954:History of the Chinese in Central Asia
3926:
1231:Outlines of the History of the Chinese
1069:The Chinese: their history and culture
3445:
2095:
1261:
299:
1089:. Barnes & Noble. p. 3.20.
183:Fall of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3858:The Cambridge History of Inner Asia
3627:Protectorate of the Western Regions
982:Later campaign against Ashina Tuobo
13:
1233:(中國人史綱), vol. 2, pp. 509–512.
814:, remaining in tribes, as vassals.
14:
3975:
1066:Kenneth Scott Latourette (1934).
810:proposed settlement north of the
3944:Military history of the Göktürks
3594:
2269:
752:and the nearby kingdoms such as
632:Taizong and Ashina Shibobi were
23:
3939:Wars involving the Tang dynasty
1897:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription
34:needs additional citations for
1123:
1112:
1103:
1076:
688:, who was assisted by General
458:and annexing its territories.
1:
3270:Islam during the Tang dynasty
2510:Gyerim Territory Area Command
1920:Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara
1047:
514:
2596:Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum
1287:
1052:
551:. The move was supported by
547:to what is now southwestern
7:
2392:Department of State Affairs
2142:Transition from Sui to Tang
1967:Tang Western Turk campaigns
1022:Transition from Sui to Tang
1015:
672:Defeat of the Eastern Turks
10:
3980:
3727:against Northwest khanates
2468:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
1957:Tang Eastern Turk campaign
1877:Turks in the Tang military
1557:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
1138:
1042:Turks in the Tang military
1032:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
985:
787:Turks in the Tang military
784:
3849:
3788:
3755:
3717:
3684:
3642:
3612:
3603:
3592:
3480:
3403:
3287:
3250:
3212:
3187:
3048:
3041:
2958:
2735:
2631:
2526:
2460:
2417:
2382:
2278:
2267:
2130:
2063:
1992:
1910:
1819:
1722:
1618:
1490:
1394:
1295:
1072:. Macmillan. p. 192.
527:(r. 604–618). During the
344:
331:expansion under emperors
281:
268:
256:Jieli Khan (Ashina Duobi)
216:
199:
139:
128:
123:
3520:Western Turkic Khaganate
3515:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
3337:Ten Computational Canons
2550:Three Hundred Tang Poems
2313:Administrative divisions
1492:Western Turkic Khaganate
1396:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
750:Western Turkic Khaganate
562:(Prince of Qi), and the
456:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
211:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
3964:Emperor Taizong of Tang
3525:Second Turkic Khaganate
2408:Secretariat-Chancellery
2229:Niu–Li factional strife
1620:Second Turkic Khaganate
1223:, vols. 44, 45, 46, 47.
574:incident at Xuanwu Gate
501:Second Turkic Khaganate
3510:First Turkic Khaganate
3289:Science and technology
2578:Huaisu's Autobiography
2478:Four Garrisons of Anxi
2244:Tang-Nanzhao conflicts
2182:Tang–Western Turks War
2152:Tang–Eastern Turks War
1297:First Turkic Khaganate
971:
909:
890:
865:former vassals of the
777:
681:
680:Mural of Tang soldiers
616:At the same time, the
601:
596:Official and soldier,
461:The Khaganate, led by
217:Commanders and leaders
3652:against Western Turks
2724:Green Satchel Classic
2623:Thousand-Buddha Cliff
2618:Rongxian Giant Buddha
2591:Kashyapa & Ananda
2427:Ministry of Personnel
2337:Imperial examinations
1887:Tonyukuk inscriptions
1872:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb
966:
904:
888:
785:Further information:
775:
768:Aftermath in Mongolia
679:
595:
349:Establishment of Tang
282:Casualties and losses
3864:Greater Central Asia
2485:Beiting Protectorate
2261:Huang Chao Rebellion
2177:Tang–Tibet relations
2147:Xuanwu Gate Incident
1925:Göktürk–Persian wars
1765:Mengchi Protectorate
1736:Kunling Protectorate
539:and his grandmother
43:improve this article
3275:Chinese Manichaeism
2613:Leshan Giant Buddha
2585:Night-Shining White
2447:Ministry of Justice
2432:Ministry of Revenue
2219:An Lushan rebellion
2071:Göktürk family tree
1862:Orkhon inscriptions
1852:Old Turkic language
1660:Kutluk Yabgu Khagan
1251:, vol. 215, part 1.
1241:, vol. 194, part 1.
525:Emperor Yang of Sui
3395:Woodblock printing
3258:Church of the East
2703:The Classic of Tea
2608:Dazu Rock Carvings
2239:Sweet Dew incident
2157:Tang–Xueyantuo War
1706:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun
1522:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1439:Ashina Jiesheshuai
891:
778:
682:
602:
482:Ashina Jiesheshuai
188:Anbei Protectorate
3921:
3920:
3897:Chinese Turkestan
3845:
3844:
3666:Mongolian Plateau
3439:
3438:
3283:
3282:
3166:Dongshan Liangjie
3154:Zhaozhou Congshen
3037:
3036:
2688:The Tale of Li Wa
2522:
2521:
2505:Ungjin Commandery
2452:Ministry of Works
2437:Ministry of Rites
2384:Three Departments
2342:Official headwear
2162:Goguryeo–Tang War
2089:
2088:
1952:Göktürk civil war
1947:Goguryeo–Tang War
1892:Ongin inscription
1857:Old Turkic script
1795:Anxi Protectorate
1096:978-0-7607-1976-3
889:Tang honour guard
776:Tang honour guard
662:marriage alliance
658:Zhenzhupiqie Khan
443:
442:
294:
293:
195:
194:
186:Establishment of
119:
118:
111:
93:
3971:
3610:
3609:
3598:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3222:Neo-Confucianism
3124:Baizhang Huaihai
3046:
3045:
2654:Empress Zhangsun
2629:
2628:
2564:A Palace Concert
2380:
2379:
2273:
2234:Changqing Treaty
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
1984:Battle of Bolchu
1979:Li-Sun rebellion
1532:Sy Yabghu Khagan
1282:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1248:New Book of Tang
1238:Old Book of Tang
1132:
1127:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
738:Princess Yicheng
339:
320:
313:
306:
297:
296:
262:
141:
140:
133:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3893:Western Regions
3886:Chinese Tartary
3876:Eurasian nomads
3841:
3798:against Dzungar
3784:
3765:against Mongols
3751:
3713:
3680:
3638:
3622:against Xiongnu
3605:Chinese empires
3599:
3590:
3482:Nomadic empires
3476:
3470:
3440:
3435:
3426:Salt Commission
3421:Kaiyuan Tongbao
3399:
3279:
3246:
3208:
3183:
3033:
2954:
2949:Liêu Hữu Phương
2731:
2627:
2518:
2456:
2442:Ministry of War
2413:
2378:
2372:Turkic generals
2357:Imperial guards
2274:
2265:
2224:Qingshui Treaty
2214:Battle of Talas
2167:Baekje–Tang War
2126:
2120:
2090:
2085:
2059:
1988:
1912:
1906:
1820:Göktürk culture
1815:
1804:Tokhara Yabghus
1749:Ashina Yuanqing
1726:
1718:
1713:El Bilga Khatun
1635:Qapaghan Qaghan
1630:Ilterish Qaghan
1622:
1614:
1494:
1486:
1398:
1390:
1299:
1291:
1286:
1256:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1081:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1018:
1010:Emperor Gaozong
990:
984:
975:attack Goguryeo
883:
789:
783:
770:
674:
640:(朔方, in modern
590:
517:
505:Ilterish Qaghan
503:was founded by
467:Emperor Taizong
454:destroying the
444:
439:
386:Western Regions
340:
326:
324:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
167:
134:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:630s conflicts
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3853:
3851:
3850:Related topics
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:against Turpan
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3632:Chief Official
3624:
3618:
3616:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:history series
3469:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:Gautama Siddha
3366:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3197:Cheng Xuanying
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3136:Yaoshan Weiyan
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2793:Wang Changling
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2419:Six Ministries
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2172:Silla–Tang War
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1783:Ashina Huaidao
1780:
1778:Ashina Huseluo
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1678:Ashina Duoxifu
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Heshana Qaghan
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1481:Ashina Shibobi
1477:
1470:
1463:
1460:Ashina Nishufu
1456:
1449:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:Empress Ashina
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Ishbara Qaghan
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1221:Zizhi Tongjian
1211:
1147:Zizhi Tongjian
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1075:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1014:
983:
980:
882:
879:
842:
841:
835:
825:
824:
821:
815:
782:
779:
769:
766:
746:Zhang Baoxiang
719:Inner Mongolia
673:
670:
634:blood brothers
600:tomb figurines
589:
586:
578:Ashina Shibobi
516:
513:
441:
440:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
416:
415:
405:
404:
403:
398:
393:
383:
378:
373:
368:
367:
366:
361:
356:
345:
342:
341:
323:
322:
315:
308:
300:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
253:
219:
218:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
184:
173:
169:
168:
155:
153:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3976:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3913:Greater China
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3747:Northern Yuan
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Northern Liao
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:against Tibet
3659:
3657:
3656:Eastern Turks
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:Mongol Empire
3565:
3563:
3562:Khamag Mongol
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3371:(fl 714–724)
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3349:Xinxiu bencao
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3318:Liang Lingzan
3316:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3304:Jigu Suanjing
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:Wang Xiaotong
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:Yunmen Wenyan
3170:
3167:
3164:
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2986:Viśa Īrasangä
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2817:Liu Changqing
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2797:
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2775:Zhang Jiuling
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2461:Protectorates
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1868:
1867:Orkhon Valley
1865:
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1773:Ashina Buzhen
1771:
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1724:Western Turks
1721:
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1655:Tengri Qaghan
1653:
1651:
1650:Yollıg Khagan
1648:
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1550:El Kulug Shad
1547:
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1542:Ishbara Tolis
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1499:
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1489:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:Ashide Fengji
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1453:Ashina She'er
1450:
1447:
1446:Ashina Funian
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Qilibi Qaghan
1424:
1422:
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1332:
1330:
1329:Taspar Qaghan
1327:
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747:
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739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
723:Yin Mountains
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Zhang Gongjin
687:
678:
669:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:Zhangsun Wuji
608:
599:
594:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Yang Zhengdao
534:
533:Emperor Gaozu
530:
526:
522:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
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457:
453:
449:
436:
433:
431:
428:
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423:
421:
418:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:Western Turks
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Eastern Turks
374:
372:
369:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
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350:
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110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3903:China proper
3869:Central Asia
3856:
3704:Eastern Liao
3694:Western Liao
3655:
3374:
3347:
3335:
3322:
3302:
3214:Confucianism
3199:(fl 631–655)
3078:(fl 602–664)
2901:Niu Yingzhen
2877:Liu Zongyuan
2722:
2717:Yang Yunsong
2711:Du Guangting
2701:
2686:
2681:Bai Xingjian
2665:
2644:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2558:Playing card
2548:
2187:Oasis states
2151:
2123:Tang dynasty
2076:Ashina tribe
1956:
1911:Göktürk wars
1744:Ashina Mishe
1665:Özmiş Khagan
1609:Ashina Tuizi
1602:Tardush Shad
1595:Ashina Duzhi
1537:Duolu Qaghan
1467:Ashide Wenfu
1431:Chebi Qaghan
1421:Illig Qaghan
1416:Chulo Qaghan
1411:Shibi Qaghan
1378:Yangsu Tegin
1349:Tulan Qaghan
1344:Bagha Qaghan
1334:Ashina Anluo
1324:Muqan Qaghan
1319:Issik Qaghan
1314:Bumin Qaghan
1246:
1236:
1230:
1220:
1213:
1145:
1125:
1114:
1105:
1085:
1078:
1068:
1061:
1002:
991:
972:
967:
954:Zhang Shigui
918:
914:
910:
905:
900:
892:
863:
843:
826:
812:Yellow River
793:sinicization
790:
731:
683:
666:
631:
615:
603:
598:Tang dynasty
571:
556:Li Jiancheng
553:crown prince
541:Empress Xiao
518:
498:
479:
463:Illig Qaghan
460:
452:Tang dynasty
447:
445:
375:
359:Qianshuiyuan
223:Tang Taizong
206:Tang dynasty
200:Belligerents
175:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3676:Tarim Basin
3431:Flying cash
3330:Li Chunfeng
3312:Xu Jingzong
3263:Xi'an Stele
3241:Kong Yingda
3112:Amoghavajra
2943:Du Qiuniang
2931:Mo Xuanqing
2925:Li Shangyin
2919:Wen Tingyun
2781:Meng Haoran
2769:He Zhizhang
2763:Chen Zi'ang
2745:Luo Binwang
2402:Chancellery
2397:Secretariat
2362:Shence Army
2318:Jimi system
2301:Family tree
1913:and battles
1882:Ülüş system
1810:Turk Shahis
1759:Ashina Zhen
1754:Ashina Xian
1729:Jimi system
1645:Bilgä Qaǧan
1640:Inel Qaghan
1570:Irbis Seguy
1527:Külüg Sibir
1507:Niri Qaghan
1406:Yami Qaghan
1308:Ashina Tuwu
1005:Ashina Hubo
962:bride price
956:(張士貴), and
847:Ashina Simo
734:Su Dingfang
702:Wei Xiaojie
529:Sui breakup
494:Gobi Desert
486:Qilibi Khan
371:Xuanwu Gate
251:Su Dingfang
243:Wei Xiaojie
165:Hetao Plain
161:Gobi Desert
3928:Categories
3908:Sinosphere
3810:Lifan Yuan
3709:Later Liao
3473:Inner Asia
3390:Toothbrush
3357:Sun Simiao
3332:(602–670)
3299:(580–640)
3203:Lü Dongbin
3118:Mazu Daoyi
3100:Vajrabodhi
2998:Zhang Xuan
2847:Wei Yingwu
2751:Du Shenyan
2698:(733–804)
2683:(776–826)
2641:(596–667)
2601:Autumn Dew
2308:Chancellor
2279:Government
1902:Qara bodun
1788:Ashina Xin
1670:Ashina Shi
1581:Bagha Shad
1565:Yukuk Shad
1369:Apa Qaghan
1048:References
994:Duomi Khan
986:See also:
950:Li Daliang
946:Zhang Jian
932:(阿跌), and
742:Li Daozong
706:Li Daozong
698:Xue Wanche
564:chancellor
521:Sui Empire
515:Background
490:Great Wall
287:very light
247:Li Daozong
235:Xue Wanche
69:newspapers
3949:Xueyantuo
3822:Manchuria
3775:Manchuria
3732:Manchuria
3386:(730–805)
3365:(683–727)
3314:(592-672)
3243:(574–648)
3235:(772–841)
3229:(768–824)
3174:(862–949)
3168:(807–869)
3156:(778–897)
3150:(770–860)
3144:(746–805)
3138:(745–827)
3132:(730–790)
3126:(720–814)
3120:(709–788)
3114:(705–774)
3108:(688–763)
3102:(671–741)
3096:(638–689)
3090:(635–713)
3084:(632–682)
3072:(613–681)
3066:(562–645)
3060:(549–623)
3024:(855–915)
3018:(832–912)
3012:(730–780)
3010:Zhou Fang
3006:(723–787)
3004:Han Huang
3000:(713–755)
2994:(706–783)
2982:(699–759)
2976:(680–760)
2970:(600–673)
2968:Yan Liben
2939:(840–868)
2937:Yu Xuanji
2927:(813–858)
2921:(812–866)
2915:(803–852)
2897:(790–817)
2885:(779–831)
2883:Yuan Zhen
2879:(773–819)
2873:(772–846)
2867:(772–842)
2861:(768–824)
2855:(739–799)
2849:(737–792)
2843:(722–789)
2837:(715–770)
2831:(712–779)
2825:(712–770)
2819:(709–785)
2813:(704–765)
2807:(701–762)
2801:(699–759)
2795:(698–756)
2789:(690–751)
2783:(689–740)
2777:(673–740)
2771:(659–744)
2765:(656–702)
2759:(650–676)
2753:(645–708)
2747:(619–684)
2719:(9th c.)
2713:(850–933)
2677:(751–762)
2662:(7th c.)
2656:(601–636)
2367:Shumiyuan
2192:Karakhoja
2131:History (
1962:Xueyantuo
1812:(665–870)
1806:(625-758)
1692:Kul Tigin
1685:Kulun Beg
1623:(682–744)
1588:Böri Shad
1495:(581–657)
1399:(581–630)
1300:(552–581)
1053:Citations
921:Mount Tai
873:(奚), and
838:Wei Zheng
832:Wen Yanbo
818:Li Baiyao
808:Yan Shigu
727:Tang Jian
710:Chai Shao
650:Chai Shao
618:Xueyantuo
582:Wei River
560:Li Yuanji
471:Xueyantuo
425:Xueyantuo
391:Karakhoja
239:Chai Shao
157:Dingxiang
99:July 2010
3837:Xinjiang
3827:Mongolia
3803:genocide
3737:Mongolia
3572:Chagatai
3505:Göktürks
3359:(d. 682)
3344:Su Jing
3180:(9th c.)
3162:(8th c.)
3160:Zhisheng
3106:Jianzhen
3076:Xuanzang
3050:Buddhism
3042:Religion
3030:(9th c.)
3022:Jing Hao
2988:(7th c.)
2980:Wang Wei
2974:Wu Daozi
2960:Painters
2951:(9th c.)
2945:(9th c.)
2909:(8th c.)
2907:Zhang Xu
2903:(8th c.)
2891:(d. 784)
2871:Bai Juyi
2865:Liu Yuxi
2835:Cen Shen
2829:Zhang Ji
2799:Wang Wei
2352:Jiedushi
2347:Military
2254:Songping
2207:Conquest
2197:Karasahr
2133:Timeline
1972:Conquest
1847:Kurultai
1827:Tengrism
1699:Tonyukuk
1289:Göktürks
1150:, vols.
1130:兩千年中西曆轉換
1119:兩千年中西曆轉換
1016:See also
938:Shuozhou
797:Shandong
694:Li Shiji
638:Shuofang
584:Bridge.
545:Chang'an
492:and the
430:Songzhou
420:Goguryeo
413:conquest
396:Karasahr
269:Strength
231:Li Shiji
179:victory
152:Location
3881:Tartary
3671:Beiting
3586:Dzungar
3581:Timurid
3532:Tibetan
3495:Xianbei
3490:Xiongnu
3416:Liu Yan
3411:Diwu Qi
3404:Economy
3384:Jia Dan
3363:Yi Xing
3205:(796-?)
3070:Shandao
3064:Daochuo
3028:Sun Wei
3016:Guanxiu
2992:Han Gan
2933:(834-?)
2811:Gao Shi
2757:Wang Bo
2675:Du Huan
2639:Daoxuan
2632:Writers
2527:Culture
2323:Fanzhen
2286:Emperor
2055:Elteber
2045:Tarkhan
1227:Bo Yang
1219:of the
1217:Edition
1215:Bo Yang
1139:Sources
998:Uyghurs
958:Li Xiyu
859:Tuyuhun
762:Tuyuhun
700:(薛萬徹),
686:Li Jing
646:Shaanxi
622:Uyghurs
607:Xiongnu
509:Gaozong
475:Li Jing
381:Tuyuhun
337:Gaozong
333:Taizong
277:150,000
274:100,000
258: (
227:Li Jing
147:629-630
83:scholar
3552:Mongol
3547:Kyrgyz
3542:Uyghur
3500:Rouran
3227:Han Yu
3189:Taoism
3142:Huiguo
3130:Wukong
3088:Yijing
3058:Jizang
2859:Han Yu
2853:Lu Lun
2805:Li Bai
2660:Bianji
2544:Poetry
2539:Sancai
2125:topics
2081:Ashide
2064:Family
2040:Khatun
2015:Yabghu
2000:Khagan
1993:Titles
1935:Second
1837:Otuken
1727:under
1575:Hallig
1517:Sheguy
1385:Tamgan
1355:Istämi
1093:
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942:Shanxi
896:Li Zhi
867:Khitan
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654:Yi'nan
626:Khitan
567:Pei Ji
435:Baekje
327:Early
172:Result
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3832:Tibet
3815:Amban
3780:Tibet
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3557:Tatar
3251:Other
3233:Li Ao
3148:Puhua
3082:Kuiji
2913:Du Mu
2895:Li He
2889:Li Ye
2841:Li Bi
2823:Du Fu
2787:Li Qi
2737:Poets
2696:Lu Yu
2328:Hebei
2296:House
2249:Annan
2202:Kucha
2050:Ishad
2030:Tudun
2025:Boyla
2020:Bagha
2010:Tegin
1940:Third
1930:First
1842:Suyab
1832:Asena
1502:Tardu
926:Tiele
801:Henan
758:Kucha
754:Qocho
642:Yulin
549:Henan
401:Kucha
364:Hulao
354:Huoyi
90:JSTOR
76:books
3790:Qing
3757:Ming
3719:Yuan
3686:Liao
3644:Tang
3537:Zubu
3178:Gikū
3094:Faru
2291:List
2005:Shad
1091:ISBN
930:Adie
799:and
760:and
744:and
708:and
620:and
446:The
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329:Tang
177:Tang
163:and
144:Date
62:news
3959:630
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2534:Art
2035:Beg
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855:Han
261:POW
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