844:
584:
560:
511:
502:
572:
113:
599:
69:
6227:
548:
618:
88:
1636:
1740:. Tamarind heartwood is reddish brown, sometimes with a purplish hue. The heartwood in tamarind tends to be narrow and is usually only present in older and larger trees. The pale yellow sapwood is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is said to be durable to very durable in decay resistance, and is also resistant to insects. Its sapwood is not durable and is prone to attack by insects and fungi as well as
6237:
3865:
1648:
649:
The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidic pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods (containing six to 12 seeds), whereas
African and West Indian varieties have shorter pods (containing one to six seeds). The seeds are somewhat flattened,
1467:
in Ghana safe for human consumption. As the fruit matures it becomes sweeter and less sour (acidic) and the ripened fruit is considered more palatable. The sourness varies between cultivars and some sweet tamarind ones have almost no acidity when ripe. In
Western cuisine, tamarind pulp is found in
815:
to tropical Africa, but has been cultivated for so long on the Indian subcontinent that it is sometimes reported to be indigenous there. It grows wild in Africa in locales as diverse as Sudan, Cameroon, Nigeria, Kenya, Zambia, Somalia, Tanzania and Malawi. In Arabia, it is found growing wild in
2924:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
2159:
Throughout South Asia and the tropical world, tamarind trees are used as ornamental, garden, and cash crop plantings. Commonly used as a bonsai species in many Asian countries, it is also grown as an indoor bonsai in temperate parts of the world.
2142:
In the United States, it is a large-scale crop introduced for commercial use (second in net production quantity only to India), mainly in southern states, notably south
Florida, and as a shade tree, along roadsides, in dooryards and in parks.
1744:. Due to its density and interlocked grain, tamarind is considered difficult to work. Heartwood has a pronounced blunting effect on cutting edges. Tamarind turns, glues, and finishes well. The heartwood is able to take a high natural polish.
2146:
A traditional food plant in Africa, tamarind has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. In
Madagascar, its fruit and leaves are a well-known favorite of the
820:, where it grows on the sea-facing slopes of mountains. It reached South Asia likely through human transportation and cultivation several thousand years ago. It is widely distributed throughout the tropics, from Africa to South Asia.
823:
In the 16th century, it was introduced to Mexico and
Central America, and to a lesser degree to South America, by Spanish and Portuguese colonists, to the degree that it became a staple ingredient in the region's cuisine.
827:
As of 2006 India is the largest producer of tamarind. The consumption of tamarind is widespread due to its central role in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the
Americas, especially Mexico.
2923:
3598:
Wegenast, CA (2022). "Acute kidney injury in dogs following ingestion of cream of tartar and tamarinds and the connection to tartaric acid as the proposed toxic principle in grapes and raisins".
701:
In
Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Italy, Spain, and throughout the
2902:
2275:
3831:
525:
The tamarind flowers bloom (although inconspicuously), with red and yellow elongated flowers. Flowers are 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, five-petalled, borne in small
1430:
2332:
3432:
Panthong, A; Khonsung, P; Kunanusorn, P; Wongcome, T; Pongsamart, S (July 2008). "The laxative effect of fresh pulp aqueous extracts of Thai
Tamarind cultivars".
3641:
Imam, S.; Azhar, I.; Hasan, M. M.; Ali, M. S.; Ahmed, S. W. (2007). "Two triterpenes lupanone and lupeol isolated and identified from
Tamarindus indica linn".
1680:
material for textile and jute processing, and in the manufacture of industrial gums and adhesives. It is de-oiled to stabilize its colour and odor on storage.
2854:
1459:
The fruit pulp is edible. The hard green pulp of a young fruit is considered by many to be too sour, but is often used as a component of savory dishes, as a
5144:
3943:
2670:
De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië, tevens synthetische catalogus der verzamelingen van het Museum voor Technischeen Handelsbotanie te Buitenzorg
2382:
1414:
6935:
6508:
1456:
may be used to propagate desirable cultivars. Such trees will usually fruit within three to four years if provided optimum growing conditions.
3381:
1592:
The leaves and bark are also edible, and the seeds can be cooked to make safe for consumption. Blanched, tender tamarind leaves are used in a
6961:
6700:
6573:
2436:
7064:
463:
6241:
2496:
3894:
1444:
The fruit is harvested by pulling the pod from its stalk. A mature tree can produce up to 175 kilograms (386 pounds) of fruit per year.
598:
2669:
2025:
6997:
6674:
2355:
481:
As a tropical species, it is frost-sensitive. The pinnate leaves with opposite leaflets give a billowing effect in the wind. Tamarind
2931:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2107:
in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, the Caribbean, and Pacific Islands. Thailand has the largest plantations of the
6896:
6456:
5137:
2894:
1526:, tamarind is used in savory dishes, notably meat-based stews, and often combined with dried fruits to achieve a sweet-sour tang.
1669:
Tamarind seed oil is made from the kernel of tamarind seeds. The kernel is difficult to isolate from its thin but tough shell (or
6948:
6909:
6521:
6469:
3936:
3883:
in Brunken, U., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Janssen, T., Thiombiano, A. & Zizka, G. 2008. West African plants – A Photo Guide.
2326:
1547:(or simply "sampalok candy"), a traditional tamarind candy. Indonesia also has a similarly sour, tamarind-based soup dish called
3393:
Havinga, Reinout M.; Hartl, Anna; Putscher, Johanna; Prehsler, Sarah; Buchmann, Christine; Vogl, Christian R. (February 2010). "
3166:
3093:
Azad, Salim (2018). "Tamarindo—Tamarindus indica". In Sueli Rodrigues; Ebenezer de Oliveira Silva; Edy Sousa de Brito (eds.).
7074:
6622:
6552:
6339:
3785:
3328:
3293:
3110:
2936:
2837:
2791:
2365:
1760:, the fruit pulp is used to polish brass shrine statues and lamps, and copper, brass, and bronze utensils. Tamarind contains
6953:
6526:
3277:
2950:
7114:
6230:
5130:
5058:
583:
455:, and acidic soil types, with a high resistance to drought and aerosol salt (wind-borne salt as found in coastal areas).
2277:
CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology
3929:
3869:
3839:
1574:
drink. It is widely used throughout all of Mexico for candy making, including tamarind mixed with chilli powder candy.
7119:
5050:
3493:
3201:
3136:
2987:
2725:
2639:
2293:
3878:
2664:
3053:
2873:
6966:
6578:
3067:
6495:
1647:
6344:
5654:
3126:
3028:
2867:
2688:
6692:
3723:
2011:
In hens, tamarind has been found to lower cholesterol in their serum and in the yolks of the eggs they laid.
559:
7015:
2313:
2111:
nations, followed by Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. In parts of Southeast Asia, tamarind is called
3151:
1426:
6448:
6422:
3369:
2890:
1716:) are used to treat skin problems like rashes and irritation; it can also be ingested after dilution as an
2566:
1626:
that features tender blanched tamarind leaves, garlic, onions, roasted peanuts, and pounded dried shrimp.
6792:
6326:
6297:
3344:
2052:. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that tamarind seeds contained catechin,
6888:
6862:
7010:
6687:
6474:
6041:
5063:
4404:
4354:
2248:
387:
that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. The pulp is also used in
112:
48:
17:
6914:
5336:
2317:
2200:
1712:
has been documented throughout the world. Extract of steamed and sun-dried old tamarind pulp in Java (
7084:
6976:
6601:
6547:
5153:
2285:
2252:
1570:
In Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, the pulp is diluted with water and sugared to make an
843:
571:
44:
478:
in agriculture to optimize tree density and ease of fruit harvest. At night, the leaflets close up.
470:
veined, and less than 5 centimetres (2 inches) in length. The branches droop from a single, central
7109:
6435:
5073:
4939:
4653:
2104:
1635:
6565:
2814:
1499:. Tamarind pulp is a key ingredient in flavoring curries and rice in south Indian cuisine, in the
7094:
7079:
7002:
6883:
6679:
6443:
6370:
5761:
5309:
4312:
3808:
3763:
2448:
7104:
6857:
6653:
6513:
6417:
6259:
6187:
5644:
4129:
4082:
2093:
1541:(which also uses tamarind leaves). The fruit pulp are also cooked in sugar and/or salt to make
672:
547:
6940:
6539:
1543:
1259:
7069:
6132:
5798:
5696:
5279:
5068:
4596:
4536:
4222:
4182:
4144:
3967:
2973:
2504:
2139:. Extensive tamarind orchards in India produce 250,000 tonnes (280,000 short tons) annually.
1881:
1285:
255:
6989:
6640:
7089:
6818:
6773:
6378:
5868:
5726:
5716:
5701:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5259:
4790:
4707:
4581:
4479:
4154:
4109:
4046:
2781:
2631:
1705:
1469:
1324:
1298:
812:
782:
404:
388:
6875:
1673:). It has a similar consistency to linseed oil, and can be used to make paint or varnish.
1529:
In the Philippines, the whole fruit is used as one of the souring agents of the sour soup
8:
6648:
5511:
5481:
5471:
4551:
4494:
4472:
4317:
3904:
3285:
2808:
2019:
1654:
1429:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1337:
950:
940:
626:
77:
6849:
6308:
4658:
3888:
2177:
2151:, providing as much as 50 percent of their food resources during the year if available.
7036:
6870:
6726:
6430:
6409:
5808:
5460:
4890:
4815:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4452:
4384:
4212:
4124:
4119:
4097:
4051:
3978:
3700:
3669:
3623:
3259:
3102:
1488:
1311:
1239:
970:
277:
107:
5009:
6984:
6805:
6705:
6666:
6635:
6352:
5843:
5731:
5711:
5455:
5400:
5091:
4969:
4949:
4909:
4855:
4757:
4752:
4339:
4149:
4062:
4000:
3781:
3705:
3650:
3627:
3615:
3580:
3536:
3489:
3414:
3324:
3299:
3289:
3197:
3132:
3106:
2983:
2942:
2932:
2863:
2833:
2787:
2721:
2635:
2404:
2361:
2289:
2235:
2148:
1733:
1495:
is popular in India and Pakistan as a dressing for many snacks and often served with
1350:
1111:
765:
749:
710:
605:
3767:
2830:
Technologies Related to Participatory Forestry in Tropical and Subtropical Countries
2742:
7041:
6731:
6357:
6202:
6192:
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5803:
5624:
5440:
5410:
5390:
5346:
5224:
4747:
4732:
4712:
4394:
4275:
4029:
3773:
3695:
3685:
3607:
3570:
3526:
3441:
3406:
3251:
3098:
2627:
2546:
2195:
2073:
1677:
1272:
1128:
773:
408:
6810:
6784:
4979:
7099:
6797:
6758:
6609:
6331:
6318:
6142:
6063:
5828:
5740:
5580:
5422:
5341:
5014:
4601:
4546:
4526:
4489:
4444:
4247:
4207:
3318:
2715:
2065:
1961:
1464:
791:
664:
490:
373:
361:
150:
3910:
3557:
Chowdhury, SR; Sarker, DK; Chowdhury, SD; Smith, TK; Roy, PK; Wahid, MA (2005).
3317:
Richmond, Simon; Eimer, David; Karlin, Adam; Louis, Regis St; Ray, Nick (2017).
2853:
El-Siddig; Gunasena; Prasad; Pushpakumara; Ramana; Vijayanand; Williams (2006).
1480:(especially in Australia, with the tamarind derived from Worcestershire sauce).
510:
501:
6661:
6207:
6173:
6046:
6005:
5773:
5676:
5501:
5445:
5405:
5395:
5385:
5299:
5186:
5161:
4944:
4914:
4820:
4688:
4613:
4437:
4399:
4374:
4332:
4295:
3509:
Salma, U.; Miah, A. G.; Tareq, K. M. A.; Maki, T.; Tsujii, H. (April 1, 2007).
2926:
2243:
2132:
2053:
1994:
1950:
1593:
1552:
1535:(which can also use other sour fruits), as well as another type of soup called
1477:
1449:
796:
725:
471:
432:
137:
5375:
5358:
4974:
3690:
3410:
2596:
7058:
6534:
6182:
5963:
5938:
5883:
5639:
5608:
5435:
5430:
5331:
5274:
5122:
4984:
4919:
4897:
4865:
4800:
4668:
4638:
4618:
4606:
4591:
4576:
4566:
4541:
4344:
4092:
3875:
SEA Hand Book-2009: Published by The Solvent Extractors' Association of India
3668:
Razali, N.; Mat Junit, S.; Ariffin, A.; Ramli, N. S.; Abdul Aziz, A. (2015).
3303:
2186:
2015:
1983:
1928:
1917:
1761:
1717:
1701:
1623:
1508:
930:
896:
412:
233:
97:
92:
27:
This article is about the tropical plant. For the South American monkey, see
6591:
5029:
3921:
2551:
2530:
403:
can be extracted from the seeds. Tamarind's tender young leaves are used in
7028:
6718:
6282:
6212:
6197:
6036:
5958:
5848:
5793:
5788:
5756:
5746:
5691:
5666:
5649:
5555:
5450:
4964:
4954:
4924:
4860:
4850:
4830:
4810:
4628:
4426:
4369:
4364:
4307:
4067:
3709:
3654:
3619:
3584:
3540:
3445:
3418:
2946:
2777:
2120:
2100:. They retain their germination capability for several months if kept dry.
2061:
2057:
2045:
1939:
1769:
1709:
1537:
1504:
1453:
1363:
872:
679:
411:. Because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated around the world in
392:
206:
6614:
3531:
3510:
2889:
1445:
6922:
6767:
6560:
6482:
6291:
6147:
6088:
5978:
5973:
5948:
5931:
5921:
5912:
5778:
5629:
5524:
5264:
4994:
4989:
4934:
4870:
4835:
4643:
4571:
4531:
4265:
3988:
3575:
3558:
3459:
2741:
Diallo, BO; Joly, HI; McKey, D; Hosaert-McKey, M; Chevallier, MH (2007).
2660:
2308:
2116:
2097:
2037:
1906:
1571:
1512:
856:
753:
737:
396:
216:
68:
4389:
1589:
leather products by neutralizing the alkali substances used in tanning.
6901:
6461:
6058:
6053:
6010:
5993:
5983:
5953:
5943:
5893:
5783:
5671:
5560:
5380:
5326:
5289:
5244:
5239:
5229:
5203:
5179:
5101:
5096:
5034:
5019:
4959:
4648:
4556:
4302:
4139:
4134:
4072:
3983:
3903:
3263:
3217:
2136:
2081:
1972:
1697:
1564:
1548:
1145:
1094:
1004:
984:
691:
617:
416:
376:, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs to the family
6083:
3724:"Asam or Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) on the Shores of Singapore"
3611:
3559:"Effects of dietary tamarind on cholesterol metabolism in laying hens"
3003:
6927:
6844:
6831:
6487:
6404:
6391:
6137:
5988:
5858:
5833:
5721:
5706:
5686:
5545:
5476:
5466:
5363:
5353:
5284:
5269:
5234:
5111:
5106:
4904:
4875:
4825:
4767:
4673:
4561:
4467:
4421:
4041:
2281:
2128:
2124:
2069:
2041:
1217:
1204:
1191:
1067:
1054:
729:
702:
486:
467:
459:
6253:
3276:
3255:
2747:
populations: Any clues on the origin from its current distribution?"
7023:
6752:
6713:
6276:
5878:
5751:
5736:
5634:
5590:
5575:
5565:
5550:
5540:
5219:
5024:
4999:
4717:
4484:
4411:
4379:
4327:
4280:
4237:
4217:
4202:
4167:
3995:
3777:
3163:
2852:
2470:
2077:
2033:
1871:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1693:
1692:
applied to the foreheads of people with fevers. The fruit exhibits
1689:
1531:
1484:
1483:
Tamarind paste has many culinary uses including as a flavoring for
1473:
1460:
1077:
787:
377:
196:
163:
6836:
6500:
6396:
3431:
1688:
Throughout Southeast Asia, the fruit of the tamarind is used as a
6627:
6586:
6365:
6120:
6115:
6105:
6078:
5998:
5898:
5863:
5853:
5838:
5595:
5506:
5370:
5249:
4929:
4880:
4795:
4785:
4727:
4663:
4633:
4322:
4285:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4177:
4019:
3397:
L. (Fabaceae): Patterns of Use in Traditional African Medicine".
2049:
1765:
1757:
1582:
1500:
1492:
1178:
1034:
538:
440:
186:
36:
28:
6383:
6163:
6125:
6110:
6073:
6031:
6026:
5926:
5681:
5585:
5254:
5214:
4885:
4840:
4780:
4737:
4678:
4623:
4586:
4506:
4501:
4462:
4359:
4349:
4270:
4232:
4172:
4162:
4036:
4024:
4014:
3887:
3864:
2677:: Museum vor Economische Botanie & Ruygrok. pp. 232–5.
2029:
1586:
1578:
1519:
1496:
1161:
994:
817:
629:
526:
482:
475:
357:
176:
6823:
3909:
2965:
2828:
Tamale, E.; Jones, N.; Pswarayi-Riddihough, I. (August 1995).
2827:
1551:. Tamarind pulp mixed with liquid is also used in beverage as
6093:
5968:
5888:
5873:
5820:
5570:
5529:
5321:
5199:
5174:
5004:
4845:
4805:
4775:
4722:
4697:
4683:
4431:
4416:
4290:
4257:
4242:
4227:
4114:
4009:
3973:
3556:
2674:
2108:
1875:
1736:, chopping blocks, and other small specialty wood items like
886:
534:
384:
124:
3392:
2740:
6100:
6068:
5313:
4742:
4457:
4087:
4077:
3958:
3667:
3167:"Georgian Chicken in Pomegranate and Tamarind Sauce Recipe"
2309:
2169:
1737:
1523:
794:
is a different plant native to Mexico and known locally as
452:
448:
444:
436:
435:
height of 25 metres (80 feet). The crown has an irregular,
428:
365:
3748:
3029:"Original Sweet & Thick BBQ Sauce - Products - Heinz®"
2917:
2895:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2316:; National Genetic Resources Program (February 10, 2005).
682:". Several early medieval herbalists and physicians wrote
650:
and a glossy brown. The fruit is sweet and sour in taste.
5908:
5613:
5169:
3761:
3749:"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
916:
530:
3316:
40:(tamarisk), a genus of small flowering trees and shrubs.
3823:
1728:
Tamarind wood is used to make furniture, boats (as per
2383:"Here's what you can cook with tender tamarind leaves"
3674:
seeds protected HepG2 cells against oxidative stress"
2175:
3515:
on Egg-Yolk Cholesterol and Laying Hen Performance"
1884:26.4%. The oil is usually bleached after refining.
646:to 6 in) in length, with a hard, brown shell.
3508:
3165:
2928:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2624:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
717:). In the Caribbean, tamarind is sometimes called
709:. In those countries it is often used to make the
466:. The leaflets are bright green, elliptic-ovular,
3640:
3152:"Tamarind is the 'sour secret of Syrian cooking'"
2717:Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary
2201:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62020997A62020999.en
2115:. It is cultivated all over India, especially in
1555:. In Java, Indonesia, tamarind juice is known as
1249:
1044:
7056:
4895:
2776:
1463:agent or as a means of making certain poisonous
780:) is sometimes confused with "Manila tamarind" (
360:tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to
2786:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 115–121.
400:
5152:
3762:National Research Council (January 25, 2008).
3670:"Polyphenols from the extract and fraction of
3242:Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes".
3054:"MasterFoods Barbecue Sauce 500mL Ingredients"
2883:
2862:. Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops.
2273:
851:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
443:. The tree grows well in full sun. It prefers
5138:
3951:
3937:
3164:Phyllis Glazer; Miriyam Glazer; Joan Nathan.
1892:Fatty acid composition of tamarind kernel oil
1664:
1601:
604:Tamarind tree on the site of the founding of
427:The tamarind is a long-living, medium-growth
3194:Tikim: Essays on Philippine Food and Culture
2559:
1585:, tamarind pulp is used to fix the color in
1567:and ice as a fresh sour and sweet beverage.
632:, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (
3643:Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2539:Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
2524:
2522:
1772:, another acidic fruit, is used similarly.
1607:
383:The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like
5145:
5131:
3944:
3930:
3678:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2996:
2891:United States Food and Drug Administration
2621:
86:
67:
3772:. Vol. 3. National Academies Press.
3699:
3689:
3574:
3530:
3191:
3185:
2971:
2810:Manual of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2713:
2707:
2588:
2550:
2353:
2199:
1870:The fatty acid composition of the oil is
529:, and yellow with orange or red streaks.
3769:Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits
3597:
3282:The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants
2655:
2653:
2651:
2528:
2519:
616:
3502:
3241:
3131:. Tuttle Publishing. 2006. p. 88.
3004:"BBC Food:Ingredients—Tamarind recipes"
2806:
2800:
2333:National Germplasm Resources Laboratory
2327:Germplasm Resources Information Network
14:
7057:
3829:
3741:
3250:(6). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 231.
2821:
2761:
2734:
2402:
2381:Borah, Prabalika M. (April 27, 2018).
1696:effects due to its high quantities of
786:). While in the same taxonomic family
537:are pink and are lost when the flower
6258:
6257:
5126:
3925:
3483:
3244:Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information
2659:
2648:
2594:
2380:
6977:0e5ece73-5d3d-43b5-954b-2a6ce95408f7
6602:3d598dba-2459-4c4d-ba8d-a50620514400
6236:
3801:
3278:United States Department of the Army
3097:. Academic Press. pp. 403–412.
3092:
2632:10.1093/acref/9780192830982.001.0001
2622:T. F. Hoad, ed. (2003). "tamarind".
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2398:
2396:
1752:In homes and temples, especially in
462:leaves are alternately arranged and
54:Leguminous tree bearing edible fruit
7065:IUCN Red List least concern species
3811:. Wisconsin Primate Research Center
3545:as well as in egg-yolk (13 and 16%)
2905:from the original on March 27, 2024
2403:Manalo, Lalaine (August 14, 2013).
2187:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1777:Composition of tamarind seed kernel
1732:) carvings, turned objects such as
668:
474:as the tree matures, and are often
24:
3210:
3103:10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00055-1
1676:Tamarind kernel powder is used as
395:. The tree's wood can be used for
25:
7131:
3857:
2529:Doughari, J. H. (December 2006).
2422:
2393:
1518:Across the Middle East, from the
6693:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:520167-1
6235:
6226:
6225:
3912:The New Student's Reference Work
3863:
2953:from the original on May 9, 2024
2751:African Journal of Biotechnology
1683:
1646:
1634:
1450:shield (T or inverted T) budding
842:
597:
582:
570:
558:
546:
509:
500:
111:
7016:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23658-1
3755:
3716:
3661:
3634:
3591:
3550:
3477:
3452:
3425:
3386:
3375:
3372:. agriculturalproductsindia.com
3363:
3337:
3310:
3270:
3235:
3157:
3145:
3119:
3086:
3060:
3046:
3021:
2846:
2681:
2615:
2489:
2471:"Tamarind: a multipurpose tree"
2463:
2176:Rivers, M.C.; Mark, J. (2017).
2154:
1747:
1487:, curries, and the traditional
4308:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
3838:. Ma-Ke Bonsai. Archived from
2374:
2357:Tamarind: Tamarindus Indica L.
2347:
2302:
2267:
2228:
2215:
2087:
1764:, a weak acid that can remove
1723:
422:
13:
1:
3832:"Ma-Ke Bonsai Care Guide for
3192:Fernandez, Doreen G. (2019).
2695:. National Parks of Singapore
2163:
2096:or briefly boiled to enhance
1563:, tamarind juice served with
861:1,000 kJ (240 kcal)
7075:Fruits originating in Africa
3399:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
3345:"ရာသီစာ အညာမန်ကျည်းရွက်သုပ်"
2022:, which can often be fatal.
1708:. Its use for the relief of
1511:and in certain varieties of
1491:syrup drink. Tamarind sweet
1425:Percentages estimated using
658:
7:
4120:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
3128:The Complete Asian Cookbook
2856:Tamarind, Tamarindus indica
2832:. World Bank Publications.
2626:. Oxford University Press.
2531:"Antimicrobial Activity of
2103:The tamarind has long been
2006:
1439:
803:
485:consists of hard, dark red
10:
7136:
7115:Non-timber forest products
5154:Non-timber forest products
2286:Taylor & Francis Group
2249:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1756:Asian countries including
1665:Seed oil and kernel powder
653:
431:, which attains a maximum
49:Tamarindo (disambiguation)
42:
33:
26:
6742:
6266:
6221:
6156:
6019:
5907:
5819:
5604:
5520:
5421:
5308:
5195:
5160:
5084:
5043:
4766:
4256:
4042:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
3957:
3952:Culinary herbs and spices
3691:10.1186/s12906-015-0963-2
3411:10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.028
3349:MDN - Myanmar DigitalNews
2813:. Hafner Press. pp.
2720:. Anvil Publishing, Inc.
2714:Polistico, Edgie (2017).
2280:. Boca Raton, Louisiana:
2253:Missouri Botanical Garden
1869:
1641:Vietnamese tamarind paste
1602:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1160:
1144:
1127:
1110:
1093:
1076:
1066:
1053:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
967:
963:
959:
949:
939:
929:
913:
909:
905:
895:
885:
869:
865:
855:
850:
841:
711:beverage of the same name
686:, medieval Latin use was
439:-shaped outline of dense
283:
276:
261:
254:
108:Scientific classification
106:
84:
75:
66:
61:
45:Tamarind (disambiguation)
7120:Plants described in 1753
4940:Montreal steak seasoning
3488:. Pariyatti Publishing.
2194:: e.T62020997A62020999.
2048:are present in the leaf
612:
34:Not to be confused with
3895:Encyclopædia Britannica
2783:Fruits of Warm Climates
2576:. University of Florida
2552:10.4314/tjpr.v5i2.14637
2274:Quattrocchi U. (2012).
1427:US recommendations
831:
311:Tamarindus occidentalis
6168:(Iberian agroforestry)
5406:Pacific mountain onion
4896:
3898:(11th ed.). 1911.
3513:Rhodobacter capsulatus
3446:10.1055/s-0028-1084885
2982:Crops for the Future.
2972:El-Siddig, K. (2006).
2743:"Genetic diversity of
2665:"Tamarindua indica L."
2360:Crops for the Future.
2354:El-Siddig, K. (2006).
2335:, Beltsville, Maryland
2288:. pp. 3667–3668.
2223:Anales Soc. Ci. Argent
1431:the National Academies
740:sour fruit) or simply
663:The name derives from
622:
519:Tamarind pollen grains
489:and softer, yellowish
319:Tamarindus officinalis
6188:Indian forest produce
5659:Hydnocarpus wightiana
3728:www.wildsingapore.com
3600:J Vet Emerg Crit Care
3196:. BRILL. p. 33.
2879:on September 1, 2012.
2507:on September 18, 2020
2405:"Sinampalukang Manok"
1882:saturated fatty acids
1476:, and some brands of
1019:Vitamins and minerals
620:
533:are pink as the four
327:Tamarindus somalensis
303:Tamarindus erythraeus
5431:Bare-toothed russula
4791:Beau monde seasoning
4156:Limnophila aromatica
3872:at Wikimedia Commons
3484:McGee, Joah (2015).
2807:Popenoe, W. (1974).
2451:on February 14, 2014
2441:– van Veen Organics"
1706:potassium bitartrate
1653:Tamarind balls from
1470:Worcestershire sauce
783:Pithecellobium dulce
592:leaves and fruit pod
389:traditional medicine
43:For other uses, see
6042:musical instruments
5300:Woodland strawberry
4915:Jamaican jerk spice
4537:Japanese pricklyash
3809:"Ring-Tailed Lemur"
3532:10.1093/ps/86.4.714
3511:"Effect of Dietary
3286:Skyhorse Publishing
3072:Women's Weekly Food
2020:acute kidney injury
2018:of tamarind causes
1901:(%) Range reported
1894:
1779:
1734:mortars and pestles
1655:Trinidad and Tobago
1617:tamarind leaf salad
1544:champóy na sampalok
1129:Pantothenic acid (B
838:
621:Philippine sampalok
553:A tamarind seedling
364:and naturalized in
78:Conservation status
4891:Herbes de Provence
4522:Grains of paradise
4385:Crushed red pepper
4099:Houttuynia cordata
3576:10.1093/ps/84.1.56
1890:
1849:Acid insoluble ash
1775:
1389:Other constituents
836:
623:
335:Tamarindus umbrosa
7052:
7051:
6985:Open Tree of Life
6654:Tamarindus indica
6636:Open Tree of Life
6436:Tamarindus indica
6345:Tamarindus_indica
6298:Tamarindus indica
6268:Tamarindus indica
6260:Taxon identifiers
6251:
6250:
5120:
5119:
5092:Chinese herbology
4970:Pumpkin pie spice
4950:Old Bay Seasoning
4910:Italian seasoning
4856:Five-spice powder
4158:(rice-paddy herb)
4001:Indian bay leaf (
3880:Tamarindus indica
3870:Tamarindus indica
3868:Media related to
3834:Tamarindus indica
3787:978-0-309-10596-5
3612:10.1111/vec.13234
3464:The Wood Database
3395:Tamarindus Indica
3330:978-1-78657-546-3
3323:. Lonely Planet.
3295:978-1-60239-692-0
3112:978-0-12-803138-4
2977:Tamarindus indica
2938:978-0-309-48834-1
2839:978-0-8213-3399-0
2793:978-0-9653360-7-9
2745:Tamarindus indica
2599:Tamarindus indica
2569:Tamarindus indica
2533:Tamarindus indica
2445:van Veen Organics
2439:Tamarindus indica
2367:978-0-85432-859-8
2238:Tamarindus indica
2180:Tamarindus indica
2149:ring-tailed lemur
2004:
2003:
1888:
1887:
1437:
1436:
1379:
1378:
816:Oman, especially
809:Tamarindus indica
778:Tamarindus indica
715:agua de tamarindo
606:Santa Clara, Cuba
417:subtropical zones
401:tamarind seed oil
353:Tamarindus indica
345:
344:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
265:Tamarindus indica
236:
101:
16:(Redirected from
7127:
7085:Medicinal plants
7045:
7044:
7032:
7031:
7019:
7018:
7006:
7005:
6993:
6992:
6980:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6957:
6956:
6944:
6943:
6931:
6930:
6918:
6917:
6905:
6904:
6892:
6891:
6879:
6878:
6866:
6865:
6853:
6852:
6840:
6839:
6827:
6826:
6814:
6813:
6801:
6800:
6788:
6787:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6735:
6734:
6722:
6721:
6709:
6708:
6696:
6695:
6683:
6682:
6670:
6669:
6657:
6656:
6644:
6643:
6631:
6630:
6618:
6617:
6605:
6604:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6569:
6568:
6556:
6555:
6543:
6542:
6530:
6529:
6517:
6516:
6504:
6503:
6491:
6490:
6478:
6477:
6465:
6464:
6452:
6451:
6439:
6438:
6426:
6425:
6413:
6412:
6400:
6399:
6387:
6386:
6374:
6373:
6361:
6360:
6348:
6347:
6335:
6334:
6322:
6321:
6312:
6311:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6255:
6254:
6239:
6238:
6229:
6228:
6203:Resin extraction
6193:Mushroom hunting
6169:
5915: / etc.
5769:
5662:
5497:Saffron milk cap
5487:Parasol mushroom
5327:Fiddlehead ferns
5147:
5140:
5133:
5124:
5123:
4901:
4708:Tasmanian pepper
4689:Sichuan pepper (
4644:Pomegranate seed
4458:Dill / Dill seed
4313:Brazilian pepper
4276:Alligator pepper
4030:garlic / Chinese
3946:
3939:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3907:
3905:"Tamarind"
3899:
3891:
3889:"Tamarind"
3867:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3534:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3390:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3161:
3155:
3154:. PRI. July 2014
3149:
3143:
3142:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3068:"Barbecue sauce"
3064:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2872:. Archived from
2861:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2778:Morton, Julia F.
2774:
2759:
2758:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2503:. Archived from
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2447:. Archived from
2433:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2173:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1650:
1638:
1622:), a salad from
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1603:မန်ကျည်းရွက်သုပ်
1598:magyi ywet thoke
1253:
1165:
1149:
1132:
1115:
1098:
1081:
1055:Vitamin A equiv.
1048:
1015:
1014:
846:
839:
835:
670:
645:
644:
640:
637:
625:The fruit is an
601:
586:
577:Tamarind flowers
574:
562:
550:
513:
504:
409:Filipino cuisine
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
295:Cavaraea elegans
289:
267:
232:
116:
115:
95:
90:
89:
71:
59:
58:
21:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7110:Trees of Africa
7055:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7040:
7035:
7027:
7022:
7014:
7009:
7001:
6996:
6988:
6983:
6975:
6973:
6965:
6960:
6952:
6947:
6939:
6934:
6926:
6921:
6913:
6908:
6900:
6895:
6887:
6882:
6874:
6869:
6861:
6856:
6848:
6843:
6835:
6830:
6822:
6817:
6809:
6804:
6796:
6791:
6783:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6738:
6730:
6725:
6717:
6712:
6704:
6699:
6691:
6686:
6678:
6673:
6665:
6660:
6652:
6647:
6639:
6634:
6626:
6621:
6613:
6610:Observation.org
6608:
6600:
6598:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6572:
6564:
6559:
6551:
6546:
6538:
6533:
6525:
6520:
6512:
6507:
6499:
6494:
6486:
6481:
6473:
6468:
6460:
6455:
6447:
6442:
6434:
6429:
6421:
6416:
6408:
6403:
6395:
6390:
6382:
6377:
6369:
6364:
6356:
6351:
6343:
6338:
6330:
6325:
6317:
6315:
6307:
6305:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6262:
6252:
6247:
6217:
6167:
6152:
6143:Vegetable ivory
6015:
5903:
5815:
5763:
5656:
5618:
5600:
5534:
5516:
5482:Oyster mushroom
5472:Meadow mushroom
5417:
5401:Twincrest onion
5304:
5208:
5191:
5162:Animal products
5156:
5151:
5121:
5116:
5080:
5039:
5015:Tandoori masala
4762:
4639:Peruvian pepper
4527:Grains of Selim
4512:Aromatic ginger
4445:Bunium persicum
4252:
3953:
3950:
3902:
3886:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3842:on May 14, 2012
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3760:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3666:
3662:
3639:
3635:
3596:
3592:
3563:Poultry Science
3555:
3551:
3519:Poultry Science
3507:
3503:
3496:
3486:The Golden Path
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3430:
3426:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3320:Myanmar (Burma)
3315:
3311:
3296:
3288:. p. 101.
3275:
3271:
3256:10.2307/4118651
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2826:
2822:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2775:
2762:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2658:
2649:
2642:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2527:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2394:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2090:
2066:chloramphenicol
2009:
1962:Lignoceric acid
1891:
1879:
1776:
1750:
1726:
1686:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1446:Veneer grafting
1442:
1420:
1412:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1266:
1254:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1130:
1122:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1088:
1079:
1061:
1049:
1020:
979:
974:
951:Polyunsaturated
941:Monounsaturated
925:
920:
881:
876:
834:
806:
792:Manila tamarind
756:, it is called
752:. While in the
705:, it is called
661:
656:
642:
638:
635:
633:
615:
608:
602:
593:
587:
578:
575:
566:
565:Tamarind flower
563:
554:
551:
523:
522:
521:
520:
516:
515:
514:
506:
505:
464:pinnately lobed
425:
362:tropical Africa
272:
269:
263:
250:
231:
110:
102:
91:
87:
80:
55:
52:
41:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7133:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7095:Tropical fruit
7092:
7087:
7082:
7080:Edible legumes
7077:
7072:
7067:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7042:wfo-4000037503
7033:
7020:
7007:
6994:
6981:
6971:
6958:
6945:
6932:
6919:
6906:
6893:
6880:
6867:
6854:
6841:
6828:
6815:
6802:
6789:
6779:
6764:
6748:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:wfo-0000170926
6723:
6710:
6697:
6684:
6671:
6658:
6645:
6632:
6619:
6606:
6596:
6583:
6570:
6557:
6544:
6531:
6518:
6505:
6492:
6479:
6466:
6453:
6440:
6427:
6414:
6401:
6388:
6375:
6362:
6349:
6336:
6323:
6313:
6303:
6288:
6272:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6233:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6208:Rubber tapping
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6174:Forest farming
6171:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5810:Vateria indica
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:Shorea robusta
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5458:
5456:Honey mushroom
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5337:Mahuwa flowers
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5085:Related topics
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4945:Mulling spices
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:Cinnamon sugar
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:Voatsiperifery
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4438:Nigella sativa
4429:
4424:
4422:Coriander seed
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4049:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3971:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3900:
3884:
3876:
3873:
3859:
3858:External links
3856:
3854:
3853:
3830:D'Cruz, Mark.
3822:
3800:
3786:
3778:10.17226/11879
3754:
3740:
3715:
3660:
3633:
3606:(6): 812–816.
3590:
3549:
3525:(4): 714–719.
3501:
3494:
3476:
3451:
3424:
3405:(3): 573–588.
3385:
3374:
3370:Tamarind Seeds
3362:
3336:
3329:
3309:
3294:
3269:
3234:
3209:
3202:
3184:
3156:
3144:
3137:
3118:
3111:
3085:
3074:. May 31, 2010
3059:
3045:
3020:
2995:
2988:
2964:
2937:
2916:
2882:
2868:
2845:
2838:
2820:
2799:
2792:
2760:
2733:
2726:
2706:
2680:
2647:
2640:
2614:
2595:Christman, S.
2587:
2558:
2545:(2): 597–603.
2518:
2488:
2477:. July 9, 2007
2462:
2421:
2409:Kawaling Pinoy
2392:
2373:
2366:
2346:
2301:
2294:
2266:
2244:The Plant List
2227:
2225:. 82: 223 1916
2214:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2133:Andhra Pradesh
2089:
2086:
2054:procyanidin B2
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:Linolenic acid
1991:
1990:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:Arachidic acid
1947:
1946:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:Polysaccharide
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1749:
1746:
1725:
1722:
1685:
1682:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1553:tamarind juice
1478:barbecue sauce
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
981:
980:
977:
975:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
947:
946:
943:
937:
936:
933:
927:
926:
923:
921:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
893:
892:
889:
883:
882:
879:
877:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
853:
852:
848:
847:
837:Tamarinds, raw
833:
830:
805:
802:
726:Southeast Asia
660:
657:
655:
652:
614:
611:
610:
609:
603:
596:
594:
588:
581:
579:
576:
569:
567:
564:
557:
555:
552:
545:
518:
517:
508:
507:
499:
498:
497:
496:
495:
424:
421:
343:
342:
341:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
281:
280:
274:
273:
270:
259:
258:
252:
251:
247:T. indica
244:
242:
238:
237:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
154:
153:
148:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
104:
103:
85:
82:
81:
76:
73:
72:
64:
63:
53:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7132:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7105:Indian spices
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7012:
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6765:
6760:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6733:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6299:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6256:
6244:
6243:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6183:Honey hunting
6181:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5939:Coconut sugar
5937:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5513:
5512:Yellow knight
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Slippery jack
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Heart of palm
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:Edible plants
5307:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:Juniper berry
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4985:Ras el hanout
4983:
4981:
4980:Quatre épices
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Khmeli suneli
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Garlic powder
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4801:Bouquet garni
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Litsea cubeba
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:Juniper berry
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:Celery powder
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:Lemon verbena
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3915:
3913:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3810:
3804:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3497:
3495:9781681720135
3491:
3487:
3480:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3434:Planta Medica
3428:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3332:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3203:9789004414792
3199:
3195:
3188:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3138:9780804837576
3134:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:Exotic Fruits
3089:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3034:
3033:www.heinz.com
3030:
3024:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2989:9780854328598
2985:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2729:
2727:9786214200870
2723:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2694:
2693:nparks.gov.sg
2690:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2641:9780191727153
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2572:
2570:
2567:"Fact Sheet:
2562:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2295:9781420080445
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:Seeds can be
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:, quercetin,
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:tartaric acid
2014:In dogs, the
2012:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:Linoleic acid
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:Palmitic acid
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:Myristic acid
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:tartaric acid
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1718:abortifacient
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:tartaric acid
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:Folk medicine
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:Upper Myanmar
1599:
1595:
1594:Burmese salad
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:lollipop, in
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:USDA Database
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1095:Riboflavin (B
1092:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
992:
988:
986:
982:
976:
973:
972:
966:
962:
958:
954:
952:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
932:
928:
922:
919:
918:
912:
908:
904:
900:
898:
897:Dietary fiber
894:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
874:
873:Carbohydrates
868:
864:
860:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
829:
825:
821:
819:
814:
810:
801:
799:
798:
793:
789:
785:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
724:Countries in
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
674:
666:
651:
647:
631:
628:
619:
607:
600:
595:
591:
585:
580:
573:
568:
561:
556:
549:
544:
543:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
512:
503:
494:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
336:
333:
328:
325:
320:
317:
312:
309:
304:
301:
296:
293:
288:
285:
284:
282:
279:
275:
268:
266:
260:
257:
256:Binomial name
253:
249:
248:
243:
240:
239:
235:
230:
229:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Tracheophytes
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
114:
109:
105:
99:
94:
93:Least Concern
83:
79:
74:
70:
65:
60:
57:
50:
46:
39:
38:
30:
19:
7070:Detarioideae
6743:
6267:
6240:
6213:Wildcrafting
6198:Naval stores
6176: /
6164:
6133:Tendu leaves
6089:Natural dyes
5959:Gutta-percha
5911: /
5849:Frankincense
5809:
5765:
5722:Mango butter
5667:Cocoa butter
5658:
5655:Chaulmoogra
5625:Allanblackia
5556:Black pepper
5441:Birch bolete
5391:Canada onion
5376:Wild ginseng
5371:Saw palmetto
5312: /
5294:
5202: /
4965:Powder-douce
4955:Panch phoron
4925:Lemon pepper
4861:Garam masala
4851:Fines herbes
4831:Curry powder
4811:Chaat masala
4702:
4690:
4669:Sarsaparilla
4629:Onion powder
4577:Mango-ginger
4443:
4436:
4370:Chili powder
4155:
4145:Lemon myrtle
4102:
4098:
4053:
4052:Vietnamese (
4002:
3966:
3911:
3893:
3879:
3844:. Retrieved
3840:the original
3833:
3825:
3815:November 14,
3813:. Retrieved
3803:
3791:. Retrieved
3768:
3757:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3727:
3718:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3663:
3649:(2): 125–7.
3646:
3642:
3636:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3569:(1): 56–60.
3566:
3562:
3552:
3544:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3504:
3485:
3479:
3469:December 22,
3467:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3351:(in Burmese)
3348:
3339:
3319:
3312:
3284:. New York:
3281:
3272:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3222:Tagalog Lang
3221:
3212:
3193:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3159:
3147:
3127:
3121:
3094:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:
3023:
3013:February 23,
3011:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2927:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2898:
2885:
2874:the original
2855:
2848:
2829:
2823:
2809:
2802:
2782:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2716:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2692:
2683:
2673:(in Dutch).
2668:
2661:Heyne, Karel
2623:
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2598:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2568:
2561:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2501:Plant Lexica
2500:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2444:
2438:
2437:"Tamarind –
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2386:
2376:
2356:
2349:
2339:February 28,
2337:. Retrieved
2325:
2319:
2304:
2276:
2269:
2259:February 28,
2257:. Retrieved
2242:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2207:November 19,
2205:. Retrieved
2191:
2185:
2179:
2171:
2158:
2155:Horticulture
2145:
2141:
2121:Chhattisgarh
2112:
2102:
2091:
2062:ferulic acid
2058:caffeic acid
2046:isorhamnetin
2024:
2013:
2010:
1940:Stearic acid
1751:
1748:Metal polish
1727:
1713:
1710:constipation
1687:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1597:
1591:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1556:
1542:
1538:sinampalukan
1536:
1530:
1528:
1517:
1482:
1458:
1454:air layering
1443:
1415:
1393:
1388:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1045:
1040:
1033:
969:
915:
871:
826:
822:
811:is probably
808:
807:
795:
781:
777:
776:. Tamarind (
769:
761:
757:
745:
741:
733:
723:
718:
714:
706:
700:
695:
687:
683:
675:
662:
648:
624:
589:
524:
480:
457:
426:
405:South Indian
393:metal polish
382:
369:
368:. The genus
352:
351:
347:
346:
338:Salisb. 1796
334:
330:Matteqi 1908
326:
318:
314:Gaertn. 1791
310:
302:
294:
286:
264:
262:
246:
245:
227:
226:
207:Detarioideae
170:
157:
144:
131:
56:
35:
7090:Sour fruits
6923:iNaturalist
6768:Wikispecies
6561:NatureServe
6483:iNaturalist
6292:Wikispecies
6148:Willow bark
5979:Maple syrup
5974:Maple sugar
5949:Fruit syrup
5932:chewing gum
5922:Birch syrup
5779:Shea butter
5451:Chanterelle
5396:Crow garlic
5386:Bear garlic
5381:Wild onions
5359:filé powder
5280:Lingonberry
5265:Huckleberry
5064:Bangladeshi
4995:Sharena sol
4990:Recado rojo
4975:Qâlat daqqa
4935:Mixed spice
4871:Garlic salt
4836:Doubanjiang
4572:Long pepper
4532:Horseradish
4350:Celery seed
4223:Sanshō leaf
4140:Lemon grass
3227:November 1,
3177:February 7,
3172:NYT Cooking
2699:January 14,
2689:"Asam Tree"
2607:January 11,
2603:. FloriData
2117:Maharashtra
2105:naturalized
2098:germination
2088:Cultivation
2038:epicatechin
1907:Lauric acid
1827:Crude fiber
1783:Composition
1724:Woodworking
1572:agua fresca
1513:masala chai
1078:Thiamine (B
754:Philippines
627:indehiscent
423:Description
397:woodworking
306:Mattei 1908
217:Amherstieae
203:Subfamily:
151:Angiosperms
7059:Categories
6876:Tamarindus
6774:Tamarindus
6744:Tamarindus
6662:Plant List
6059:Birch beer
6054:Birch bark
6011:Spruce gum
5994:akpeteshie
5984:Palm sugar
5954:Gum arabic
5944:Date sugar
5894:Turpentine
5774:Sandalwood
5677:Eucalyptus
5672:Eucalyptol
5561:Brazil nut
5436:Bay bolete
5290:Strawberry
5245:Cocoa bean
5240:Breadfruit
5230:Blackberry
5204:tree fruit
5102:Marination
5097:Herbal tea
5059:Australian
5055:By region
5030:Yuzu koshō
5020:Thuna paha
4960:Persillade
4713:Tonka bean
4649:Poppy seed
4557:Dried lime
4480:Fingerroot
4395:New Mexico
4303:Asafoetida
4135:Lemon balm
4093:Hoja santa
4073:Curry leaf
3846:August 19,
3764:"Tamarind"
3460:"Tamarind"
2975:Tamarind:
2869:0854328599
2675:Butienzorg
2497:"Tamarind"
2164:References
2137:Tamil Nadu
2082:kaempferol
1978:19.6–27.0
1973:Oleic acid
1898:Fatty acid
1698:malic acid
1565:palm sugar
1549:sayur asem
1312:Phosphorus
1005:Methionine
985:Tryptophan
813:indigenous
797:guamúchili
703:Lusosphere
692:Marco Polo
688:tamarindus
684:tamar indi
678:, "Indian
676:tamr hindi
590:Tamarindus
370:Tamarindus
358:leguminous
322:Hook. 1851
298:Speg. 1916
290:Speg. 1916
228:Tamarindus
18:Tamarindus
6845:FloraBase
6759:Q14566708
6449:200012330
6423:200012330
6405:FloraBase
6178:gardening
6138:Thatching
5989:Palm wine
5834:Birch tar
5762:Sal-seed
5687:Japan wax
5640:Candlenut
5581:Malva nut
5546:Areca nut
5467:Matsutake
5423:Mushrooms
5364:root beer
5354:Sassafras
5342:Sago palm
5285:Raspberry
5270:Jackfruit
5235:Blueberry
5187:Wild game
5112:Spice rub
5107:Seasoning
5074:Pakistani
4905:Idli podi
4876:Gochujang
4826:Crab boil
4743:Yuzu zest
4674:Sassafras
4562:Liquorice
4468:Fenugreek
4405:Cultivars
3733:April 14,
3672:T. indica
3628:250989489
3304:277203364
3218:"Tsampoy"
3078:March 29,
3038:March 29,
2909:March 28,
2414:March 27,
2387:The Hindu
2282:CRC Press
2129:Telangana
2125:Karnataka
2094:scarified
2070:myricetin
2042:quercetin
2034:catechins
1989:7.5–55.4
1967:4.0–22.3
1956:3.7–12.2
1934:8.7–14.8
1838:Total ash
1789:De-oiled
1714:asem kawa
1561:gula asem
1325:Potassium
1299:Magnesium
1218:Vitamin K
1205:Vitamin E
1192:Vitamin C
1162:Folate (B
1146:Vitamin B
1112:Niacin (B
1068:Vitamin A
931:Saturated
734:asam jawa
730:Indonesia
707:tamarindo
696:tamarandi
694:wrote of
673:romanized
659:Etymology
487:heartwood
468:pinnately
460:evergreen
391:and as a
374:monotypic
241:Species:
121:Kingdom:
62:Tamarind
7029:40009822
7024:Tropicos
6753:Wikidata
6719:13033329
6714:Tropicos
6667:ild-1720
6566:2.160349
6540:62020997
6514:10164848
6501:520167-1
6277:Wikidata
6231:Category
6047:textiles
5879:Pine tar
5844:Creosote
5794:Tea-tree
5789:Tea-seed
5757:Pongamia
5747:Phulwara
5732:Nagkesar
5727:Murumuru
5702:Kpangnan
5650:Carnauba
5591:Pine nut
5576:Hazelnut
5566:Cinnamon
5551:Bay leaf
5541:Allspice
5463:(reishi)
5295:Tamarind
5260:Gambooge
5220:Bilberry
5051:Culinary
5025:Vadouvan
5000:Shichimi
4898:Húng lìu
4718:Turmeric
4703:Tamarind
4552:Korarima
4485:Galangal
4453:Deulkkae
4412:Cinnamon
4390:Jalapeño
4380:Chipotle
4328:Cardamom
4281:Allspice
4248:Woodruff
4238:Tarragon
4203:Rosemary
4168:Marjoram
4130:Lavender
4125:Kkaennip
4063:Culantro
4047:Bolivian
3996:Bay leaf
3968:Angelica
3793:July 17,
3710:26683054
3655:17416567
3620:35869755
3585:15685942
3541:17369543
3419:19963055
3355:July 22,
3280:(2009).
2957:June 21,
2951:Archived
2947:30844154
2903:Archived
2893:(2024).
2780:(1987).
2663:(1913).
2580:July 22,
2475:DAWN.COM
2329:—(GRIN)
2320:Cavaraea
2251:and the
2078:apigenin
2026:Lupanone
2007:Research
2000:2.8–5.6
1945:4.4–6.6
1872:linoleic
1860:Moisture
1786:Original
1754:Buddhist
1742:spalting
1730:Rumphius
1694:laxative
1690:poultice
1532:sinigang
1485:chutneys
1474:HP Sauce
1461:pickling
1440:Culinary
1394:Quantity
1338:Selenium
1246:Quantity
1240:Minerals
1156:0.066 mg
1140:0.143 mg
1123:1.938 mg
1106:0.152 mg
1089:0.428 mg
1041:Quantity
1035:Vitamins
804:Taxonomy
788:Fabaceae
766:Filipino
762:sampaloc
758:sampalok
738:Javanese
732:call it
669:تمر هندي
413:tropical
378:Fabaceae
348:Tamarind
287:Cavaraea
278:Synonyms
197:Fabaceae
193:Family:
164:Eudicots
98:IUCN 3.1
6941:1384407
6902:2975767
6628:1492126
6587:NTFlora
6548:MoBotPF
6462:2975768
6366:Ecocrop
6242:Commons
6157:Related
6121:Tanbark
6116:Shellac
6106:Quinine
6079:Gambier
5999:ogogoro
5899:Varnish
5864:Lacquer
5854:Gamboge
5839:Camphor
5829:Benzoin
5739: (
5645:Capuacu
5630:Babassu
5596:Vanilla
5507:Truffle
5492:Red cap
5461:Lingzhi
5250:Coconut
5225:Binukaw
5200:Berries
5035:Za'atar
4930:Mitmita
4881:Harissa
4796:Berbere
4786:Baharat
4753:Zereshk
4748:Zedoary
4728:Vanilla
4691:huājiāo
4664:Saffron
4654:Radhuni
4634:Paprika
4619:Njangsa
4614:Nigella
4592:Mustard
4490:greater
4400:Tabasco
4375:Cayenne
4355:Charoli
4323:Caraway
4318:Camphor
4286:Amchoor
4198:Perilla
4193:Parsley
4188:Oregano
4183:Mitsuba
4178:Mugwort
4103:giấp cá
4083:Epazote
4054:rau răm
4020:Chervil
3917:. 1914.
3701:4683930
3684:: 438.
3264:4118651
2511:June 4,
2481:June 4,
2455:June 4,
2050:extract
1997:(C18:3)
1975:(C18:1)
1964:(C24:0)
1953:(C20:0)
1942:(C18:0)
1931:(C16:0)
1923:tr-0.4
1920:(C14:0)
1912:tr-0.3
1909:(C12:0)
1874:46.5%,
1805:Protein
1766:tarnish
1758:Myanmar
1611:
1596:called
1583:Nigeria
1557:es asem
1501:Chigali
1493:chutney
1489:sharbat
1419:; entry
1403:31.40 g
1280:0.86 mg
1260:Calcium
1179:Choline
1009:0.014 g
999:0.139 g
989:0.018 g
971:Protein
955:0.059 g
945:0.181 g
935:0.272 g
774:Cebuano
654:History
641:⁄
527:racemes
491:sapwood
441:foliage
356:) is a
271:L. 1753
223:Genus:
213:Tribe:
187:Fabales
183:Order:
125:Plantae
96: (
37:Tamarix
29:Tamarin
7100:Spices
6998:PLANTS
6990:237875
6974:NZOR:
6889:132253
6863:132253
6785:195308
6782:APDB:
6675:PLANTS
6641:812370
6615:198966
6599:NZOR:
6553:280489
6384:639027
6316:APDB:
6306:AoFP:
6283:Q80235
6165:Dehesa
6126:tannin
6111:Rattan
6074:Forage
6037:edible
6032:Bamboo
6027:Amadou
6006:Rubber
5927:Chicle
5869:Mastic
5821:Resins
5804:Ucuuba
5799:Tucuma
5784:Tamanu
5741:kernel
5712:Mafura
5682:Illipe
5635:Bacuri
5586:Nutmeg
5530:spices
5255:Durian
5215:Banana
5069:Indian
4886:Hawaij
4841:Douchi
4816:Chaunk
4781:Advieh
4776:Adjika
4768:Blends
4738:Wasabi
4679:Sesame
4624:Nutmeg
4587:Mahleb
4582:Mastic
4517:Golpar
4507:Ginger
4502:Garlic
4495:lesser
4463:Fennel
4360:Chenpi
4340:Cassia
4271:Ajwain
4266:Aonori
4258:Spices
4233:Sorrel
4218:Savory
4163:Lovage
4110:Hyssop
4037:Cicely
4025:Chives
4015:Borage
4003:tejpat
3914:
3784:
3708:
3698:
3653:
3626:
3618:
3583:
3539:
3492:
3417:
3382:PROSEA
3327:
3302:
3292:
3262:
3200:
3135:
3109:
2986:
2945:
2935:
2866:
2836:
2790:
2724:
2638:
2364:
2292:
2255:. 2013
2221:Speg.
2135:, and
2044:, and
2030:lupeol
1986:(18:2)
1878:27.2%,
1822:55.0%
1811:19.0%
1738:krises
1704:, and
1678:sizing
1579:Sokoto
1520:Levant
1509:Koddel
1497:samosa
1452:, and
1371:0.1 mg
1351:Sodium
1345:1.3 μg
1332:628 mg
1319:113 mg
1293:2.8 mg
1273:Copper
1225:2.8 μg
1212:0.1 mg
1199:3.5 mg
1186:8.6 mg
995:Lysine
887:Sugars
880:62.5 g
857:Energy
818:Dhofar
770:sambag
768:, and
746:sukaer
744:, and
690:, and
665:Arabic
630:legume
539:blooms
535:sepals
483:timber
476:pruned
385:fruits
177:Rosids
7003:TAMAR
6967:58859
6954:26979
6936:IRMNG
6928:62855
6915:11854
6871:FoAO2
6850:21532
6837:1TAMG
6824:75882
6798:79940
6706:331-1
6701:SANBI
6680:TAIN2
6579:58860
6527:26980
6509:IRMNG
6488:62844
6475:36219
6431:FoAO2
6397:TAMIN
6358:54M92
6332:79967
6319:63570
6094:henna
6069:Ferns
6020:Other
5969:Latex
5889:Rosin
5884:Pitch
5874:Myrrh
5859:Kauri
5717:Mahua
5707:Kusum
5697:Kombo
5692:Kokum
5614:waxes
5571:Clove
5477:Morel
5411:Ramps
5347:queen
5322:Betel
5314:roots
5175:Honey
5044:Lists
5010:Tajin
5005:Tabil
4846:Duqqa
4806:Buknu
4723:Uzazi
4698:Sumac
4684:Shiso
4607:white
4602:brown
4597:black
4547:Kokum
4432:Cumin
4427:Cubeb
4417:Clove
4365:Chili
4333:black
4291:Anise
4243:Thyme
4228:Shiso
4115:Jimbu
4068:Cress
4010:Boldo
3989:Lemon
3974:Basil
3959:Herbs
3624:S2CID
3440:(9).
3260:JSTOR
2877:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2817:–436.
2574:(PDF)
2322:Speg"
2109:ASEAN
2074:morin
1876:oleic
1855:0.3%
1844:3.4%
1833:1.1%
1819:51.0%
1800:0.6%
1671:testa
1505:rasam
1400:Water
1358:28 mg
1306:92 mg
1267:74 mg
1173:14 μg
1072:30 IU
978:2.8 g
924:0.6 g
901:5.1 g
750:Timor
728:like
719:tamón
613:Fruit
472:trunk
453:sandy
433:crown
171:Clade
158:Clade
145:Clade
132:Clade
7011:POWO
6962:NCBI
6949:ITIS
6910:GRIN
6897:GBIF
6832:EPPO
6811:7S9Q
6793:APNI
6688:POWO
6649:PfaF
6623:OBIS
6592:1003
6574:NCBI
6535:IUCN
6522:ITIS
6496:IPNI
6470:GRIN
6457:GBIF
6410:3677
6392:EPPO
6371:2047
6340:ATRF
6327:APNI
6309:1775
6101:Peat
6084:Moss
6064:Cork
5964:Kino
5752:Pilu
5737:Palm
5525:Nuts
5180:pine
5170:Furs
4758:Zest
4659:Rose
4473:blue
4296:star
4213:Sage
4173:Mint
4088:Hemp
4078:Dill
3984:Thai
3979:Holy
3848:2011
3817:2016
3795:2008
3782:ISBN
3735:2018
3706:PMID
3651:PMID
3616:PMID
3581:PMID
3537:PMID
3490:ISBN
3471:2016
3415:PMID
3357:2022
3325:ISBN
3300:OCLC
3290:ISBN
3229:2021
3198:ISBN
3179:2023
3133:ISBN
3107:ISBN
3080:2024
3040:2024
3015:2015
2984:ISBN
2959:2024
2943:PMID
2933:ISBN
2911:2024
2864:ISBN
2834:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2757:(7).
2722:ISBN
2701:2021
2636:ISBN
2609:2010
2582:2012
2513:2017
2483:2017
2457:2017
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