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they were only speaking to one frame of mind, and they were only seeking the truth so long as they were seeking their frame of mind. give it up. Kuhn's contribution is just so easy. Your field might be interesting and you might think that it seeks the metaphysical imperatives that denote the truth, but Kuhn wants to argue that it is not so easy. this coming from someone trained in science in the academy. at any rate, this is opinion, and has nothing to do with the biography of the person. if you disagree with kuhn's ideas without citation, then you need to take it somewhere else. probably among other scientists who believe they and they only have access to the truth regardless of any other interceding context. but hey, who has ever lived their life not believing this at one point or time? however, the main point is, this is criticism, or maybe opinion, not anything to do with wiki. peace.
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individual "converts" (I saw one way, now I see another) but after they gain traction the full "shift" on the community level is less dramatic (textbooks said one thing, now they say another). But that's just my speculation. In any case, whether or not such an activity is actually a description of change in science, or only a heuristic for thinking about scientific change, is still rather contentious... --
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1686:"While compelling, Kuhn's theory has an inherent flaw, for if it is in fact taken as "true," it is merely a product of its paradigm and nothing more, therefore rendering it meaningless as anything more than "just" a theory (the problem of reflexivity). Also, taking the theory as true would imply that truth exists in the universe, an idea against which Kuhn argued."
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chemistry certainly are, however, areas that rely on statistical time series and panel comparisons such as macroeconomics and climate change are doomed to end up in endless opinion debate, for one reason they rely on incomplete data, incomplete model specifications (almost by definition) and incomplete analysis for the preceding reasons.
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philosophers were not satisfied with gestalt switch and demanded a philosophy of language. In the 1980's Kuhn attempted to formulate (and reformulate and re-reformulate) such a linguistic analysis. But in my view never succeeded, and I know of no one who wrote that he had succeeded. So, one may reasonably ask: Which Kuhn?
2554:— I propose that this article is moved (i.e. named changed) to just Thomas Kuhn. He is refered to as Kuhn, T. S. Kuhn and Thomas Kuhn, but not by his full name. Of course his full name would still appear in the first sentence in bold as per usual. I will make the move within a few days if not contested --
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The section of this article directed towards to
Polanyi-Kuhn debate says that both individuals' work made science "relativistic". Kuhn himself objected to the idea that science is relativistic and widely refuted claims that his writing indicated it to be so. This is particularly evident in the 1969
2067:, who had developed independently a view of the history of scientific change similar to Kuhn's.) Thus, they do not consider science as isolated from society as they argue that Kuhn does. In contrast to Kuhn, Althusser's conception of science is that it is cumulative, even though this cumulativity is
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It does both depending on how people use it. Kuhn was not very exacting in his use of terms or his explanation of them, hence the famous "he uses a million definitions of 'paradigm' and none of them are consistent" claim. I think he would probably say that it happens first at an individual level with
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was considered quite radical because of the inter-related concepts of incommensurability and "world change". While the exact meaning of these terms as Kuhn uses them is subject to some debate, this article might better establish the relevance and importance of SSR by incorporating a brief description
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I agree with comment on Kuhn v. Popper in the debate. where is the criticism of
Kuhnian philosophy in this article. Where is the discussion of subjective v. objective science. Some areas of science are arguably not capable of being subjected to rigorous scientific classification; physics/physical
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I often say that Kuhn and Popper were to
Science what Einstein was to Physics. My impression is that they were revolutionary in theoretical scientific thinking, and by now; changed our way of looking at the world. Yet when I read the lead section I want to yawn. Do I over-value them? They are merely
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I'm of the opinion if someone uses ranking words such as 'best', 'worst' and 'most' they need to cite sources for these claims. Although getting sales figures can be problematic (Bookscan is expensive) and measuring the importance of a fact by sheer number of references in literature and on the web
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Do you actually read scientific literature? It is mind-boggling that you cite physics and physical chemistry and then come up with climate change as a contrast, which is essentially traceable directly to the laws of thermodynamics and a bunch of physical constants. Pretty much all proper scientific
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I am a little confused by the assertion that "Kuhn believed that scientists' subjective experiences made science a relativistic discipline", against the preceding section's assertion that "Kuhn himself denied the accusation of relativism in the third edition of SSR". I don't know enough about Kuhn
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I do not understand why
Knowledge article on Kuhn shows the book of Alexander Bird (with Kuhn's photo on it) instead of Kuhn's photo alone? Such an approach is, first of all, highly biased towards one (for some philosophers, not very convincing) interpretation of Kuhn. Second, it promotes this very
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is Kuhn's best-known work, but I still think it would be a good idea to cite sources regarding the relative importance of his books and essays. After all, if it's true that one of his books is obviously more important than the others, then there should be no shortage of references supporting that
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You should know that criticism and opinion are answers to different questions and criticism has everything to do with a wiki. An encyclopedia page on an academic should ideally include a criticism section, especially if the person had widely discussed views on science and philosophy. Karl Popper's
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give me a break. scientists all over will want to dispute his terms because they want to believe that what they're doing is not a matter of revolution but a matter of accretion. they want to believe that they are tending towards the truth. Kuhn's major contribution was to tell these people that
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Yes, "paradigm shift" seems to describe what happens to the individual scientist (i.e., she experiences a paradigm shift) rather than what happens at a disciplinary level (e.g. Einsteinian paradigm replacing the
Newtonian paradigm). Out of sensitivity to this distinction we might consider changing
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among paradigms, meaning that science from one paradigm cannot have a greater or lesser truth-value than science from another. The act of science to Kuhn was no more than problem solving within a paradigm, and each successive paradigm led not to more verisimilitude ("truth-likeness"), but instead
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Perhaps I'm wrong but I think wiki policy suggests that "without citation is probably true," is not sufficient for grounds for removal, nor its consideration. However this is not true should it be reasonably challenged. I am certain that is true for the lead section. I'm also certain about that
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I dislike the photograph of Kuhn used in the article. There appears to be something wrong with it. Looking carefully, it appears that to the left of Kuhn's face there is a transparent outline of his face. I have no idea whether that was caused by a photography error or not, but in any case, that
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the old (and often incommensurable) one. The idea that the old paradigm shifts over a bit to the right to become the new paradigm is contradicted by the incommensurability thesis. Paradigm change, yes. Gestalt switch, yes. Shift of perception, yes. But "paradigm shift" tends too much towards the
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As I understand it, this is a mix of ideas actually found in Kuhn (incommensurability, epistemological rejection of a provable Truth), unfounded extrapolation (the implication that change of paradigm cannot represent progress), and a suggestive but insubstantial remark (yes, there is probably a
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Hi, In the article it says: "Kuhn was an agnostic." but in the
Infobox at the right it says he's a Judaist. Could you at least just add the fact that he was agnostic in his adultery times. I don't edit the articles because I'm not registered and don't know if I edit them, admins will get angry
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Of course, there are/will be people who disagree with Kuhn and say that they don't see history in his way. But to put this into the article would be to point out another person's view, and not to point out anything about Kuhn (analogous to inserting a "Conservative" section into the "Liberal"
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Shouldn't the piece mention that Kuhn's idea of scientific revolutions is far from being accepted by many working scientists? (Including me!) There is at least as much evidence that science progresses by evolution, not revolution, except for "the" scientific revolution of the 17th century.
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including a footnote (P. 167) indicating personal correspondence between Hanson and Kuhn apparently before publication of SSR. But I think Hanson was an early influence. Kuhn revised his ideas over the years, including such central ideas as paradigm and incommensurability, because academic
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As you say, it does seem a bit of an odd phrase, implying something quite different from Kuhn's actual theory. In context, it's about scientists with different paradigms not being able to even communicate until one group has converted, because they live in different worlds (i.e. the
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Thank you very much! This is a minor annoyance of mine; the phrase is frequently attributed to Kuhn but I have yet to see an actual instance of him using it. I suspect he never does -- the whole idea behind the resolution of a period of extraordinary science is that the new paradigm
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Again, this engages material that probably belongs in the article, but it belongs there better expressed and with appropriate citation, as views of scholars, not of the "narrator". As I said, it's 25 years since I read much of Kuhn, so I'm probably not the one to write it. --
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I found a reference to Hanson on page 113 of the 3rd edn: "N.R. Hanson, in particular, has used gestalt demonstrations to elaborate some of the same consequences of scientific belief that concern me here." But that's all he says on that page..
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The closest I can find is "paradigm-induced gestalt shift" (p. 120, 3rd ed.). He frequently mentions perceptual shifts and paradigm changes, and gradually equates the latter with the former, but I couldn't find the actual phrase in a quick
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So, I guess what I'm asking is -- are there grounds for highlighting Hanson above all these others? Is this an actor attribution or an analyst one? I think this should be made more clear if we're talking about his philosophical influences.
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merely perpetuated the field of science. According to Kuhn, theories in in the next paradigm, whether it begins in five years or five-hundred years, will be no more truth-like than the theories we have now; they will, in fact, be
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would be a great addition to the book article. There have been a lot of people who have criticized Kuhn's views on the basis that you can't see the discrete changes he claims exist when you look at the historical record closely.
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I also noticed that "The Death of Truth: Thomas S. Kuhn and the
Evolution of Ideas" from the same author - most probably the same book (?), supposedly published by Oxford University Press, USA (February 28, 2006) - compare
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is Kuhn's best known and most influential work. This is like asking for citation that George
Washington is best known for being a general and president, or that Lizzie Borden is best known for killing her parents. -
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is something for when humans have digitized all known works and an AI has been evolved to be able to number all the references to an item. Until then I've been using Google hits, Alexa numbers and other sources.
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Hear, hear! It would so refreshing to have a biography article that just limned the views of the prominent individuals, for a change. I could do without the usual puritannical "corrections" by the "wise"guys.
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Using Google, "Thomas Kuhn" returns "about 1,670,000 results" while "Thomas S. Kuhn" returns "about 377,000 results". Thus "Thomas Kuhn" is his more common name, so the article currently has the proper title. •
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though doesn't turn him up once. In the preface, Kuhn explicitly lists only the following people as his intellectual influences for the book (his lists a few other people for helping him edit drafts, including
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There is no problem with adding material about his life; it just needs to be sourced from a written biography or newspapers or interviews. That anonymous user added it all without citing a single source.
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Yes, agreed it is an interesting link. Please note that I reverted your first attempt to add it as I got a circular link to the Kuhn article and thought (wrongly) that it was vandalism. I've re-added it.
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Good call. I've replaced the redirect with a stub. If no one else gets around to writing the article in the next month or so, I'll dig out my copy of Kuhn and try to write something useful. --
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I imagine that the recently added material about family, added anonymously without citation, is probably true, but I'd be a lot more comfortable if it were verified by a registered user. --
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1824:: that, in short, is why there are punctuations in paradigm change. Yet there is no mention of it here. Incommensurability is required before this article can be considered complete. --
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Anyone knows what happened to the new biography "Reluctant
Revolutionary: The Life and Ideas of Thomas S. Kuhn" by Keay Davidson that was supposed to come out 2005 (four years ago)?
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seems to me to be well-intentioned, but based on a poor reading of Kuhn. I read him mostly over 25 years ago, so I am not the best one to address this. I'm going to drop a note at
1773:, is probably closer to the point than the deconstructionists, although I think Foucault had a more pessimistic view of the possibility, or at least the likelihood, of progress.)
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This article says "Kuhn interviewed and taped Danish physicist Niels Bohr the day before Bohr's death. The recording contains the last words of Niels Bohr caught on tape.."
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I believe that (Norwood Russell) Hanson's influence is in Kuhn's use of the idea of gestalt switch as a basis for incommensurability. I found Hanson referenced in
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is terrible and should be deleted. The main theory of one of the most influential philosophers of the last 50 years refuted in two sentences? I don't think so.
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What reason do you have to believe that this wasn't the last interview? People don't do interviews that often, especially when they're on their deathbed...--
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If Barack Obama was publishing books under the style "Barack Hussein Obama II" your comparison would be relevant to what I'm suggesting. And if not, not.
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No title question much matters; but we should get them right all the same. It is not useful to have readers wonder if they are reading the right article.
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interpretation as the "standard" one - again highly unreflected approach. Thirdly, I am very surprised that this issue hasn't been brought up before :-/
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There is a redirect, so it doesn't much matter. Just remember that if you do the move, clean up the other redirects so we don't get double redirects. -
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p150, 1996 3rd edition paperback - "...one group or the other must experience the conversion that we have been calling a paradigm shift". --
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research relies on "statistical time series and panel comparisons", because it's the only way to establish an observation is not a fluke. --
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These ideas of a lack of an absolute truth to be gathered from the world via empirical observations spurred the thoughts of many postmodern
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The article currently makes it sound like Norris Hanson was a huge and major influence on Kuhn's work. My skimming through the footnotes of
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be included, e.g. Primack in "The View from the Center of the Universe" (Riverhead 2006), as similar criticisms are in other articles.
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I am surprised a Criticism section has not so far been introduced in this article. Popper's page has a fairly large one, for example.
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OK, I've cut that, and also the rest of the addition. For the record, here is the rest of it. There may be something worth salvaging.
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I agree. It's a reading of Kuhn which speaks less about what he said than what about some people interpretted him to be saying. --
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the article. The "periodic revolutions" which science goes through are not "paradigm shifts", as the article claims. Thoughts?
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The words of the introduction are very strongly positive and biased relative to people that think about science in general.
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the ongoing discussions.
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on the question of using "Religion: None" vs. "Religion: None (atheist)" in the infobox on this and other similar pages.
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to clear up the apparent contradiction (or maybe there is no contradiction and I just fail reading comprehension :) ).
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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
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Because of his great obscurity in the scientific world, neither a sufficient criticism nor rebuttal has been made.
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2703:. There's no DAB page, no other notable claimants to the name have emerged as of yet, so it's a no-brainer IMO.
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Just to redate this for when it was actually listed. The discussion is stale, but in my opinion still valid.
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should be started, or the link here should be removed and the term sufficiently explained in this article. --
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I removed the following paragraph from the "Structure of Scientific Revolutions" section of this article:
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image with that flaw certainly should not be in the article. Could someone find a better image of Kuhn?
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theory spinners or "claim"-makers who deeply influenced some scientists back in the sixties? (...Kinda
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But there seems to be no reference to Polanyi in the second edition of TSSR, nor indeed in the first.
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This claim that the interview occurred the day before Bohr died is not consistent with other sources.
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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
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In the case of Kuhn, he is primarily known for his books, and they consistently use the style
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I suggest deletion. That sort of thing belongs in an obituary, not an encyclopaedia article.
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How did Kuhn's ideas post 1970s relate to the quantitative revolution in physical geography?
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I shifted a lot of text - the bit that was just about the book - from this entry to
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partial temperamental relationship to the deconstructionalists, but less than to
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I completely agree. From a historical perspective, the philosophy laid out in
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connotation of cumulativity and linear progression that Kuhn sought to deny.
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The article currently claims in the alleged 'Polanyi-Kuhn Debate' section:
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Most scietists have never heard of Thomas Kuhn, his work, or his ideas.
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I'm the guy who requested the citation. I never had any doubt that that
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http://www.amazon.com/Death-Truth-Thomas-Evolution-Ideas/dp/0195144325
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article on him simply begins "American historian of science noted for
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In the autobiographical interview conducted in 1995, and published in
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Kuhn's work is required reading of many Physics Bachelor programs --
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Thus I flag the claim for provision of a quotation citing Polanyi. --
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I think you can assume that we all understand how redirection works
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891:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the subject of
238:. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the
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In the interest of NPOV, documented criticisms of Kuhn's position
2987:
is certainly similar, but not identical and not binding; to have
2957:
is a redirect. Either way they'll arrive to the article. I found
1765:; if we want to go to Continental Philosophy for our comparison,
1501:", which also fails to discuss the term, but probably should. --
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1628:(SSR) on page 113, and found two references to Hanson in Kuhn's
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1145:
2405:
http://www.johnemackinstitute.org/center/center_news.asp?id=241
1632:, Pp 34 and 293. And I found eight references in the index to
863:
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2075:) whereas Kuhn considers various paradigms as incommensurable.
1838:
of these controversial concepts. I will perform an edit ASAP.
1526:, but I don't think that's likely the same thing meant here):
2620:
per Skomorokh. I was just about to propose the same thing. ~
2037:
In France, Kuhn's conception of science has been related to
2889:
The form of his name which he used on his publications was
2440:
Not true that Kuhn interviewed Bohr the day before he died?
2346:, which is now included in standard editions of the book.
335:
296:
2980:
is the more relevant policy, but inconclusive in this case
2109:
I think a section on published responses by scientists to
1464:
greater wisdom of the founders and stewards of Knowledge.
120:, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the
2270:
as "one of the most cited academic books of all time". -
1415:
named Khun other than his CV and work. Compare to say;
3295:
Mid-importance biography (science and academia) articles
2800:
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/oct2011/kuhn-o28.shtml
2499:
The following discussion is an archived discussion of a
2204:
page, for example, has a fairly long Criticism section.
1599:
The two most consistently mentioned influences, through
780:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the
3049:?) So Kuhn's ideas really didn't change anything !?
2063:. (Foucault, in fact, was most directly influenced by
2720:
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a
2055:, although both are more concerned by the historical
2959:
Mos:names#Pseudonyms.2C_stage names and common names
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1411:
Meanwhile this article has almost nothing about the
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2893:, so that would seem to be a better article title.
2849:Relativism under the heading "Polanyi-Kuhn debate"
1798:I have added this section as per the tasks note at
1488:
3290:C-Class biography (science and academia) articles
2223:The "Kuhn hates Muslims" stuff really has to go.
2079:I did so because this article is about Kuhn, not
1941:"incommensurability of competing paradigms"). --
3480:Low-importance University of California articles
3390:C-Class United States articles of Low-importance
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2991:as his article name would certainly not be wrong
2908:I disagree. One of our most popular articles is
2657:He was not generally known by three names, like
3370:Mid-importance Contemporary philosophy articles
3056:says the lead should be self-contained, while
2599:I support the proposal, as Thomas Kuhn is the
2452:http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4517_1.html
2266:should cite adequately for this. It refers to
1878:Could someone please point me to a passage in
1262:. So I've shifted the Talk: text from here to
1103:Knowledge:WikiProject University of California
3485:WikiProject University of California articles
3340:Mid-importance philosophy of science articles
2916:redirects to it, not the other way around. •
2792:Added an external link of interest on Kuhn's
2457:Bohr's date of death according to Knowledge (
1882:where Kuhn uses the phrase "paradigm shift"?
1264:Talk: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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127:History of Science Collaboration of the Month
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3475:C-Class University of California articles
3345:Philosophy of science task force articles
2516:page moved per consensus, redirects fixed
112:, an attempt to improve and organize the
3365:C-Class Contemporary philosophy articles
3300:Science and academia work group articles
3054:Knowledge:Manual of Style (lead section)
136:Knowledge:WikiProject History of Science
3360:Analytic philosophy task force articles
3280:WikiProject History of Science articles
3124:Editing Religion Section of The Infobox
2794:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
2310:fact. The sources above look great. -
2289:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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2111:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1260:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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1965:Maybe not. I just read the article on
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1717:Kuhn also stressed the importance of
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2085:Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1626:Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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609:Knowledge:WikiProject United States
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2131:article). Catch my meaning?--
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1208:Knowledge:WikiProject Judaism
1202:and see a list of open tasks.
1097:and see a list of open tasks.
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2300:22:58, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
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2045:corresponding to Foucault's
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2870:The anon user was me, btw.
2763:16:18, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
2148:D A Patriarche, BSc (talk)
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1848:Kuhn and physical geography
1769:, especially in the era of
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2415:- never became available.
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3173:Please help us determine
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2261:The entry on Kuhn in the
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2057:conditions of possibility
2008:20:13, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
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3129:because of me. Thanks!
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2434:22:01, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
2233:Odd request for citation
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2136:19:47, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
1818:The Road Since Structure
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1419:. ...see men, not gods.
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2240:asks for citation that
2073:"epistemological break"
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2368:So where is Polanyi ?
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3198:Nidhishunnikrishnan
3058:technically correct
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2641:appears to be the
2601:commonly-used name
2548:Thomas Samuel Kuhn
2059:of the scientific
1931:Oh, snap. Thanks!
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1984:
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1982:
1981:
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1967:Paradigm_shift
1963:
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1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Hélène Metzger
1538:
1536:Emile Meyerson
1533:
1514:
1511:
1499:paradigm shift
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1433:Doug Bashford
1420:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:Thanks! :-) —
1347:
1346:
1331:normal science
1327:normal science
1322:
1321:Normal science
1319:
1293:
1275:
1272:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
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1241:
1238:
1237:
1230:Low-importance
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1200:the discussion
1187:
1186:
1183:Judaism portal
1170:
1158:
1157:
1155:Low‑importance
1149:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1125:Low-importance
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1095:the discussion
1081:
1069:
1068:
1066:Low‑importance
1060:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1036:Low-importance
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
989:
988:
972:
960:
959:
957:Low‑importance
951:
939:
938:
935:
934:
927:Low-importance
923:
917:
916:
914:
897:the discussion
884:
883:
880:History portal
867:
855:
854:
852:Low‑importance
846:
834:
833:
830:
829:
822:Low-importance
818:
812:
811:
809:
792:the discussion
773:
772:
756:
744:
743:
741:Low‑importance
735:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:Low-importance
706:
705:
689:
679:
678:
675:Low-importance
666:
665:
649:
639:
638:
631:Low-importance
627:
621:
620:
618:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
579:
577:Template Usage
573:
561:
560:
544:
532:
531:
529:Low‑importance
513:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
487:
477:
476:
471:
461:
460:
455:
445:
444:
439:
429:
428:
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424:
418:
417:
409:
408:
401:Mid-importance
397:
391:
390:
388:
356:
355:
339:
327:
326:
324:Mid‑importance
300:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:Mid-importance
270:
260:
259:
257:
223:
222:
206:
194:
193:
182:
170:
169:
166:
165:
154:
148:
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145:
105:
104:
88:
76:
75:
67:
55:
54:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3507:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
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3458:
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3428:
3426:
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3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
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3388:
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3378:
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3371:
3368:
3366:
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3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
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3343:
3341:
3338:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
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3318:
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3313:
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3308:
3306:
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3301:
3298:
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3219:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3189:
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3180:
3176:
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3162:
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3153:
3148:
3146:
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3138:
3134:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3064:71.137.156.36
3059:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:WP:COMMONNAME
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:Beyond My Ken
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2602:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:149.43.218.10
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2426:84.174.67.234
2423:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:76.98.161.156
2170:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2069:discontinuous
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2041:(with Kuhn's
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2009:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1868:
1866:) 21 Jan 2006
1865:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1703:) 27 Oct 2005
1702:
1698:
1697:69.86.231.227
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1645:
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1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1478:Doug Bashford
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:71.137.156.36
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:Cover Picture
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:
986:
975:
973:
970:
966:
965:
961:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:
932:
928:
922:
919:
918:
915:
898:
894:
890:
889:
881:
870:
868:
865:
861:
860:
856:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
827:
823:
817:
814:
813:
810:
793:
789:
788:
783:
779:
778:
770:
759:
757:
754:
750:
749:
745:
739:
736:
733:
729:
728:
716:
713:(assessed as
712:
711:
703:
692:
685:
681:
680:
676:
673:(assessed as
672:
671:
663:
652:
645:
641:
640:
636:
632:
626:
623:
622:
619:
606:United States
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:
580:
578:
575:
574:
571:
567:
566:
558:
547:
545:
542:
538:
537:
533:
526:
522:
521:Massachusetts
517:
516:United States
514:
511:
507:
506:
491:
483:
479:
478:
475:
467:
463:
462:
459:
451:
447:
446:
443:
435:
431:
430:
427:
425:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
353:
342:
340:
337:
333:
332:
328:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
301:
298:
294:
293:
281:
278:(assessed as
277:
276:
266:
262:
261:
258:
241:
240:documentation
237:
233:
229:
228:
220:
209:
207:
204:
200:
199:
195:
191:
186:
183:
180:
176:
175:
163:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
129:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
102:
91:
89:
86:
82:
81:
77:
71:
68:
65:
61:
60:
56:
52:
46:
38:
37:
27:
23:
18:
17:
3214:
3195:
3172:
3165:
3163:
3157:There is an
3156:
3137:5.202.141.29
3131:— Preceding
3127:
3106:91.67.245.87
3057:
3051:
3043:
2910:Barack Obama
2888:
2856:— Preceding
2852:
2833:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2755:78.33.219.37
2746:
2743:
2740:
2726:
2719:
2700:
2683:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2617:
2598:
2546:
2532:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2498:
2492:Article move
2456:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2418:Any ideas?
2417:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2343:
2340:
2306:
2304:
2288:
2285:Britannica's
2284:
2267:
2262:
2241:
2236:
2225:Agent Cooper
2222:
2202:
2164:
2160:
2143:
2104:
2100:
2080:
2078:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2024:
1904:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1860:82.1.150.181
1851:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1797:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1751:Wittgenstein
1688:
1685:
1682:
1651:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1609:Ludwik Fleck
1598:
1580:
1571:Ludwik Fleck
1566:W.V.O. Quine
1551:A.O. Lovejoy
1518:
1516:
1492:
1423:69.110.91.50
1412:
1366:
1324:
1277:
1268:David Gerard
1257:
1249:
1229:
1189:
1124:
1084:
1035:
991:
926:
886:
821:
785:
775:
708:
668:
630:
594:Project Talk
582:
563:
442:Philosophers
400:
368:
358:
320:Contemporary
308:Philosophers
273:
225:
157:
125:
118:project page
107:
51:WikiProjects
34:
3083:Danleywolfe
2985:Vijay Pande
2951:Vijay Pande
2943:Vijay Pande
2836:36hourblock
2805:36hourblock
2749:—Preceding
2643:common name
2639:Thomas Kuhn
2552:Thomas Kuhn
2535:Vegaswikian
2478:Heyitspeter
2420:—Preceding
2354:148.61.13.4
2348:—Preceding
2259:Presumably
2167:—Preceding
2133:Heyitspeter
2116:Fastfission
2005:Fastfission
1854:—Preceding
1794:Peer Review
1691:—Preceding
1675:Fastfission
1613:Jean Piaget
1593:Fastfission
1584:Fastfission
1556:Jean Piaget
1296:—Preceding
702:Ohio portal
3234:Categories
2647:TorriTorri
2607:Skomorokh
2588:PMAnderson
2291:(1962)" -
1561:B.L. Whorf
1524:Feyerabend
1387:Paulromney
1011:New Jersey
1006:discussion
998:New Jersey
954:New Jersey
797:California
787:California
782:U.S. state
738:California
376:Philosophy
365:philosophy
303:Philosophy
122:discussion
3179:Guy Macon
3175:consensus
3047:Tim Leary
2312:Sushi Tax
2238:This edit
2165:-justin
2087:article.
2065:Bachelard
2061:discourse
1519:Structure
245:Biography
185:Biography
39:is rated
3133:unsigned
3019:Jesse V.
2963:Jesse V.
2918:Jesse V.
2872:Jobriath
2858:unsigned
2751:unsigned
2422:unsigned
2350:unsigned
2283:Oh, and
2169:unsigned
2048:episteme
2043:paradigm
2029:Foucault
1905:replaces
1895:ragesoss
1856:unsigned
1826:JTBurman
1804:JTBurman
1693:unsigned
1639:Thickey3
1617:JTBurman
1395:contribs
1383:unsigned
1310:contribs
1302:RenuRenu
1298:unsigned
1281:RenuRenu
316:Analytic
3218:Zarenon
2771:Alatari
2705:Andrewa
2701:Support
2684:Support
2655:Support
2635:Support
2618:Support
2520:ukexpat
2383:Logicus
2323:Alatari
1893:skim.--
1761:in his
1753:in his
1439:Alatari
1266:too. -
1232:on the
1205:Judaism
1196:Judaism
1152:Judaism
1127:on the
1038:on the
929:on the
902:History
893:History
849:History
824:on the
633:on the
403:on the
312:Science
160:on the
41:C-class
2821:Sunray
2671:Edison
2571:Jmabel
2556:Tom dl
2293:Jmabel
2272:Jmabel
2247:Jmabel
2190:NaySay
2144:should
2051:) and
1781:Jmabel
1661:Jmabel
1607:, are
1503:Jmabel
1369:Jmabel
1363:family
1343:Jmabel
599:Alerts
47:scale.
2665:, or
2219:Islam
2125:Eh...
1659:. --
1354:Timwi
1335:Timwi
1291:Renu
28:This
3222:talk
3202:talk
3183:talk
3141:talk
3110:talk
3087:talk
3068:talk
3004:talk
2941:OK.
2933:talk
2899:talk
2876:talk
2866:talk
2840:talk
2825:talk
2809:talk
2775:talk
2759:talk
2709:talk
2692:talk
2675:talk
2645:. --
2626:talk
2575:Talk
2560:talk
2539:talk
2524:talk
2482:talk
2467:talk
2430:talk
2407:.
2387:talk
2358:talk
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