Talk:Canadian English/Archive 3

4889:

variances between speech tempo and meter. Oftentimes words are said with different emphasis, but there is also a different speed. She noted that, outside of Torontonians, a lot of Canadians speak a hair slower, which can make the entire pronunciation of certain words markedly different. Right now, we're in the American Mid-West, which has a different region speech pattern than, say, Buffalo, but, overall, the meter of the words is roughly the same so the pronunciation itself doesn't differ all that much. On the other hand, when living in Hamilton, Ontario, one can hear the variation between that and Buffalo clearly if one listens carefully to what is said. In addition, I have personally found it helpful in the past to consider the position of the tongue and the passage of air through the vocal chords, nose, and mouth in the changes in speech. For instance, French is a very nasal language, where German is guttural, and English is spoken much with the teeth and the tip of the tongue. If one accepts these facts, then areas with a higher ratio of individuals with a Germanic background will have a slightly deeper, more throaty vocal pattern, and areas with a high percentage of French influence will have a more nasal twang to their voices. Further, in areas with a high English (read: from the UK) history will have a slightly faster, a touch more clipped, mode of speech. (GeoffreyR - 0306, 17 February, 2015)

1000:

piece of furniture. Furthermore, the use of "chesterfield" is exceedingly rare and is at best used only as a form of humorous imitation of some posh British dialect or accent. I concede to the possibility that this is only the case in Alberta, but having lived in Ontario for nine years and having frequently visited British Colombia I can also attest to the same practically absent usage of "chesterfield" in those locations as well. The first reference used for the statement in the article links to a blank search page at the Oxford University Press website, which is obviously quite useless as a source, and the second reference lists a definition from an American online dictionary. While the latter in itself may be a credible source generally speaking, it is written from an American point of view and for an American readership, which does not lend itself to credibility as a source of information on Canadian English (as in the case of the presumed constant usage of "eh" or universal pronunciation of about as "a-boot"). I would ask that this statement be revised so as to place emphasis on its previous common usage and the modern replacements of "couch" and "sofa" for all generations.

3068:. One of my other teachers was an older female (maybe in her forties), and she had an ash that was more retracted than mine in many words as well. However, she had a noticeably thick Southern accent. It is almost like unsuccessful code-switching (or successfully sounding like a Canadian or Californian with certain words; however you want to look at it). Maybe it is an incorrect approximation of the General American vowel. She seems to be kind of an anomaly, though, because I usually don't hear a retracted ash in older North American speakers. Maybe a retracted ash is common in the speech of young people across the nation (with the notable exception of the Inland North), as opposed to just Californians. I sometimes hear it in the South (especially in the large urban centers), and the Midwest as well. OK, time to take a breath. 4073:. Everyone seems to forget the Midland. I guess it's because there are relatively few people there. My mom's about 50 years old and I think she's completely merged. But then again, women do tend to be ahead of everyone else (you know, all the other sexes) when it comes to these changes. I see having a cot-caught merger as a generic American accent. In other words if a particular speaker doesn't "pick up" the features of his or her local dialect for whatever reason, he or she will have a cot-caught merger in his or her idiolect. This is true for many Southerners. I'm not sure if it's always true, though. What annoys me a bit is that I have read that linguists can't agree on what defines General American. In my opinion, what defines General American is the following: 1. Merging 1990:

difference in phonetic transcriptions. I thought you could use either one at any time. I already listened to that sound file, and I was astonished at how much different her speech sounds from my speech. It sounds a bit strange to me. Since I have never been to California, I wouldn't know how people there sound. It's funny to think that people there don't think they have accents (I know everyone has an accent, but I think you now what I mean). Anyway, I assume the reason you selected a speaker from California was to show the similarity of Californian and Canadian speech. I shall try my best on this "analysis" with the limited linguistic knowledge I possess. It certainly will not be as "professional" as yours.

3475:

gang, the expansion of the ppm is particularly marked in OK, KS, MO, Southern IN; speakers with the merger are scattered throughout the country, although very few of them are in the North--and those who are, are African-Americans. In California, Bakersfield seems to be completely merged; San Francisco, L.A. and San Diego seem to resist the merger (African American speakers aside); in Sacramento, pin and pen are distinct but close. The TELSUR also has 3 merged speakers in CO (out of 14) and 4 in NE (out of 19); only 6 Nebraskans, however, make a clear pin-pen distinction. As for Canada, we have 2 speakers in Nova Scotia who pronounce or perceive

953:

borrowings from Slavic and Germanic for words for grandpa and grandma and so on, at least in BC (Oma, Bumpa, Nana...); certain food words I'd think are close enough that milk/melk is a natural enough thing to pick up around the house, from your parents or grandparents or the rest of the community; even if you're not Dutch or Danish, for instance, but most everyone else is...if this is supposed to be somewhere east of the Great Lakes, other than Little Denmark in BC, my theory's blown out of the water of course....another probable Scandinavia inheritance is the use of "hey" (

76:

not, but they are used and accepted as "good English". The words are: CDN-'priorize',USA-prioritize, e.g. "It is wise to priorize your goals."; CDN-'liase', USA-act as liaison, e.g. "Part of your new role will be to liase with the local Aborginal Community." and finally, CDN-'second'[accent on last syllable, USA-no equivalent word but if there was it would mean "to loan an employee to another site, usually within the same government organization" The noun is 'secondment', as in "I am on (a) secondment to this office for 8 months, to help with the Anderson project".

1121:- Yeah.. I grew up in Calgary in the 70's (with parents from Vancouver Island) and we ALWAYS said chesterfield (pronounced 'CHES-ter-filled" - though also understood couch to mean the same thing. "Hey Mom, the dog's been hiding bones in the chesterfield cushions again". We never used "sofa" - I thought a sofa was one of those things that I now realise is commonly called a "chaise lounge". On a side note, I wonder if these anecdotal stories are helpful from a scientific point of view. Sometimes it's the exceptions that prove the point. - strat 4318:

want to know so I can try to make sense out of your vowels. This stuff is so interesting to me. Phonetics is fascinating. How did you find the phonetic values of your own vowels? Did you use a spectrogram? Or do you just have really good ears? Because I have a difficult time differentiating between certain vowels such as and , and and . I have so many things I want to ask you; that's why I digress so much. For contrast, I'll do the best that I can on my own vowels with my limited linguistic knowledge. This should be fun!:

4152:, it's usually around . In general, he doesn't tend to show significant ash-retraction before nasals, but AFAICT most Canadians tend to raise it a little bit more than he does, or to give it some kind of twist , while he doesn't. Actually, some teenagers in Ontario do show a lowered ash even before nasals in some environments, but this appears to be confined to a specific age-group, and perhaps to a specific social context. I do believe I have a source for that; if I find it, I'll put it in the article. 2958:

U.S., it's a relatively recent innovation and 2) the quality of the merged vowel in the U.S. doesn't leave enough space for the retraction of the front vowels. This being said, it's not surprising that, on different sides of an international border, accents tend to develop independently of each other--to put it another way, an international border is often, if not usually, an isogloss. (More often than not, when you cross an international border you find a different language!) However, the retraction of

2145: 2127: 2107: 2139: 2133: 2113: 3675:

accent might be on the first (to me). "Is it a default setting?" could have a differnt accent, even with the same person; and in the same context but with a different rhythm, also potentially from the same person (me) What's the default?". "he is defaulting" (as in a loan) seems invariably to be on teh second syllable, unless there's an emphasis reason of some kidn to stress the first; and so on. And yeah, I'm not sxure it's Canuckistan-specific either - whichever it is.

4082:

Vowel Shift (if such a thing exists or if such a thing is restricted to the borders of California). 3. Canadian raising of /aɪ/ is acceptable, but no Canadian raising of /aʊ/ is allowed. 4. Rhoticity 5. Lacking any other distinct regional features such as the monophthongization of /aʊ/ in western PA (it would take forever to list them all here, but at least I know what I mean). 6. Man, I didn't realize how difficult this list was going to be, I'm going to stop now. :)

5250:, are now widespread in English but are of Canadian origin (i.e. in tersm of English usage) and would seem appropriate to mention here; not sure of the wording. Anorak seems used differently in Canada than the US, though - not sure, but the Canadian meaning of a head-opening-only-and-with-a-hood all-weather pullover garment isn't the same south of the border; I've seen it used for things that are more like just akicoat (and near-invariably made from Goretex). " 3046:. When I said "in reaction to the Northern cities shift", I was just referring to the first part of the Northern cities shift. As you know, the Canadian ash is even further from the Great Lakes ash than the General American ash is from the Great Lakes ash. That's why I thought that. The Canadians wanted to get as far as possible from that awful American sound across the border. I am glad you said, "I personally have heard people with lower-than-normal 2436:) from American students quite often. But, I sometimes observed the opposite. Perhaps the distinction is determined less by the 49th parallel and more by an east-west divide. Along these same lines, one notes that Canadian medical practitioners often use long vowels regarding body parts, latin medical terms, and chemical names, while their American counterparts use short vowels for same. For example, many Canadian physicians pronounce 1100:"Chesterfield" was quite commonly used when I was a kid in 70s Ontario like BNL. The use of terms like "couch" and "sofa" are more popular now even among my peers and I suspect the influence of national and American tv's lack of use of chesterfield and popularity of use of couch and sofa plays the greatest part of this shift. I'm sure that I saw a study on the use of the word about 15 years ago but no clue where now. 5216:

common in other parts of Canada but in BC it sounds hokey - "logger" is the preferred usage (also common in the adjoining parts of the US, at least within the industry although folkd culture still uses "lumberjack"....things have never ben the same since Monty Python, but it was never in use in BC anyway - other than in "Lumberjack's Breakfast" (which you'll see as "Logger's Breakfast" also, but that sounds a bit

1295:

Streets which alternately endorsed one pronounciation over the other, and older people who still said 'zee'. I don't know for certain, I'm hardly a linguist. And the leftenant thing is strange, because the only people I know who say it that way are either political, military or media, and the only reason they say it that way is official government policy on pronounciation having drilled it into them.

4598:. If you pronounce your r's with your tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, then the sound you make is a "postalveolar approximant" . If the tip of the tongue is curled back, than it's a "retroflex approximant" . However, you can also produce a -like sound by just humping up the body of your tongue instead of curling back the tongue tip--that's what many speakers actually do. 2046:

distribution pattern is. Also, the Canadian ash has considerable allophonic variation; for example, it is somewhat higher before /n/ and /m/, although not as high as in certain U.S. accents--there's some regional variation too on this one; it's higher before /t/ than it is before /d/ and /s/, and this may be surprising--indeed, it may even be centralized before /s/; before

403:"aboot", but somewhere between the American "out", "ite", "ote", and "oot". Trust me, the Candian pronunciation of "about" sounds peculiar to American ears, and is usually a dead giveaway that someone is Canadian. However, I have noticed that some people from Eastern Virginia in the U.S. pronounce "about" similiarly to Canadians (listen to Pat Robertson for an example). 3950:, which used to be common] are subsiding among young Southern whites. A few younger speakers from, e.g., Texas, who show the LOT/THOUGHT merger have TRAP shifted toward , but this retraction is not yet as common as in some non-Southern regions (e.g. California and Canada), though it is increasing in parts of the Midwest on the margins of the South (e.g., Central Ohio). 3304:), but even then, the vowel he uses in that word is phonetically different from the vowel I would use. I can here the difference between the Canadian /ɑ/ and the General American /ɑ/ (at least in his case). I know, Jack, that I told you that I find myself fronting that vowel at times, but that is often intentional. I do that to sound different from the 4069:. What kind of questions are you talking about? You can write as much OR as you want. If I am going to trust anyone's OR, it would be yours. I think it is really fun to talk about this stuff because it will be interesting to see what happens to North American English in the future. Oh yeah, and don't forget the Midland when you talk about the 527:"aboot" is a regionalized Ontario pronunciation AFAIK. Some parallels will be heard in Nfld and the maritimes. If you're suggesting a 3 syllable pronunciation "a-buh-oot", Can't localize that, the common pronunciation is "a-bowt" with the ow sounding like the exclamation when your hurt yourself, but very clipped, i.e., shorter time to say. 2591:

course, short for "afternoon". The reason this is so important is because an American would never shorten words like these. Words like these are useful shibboleths. Don't get me wrong, Americans love to shorten things. We just never shorten certain words that Canadians like to shorten. I would like to find a list of these words.

4808:

hearing our vowels pronounced in a certain way. Seemingly slight differences matter sometimes. It's amazing what one vowel can tell us. One question I was going to ask you earlier is why do you code-switch? For fun? To relate to others from different regions? I could definitely believe that Seattle has a fronted

2897:

the Northern cities shift across the border. I don't know if someone has already thought of this or not or if it is even possible, but I thought I would say it while I have your attention. I realize that is off-topic, but I wanted to know what you thought about it. I am not even sure of which vowel I use in

1171:

probably exist, but citing them is difficult as linguists and newzies ignore local culture/identity in Canada in favour of telling us we're all hosers etc. Unless there's a specfic cite of keener or hoser being used by Saskatchewanians as unique identifiers of Saskatchewanian speech, theyshould be dropped.

4943:

Review your basic Phonology 101 course: Television has no influence on our accents. Because we basically don't talk with TV sets. People from Buffalo, Chicago, Detroit, etc. are generally convinced that they have a TV-like accent, but they quite obviously don't. We do talk with each other however,

3439:

Also, Jack, just because someone has a pin-pen merger doesn't mean that person sounds Southern. My pronunciation of the merged pin-pen vowel sounds nothing like the Southern pronunciation. A Southerner would pronounce them both as or even . I pronounce them both as a pure . That's why I don't think

1294:

I'm not sure that there remains much of a "stigmatization" of the use of zee in Canada, really. Or perhaps it is more of a growing acceptance. I know for myself, I use 'zee' all the time and no one says boo about it. Maybe it has something to do with people around my age growing up on a mix of Sesame

1136:

As for slang in general, I have never heard "rubber" being used with the meaning "eraser". I've never heard "tin" on it's own to describe a can. Long or otherwise. Tin can, I have heard. As for "eh?" On my trips to the States, I found that Americans say it much more frequently than anyone around here

999:

As a Canadian from Alberta I am a bit puzzled at the section that states that a chesterfield is "a common term for any couch or sofa in Canada." I protest this given my own personal experience, as "couch" (followed closely by "sofa") is by far and a way the most universal term used to denote the said

572:

Of course, “aboot” is an exaggeration. However, when I moved to Toronto in the mid-1970s, it really sounded almost like that to my American ears. I notice this less and less now. I also noticed that Bloor, as in the Toronto street, was often pronounced back then to sound like “blur”. Imagine my luck

443:

As an Albertan, I still haven't heard anyone locally say aboot. Most people I've spoken to think of it as an American thing actually. Over here it usually sounds like "ab-awt" or "ub-out" although I've considered they might have heard "aboot" from someone with a French or Maritimes accent? I've found

82:

Nor did I see the term 'offsales' to refer to bottled (unopened) alcohol (usually beer) available at pubs on a "to go" basis. One might say,"The Beer and Wine store just closed, but we can grab a 'half-sack' (means six-pack) of offsales at the Pub". Damn, if we'd made the Beer and Wine Store, I would

4894:

I think you're right. I'm not sure if I could find a source for this, but I think many North American regional accents are merging into a more standardized accent due to television and mobility in both countries, so I don't think it's just a Canadian thing. Might be good to try to find a source that

4807:

I've just been trying to figure out why I can sometimes tell when someone is Canadian even if they never utter a shibboleth. So I was trying to pinpoint which sounds let my brain know that a Canadian ain't from 'round here. As you know, Americans mostly communicate with each other, so were used to

4552:

in much of Ontario. This other user also added, "This shift also triggers nasalization of the diphthong in the vicinity of nasal consonants; consider the Ontario pronunciation of "nine times" (with nasalized /ɒɪ/ in both words — sorry, I can't see any way to write a tilde over these IPA symbols)".

4317:

I guess you have better ears than I do. I will say, though, that that kid sounds extremely Canadian to me for some reason. Maybe it was the tone of his voice or something, I don't know. How do you know all this, Jack? Do you mind telling me where you're from (or which dialect you speak)? I just

3760:

I am not a linguist, but I've always found curious the fact that in Toronto, many declarative sentences are pronounced with a rising voice, making them sound like a question. To me, it sounds as if people are being defensive, as if they are not sure of themselves when they make the utterance. I have

3674:

I think it depends on sentence/phrase rhythm/position, and sometimes on whether it's a noun, adjective or verb, and how it's conjugated/declined. "he's gonna default", even slangily, might have the accent on the second, no? As a stand-alone question, not in teh course of a conversation, maybe the

3388:. My personal experience tells me that this merger is very widespread now, even among educated speakers who don't think they have accents, as if such a thing were possible. I'm from the Midwest, and most people would say I have no accent, but I have the pin-pen merger. I think it sounds unnatural 3255:

I wonder if the phonemic transcription shouldn't just have the unrounded vowel. I hear Canadians use the unrounded counterpart more often than the rounded one despite context. Also, I hear some Americans round the merged vowel, especially in the Midland and northwest. I doubt there's much difference

1507:

As an Albertan I frequently use "the vendor's" -- many people (presumably not born and raised here) have no idea what I am talking about. Liquor Store (pron. licker store) seems to be most common, even for stores that are primarily beer stores. I sometimes also hear "Offsales" for beer/liquor stores

4985:

I'll tell you what--this factor is much more prevalent here in North America than in Great Britain, or Europe, FTM. An example: Once upon a time in Europe, as I talked with my European colleagues about American vs. European sports, they found the concept of franchise relocation just inconceivable,

4081:

as something close to (but definitely not as , because that's what it is in Boston, and not , because that's what it is in Pittsburgh) 2. Lacking any vowel shift in one's speech; This includes the NCVS, the Southern Vowel Shift, the Canadian Vowel Shift (if such a thing exists), and the California

3846:

I forget the source, but I will try to find it. These dialects I mentioned are more closely related to Canadian English than to other English dialects. More example, American English dialects to not form a valid genetic unit of English. Some dialects came from the English of the various settlers

3063:

at times, even though the region I am from has no features of the NCVS. Also one of my teachers retracts his ash in many (if not all) environments, and he has lived in South Carolina his entire life (he is a younger male). In fact, I thought he was from California or Canada when I first heard him

2045:

To simplify somewhat, yes, kind of. However, everybody knew that the Canadian ash was relatively open in quality way before somebody coined the phrase "Canadian shift"; in fact, it's not quite clear what this Canadian shift really is in the first place, or how many speakers possess it, or what its

1170:

there's a regular shtick where the regular cast (including Shaun Pajandrum or whatever his name is) put on macs and toques and do the Bill'n'Ted thing with thick Maritimes vs Hamilton accents, as if they were representative Saskatchewanians. So I agree with your objections; actual Saskatchewanisms

1143:

I understand that it's possible these are used more elsewhere in Canada, in small towns, or among older residents, but I'd suggest some sort of acknowledgement on the page that some of these may be extremely out of date. Like I said, my entire life has been spent in Saskatchewan, and I haven't even

622:

I have noticed the further west one goes in Canada, the more people tend to differentiate less between when one is supposed to pronounce a word 'the' or 'thee'. For instance: The ocean, is normally promounced 'thee ocean', but go out west and you hear 'the ocean' with the clumsy clipped 'the'. This

388:

But, as far as "about" and "again"... I'm not sure what you mean. Especially with "again"? As far as "about" is concerned, I reeeally hope you don't mean canadians saying it, "aboot". Because, in addition to being canadian myself, I've yet to meet a canadian from Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario,

371:

Could someone please add some real-world examples for non-linguists (e.g, "/u/ is fronted after coronals", etc.) What do these things mean? What is tense? What is a velar stop? This article would be a lot more accessible with some examples that an average high school student could understand. Also,

177:

A few disagreements with the words above (I was born and raised in Florida and California, and in Minnesota for the past 18 years). I've never heard the term "InSinkErator" - usually referred to as a "Garbage Disposal". However, I believe there is a company called "Insinkerator" that manufactures

75:

I am a dual US/Canadian citizen and have lived back and forth across the border for the last 35 years. There are several words(verbs)heard often among office workers of BC's Lower mainland, but never in the several western states I've lived in. I'm not sure if the these fit in the slang category or

4601:

As for FLEECE and PRIZE, let's compare the F1/F2 means for the TELSUR speakers from Canada against those from the Inland North, the Midland, the West, and the Mid-Atlantic region (centered on Philly). Remember that, roughly speaking, the first formant is proportional to the openness of the vowel,

3522:

I know this might sound arrogant of me, but I disagree with some of those findings. The problem with TELSUR is, the only way to really tell if someone has a pin-pen merger or not is to "catch" that person in unconscious speech, if you will. Because I know people are much more likely to pronounce

2896:

I don't know if you want to end this discussion or not (because it is hard to convey tone over the internet if you haven't realized), but I have some more questions and thoughts. First of all, I have an idea about the so-called Canadian vowel shift. I was thinking that maybe it is in reaction to

1340:

section 6.7.2 contains this sentence: "The initialism LC (Liquor Commission) refers to a government-operated liquor store." This is probably only in one province of just a few. It's LBS in Sask, and sometimes euphemized to "Little Book Store". Someone please add the detail for the LC please, or

1165:

You've been "Corner Gassed", by which I mean assumptions/impositions about Saskatchewanian Canadians as defined/imagined by Torontonian Canadians apply; the use of shinny, hoser, keener etc are explicitly Ontarian by usage and meaning but we're all expected to have them applied to us (I'm from BC,

666:

I'm a newcomer to Canada (having lived in the U.S. before this) and find that "these ones" (often in combination with pointing out just which ones are meant) seems common in lower British Columbia, at least in speech. (In the U.S., my experience is that this locution is rarely used except by very

536:

No, "aboot" is not a region Ontario pronunciation at all. It is simply an exaggeration of what people that speak dialects that do not possess Canadian raising (e.g. the nucleus of diphthongs are raised before consonants such as p, t, k, f, s, th, ch, sh) hear when they hear a word such as "about"

470:

I have noticed that most Canadians pronounce "herb" with a silent "h", but do so believing that this is the British pronunciation, while it is actually American. Similarly, as far as I can tell, most Canadians seem to pronounce the first syllable of "envelope" and "envoy" as the Americans do (i.e.

402:

Perhaps as a Canadian you cannot hear the difference between the American and Canadian pronunciation of "about" (and other "out" words), but all I need to do is watch CBC for about 2 minutes to hear several examples of it (it seems particularly pronounced in Ontario). It doesn't sound exactly like

5215:

Two different items; one is "upcountry" which I'm pretty sure is BC-only but very common; pretty much means going anywhere outside of the South Coast, more usually the Interior, maybe not for hte regular lexicon section but for hte BC subsecton only; "lumberjack" wanted to comment on, as it seems

3543:

North?), but my brother, my mother, and I all have a pin-pen merger, and we have lived most of our lives in the Midland region. We're not black either (It doesn't matter to me, I just had to mention it since you said that they're the only ones who have the ppm in "the North"). Now if you don't

2957:

The cause of the Canadian shift (provided that such a thing exists) is the cot-caught merger. You might wonder, why don't U.S. speakers with the cot-caught merger have the Canadian shift? Because 1) the c-c merger has existed in Canada for several generations, while in the Western and Midwestern

1591:

Along the lines of the "t" thing - in words like "cotton" and "kitten" we seem to pronounce it with the glottal stop often found in the Estuary English (cockney-like dialect)of London (where water becomes something like "wo'ah"). So in Canada, cotton becomes very close to "caw'in" - but with a

1585:

Something I would like to note about Tomato - I didn't realise my pronunciation of it till I moved to England. The letter "t" in a canadian accent, in the middle of a word, is often pronounced "d" - so tomato.. becomes "tomado".. butter becomes "budder".. water becomes "wadder". - this doesn't

1273:

That's fine for other authors to do that in their "own" work, but Knowledge is a collaboration based on concensus. I just thought the abbreviations looked unprofessional and were unwarranted, that's all, no biggie. I suppose I am already a regular user of sorts, as I do make edits to Knowledge at

31:

I think it is great to see this page coming together with proper academic sources, linguistic analyses, etc. Clearly a group of dedicated people spent a lot of time making this happen, and if I have the *right* to congratulate you (obligatory nod to self-effacing Canadian politesse), then I do. I

5037:

Also, franchise relocation in sports; we definately do not get or like it, over here a sports team (or more specifically a football team) can come to represent the city or region it is located and was founded in, the teams supporters and often the local identity and accent of those people (think

3474:

Yes, but I know a lot of Southerners who don't talk with a drawl and still have the pin-pen merger. That aside, just because you have the ppm doesn't mean you're a Southerner, no doubt about it; but if you DON'T have the ppm, then you definitely are not a Southerner! According to Labov and his

2590:

A very important part of the Canadian lexicon that isn't mentioned in this article is their shortening of some words. Canadians sometimes say things like, "What's the diff?" instead of, "What's the difference?". I have also heard, "I'm going to hang out with my friends this aft." "Aft" is, of

1989:

care about how words actually sound. That's all that matters! Other than that, thank you for the free education. I am only seventeen and will soon have to pay thousands of dollars in order to learn things like that. I did not know that whether one used brackets or slashes made that much of a

1825:

To simplify somewhat, the more rounded is your short "o," the lower and more retracted is your ash (short a). If your "short o" is fully unrounded, your "short a" _must_ remain higher than ; if your "short o" is fully rounded, your "short a" may even be further back than , and this may trigger a

865:

Actually that is not really the Canadian shift. /mIlk/ and /mElk/ exist side by side as variations on the pronunciation of "milk" all throughout North America (even in places without the Canadian or California vowel shift). It's similar to the catch vs. ketch for "catch", or route vs. root for

587:

Just thought I'd chime in about "envelope". I'm American, and I pronounce the "en" in envelope the same way as in "enter", Not "entree." It depends on what part of the country you're from, and how elitist you wish to sound. Also, "aboot" is a dead givaway of a canadian accent for Americans.

4888:

I'm a Canadian born (Toronto raised) lad that married an American lass and she brought to my attention that part of the difference in dialect between what is known as Canadian English vs what is known as American English (without regards to regional speech patterns) tends to indicate some large

3087:

A major difference between Canadian English and American English is that Canadians usually pronounce kilometre as "kih-low-meter" instead of the American "kih-lom-meter". I have no idea how to present this using the format establishing. Could someone please add that to the phonemic differences

3987:--in Florida and South Jersey). The cot-caught merger is taking over the West and is probably spreading in the South too; in parts of the North Central area (Western MN and the Dakotas), it is apparently being realized in low central position--and this of course raises a lot of questions... 952:

is an influence from the Scandinavian and Dutch language inheritance; i.e. depending on which are you're talking about I'd say this is household-learning thing; I've heard it in the Fraser Valley and I think my Dad (Norw.) kinda said it (though he didn't have an accent). Certainly there are

453:

No it's not really "aboot"--that's just an exaggeration. Many Canadians pronounce "about" as (the nucleus of the diphthong is "uh"), whereas in most regions of the US, (the Southwest for example), about has the same diphthong as in "ow". Most Canadians pronounce the start of the diphthong

4523:

is a better version of that map (on page 30). Presumably it was a mistake that part of Upstate New York and part of the UP were included as part of Canada, as you'll notice that one part of Mexico is included as part of the West and another part of Mexico is included as part of the South.

471:

with a nasal sound like the French word "en") in the belief that this is the British pronunciation (although the British pronounce it with a short e sound rhyming with "ten"). Is there a linguistic term for a conscious preference in pronunciation which is based on a misunderstanding? Graves

200:

I have to agree regarding garbage disposals. My relatives living in the U.S. (in this case, Ohio and Kentucky), say “garbage disposal.” While in Toronto, where I have lived since 1975, I often hear all three of the following, in order of frequency: “garburator” (said as if to rhyme with

2319:

I don't think the current article does units of measure justice, and I'm exactly sure how comments are blanking scentences so I have both technichal and social reasons to be nervous about editing. But I think the more information should be here about Canada's mixed system, especially in

3037:

As usual, almost everything you say makes sense. The only thing I don't understand is how "the quality of the merged vowel in the U.S. doesn't leave enough space for the retraction of the front vowels." I am able to retract my ash and still keep the same vowel I use now in words like

2327:

When talking about grocery bills young Canadians still measure produce in pounds, and the price per pound is usually in larger print then the price per kilogram, however bulk bins usually advertise the price per 100g. Butter is also sold and talked of in pounds(listed as 454g,

602:

I first learned of the different Canadian/American pronunciations of "about" in England. The manager of a youth hostel in Arundel used it to distinguish Canadians from Americans. He easily picked me out as Canadian, although I still find the discrimination baffling to my ear.

1802:) is generally a low back vowel with more lip rounding than in GenAm, and it's often regarded as , although it's not quite the same as the British ; the degree of roundedness may vary from speaker to speaker--and even the usage of a single speaker may vary; indeed, the phoneme 3054:

from all over the U.S." That brings up an interesting subject for me. I find that sometimes people far away from regions with a particular vowel shift will have at least parts of that vowel shift in their speech. For example, I find myself fronting the vowel I use in

1657:

is pronounced "tomatto" by some Canadians because it is pronounced "tomahto" in England, and (simply put) English English "tomahto" is more similar to "tomatto" than "tomotto" as pronounced by a Canadian, if you factor in the foreign origin of the word (remember that

3776:

You would have to find a source in order for it to be included rather than just personal experience. I do know what you're talking about though, and the same thing has happened on the west coast of the U.S. (especially in California) and more with women than men.

3581: 3440:

of the pin-pen merger as a Southern thing necessarily. Just having a pin-pen merger won't make you sound Southern. It's your pronunciation of the merged vowel that makes a difference. This is just another example of when phonetics play an important role. :)

1137:

does. So I don't really understand how it's a "distinctive" Canadian phrase. Not to mention my friend in England says that it's used there to the extent that stereotypes of Canadians use it. Tuques rarely have pompoms on the top. (Unless you're 10 and a girl)

2454:(\'es-trə-jən\). Now, this is just my obervation from accompanying my Canadian partner to medical conferences. Some American doctors reading this might say my obervation of their short vowels is incorrect. (See also the Canadian physician’s pronunciation of 3627: 113:

Slang varies from region to region, and era to era. In a day or so I am going to removed any unsourced slang words. Please find a citation for words to be kept discussing its meaning in relation to Canadian English, not simply a citation using the word(per

4593:

To me, General Canadian and General American NURSE sound pretty much the same. Or rather, there are differences even within GenAm, although they are largely unnoticed. For example, there are several possible articulations for the sound we perceive as

3589: 883:

Well, I think we can still say it's part of the Canadian shift. It is a characteristic of the Canadian shift. It's just that it's not only part of that shift. We would say that it is common in other North American chain shifts and sound systems, too.

1461:

As an Ontarian, I always differentiate between LCBO as the store and LLBO as the licensing authority. i.e. you buy bottles at the LCBO but the restaurant is licensed by the LLBO. I notice that that careful distinction is not kept by others though.

5529:

Demanding a citation on not "sitting" exams is like demanding a citation for the fact that the sun rises. As someone else pointed out on this page, how do you find (and why would you need) a citation for something which is obvious from everyday

4944:

and mobility (both physical and social) is indeed a major leveling factor. Many Americans and Canadians move around a lot; these people are systematically ignored by dialectologists like Labov (and were not represented in the TELSUR survey.)

4002:

I forgot to say that younger speakers in Western PA are now retracting TRAP as they increasingly diphthongize MOUTH; I believe I read that in a paper by Corrine McCarthy--the linguist who appeared on the Nick Digilio show, referenced in the

3256:

between Canadian /ɑ/ and General/Western American /ɑ/. All else being equal, the Canadian vowel seems more similar to the American than the British one regardless of context, so maybe it should be transcribed the same as the American one.

3141:

pronunciation was more in fashion before the metric system was instituted and followed the pronunciations of measuring instruments like thermometer, hydrometer, etc. I rarely hear it anymore amongst Ontarians but do hear it from Americans.

1830:). In accents with the father-bother merger (and even more so in accents with the cot-caught merger AND the father-bother merger), the "short o" and the "short a" are bound together, and the phonetic value of either depends on the other. 3415:

Do you think the pin/pen merger has been exaggerated at all? The reason that I ask is that I know these are pronounced differently (and I do), but even when I'm concentrating, they sound pretty much the same when I'm speaking quickly.

1764:) in all varieties of NAmEng--namely, the so-called short "o." *Regardless* of how this vowel comes out of your mouth. A symbol representing a phoneme is always placed between slashes or virgules; the short "o" can be transcribed as 3200:--it doesn't really matter, because and are allophones of the same phoneme; many (most?) Canadians actually use both of them, depending on the phonetic environment. For example, the same speaker may have (or even ) before and ( 2124:. To my Southern Ohio and South Eastern Kentucky-trained ears this was very confusing, since I would never have imagined pronouncing “aw” and a short “o” the same. Almost without fail, when a classmate would be referring to Dawn ( 3813:

Well, it can't possibly be Canadian English if it is spoken in the United States. The term Canadian English refers to any English that is spoken within Canada, and nowhere else. Some people in the places you mentioned might have

2962:(the first stage of the shift, and the only noticeable change in my opinion) is more advanced in B.C. than in Ontario--that is, it's more advanced in a region that is many miles away from the U.S. Inland North. And the raising of 420:

as "a gain" is common in Canada, but I don't know if it's more common than a-GEN. In Britain, "a gain" is also common, but most Britons say a-GEN. That aside, yes, you are totally right. The section on pronunciation is obscure.

4839:

It'd be great to know how to cite something you simply hear day in, day out, as some hoser's gone and tagged a couple sentences as cite needed. Here's my experience. I've never, nor have any of the folks I've been to school with,

4573:

doesn't sound quite the same. Once again, I can't explain; I just believe my ears. Maybe it has something to do with the averaged F1/F2 means chart that Jack so helpfully added, but that still doesn't explain the difference in

4986:

and they wanted me to explain it to them. This is one of the reasons why there is more regional variation in Britain than in North America--the primary reason being their 1200-year head start in dialect formation, of course...

3615: 776:

I remember watching a documentary a few years ago on Canadian English that had a segment on the unique accents the anglophone Jewish and Italian communities had in Montreal. Does anyone have any information on these dialects?

4947:

That said, television may have a powerful influence on our grammar and vocabulary, and (to an extent) our "phonemic incidence" (e.g., EEconomic vs. EKKonomic, EE-ther vs. EYE-ther, etc.). But not on how our words "sound"!

1030:. The article also states that this word is "largely in decline." According to the NARVS (Boberg 2006), it's most common in ON (excluding Toronto), BC, and NF, and it's fairly rare in QC and the prairie provinces, where 444:

pronunciations out West usually sound the same as midwestern American English... A lot of people over here like to laugh at American stereotypes about Canadians, but the whole "aboot" thing has always been a mystery.

406:

When I hear a Candian (excluding my mother from New Brunswick) say the word "again" (or against), it sounds much closer to the British pronunciation than the American pronunciation (i.e., a-GAYN (Canadian) vs. a-GEN

1053:

It's my understanding that this is a word from a generation or two ago, and more in certain regions than others. I grew up in BC, and my Montrealer mother, in addition to other people, use the word chesterfield.

83:

have grabbed a 'flat'"- ( aka a'two-four') 24 cans or bottles of beer. "Quit 'grousing' (complaining)-a 24 would cost big 'coin' (money). Let's just grab the half-sack and go watch some 'peelers'(aka strippers).

2250:...Canada as a whole, excluding the Atlantic Provinces, is aligned with a large part of the north-central United States in the organization of short-a words. While most of North America shows more raising before 3847:

who left the British Isles at different times. Although, there are some Sprachbund features of American. Still, back to Canadian, parts of the Upper Peninsula do speak a dialect related to Canadian English.

3340:

If you want to sound different from Southerners, your best bet is to avoid the pin-pen merger. Granted, this merger is now found all over the country--and it's increasingly common. Sigh. I do believe that

3872:. Also I don't think the F2 values of the vowels in the UP are quite the same as those of the Canadian vowels. Nor do people in the UP have quite the same lexicon as an authentic Canadian. Nor would they 2710:) is or ; in NYC and Philly and some other areas, it may also be rounded: . In Canadian speech, as a matter of fact, there is a tendency to raise it somewhat, to or maybe higher. Listen to the sentence " 146:

I'm curious, the pronunciation of one word that has me stand out as a "Canadian" every time to Americans (at least in Seattle) is the word "about", and it's not mentioned here. They say abOUT we say AbOUt.

5559:

As I said, I find these things rather obvious, especially the last one. I had assumed I could credit the editors of this page with a certain level of intelligence. I will be sure not to repeat this error.

5038:

RedSox with fans that don't have a Boston accent! outrageous!). The majority of successful professional football teams in England were founded between 1870 and 1900, so they are thoroughly woven into the

2399:

With both of these, I think there is a general tendency for the American versions to win and are eradicating the Canadian. Someone who know about these things and has a reference, please discuss! Thanks

3797:

Canadian English is also spoken in parts of the Upper Peninsula in Michigan and in some parts of Upstate New York. I believe parts of Maine as well. Perhaps we should find a source and add this info.

3162:

That probably has to do with a unique Canadian prosody. Some of them also say "Calgary" as "KAL-gerry", with no stress difference between the latter two syllables. Others pronounce it as "KAL-guh-REE".

1227:

Thankyou for that information. I'm still unsure that 'CanE' should be used in the article over 'Canadian English', but thats up to you regular users and I'm not going to quibble over such a minor issue.

2324:

Canada is oficially metric but almost universally people measure height and weight in feet and pounds. This includes drivers liceneses in some provinces(eg. Manitoba measures height in feet and inches)

1391:

stores were usually called "the vendor's". In Saskatchewan, I think the common term is "the board store". I don't know in which provinces "LC" is used, but it's certainly not Saskatchewan and Alberta.

3690: 686:

I think the user means the phrase "these ones" as opposed to "these". For example, "I'm going to take these ones" as opposed to "I'll take these." But yeah, I find myself saying "these ones" as well.

3228:

is pronounced as in both Canadian English and British English." If anything, the Canadian vowel is longer than its British counterpart, whatever its roundedness. It makes more sense to say that "

3548:(17 years of living there) tells me that this region is more complicated linguistically than people realize. People tend to think of it as plain and boring, but it's actually kind of interesting. 5440:

I've lived in BC my whole life and this is the first time I've heard of these words. And appaerently they have come into general use in people from BC's English? Sounds like a bunch of BS to me.

1085:

until it was annexed to become part of the city. Maybe "chesterfield" is more common among Ontarians. This song also contains other helpful shibboleths, like "llama", "Picasso", and "out".

32:

might add that reigning in some of the more abstruse digressions (The Chinook lexicon and Jamaican-Torontonian slang among them), all without references, has done a lot to improve this piece.

3761:

noticed this especially among lower-middle class and working-class women, but sometimes among men. Am I right? If so, could someone more technically proficient than me add it to the article.

485:. Remember: regional variation is enormous in Canada. However, this h-less pronunciation is actually an archaic British feature, no longer found in Britain but standard in the U.S. As for 372:

regarding Canadian raising, the example that most people (at least in the U.S.) can relate to the unique pronunciations of words like "about" and "again", yet these are not given as examples.

5536:"Brown": because I've never heard it used that way in over 30 years of living in Canada, and because, despite what the entry said, I was worried that it might be racially offensive. That is 4848:. Perhaps it's a Toronto thing, I can't really speak for other parts of the country. But I've never heard anyone use those words for those purposes, not in the 9's or in the city itself. -- 385:

Anyways, I can definitely agree that it's frustrating to see 'real' pronunciation guides when I have to believe that the vast majority of readers couldn't possibly get any use out of them.

5551:

As to the third reversion you made, again, I must ask you to read content more carefully before deleting it. There is no contradiction between saying "Canuck" is used one way and saying

695:

Yes, indeed, "the user" did mean "these ones" used in lieu of "these" . Would appreciate learning more about when and where this locution is common/accepted in speech/writing in Canada.

4539: 588:

Peter Jennings did it, half the cast of Battlestar Galactica does it, and just about any other popular tv show is full of Canadians, since they all save money by producing in Canada.

3192:

Keep in mind that dictionaries provide *phonological* transcriptions, never *phonetic* transcriptions. In Canadian English, the LOT vowel may be *phonemically* transcribed as either

667:

young kids, say younger than five.) Is this usage of "these ones" common in much of Canada, or only in SW BC ? Is this locution also acceptable in written English here? Thanks.

1360:

and it's possible it's a Maritime expression more generally but I have no sources for it. There does seem to be a lot of provinces that use the phrase "liquor commission", however.

1207: 229:

reveals definitions only for the following vis-à-vis garbage disposals: disposer, garbage disposer, garbage disposer unit, disposal, garbage disposal, and garbage disposal unit. —

5533:

You yourself deleted new content without explanation in your second reversion; please read the edits you undo more carefully in the future. As to why I removed the entries I did:

5067:

is as much a part of my make up as Coal Mining or Ship Building, and if it was moved away because some rich guy with plenty of money thinks he can it would be venemously opposed.

3750: 5084:

I see your point 92.41.37.112, but honestly most Americans don't care if Red Sox fans have a Boston accent or a Midwest accent; you can be a fan of whatever team you like here.

5170:, I found duplicate named references, i.e. references sharing the same name, but not having the same content. Please check them, as I am not able to fix them automatically :) 336:

I have noticed in the main page that it implies Canada follows the U.S. in the single usage of 'curb', which is entirely misleading , not to mention incorrect! Lost Girls Diary

4829: 4587: 3626:. Uhhh... the very UK/US list doesn't make any sense at all. About a year ago, I put it up for deletion (after 600+ edits in 1½ years); if you're curious, check out the 5507: 1513: 3544:

think I understand TELSUR, then please explain it to me. I enjoy the discussions we have, by the way. I would like to know more about the Midland dialect region. My

2405: 2361: 1447:

LCBO or LLBO in Ontario (different time periods, the latter for liquor licensing board). LCBO is still used, not at all rare. Of course, liquor store is more common.--

1077:, then you've heard the term "chesterfield". I don't think it's being used in a jocular manner either. For those who don't know, the Barenaked Ladies were formed in 5463: 2213:] Interestingly, when I was in my very early 20’s, I once heard a guy from way north of Toronto ask for a bagel (\'bā-gəl\) and cream cheese where he prounced the 277:." from the article as Innu is a word in the Innu's language and not a government invented word as claimed. It also does not have the meaning this sentence claims. 5446: 5072: 4481: 3755: 593: 189: 5030:

English part of North America (dont worry, that's a good thing), and whereas that is possibly true for some of the eastern parts of Canada, to my knowledge these

1155: 337: 5609:

All that aside, all right, I messed up. I screwed up. It was a self-induced injury that left me frustrated with myself. It happens. It can happen to people

4155:

The list would be endless! Instead of defining General American by saying what it isn't, maybe we can try to define what it *is* supposed to be. For instance:

3770: 4293: 4289: 2606:

I was born and raised in Portland, Oregon (USA), and not only do I hear "What's the diff?" often, I say it that way sometimes too (not in formal situations).

1597: 866:"route". Usually an individual has one or the other--usually neither one dominates in any region--it's completely dependent on ones personal speech patterns. 4285: 4065:(the article says that only people from Vancouver would do such a thing, although my personal experience says otherwise). However, I'm not so sure about his 4873:

The Canadian accents seem to be shifting more and more towards the US in sound, right or wrong, in comparison to how older folk still speak in some regions.

3263: 3170: 891: 791: 328: 4061:. Also note that, contrary to what the Canadian English article says, he is from Ontario, and he has a retracted ash before a nasal consonant when he says 248:

I don't think Innu is the same thing as Inuit. Inuit and Eskimo, on the other hand, are the same (but Eskimo is regarded as a slightly derogatory term).

5275: 4514: 3425: 2409: 821: 4744:

2) PRIZE is (audibly, I might add) backer in Atlantic Canada than in the other regions; Ontario is somewhat halfway between Mid-Atlantic and Midland/West.

3335: 3317: 2687:

is really a monophthong). Now, where do you think the US/Cdn difference lies--in the starting point (first element) or in the r-color (second element)?

4863: 4834: 4467: 3224:, with varying degrees of roundedness and/or backness. Thus, from a *phonetic* standpoint, it doesn't make any sense to say that "dictionaries say that 3097: 3082: 2479: 2334:

Similarly While Milk is sold and talked of in Litres, and cream is refred to in mls(or fractions of litres) most recipes still use imperial measurements.

903: 472: 408: 373: 95: 5467: 4485: 3925: 5627: 5392:

I imagine that sourcing this might be difficult without personal research. With that in mind, I want to say that this is acceptable usage where I am,

5205: 4533: 4493: 3959:

position--provided that the low central seat is not already taken, as it is in Eastern New England and Southwestern PA. On the flipside, just because

3856: 3841: 3827: 3275: 3182: 1283: 1266: 1237: 1151: 943: 5458:

Saltchuck is more a coast thing, I think (obviously there isn't any in the Interior), but I've certainly heard skookum, though only from older people.

5153: 5093: 4801: 4306: 4091: 4017: 3997: 3807: 3557: 3493: 3449: 3401: 3359: 3031: 2890: 2811: 2756: 2697: 2615: 2365: 2068: 1979: 1731: 1700: 1601: 1560: 1401: 1115: 856: 5363:: No, that's not a Canadianism. It's a relatively recent construction, usually frowned upon by editors and commentators in the U.S. and elsewhere. 5161: 5127: 2522: 2308: 1593: 1517: 1048: 870: 807: 794: 503: 496: 428: 411: 397: 252: 178:

these units. Also, ABA Bank Transit Number is quite official-sounding; again, not used in common speech. It's commonly called a "Routing Number".

5283: 5018: 4996: 4980: 4958: 4930: 4904: 4035: 3888:

as /læmə/. I would say that parts of Upstate New York are even less related to Canadian English than the other places you mentioned because of the

3684: 2880:(in this case the merged vowel is consistently , with no following "r" at all, the "r" being part of the vowel, or maybe being the vowel itself...) 2295: 1246:. Then again, there is no obvious reason to substitute "CanE" for "Canadian English", since the phrase occurs only 11 times. So it's 6 of one and 458: 448: 5583:

who first popularized it, and I was sure that line was still there; sorry, my bad. You can only remove a statement either because it's unsourced (

3786: 3644: 2580: 2338: 531: 5229: 3864:

The dialect in the UP might be related to Canadian English, but I don't think it would be considered Canadian English. People in the UP may have

1477: 1415: 1180: 985:

Is this really a distinctive Canadianism? The term is widespread in the UK, I think, as well. (It's certainly what I used to call them.....) --

690: 5422: 3246: 3157: 2371: 1329: 966: 655: 541: 281: 1063: 781: 316: 5381: 1495: 1378: 520: 91: 5405: 1645:

was immediately anglicized--that is, the word has always been pronounced according to what it looks like in English; and the same is true for

1456: 699: 5492: 3792: 759: 723: 597: 582: 475: 376: 5263: 3112: 1438: 1350: 5210: 1772:--it doesn't really matter, since 1) we don't care about *actual pronunciation* and 2) in NAmEng, there is no phonemic distinction between 681: 567: 5546:"Homo (milk)": I did not delete this, I merely moved it to the correct place. Some previous editors, apparently, do not know the alphabet. 3126: 5502:

I live in the Maritimes and I've never heard "subway" to refer to an over/underpass. Is this specific to a small region or single city?

5296:

Is it a Canadian usage only, to say "while in university" as opposed to "at". And to be "graduating high school" rather than graduating

5254:" I guess isnt' a word, more of a cultural icon; never got into common currency for "owl".....more for a Canadian culture page I guess... 2242: 5450: 3539:

as , I just don't do it in everyday speech, therefore I have a pin-pen merger. I don't know exactly what you mean by "the North" (the

2856:

as a monophthong; a diphthongal before "r" would therefore be a little surprising. (To be sure, I have heard some Canadians pronounce

2852:. This is no longer the case, and the exact value of the merged vowel is variable. However, Canadians are said to realize the phoneme 2087: 2039: 2164: 2152:, because my little 12-year-old self had to rely on context to make sure they weren’t talking about putting on some article of clothing 771: 1810:

may even have a continuum of different allophones, depending on the phonetic environment. For example, it may be fully rounded before

1795:

So, the short "o" as pronounced in General American is typically close to , or halfway between and , with little or no lip rounding.

502:

I, who am a Canadian speaker, have never heard any one say it as aboot{with a schwa before the oot}. Everyone I know says a-buh-oot.

646:

accent in New Brunswick, and possibly other areas of the Maritimes as well. I wouldn't necessarily label it Western quite yet... -

5511: 5387: 5054: 4737:

1) FLEECE is higher and fronter in Canada than in the U.S. (If this is what you meant, you have exceptionally good ears.) But see

2630: 2600: 2568:

with initial short 'a', American initial 'a' long as in 'stay-tus', but again, CBC and others are saying it in the American manner.

1483: 1335: 1243: 1159: 1140:

I'd also like to point out that Canuck, hoser, and keener are never used in everyday conversation, though they are Canadian words.

824: 340: 5076: 2679:

is usually described as being composed of two elements, the second of which is the r-color. The same holds true for the vowel of

360: 5110:

are notorious for the fact that alot of their supporters travel from the south of England to support them, the majority of these

4882: 1792:

When IPA symbols are used in *phonetic* (not phonemic) transcriptions, they are placed between brackets: , never between slashes.

331: 5569: 1937:

is typically somewhere between and ; since Newfoundlanders are cot/caught-merged, the Newfoundland pronunciation of words like

5234: 2346: 1094: 4812:; especially the females. That strikes me as a feminine sound for some reason. Maybe one of those possible articulations of 2660:

differently from the way many Americans would pronounce that word. I would prefer that Jack Lumber respond to this. Thanks.

1019: 255: 5503: 3349:

should be kept separate. And your short O should be kept in the back of your mouth. Just being a little orthoepic here ;-)

3077: 2948: 2934: 2830: 2791: 2774:. However, I'm not exactly sure how most Americans would pronounce that in the first place. So the R-colored vowel is that 2669: 1509: 1310:

We have a reputable source listed for the zed/zee situation. I actually find your personal experience interesting but it has

957:) for "hi"; which I'll bet is more common in the West due to the relvant absence of Scandinavians/Dutch in eastern Canada.... 712:

shows up 7.2 times per 10 million words in British texts and 0.6 in American texts; curiously, the frequencies of the phrase

352: 1221: 989: 637: 79:

I didn't notice in this article the slang CDN term 'Cougar'. This a noun for a woman who dates men much younger than herelf.

5561: 5484: 3601: 3271: 3178: 2401: 2357: 1566:

Oh, thanks. It's a significant minority, but still a minority, right? You seem like the type that might be interested in

1275: 1229: 899: 677:

I have no idea what you mean, to be honest. What are "these ones"? It sounds like a euphemism for something naughty... -

512: 3912:, like most forms of Canadian English, and many speakers in the United States (I think probably a majority now), have the 3668: 1999: 1750: 1715: 1635: 5459: 4821: 4579: 4525: 4459: 4083: 3917: 3833: 3819: 3660: 3549: 3441: 3393: 3327: 3309: 3216:). In fact, the picture may be even more complicated, in that a speaker may have a continuum of different allophones of 3069: 2940: 2926: 2822: 2783: 2763: 2661: 2622: 2592: 2079: 2031: 1991: 1742: 1707: 1627: 1579: 1571: 1536: 1528: 1086: 366: 5442: 5309: 5068: 4477: 2656:

differently from the way many Americans pronounce those words. I have also heard Canadians pronounce the word

1616: 1015: 589: 238: 193: 185: 4565:

doesn't sound quite the same as it does in GA. I can't get into anymore detail than that; it's just different. Also

3308:

around me. What I'm saying is that even when I'm not doing that, his vowel is still phonetically different from mine.

1930:); elsewhere, they are somewhere in between. Before /l/, the short o is clearly rounded; elsewhere, it's less rounded. 5475: 5119: 4874: 2939:

By the way, the two examples you gave me were both of the same Canadian speaker; that's why they sounded so similar!

921:

No, it really isn't part of the Canadian shift, I had misread the original post. It's actually confined to the word

162: 2352:

there is a completely different scale for measuring blood cholesterol. Canada uses mmol/L and Americans mg/dl, see

671: 168:

Other Canadian / American word usage differences I've noticed after living in the US for 5 years: Garbarator --: -->

4004: 126: 63: 3818:

in their speech, but by no means does that mean they speak Canadian English. Maybe that's why you were confused.

3736:--that is, an arbitrary coinage, and not even that common or "established" in conversation as far as I can tell. 103: 4344:

It doesn't sound quite like the sound sample, so this is just a guess. I'm trying to change my pronunciation of

1650: 3740:

in the sense "queue" appears to be a Canadian regionalism; that meaning aside, the term is American in origin.

1387:

This kind of thing varies greatly by province. In Alberta (way back before private liquor stores were allowed),

5428: 4858: 3545: 1780:(the phonemic inventory of Bostonians and some New Yorkers is a little different, but that's beside the point). 1304: 43:

dialect survey, which should assist with entries on pronunciation and lexical items, if anyone’s interested. —

5357:

to mean "she is a student"; to an American, that sentence can only mean that she is physically at school now.

3909: 2009: 1741:(or something similar) would use /ɑ/. I read that some Canadians do this in words like "caught" and "cot". 820:

The word "milk" is often pronounced like "melk". It's kind of like the Western U.S. This should be added.

99: 1959: 327:

Curb and kerb are both words in British English; they are pronounced the same but have different meanings.--

140: 5411:

But... is it more common among tweens and teens, or is it used by their parents and teachers as well? I'm

1361: 1038:

as "a boot"; rather, "a boot" is what many Americans *perceive* it to be---if they don't listen carefully.

4809: 4575: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4352: 4341: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4133: 4125: 4105: 4066: 4050: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3936: 3932: 3233: 3221: 3217: 3197: 3193: 3051: 3047: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2963: 2959: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2836:

I guess it varies from to , like in GenAm. Before the Mary-merry-marry merger came around, the phonemes

2735: 2703: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2047: 1934: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 835: 482: 3889: 2233:) and thus the word sounded like \'bă-gəl\. Is that what you’re referring to? (Sorry for my confusion). 2019: 1166:

currently living in the Maritimes), just like we're all supposed to like and even emulate Red Green. On

4520: 2585: 1607:

Yeah, but none of that stuff is unique to Canadian English. Americans and Australians do that as well.

5393: 4108:

sounds fairly normal to me. Only in very few environments does he tend to lower it, e.g. when he says

3631: 2331:

Outside temperatures are refered to in Celsius, But oven temperatures are usually measured in Farenheit

1124: 389:

or Newfoundland who says "aboot", or who even speaks with a stereotypical "canadian accent". I'm sure

4738: 3305: 3300:, and I usually don't have any of the fronting he is referring to in my speech (unlike people in the 3065: 2913:

was for people who pronounce the three words distinctly. I also thought many Canadians only merged

729: 356: 40: 2864:

like they do in New Jersey.) Also, most North American accents make no "pre-r" distinction between

1210: 80: 5565: 5488: 4868: 3935:, then I don't think that most Canadians have the Canadian shift either. As for the retraction of 3931:

If we define the Canadian shift as the simultaneous lowering and/or retraction of the three vowels

3267: 3174: 2540:(first syllable stress), except when talking about sports and then American version is more common. 2320:

vocabularly(of both old and young, but especially the under thirty crowd). Interesting examples:

2314: 1279: 1233: 895: 815: 516: 3323: 3117:

The original writer must have had it backwards. kil-lom-metre is the only thing we hear in Sask.

2966:

before nasals is more advanced in Ontario than in the rest of Canada. Curiously, while the short

5279: 4971:

I actually find it sad that "mobility is a major leveling factor". Stop moving around people :).

4825: 4583: 4529: 4524:

Obviously, that's not possible since they speak Spanish there. Good attention to detail though.

4463: 4087: 3921: 3893: 3837: 3823: 3664: 3553: 3445: 3397: 3331: 3313: 3137:

is considered more correct as it follows millimetre, centimetre, metre, etc as a measuring unit.

3073: 2944: 2930: 2826: 2787: 2767: 2665: 2640:

It seems to me that some of the Canadian R-colored vowels have different pronunciations than the

2626: 2596: 2083: 2035: 1995: 1746: 1711: 1631: 1575: 1532: 1397: 1090: 251:

I was going to change it, but I don't feel 100% confident. Could someone please look into it? --

1242:

McArthur regularly uses abbreviations; the advantage of using them is apparent in articles like

623:

also occurs in Britain too, but usually in the less well educated, or simply careless speakers.

382:

I moved your comment to the bottom of the page. That's where new topics typically get listed. :)

5580: 5497: 3897: 3832:

I forgot to mention that a small percentage of people in northern Maine do still speak French.

2475: 2238: 2160: 1887:

mily and friends or return purchased items. ... your own postage-paid shipping label; then, att

1486:- but reference to AGCO in Ontario seems to be less prevalent than LLBO was back in that time. 1011: 980: 578: 393:

they do that, but I have no clue where, and it really isn't what I'd call, "Canadian English".

243: 234: 4553:

I don't know much about nasalization, but I think there is some retraction and/or lowering of

3868:, and a conservative /oʊ/ and /aʊ/, but I don't think anyone there has been shown to have the 3380:

I respectfully disagree with you, Jack. You can tell by context if someone is referring to a

1567: 5149: 5123: 5089: 5014: 4976: 4926: 4878: 4510: 4132:

sounds lower to you than it does to me because you have the pin-pen merger and I don't. His

4031: 3852: 3803: 1737:

What the hell do you mean by that? I thought a lot of Canadians used /ɒ/, where speakers of

1612: 322: 17: 4501: 4284:

Well, that doesn't work either--that's my own accent, for lack of a better idea. How about

3527:

as if you give them a list of words to read or even if you interview them and ask them how

1204: 265:

to refer to the various bands of native peoples of the north who are more commonly known as

5516: 4900: 4544:

Another user and I have observed that when not subject to Canadian raising, the nucleus of

3892:. Because of the NCVS, there is a significant difference between the dialect of people in 3782: 3766: 3597: 3421: 3259: 3166: 3154: 2718:. This of course is supposed to illustrate the palm-lot-thought merger, but the vowels in 2611: 2519: 2298:"--a term I had never heard before. I had never heard of a "bagel-gaggle" merger either... 2093: 2015: 1474: 1375: 1326: 1186: 1112: 1078: 1003: 994: 887: 741: 617: 508: 348: 181: 87: 55: 36: 4844:

an exam. I've taken them, though. And they were supervised by teachers or proctors, never

3326:

is another example. I'm amazed at how perceptive these people are (no sarcasm intended).

1956: 1834: 1508:

that are attached to hotels. I prefer to use "the vendors" because it sounds so discrete.

1133:

heard slough as a term for underwear. Also, street hockey is used more often than shinny.

8: 5291: 5274:

Anorak originally from Kalaallisut's (Greenlandic) word 'annoraq' meaning 'heavy jacket'(

4124:(1:55 ~ 2:05) some lowering would be expected, but he shows none. He retracts it before 3575: 3483:

close to each other; but in Ontario and further west, pin and pen are clearly distinct.

2342: 1452: 35:

I'm not aware if anyone else has posted these links, but here are the results of a major

5118:

supporters and it is not uncommon for them to jump to the next team who are doing well.

788: 5401: 5368: 5259: 5225: 5201: 5167: 4854: 3680: 3093: 2635: 2074:

When will we better understand the Canadian Shift? Some people in Minnesota pronounce

1952: 1626:

Is their ever an ash in "volcano" in Canada (no grammatically incorrect pun intended)?

1393: 1300: 1176: 1070: 962: 708:, but only occasionally and chiefly in speech. In the Cambridge International Corpus, 661: 651: 608: 5540:

a situation for erring on the side of inclusion, especially since no source was cited.

5107: 4918: 4070: 3913: 2471: 2234: 2207:)? Along those lines, I do notice that Merriam-Webster’s gives the pronunciaiton of 2156: 2027: 1007: 867: 574: 538: 455: 230: 2986:

Canada and the Inland North. I personally have heard people with lower-than-normal

2770:) 20:00, 10 March 2008 (UTC) I imagine the difference lies in the starting point of 2715: 2425:) in the Economics Department at university from Canadian speakers quite often, and 5599: 5305: 5145: 5085: 5010: 4972: 4922: 4914: 4506: 4027: 3865: 3848: 3815: 3799: 3297: 3122: 2739: 2641: 2576: 2117: 2023: 1738: 1608: 1491: 1434: 1411: 1346: 1074: 687: 152: 4895:

discusses the possibility of merging accents, but maybe it's just our perception.

4337:

I think I have sort of a "twist" before nasals as well; like those damn Canadians.

1034:

appears to be the norm. No serious American source says that Canadians pronounce

5525:

required no explanation, but since you reverted me and demanded one, here it is.

5367:

is standard English wherever English is spoken--including Saskatchewan! See the

5141: 4896: 4754: 4750: 3778: 3762: 3650: 3593: 3417: 3143: 3108: 2607: 2508: 1789:

can only be "phonetically" different--that is, the actual sound may be different.

1621: 1463: 1364: 1315: 1101: 1059: 755: 719: 705: 627:

As in that song by that Jamaican kid, "I feel like I'm drownin' in da ocean..."

492: 424: 394: 158: 132: 45: 2702:

Now that I have a little more time... In most U.S. speech, the first element of

2356:

which puts the 2 measures in a Table but doesn't show which country uses which.

2195:). Or, have I misunderstood and what you meant was that some persons pronounce 2153: 5114:

made the conscience decision to support the winning team. They're often termed

5058: 4762: 3869: 3724: 1827: 1522: 1448: 445: 5026:

Well i made the point because, as an Englishman, Canada is often known as the

4046: 3289: 2466:(\ske-'lē-təl\) versus an American doctor’s pronunciation of the same word as 2395:

has a Canadian pronunciation of a short E at the start, and American a long E.

2262:, these areas reverse that relationship, in some areas leading to a merger of 1209:. Searching books.google.com for "cae" "Canadian English" gives zero results. 716:

are closer---British 4.8, American 3.2. I ain't got no Canadian data, sorry.

5603: 5397: 5255: 5221: 5197: 4849: 3676: 3089: 1592:

very tiny "t" - 1/2 swallowed - not with the full glottal stop of cockney. --

1311: 1296: 1172: 986: 958: 804: 778: 678: 647: 604: 278: 120: 115: 70: 1785:

Now for the hard part. The General Canadian and General American vowels in

1649:, which has never been pronounced "potatto" or "potarto" or "pototto," pace 1546:, I believe that a significant minority of Canadian speakers have an ash in 5610: 5592: 5584: 4778: 4766: 3984: 3301: 1543: 313: 293: 5588: 5321:: A direct US/Cdn comparison is not possible, since (as you know) we say 5301: 4774: 4758: 4498:

Here is the map I saw a few years ago, someone had put it on Image Dump:

3971:

have to go along for the ride; and, contrariwise, a backward movement of

3955:

A necessary condition for the Canadian shift is the cot-caught merger in

3118: 2572: 2353: 2144: 2126: 2106: 2097: 1487: 1430: 1407: 1342: 746:

I know they ain't loaded. But use these ones. Them damn things is jinxed!

528: 171:

Use: Oatmeal (porrige is considered a quaint) Bank Routing Number --: -->

136: 3582:

List of words having different meanings in Canadian and American English

3236:

in both Canadian English and British English"--"happY tensing" aside...

2821:? I'm thinking some Canadians pronounce it as . That's just a guess. 2447:(\'ēs-trə-jən\) while their American counterparts pronounce the word as 2138: 2132: 2112: 2104:) in 1975 and started grade 8, I was always confused by the names Dawn ( 26: 4415:

I thought that was a Philadelphia/NYC thing, but I think I have it too.

3983:= (in the NCS region itself, but also, for example--and now I'm going 3655:

I don't know if this only takes place in Canada, but I've noticed that

3104: 1055: 489:, both ENvelope and ONvelope are acceptable in both UK and U.S. AFAIK. 305: 274: 5543:"Hockey hair": Same reason (except without the racial bit, obviously). 5168:

English&redirect=no&oldid=229106776 the last revision I edited

2909:, but I know I pronounce them all alike. I thought that the vowel in 2504:, but I'm hearing CBC announcers adopting the American pronunciation. 1671: 151:

Yes, it's mentioned, under "Phonology and Pronunciation"; it's called

5247: 4770: 3659:

tends to be stressed on the first syllable. Thus it is pronounced .

1289: 696: 668: 643: 170:

Use: Kraft Macaroni and Cheese (as branded in the US) Porrige --: -->

5396:, so it is in need of sourcing rather than in need of cutting :) - 5061:

much like my father, his father and my fathers fathers father (eh?)

2388:

sound. I thought the long A was Canandian, and the short I American

1256:

of the other. You ain't ever gonna become a regular, are you, 203?

5595:). You can't remove a statement because "you've never heard that." 4786: 4782: 3691:

Deletion of recently added section: Canadianisms established abroad

3590:

List of words having different meanings in Knowledge than real life

3392:

to have the pin-pen merger. I don't see what's wrong with change.

2742:: You'll be hard pressed to hear the difference. (Audio files from 2554:, again except in sports reference where American appears dominant. 1682:

has a broad A in England, and since English English is non-rhotic,

1129:

I've lived in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan for my whole life and I have

301: 2292:

variant that is appreciably less common than the preceding variant

614:

In British English we say tire and curb as well as tyre and kerb!

345:

In British English we say tire and curb as well as tyre as kerb!

4049:

is an example of a guy from Ontario who definitely has a lowered

3064:

speak. I think that he might be trying to get away from the of

2621:

I believe you, but for some reason I associate this with Canada.

2101: 1761: 1082: 549:

People! Let me get this straight. To my American ears, Canadian

309: 5480:"Tap, conspicuously more common than faucet in everyday usage." 2801:

may vary from to (or even in some old-fashioned varieties).

5251: 5243: 5050: 5046: 2872:(in this case the merged vowel may vary from to ), or between 2743: 2644:

R-colored vowels. I have heard Canadians pronounce words like

1721:

Phonologically, yes. Phonetically, the vowel may be different.

312:. You're correct that they aren't the same thing as the Inuit. 297: 270: 5271:

Parka originally from Aleut's word 'pariixax' meaning 'zipper'

4602:

while the second formant varies inversely with vowel backness.

4428:

I really don't know about this one. It's really hard to hear.

4026:

Yeah, I like her. That was an interesting interview as well.

3702:

are listed as "orig. U.S." in the Oxford English Dictionary.

3292:

is an example of how a Canadian might pronounce that vowel in

573:

in trying to find the intersection of Yonge and Blur streets!

172:

Use: ABA Bank Transit Number Constable (Police / RCMP) --: -->

5239: 2507:

I have read studies that confirm CanE: /æn-ti/ US: /æn-taɪ/

266: 4749:

PRIZE-backness-wise, the "top 10" TELSUR speakers are from:

5064: 4540:

Other Things About The Canadian Accent That Stick Out To Me

3103:

I always seem to hear the American way here in Alberta...--

2149: 1388: 787:

This documentary, perhaps? On the CBC, of all places ;-) :

642:

Actually I'm fairly certain this is a quality of a certain

289: 262: 2974:

are moving in opposite directions, the other front vowels

2797:

Right. In U.S. speech, the first element in the vowel of

2142:), I, of course, thought that they were speaking of Dawn ( 1798:

In CanEng, the short "o" (which also occurs in words like

5483:

This just made my day, but it sounds way unencyclopedic.

5353:. The British often (if not usually) say things such as 5300:

high school. Sask. usage is the former in both cases. --

4502:

http://www.imagedump.com/index.cgi?pick=get&tp=510627

4458:

That was fun even if I did a bad job. I have to go now.

3904:

sounds like the way people in Upstate New York pronounce

2734:

etc. It almost (almost) sounds like the two elements of

2022:, "pasta" and other foreign loan words sound the same in 1527:

Is "tomato" often pronounced with /æ/ in Canada as well?

1357: 537:

pronounced by a dialect that does have Canadian raising.

4395:

Could be even . Definitely not cardinal . Hard to say.

4136:

is, for the most part, , except in some function words (

1706:

Canadians pronounce "bother" the same way we do, right?

227:

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged

4355:

The sound sample for doesn't sound quite right for me.

4148:) and before nasals, where it is usually ; in the word 752:, verb.) It ain't exactly Standard English anyways... 5053:

accent and that means ofcourse like 100% of the other

4447:

The first element sounds just like the vowel I use in

3939:

in the South, I've found something interesting in the

3616:

List of Knowledge phrases not widely used in real life

205:); “garbage disposal;” and, rarely, “disposall.” The 2286:'bāg\ (in this and many other dictionaries, the word 789:

http://www.cbc.ca/canadianexperience/talkingcanadian/

1026:

There's a text box on the Oxford page; just type in

5106:Well we do have that to a degree here, for example 3908:. However, most varieties of American English are 3979:has been detected in many speakers who don't have 3535:are pronounced. I am very capable of pronouncing 3001:is in English English, identical to the vowel of 2179:, I don’t think I’ve ever heard someone pronounce 2050:, it may sound like ; and many speakers pronounce 1756:"Phonologically" means that the stressed vowel of 1570:. It discusses the exceptions to the "ash rule". 1482:Note that LLBO was replaced some years ago by the 736:you're going to get is American---a citation from 728:As an aside, if you search the entire text of the 5341:(to be sure, no native English speaker would use 4816:is more common in Canada, although it also would 2817:OK, so what is the first element in the Canadian 1406:see above, it's LBS, liquor board store in Sask. 1356:Good point. I know it's a Nova Scotia expression 4741:for a different picture...and a different chart. 4548:tends to be retracted/lowered to something like 3756:Rising voice in declarative sentences in Toronto 2712:Bother, father caught hot coffee in the car park 2536:(more or less equal syllable stress)), American 846:." That section needs to be clarified, though. 2982:are actually being retracted and/or lowered in 2497:with a short 'i' and American with a long 'i': 2148:). And, G-d forbid they should be speaking of 5034:are generally declining with each generation. 2384:can have a long A sound at the end or a short 1879:nadaPost website. Use it to send birthday or h 1666:in Canada, like in most of the U.S.). Oddly, 5591:) or because you take issue with the source ( 5335:He went to college at Oregon State University 2225:so that the first syllable sounded just like 2136:); and, when s/he would be referring to Don ( 1586:happen with "cotton" or "kitten" or "mitten". 3900:. For example, the way Canadians pronounce 1955:, cot-caught merger, young female speaker): 4835:Dispute in Vocabulary--Education subsection 3948:Both the tripthongization and the raising 3083:Pronounciation difference needs to be added 2116:). Almost to a person, native speakers of 830:It's under "phonology and pronunciation"--- 4494:Canadian Dialects dipping into the USA Map 2282:This is precisely what M-W means by \'bag 2150:that part of the day when the sun comes up 5575:There was actually a line about the word 5162:Bot report : Found duplicate references ! 4476:How about POOR (as compared to CURE}? -- 4296:, of course. OK, time to call it quits! 3718:was first recorded in a newspaper called 3005:(which is if no vowel follows), so that 2848:, respectively, were all possible before 1871:lled Ship-in-a-click and you can find it 1847:nadaPost, we recognize that your time is 5049:, as a result i speak with the peculiar 3710:, and subsequently altered in the U.S. 1922:; the highest ones occur before nasals ( 1484:Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario 1244:American and British English differences 1148:to be specifically used in my province. 5009:Of course, I'm part of the problem ;). 3963:is lower doesn't necessarily mean that 3580:Is there enough distinction to justify 2726:are noticeably different from those in 2493:as in anti-war. I believe Canadian is 2372:Short and long initial and final vowels 2203:) such that it sounds like (bāg — long 2096:with regard to names. When I moved to 2092:I have to say, I first encountered the 1907:x and we'll take it from there. It's th 304:, who were historically referred to as 215:, as a Canadianism and defines it as: “ 169:Use: InSinkErator Kraft Dinner --: --> 135:for finding citations for those words. 14: 2294:"); another Wikiarticle calls it the " 481:I don't think that most Canadians say 5602:, a fellow may have a bad day. That 5331:He studied at Oregon State University 4921:. They're very interesting. Enjoy! 3793:Canadian dialect in the United States 2376:Not skilled at all with this, but: 2120:at the time pronounced the two words 1933:Last but not least: In Newfoundland, 1826:shift of the other front vowels (cf. 1760:is the same "abstract entity" (i.e., 756:The user formerly known as JackLumber 720:The user formerly known as JackLumber 493:The user formerly known as JackLumber 425:The user formerly known as JackLumber 159:The user formerly known as JackLumber 5579:in the article, with a reference to 3588:the Britlish/Amglish list? (Or just 1964:note: her pronunciation of the word 225:One further comment, a check of the 3706:was probably coined in Scotland as 2738:are coalesced. But listen to this 1859:ster, easier way to send personal p 704:This construction is also found in 23: 4374:I don't think I have the variant. 2130:), I thought that they meant Don ( 2005:Response to Homework assignment #1 1985:One thing I want to say is that I 1314:on what is stated in the article. 772:Italian/Jewish English in Montreal 738:The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan 24: 5639: 5606:lack of intelligence on his part. 5598:After going back to work after a 1867:nada and around the world. It's c 1641:No, because the pronunciation of 1081:, which was formerly a suburb of 925:; people with the DRESS vowel in 557:as pronounced by an Englishman. 5388:Done school / Finished homework. 4005:Inland Northern American English 3941:Handbook of Varieties of English 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2111: 2105: 1336:LC for liquor commission? where? 1203:, which is ambiguous. See e.g. 1168:This Hour has Twenty Two Minutes 929:usually retain the KIT vowel in 1962:) and do your own analysis :-) 1069:If you've ever heard the song " 803:Yes that's the one thanks ;D -- 5347:While in college I met my wife 5345:in those sentences!); we say, 5235:Parka and Anorak (and Oookpik) 4388:Not sure, but definitely not . 3714:also originated in Scotland. 3296:. I speak something close to 2248:As Labov and his pals put it, 808:01:53, 24 September 2007 (UTC) 760:19:00, 12 September 2007 (UTC) 724:18:43, 10 September 2007 (UTC) 700:06:49, 10 September 2007 (UTC) 532:03:08, 24 September 2007 (UTC) 521:20:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC) 449:21:18, 30 September 2007 (UTC) 341:19:27, 28 September 2007 (UTC) 50:15 mai 2007, 23h45 (UTC+0900) 13: 1: 5628:19:31, 18 February 2009 (UTC) 5570:05:14, 18 February 2009 (UTC) 5493:01:49, 18 December 2008 (UTC) 5382:00:02, 9 September 2008 (UTC) 5310:23:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC) 4557:. I have also observed that 4486:23:49, 15 February 2009 (UTC) 4053:. Listen to the way he says 3896:and the dialect of people in 2925:was pronounced differently. 2683:. (By contrast, the vowel of 2601:21:53, 21 February 2008 (UTC) 1822:) but less rounded elsewhere. 1561:23:52, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 1542:Excellent point. Based on my 1537:01:10, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 1457:05:35, 25 December 2007 (UTC) 1439:18:26, 24 December 2007 (UTC) 1416:01:26, 28 December 2007 (UTC) 1402:20:03, 12 December 2007 (UTC) 1379:01:18, 10 December 2007 (UTC) 1351:00:45, 10 December 2007 (UTC) 1284:22:23, 27 November 2007 (UTC) 1267:19:28, 27 November 2007 (UTC) 1238:00:27, 27 November 2007 (UTC) 1222:23:12, 26 November 2007 (UTC) 1191:The standard abbreviation is 1181:22:12, 22 November 2007 (UTC) 1160:08:57, 22 November 2007 (UTC) 1064:06:57, 23 November 2007 (UTC) 795:13:56, 7 September 2007 (UTC) 782:11:02, 7 September 2007 (UTC) 691:18:56, 9 September 2007 (UTC) 656:07:49, 23 November 2007 (UTC) 361:10:48, 2 September 2008 (UTC) 239:01:58, 13 February 2008 (UTC) 194:16:23, 10 February 2008 (UTC) 5626:and I approve this message. 5611:way more important than I am 5468:04:50, 2 February 2009 (UTC) 5451:21:49, 26 October 2008 (UTC) 5423:00:29, 24 October 2008 (UTC) 5421:and I approve this message. 5406:01:30, 23 October 2008 (UTC) 5284:20:08, 30 October 2008 (UTC) 3614:, for example. How about a 2744:http://alt-usage-english.org 2480:04:45, 29 January 2008 (UTC) 2410:22:52, 22 January 2008 (UTC) 2366:22:56, 22 January 2008 (UTC) 2309:19:32, 29 January 2008 (UTC) 2243:04:25, 29 January 2008 (UTC) 2165:04:25, 29 January 2008 (UTC) 2000:14:15, 11 January 2008 (UTC) 1951:. Listen to this soundfile ( 1518:21:12, 24 October 2008 (UTC) 1496:03:25, 25 October 2008 (UTC) 1478:23:15, 24 October 2008 (UTC) 1330:16:58, 9 December 2007 (UTC) 1305:16:33, 9 December 2007 (UTC) 1049:19:52, 22 October 2007 (UTC) 1020:18:35, 22 October 2007 (UTC) 990:02:23, 22 October 2007 (UTC) 948:fuirther suggestion is that 871:03:44, 24 October 2007 (UTC) 583:03:18, 29 January 2008 (UTC) 542:03:39, 24 October 2007 (UTC) 459:03:30, 24 October 2007 (UTC) 104:00:12, 2 November 2008 (UTC) 7: 5512:04:52, 2 January 2009 (UTC) 5042:of their respective areas. 4451:. I could be wrong though. 3890:Northern Cities Vowel Shift 3720:The United States Telegraph 3610:(= pro + d) and transitive 2347:22:56, 8 January 2008 (UTC) 2187:) such that it rhymes with 2088:00:07, 3 January 2008 (UTC) 2069:16:02, 2 January 2008 (UTC) 2040:00:19, 2 January 2008 (UTC) 2020:Northern Cities Vowel Shift 1980:19:38, 8 January 2008 (UTC) 1945:may sound a little unusual. 1751:04:00, 8 January 2008 (UTC) 1732:00:08, 3 January 2008 (UTC) 1716:00:05, 3 January 2008 (UTC) 1701:15:37, 2 January 2008 (UTC) 1636:21:52, 1 January 2008 (UTC) 1580:04:45, 1 January 2008 (UTC) 1425:Its also used in Manitoba. 1274:least once a week. Cheers. 1116:06:54, 3 January 2008 (UTC) 1095:05:58, 3 January 2008 (UTC) 857:14:56, 3 October 2007 (UTC) 825:21:10, 2 October 2007 (UTC) 682:05:27, 29 August 2007 (UTC) 672:01:21, 24 August 2007 (UTC) 638:22:39, 1 October 2007 (UTC) 568:22:36, 1 October 2007 (UTC) 367:Phonology and Pronunciation 10: 5644: 5394:Fredericton, New Brunswick 5264:15:24, 9 August 2008 (UTC) 5230:15:07, 9 August 2008 (UTC) 5211:"Upcountry" and lumberjack 5206:15:04, 1 August 2008 (UTC) 5154:21:26, 4 August 2008 (UTC) 5128:06:45, 4 August 2008 (UTC) 5094:03:32, 3 August 2008 (UTC) 5077:00:31, 3 August 2008 (UTC) 3685:21:28, 30 April 2008 (UTC) 3669:20:56, 30 April 2008 (UTC) 3645:13:45, 23 April 2008 (UTC) 3602:06:34, 23 April 2008 (UTC) 3276:23:52, 24 April 2008 (UTC) 3247:15:38, 17 April 2008 (UTC) 3183:23:41, 24 April 2008 (UTC) 3158:19:30, 13 April 2008 (UTC) 3127:16:57, 13 April 2008 (UTC) 3113:21:37, 24 March 2008 (UTC) 3098:14:30, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 3078:04:06, 12 March 2008 (UTC) 3032:23:35, 11 March 2008 (UTC) 2949:23:17, 11 March 2008 (UTC) 2935:20:46, 11 March 2008 (UTC) 2891:16:30, 11 March 2008 (UTC) 2831:21:27, 10 March 2008 (UTC) 2812:20:22, 10 March 2008 (UTC) 2792:20:05, 10 March 2008 (UTC) 2757:19:07, 10 March 2008 (UTC) 2698:17:09, 10 March 2008 (UTC) 2631:20:15, 23 April 2008 (UTC) 2616:06:34, 22 April 2008 (UTC) 2581:16:55, 13 April 2008 (UTC) 2523:19:44, 13 April 2008 (UTC) 1341:maybe should take it out. 967:21:41, 25 April 2008 (UTC) 944:18:30, 25 April 2008 (UTC) 904:23:38, 24 April 2008 (UTC) 598:20:37, 21 April 2008 (UTC) 317:22:17, 3 August 2007 (UTC) 207:Canadian Oxford Dictionary 5604:doesn't necessarily imply 5365:Graduate from high school 5019:01:06, 26 July 2008 (UTC) 4997:00:19, 26 July 2008 (UTC) 4981:23:02, 25 July 2008 (UTC) 4959:22:41, 25 July 2008 (UTC) 4931:17:17, 25 July 2008 (UTC) 4905:08:11, 25 July 2008 (UTC) 4883:08:04, 25 July 2008 (UTC) 4864:02:41, 24 July 2008 (UTC) 4830:23:52, 19 June 2008 (UTC) 4802:20:05, 18 June 2008 (UTC) 4739:Pacific Northwest English 4588:03:52, 18 June 2008 (UTC) 4036:00:35, 28 June 2008 (UTC) 4018:14:08, 26 June 2008 (UTC) 3066:Southern American English 2670:18:51, 8 March 2008 (UTC) 1674:in Canada--to rhyme with 1617:23:00, 29 July 2008 (UTC) 1602:21:44, 29 July 2008 (UTC) 730:Oxford English Dictionary 497:18:35, 16 July 2007 (UTC) 476:15:10, 14 July 2007 (UTC) 429:23:02, 10 July 2007 (UTC) 412:17:25, 10 July 2007 (UTC) 398:17:05, 10 July 2007 (UTC) 377:16:58, 10 July 2007 (UTC) 332:19:35, 28 June 2007 (UTC) 282:19:49, 28 June 2007 (UTC) 256:20:24, 27 June 2007 (UTC) 219:a garbage disposal unit. 5355:my daughter is at school 4534:05:04, 5 June 2008 (UTC) 4515:03:35, 5 June 2008 (UTC) 4468:06:07, 5 June 2008 (UTC) 4307:01:27, 5 June 2008 (UTC) 4128:, though. Perhaps that 4092:23:59, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3998:19:36, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3926:17:42, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3857:07:38, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3842:06:01, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3828:05:53, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3808:03:30, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 3787:13:45, 19 May 2008 (UTC) 3771:13:39, 19 May 2008 (UTC) 3558:01:53, 14 May 2008 (UTC) 3494:22:05, 13 May 2008 (UTC) 3450:21:15, 13 May 2008 (UTC) 3426:22:13, 12 May 2008 (UTC) 3402:20:01, 12 May 2008 (UTC) 3360:19:24, 12 May 2008 (UTC) 3336:22:27, 11 May 2008 (UTC) 3318:20:07, 11 May 2008 (UTC) 2546:: American approximates 1891:ch it to your parcel, dr 1362:google Liquor+Commission 163:23:57, 3 July 2007 (UTC) 141:22:54, 29 May 2007 (UTC) 127:13:27, 16 May 2007 (UTC) 5581:Bob & Doug McKenzie 5329:. However, we may say 5325:whenever you would say 4913:Hey guys. Try reading 4645:Western/Central Canada 3916:, like most Canadians. 3894:Niagara Falls, New York 3751:14:46, 7 May 2008 (UTC) 2014:After you consider the 1968:is just a speech error. 1855:t's why there's now a f 1651:George and Ira Gershwin 842:then shifts to the in 732:, the only instance of 4112:, 2:35. When he says 3952: 3898:Niagara Falls, Ontario 3009:(loosely) rhymes with 2994:from all over the U.S. 2211:as “\'bag also 'bāg\”. 1949:Homework assignment #1 1653:. Speaking of which, 4057:It sounds to me like 3946: 3208:) but before and ( 2010:Something Interesting 1918:The lowest ash is in 18:Talk:Canadian English 5555:is used another way. 5361:Graduate high school 5315:My 2 American cents: 2094:Canadian Vowel Shift 2016:Canadian Vowel Shift 1863:ckages anywhere in C 1144:heard a word that's 1079:Scarborough, Ontario 933:and similar words. 742:James Thomas Farrell 209:indicates the word, 5045:Example, i am from 3884:as /ˈproʊɡrɛs/, or 3546:personal experience 2740:Californian speaker 2290:is used to signal " 1899:ff at a local post 1544:personal experience 5521:I had assumed the 5246:, both terms from 5057:in town i support 4104:hmm... that guy's 2714:" pronounced by a 2296:flag-plague merger 2078:that way as well. 1953:California English 1125:Saskatchewan Slang 1071:If I Had $ 1000000 553:sounds a lot like 5108:Manchester United 4862: 4729: 4728: 4294:Standard Canadian 4071:cot-caught merger 3914:cot-caught merger 3728:is somewhat like 3278: 3262:comment added by 3185: 3169:comment added by 3088:section? Thanks! 2470:(\'ske-lə-təl\). 2391:pronunciation of 2380:pronunciation of 2028:Detroit, Michigan 1969: 1835:"Ship in a click" 1022: 1006:comment added by 906: 890:comment added by 611:) 27 August 2008 523: 511:comment added by 363: 351:comment added by 196: 184:comment added by 138: 125: 107: 90:comment added by 66: 58: 5635: 5624: 5622: 5419: 5417: 5379: 5377: 5327:go to university 5142:fairweather fans 4994: 4992: 4956: 4954: 4869:Canadian Accents 4852: 4811: 4799: 4797: 4734:This means that 4657:1404 (ON: 1392) 4628:Atlantic Canada 4608: 4607: 4577: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4427: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4354: 4343: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4304: 4302: 4292:? There's also 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4135: 4127: 4107: 4068: 4052: 4015: 4013: 3995: 3993: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3949: 3938: 3934: 3866:Canadian raising 3816:Canadian raising 3748: 3746: 3642: 3640: 3491: 3489: 3357: 3355: 3298:General American 3257: 3244: 3242: 3235: 3223: 3219: 3199: 3195: 3164: 3151: 3148: 3053: 3049: 3029: 3027: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2965: 2961: 2888: 2886: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2809: 2807: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2716:Canadian speaker 2705: 2695: 2693: 2642:General American 2586:What's the diff? 2516: 2513: 2315:Units of Measure 2306: 2304: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2177: 2175: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2115: 2109: 2066: 2064: 2049: 2024:Windsor, Ontario 1977: 1975: 1963: 1936: 1883:liday gifts to f 1813: 1809: 1805: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1739:General American 1729: 1727: 1698: 1696: 1686:does rhyme with 1558: 1556: 1471: 1468: 1372: 1369: 1323: 1320: 1264: 1262: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1219: 1217: 1109: 1106: 1075:Barenaked Ladies 1046: 1044: 1001: 941: 939: 885: 854: 852: 837: 758: 722: 635: 633: 565: 563: 506: 495: 484: 427: 346: 338:Lost Girls Diary 261:I removed " and 221: 220: 179: 161: 153:Canadian raising 137: 119: 106: 84: 67: 62: 54: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5519: 5504:142.167.154.131 5500: 5478: 5476:"conspicuously" 5438: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5390: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5294: 5237: 5213: 5164: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4871: 4837: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4755:Springfield, MO 4751:Bloomington, IL 4542: 4496: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4237: 4192: 4171: 4014: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3795: 3758: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3712:Dog's breakfast 3693: 3653: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3632:ongoing project 3620:citation needed 3578: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3149: 3144: 3085: 3028: 3025: 3023: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2638: 2588: 2514: 2509: 2374: 2317: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2012: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1851:t a premium. Th 1728: 1725: 1723: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1624: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1525: 1510:206.174.203.238 1469: 1464: 1370: 1365: 1338: 1321: 1316: 1292: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1189: 1127: 1107: 1102: 1045: 1042: 1040: 997: 983: 940: 937: 935: 853: 850: 848: 818: 774: 753: 717: 706:British English 664: 634: 631: 629: 620: 564: 561: 559: 504:User:Low German 490: 422: 369: 353:124.179.176.246 325: 246: 156: 133:User:JackLumber 123: 85: 73: 49: 29: 27:Dialect surveys 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 5641: 5631: 5630: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5596: 5562:69.154.185.205 5557: 5556: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5531: 5518: 5515: 5499: 5498:Transportation 5496: 5485:64.231.109.179 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5414: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5374: 5369:M-W usage note 5358: 5316: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5272: 5236: 5233: 5212: 5209: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5177:Labov, p. 222. 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5059:Sunderland AFC 5024: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5004: 5003: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4989: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4951: 4945: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4908: 4907: 4891: 4890: 4870: 4867: 4836: 4833: 4805: 4804: 4794: 4790: 4763:Harrisburg, PA 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4731: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4654:811 (ON: 805) 4652: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4471: 4470: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4422: 4416: 4409: 4408:I think so :). 4402: 4396: 4389: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4358:CLOTH/THOUGHT 4356: 4349: 4338: 4331: 4325: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4299: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4196:CLOTH/THOUGHT 4194: 4190: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4021: 4020: 4010: 4000: 3990: 3953: 3944: 3870:Canadian Shift 3862: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3830: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3757: 3754: 3743: 3704:The real McCoy 3692: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3486: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3320: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3264:Rogue Linguist 3250: 3249: 3239: 3232:is pronounced 3189: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3171:Rogue Linguist 3131: 3130: 3129: 3084: 3081: 3035: 3034: 3024: 3013:(but not with 2995: 2970:and the short 2955: 2894: 2893: 2883: 2815: 2814: 2804: 2760: 2759: 2749: 2700: 2690: 2637: 2634: 2619: 2618: 2587: 2584: 2570: 2569: 2555: 2541: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2487: 2486: 2402:142.165.246.30 2397: 2396: 2389: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2358:142.165.246.30 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2301: 2191:(vāgue — long 2172: 2072: 2071: 2061: 2054:to rhyme with 2011: 2008: 1983: 1982: 1972: 1946: 1931: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1903:ffice or mailb 1831: 1828:Canadian Shift 1823: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1782: 1781: 1735: 1734: 1724: 1704: 1703: 1693: 1623: 1620: 1605: 1604: 1588: 1587: 1564: 1563: 1553: 1524: 1521: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1442: 1441: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1382: 1381: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1276:203.94.135.134 1271: 1270: 1269: 1259: 1230:203.94.135.134 1214: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1067: 1066: 1051: 1041: 996: 993: 982: 981:Pencil crayons 979: 978: 977: 976: 975: 974: 973: 972: 971: 970: 969: 936: 912: 911: 910: 909: 908: 907: 892:Rogue Linguist 876: 875: 874: 873: 860: 859: 849: 832:Canadian Shift 817: 814: 813: 812: 811: 810: 798: 797: 792:Toddsschneider 773: 770: 769: 768: 767: 766: 765: 764: 763: 762: 726: 663: 660: 659: 658: 640: 630: 619: 616: 560: 547: 546: 545: 544: 513:74.101.234.193 500: 499: 468: 467: 466: 465: 464: 463: 462: 461: 436: 435: 434: 433: 432: 431: 404: 386: 383: 368: 365: 329:80.177.205.209 324: 321: 320: 319: 285: 284: 245: 244:Innu and Inuit 242: 224: 199: 176: 166: 165: 145: 121: 110: 72: 69: 28: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5640: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5600:3-day weekend 5597: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5460:24.67.137.170 5457: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5383: 5380: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5323:go to college 5320: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5276:Haqqalikitaaq 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5190: 5188:Labov p. 218. 5187: 5186: 5184: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5140:We call them 5139: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5005: 4998: 4995: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4960: 4957: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4822:208.104.45.20 4819: 4815: 4803: 4800: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4713:Mid-Atlantic 4712: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4662:Inland North 4661: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4611:Dialect area 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4580:208.104.45.20 4572: 4564: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4526:208.104.45.20 4522: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460:208.104.45.20 4457: 4456: 4450: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4390: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4350: 4347: 4339: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4308: 4305: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4165: 4159: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4084:208.104.45.20 4080: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3986: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3930: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3918:208.104.45.20 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834:208.104.45.20 3831: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3820:208.104.45.20 3817: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3725:Fuddle-duddle 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661:208.104.45.20 3658: 3646: 3643: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550:208.104.45.20 3547: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3495: 3492: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3442:208.104.45.20 3438: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394:208.104.45.20 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3361: 3358: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328:208.104.45.20 3325: 3322:Oh yeah, and 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3310:208.104.45.20 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3231: 3227: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3140: 3136: 3135:kill-oh-metre 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070:208.104.45.20 3067: 3062: 3058: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3030: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011:there he goes 3008: 3004: 3000: 2997:The vowel of 2996: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2941:208.104.45.20 2937: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2927:208.104.45.20 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2889: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823:208.104.45.20 2820: 2813: 2810: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2784:208.104.45.20 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2764:208.104.45.20 2762:Thanks Jack. 2758: 2755: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2675:The vowel of 2674: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662:208.104.45.20 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623:208.104.45.20 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593:208.104.45.20 2583: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2310: 2307: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2229:(băg — short 2228: 2224: 2221:with a short 2220: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199:(băg — short 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2183:(băg — short 2182: 2178: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080:208.104.45.20 2077: 2070: 2067: 2057: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2032:208.104.45.20 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1992:208.104.45.20 1988: 1981: 1978: 1967: 1961: 1960:transcription 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743:208.104.45.20 1740: 1733: 1730: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1708:208.104.45.20 1702: 1699: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678:; of course, 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:208.104.45.20 1619: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:208.104.45.20 1569: 1562: 1559: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529:208.104.45.20 1520: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394:Indefatigable 1390: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087:208.104.45.20 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 992: 991: 988: 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 947: 946: 945: 942: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919: 918: 917: 916: 915: 914: 913: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 882: 881: 880: 879: 878: 877: 872: 869: 864: 863: 862: 861: 858: 855: 845: 841: 833: 829: 828: 827: 826: 823: 822:208.104.45.20 809: 806: 802: 801: 800: 799: 796: 793: 790: 786: 785: 784: 783: 780: 761: 757: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 725: 721: 715: 711: 707: 703: 702: 701: 698: 694: 693: 692: 689: 685: 684: 683: 680: 676: 675: 674: 673: 670: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 639: 636: 626: 625: 624: 615: 612: 610: 606: 600: 599: 595: 591: 585: 584: 580: 576: 570: 569: 566: 556: 552: 543: 540: 535: 534: 533: 530: 526: 525: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 505: 498: 494: 488: 480: 479: 478: 477: 474: 460: 457: 454:differently. 452: 451: 450: 447: 442: 441: 440: 439: 438: 437: 430: 426: 419: 415: 414: 413: 410: 405: 401: 400: 399: 396: 392: 387: 384: 381: 380: 379: 378: 375: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 343: 342: 339: 334: 333: 330: 323:Curb and Kerb 318: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286: 283: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254: 249: 241: 240: 236: 232: 228: 222: 218: 214: 213: 208: 204: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 174: 173:Use: Officer 164: 160: 154: 150: 149: 148: 143: 142: 139: 134: 129: 128: 124: 117: 111: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 81: 77: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 48: 47: 42: 38: 33: 19: 5617: 5576: 5558: 5552: 5537: 5522: 5520: 5517:@ JackLumber 5501: 5482: 5479: 5443:24.87.41.247 5439: 5433: 5429: 5412: 5391: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5297: 5295: 5238: 5217: 5214: 5196: 5191:Labov p.218. 5180:Labov p. 218 5165: 5115: 5111: 5069:92.41.37.112 5063: 5044: 5039: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5025: 4987: 4949: 4872: 4846:invigilators 4845: 4841: 4838: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4792: 4779:Hamilton, OH 4767:Columbia, MO 4595: 4570: 4562: 4543: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4478:173.34.39.46 4448: 4437:NORTH/FORCE 4345: 4297: 4288:? Or maybe 4272:NORTH/FORCE 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4078: 4074: 4063:and for once 4062: 4058: 4054: 4008: 3988: 3956: 3947: 3940: 3905: 3901: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3796: 3759: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3656: 3654: 3635: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3585: 3579: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3414: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3302:Inland North 3293: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3145: 3138: 3134: 3086: 3060: 3056: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2983: 2971: 2967: 2954:Oops, fixed. 2938: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2881: 2818: 2816: 2802: 2798: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2620: 2589: 2571: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2510: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2472:SpikeToronto 2467: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2398: 2392: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2337: 2318: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2256:than before 2255: 2249: 2235:SpikeToronto 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2157:SpikeToronto 2121: 2091: 2075: 2073: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2013: 2004: 2003: 1986: 1984: 1970: 1965: 1948: 1942: 1938: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1833:An example: 1819: 1815: 1799: 1786: 1757: 1736: 1722: 1705: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1662:rhymes with 1659: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1625: 1606: 1565: 1551: 1547: 1526: 1506: 1465: 1429:LCB in BC -- 1424: 1366: 1339: 1317: 1293: 1257: 1212: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1190: 1187:Abbreviation 1167: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1120: 1103: 1068: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028:chesterfield 1027: 1008:Patrolmanno9 998: 995:Chesterfield 984: 954: 949: 934: 930: 926: 922: 868:Robyn Wright 847: 843: 839: 831: 819: 775: 749: 745: 737: 733: 713: 709: 665: 628: 621: 618:The and Thee 613: 601: 590:72.78.156.79 586: 575:SpikeToronto 571: 558: 554: 550: 548: 539:Robyn Wright 501: 486: 473:65.94.52.100 469: 456:Robyn Wright 417: 409:Diego Gravez 390: 374:Diego Gravez 370: 344: 335: 326: 294:First Nation 250: 247: 231:SpikeToronto 226: 223: 216: 211: 210: 206: 202: 198: 186:61.8.148.101 175: 167: 144: 130: 112: 109: 78: 74: 59: 51: 44: 34: 30: 5530:experience? 5292:In & at 5185:"Labov2" : 5146:Thegryseone 5120:167.1.176.4 5086:Thegryseone 5032:Englishisms 5011:Thegryseone 4973:Thegryseone 4923:Thegryseone 4875:167.1.176.4 4775:Halifax, NS 4759:Trenton, NJ 4507:Azalea pomp 4381:I think :). 4028:Thegryseone 3943:, page 308: 3849:Azalea pomp 3800:Azalea pomp 3576:Listishness 3306:Southerners 3258:—Preceding 3165:—Preceding 3139:Ki-lah-metr 2921:, and that 2560:: Canadian 2550:, Canadian 2532:: Canadian 2485:Additional: 2354:Cholesterol 2122:identically 2110:) and Don ( 2098:Mississauga 1609:Thegryseone 1358:thenslc.com 1152:Jessicahalo 1002:—Preceding 886:—Preceding 688:Pandacomics 507:—Preceding 407:(American). 347:—Preceding 180:—Preceding 86:—Preceding 5351:at college 5319:University 5174:"Labov" : 5112:supporters 4919:this essay 4915:this essay 4897:Kman543210 4617:FLEECE F2 4614:FLEECE F1 4333:TRAP/BATH 4175:TRAP/BATH 4007:article. 3880:as /bin/, 3876:pronounce 3779:Kman543210 3763:Bellagio99 3734:boondoggle 3722:in 1827. 3628:discussion 3618:, such as 3594:Trekphiler 3418:Kman543210 3133:I believe 3019:Terry goes 3015:Harry goes 2636:Car, There 2608:Kman543210 1594:Stratus123 1312:no bearing 734:these ones 714:those ones 710:these ones 662:These ones 395:Bladestorm 306:Montagnais 275:Esquimault 253:Caixiaohui 212:garburator 203:carburetor 46:Muckapædia 5434:saltchuck 5349:, never * 5337:, never * 5248:Inuktitut 4771:Miami, FL 4623:PRIZE F2 4620:PRIZE F1 4348:words :). 4340:LOT/PALM 4181:LOT/PALM 4110:seventeen 4059:four a am 3696:Go figure 3007:Mary goes 2782:, right? 2778:sound in 2548:oaf-fence 2538:DEE-fence 2534:duh-fence 2382:candidate 2339:Jethro 82 2100:(west of 1966:neologism 1911:t simple. 1672:"car key" 1670:is often 1449:Gregalton 644:Miramichi 446:Fuchikoma 391:somewhere 5398:BalthCat 5256:Skookum1 5222:Skookum1 5198:DumZiBoT 4850:coldacid 4787:Montreal 4783:Lena, IL 4679:Midland 4286:this one 4114:alphabet 3957:low back 3882:progress 3677:Skookum1 3272:contribs 3260:unsigned 3179:contribs 3167:unsigned 3090:23skidoo 2552:uf-fence 2468:skelĕtal 2456:skeletal 2438:estrogen 2430:conomics 2419:conomics 2414:I heard 2393:economic 2328:however) 2018:and the 1297:Howa0082 1173:Skookum1 1146:supposed 1016:contribs 1004:unsigned 987:RFBailey 959:Skookum1 900:contribs 888:unsigned 805:Lesouris 779:Lesouris 748:" (s.v. 679:BalthCat 648:BalthCat 605:Lesfreck 509:unsigned 487:envelope 349:unsigned 302:Labrador 279:Rmhermen 217:noun Cdn 182:unsigned 100:contribs 88:unsigned 64:CONTRIBS 41:American 37:Canadian 5553:"Hoser" 5523:obvious 5430:skookum 5218:nouveau 5116:plastic 5040:culture 4859:contrib 4820:in GA. 4424:SQUARE 4404:CHOICE 4370:FLEECE 4260:SQUARE 4242:CHOICE 4208:FLEECE 3933:/æ,ɛ,ɪ/ 3657:default 3651:Default 3630:and my 3624:per nom 3592:? ;D) 3234:/'hɒki/ 2706:(as in 2566:stat-is 2562:stat-us 2544:offence 2530:defence 2502:ant-eye 2452:strogen 2445:strogen 2432:(short 2274:before 2102:Toronto 1875:n the C 1814:(as in 1762:phoneme 1690:there. 1643:volcano 1622:Volcano 1199:), not 1083:Toronto 834:: "the 314:Bearcat 310:Naskapi 131:Thanks 92:Shockey 5302:Fremte 5252:Ookpik 5244:anorak 5144:here. 5051:Mackem 5047:Sunlun 4785:; and 4571:fleece 4569:as in 4561:as in 4431:START 4411:MOUTH 4398:PRICE 4391:GOOSE 4364:NURSE 4351:STRUT 4327:DRESS 4266:START 4248:MOUTH 4232:PRICE 4226:GOOSE 4202:NURSE 4187:STRUT 4177:æ̝ˑ~ɛə 4166:DRESS 4120:, and 4079:caught 4055:4 a.m. 3910:rhotic 3738:Lineup 3730:googol 3708:Mackay 3700:hottie 3612:revert 3541:Inland 3294:hockey 3230:hockey 3226:hockey 3146:Double 3119:Fremte 3061:caught 3044:caught 2905:, and 2844:, and 2732:father 2728:bother 2652:, and 2573:Fremte 2558:status 2511:Double 2499:ant-ee 2421:(long 1928:family 1924:Canada 1920:faster 1820:dollar 1800:caught 1787:bother 1758:bother 1688:sparky 1676:sparky 1664:bother 1660:father 1655:tomato 1647:potato 1548:tomato 1523:Tomato 1488:Dl2000 1466:Double 1431:JimWae 1408:Fremte 1367:Double 1343:Fremte 1318:Double 1197:CanEng 1104:Double 816:"Melk" 555:a boat 529:Fremte 298:Quebec 292:are a 271:Eskimo 116:WP:NEO 5593:WP:RS 5585:WP:OR 5577:hoser 5333:, or 5240:Parka 5055:bloke 4818:exist 4725:1353 4719:2393 4708:1450 4702:2379 4696:West 4691:1451 4685:2639 4674:1488 4668:2363 4651:2472 4640:1339 4634:2502 4563:nurse 4443:CURE 4418:NEAR 4384:GOAT 4377:FACE 4321:KIT 4278:CURE 4254:NEAR 4220:GOAT 4214:FACE 4210:ɪi~iː 4160:KIT 3985:WP:OR 3886:llama 3716:Hello 3384:or a 3155:Talk) 3105:RAult 3003:there 2919:merry 2915:marry 2907:marry 2903:merry 2819:there 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