6852:
6842:
995:, on 4 April. At their second meeting the following day, Gandhi informed him that Sheikh Mujib had been arrested and transported to Pakistan though Pakistan had not made this official yet. Asked about the Bangladesh government, he replied, having consulted with Amir-ul Islam the day before, that a provisional government had been formed with Sheikh Mujib as its president with the senior Awami League leaders who had attended the Mujib-Yahya talks as cabinet members. Tajuddin presented himself as the prime minister. Except for Sheikh Mujib, the whereabouts of the other members was unknown. Two crucial resolutions were reached in that meeting: India opened its borders to Bangladeshi refugees saving millions of lives in the upcoming days when Pakistani aggression reached outside major cities, and India allowed the Bangladesh Government to operate within Indian territory. The Indian government also promised to help the Bangladeshi liberation war by any means possible.
931:
same day, Yahya Khan arrived in Dhaka and a series of meetings took place between them until late March. Mujib assured Yahya that his party would not harm West
Pakistan's interests. He also pressed Yahya to withdraw the declaration of martial law immediately; Yahya refused, claiming legal difficulties with that. Mujib offered his assistants, Tajuddin and Kamal Hossain, to meet Khan's legal experts to sort out the difficulties. Yahya accepted the offer, and Kamal Hossain and Tajuddin met his experts and made some progress. Troops and arms were being concentrated from West Pakistan. Mujib urged Yahya to stop the reinforcements, warning him of the consequences. The Awami League leadership expected that on 24 March final negotiations would take place, however, that day passed with no meeting. On 25 March they learned that Yahya's delegation had secretly left Dhaka, leaving the discussions unfinished, killing any hope for a peaceful settlement.
603:, thousands of miles apart. The far larger West Wing (current Pakistan), adjacent to the western border of India, comprised four provinces, and only East Bengal constituted the much smaller East Wing (current Bangladesh), adjacent to the eastern edge of India. Abul Hashim and Shaheed Suhrawardy opposed the partition of Bengal and did not migrate to Pakistan immediately. Even though it was leading the Pakistan cause, the Muslim League's inadequacy to lead Pakistan as a nation was apparent to factions within it. A faction of the 150 Moghultuli Lane-based Muslim League skeptics, led by Kamruddin Ahmed, formed the Gano Azadi League, a civil rights organisation with a small following, in July 1947, a month before the partition of India. In contrast to the Muslim League, the organisation took progressive views on many issues, like the economy, culture, and education. Apart from Tajuddin, other founding members of the Gano Azadi League included
2841:, p. 206: "One of the first things Tajuddin wanted to do after arriving in Calcutta was to get in touch with Chittaranjan Sutar. He was a Hindu Awami Leaguer from Barisal who had been asked by Mujib in the late 1960's to settle in Calcutta to maintain contact with the Indian authorities in case of any help was needed from them. He was living in Bhowanipur area of Calcutta and Tajuddin had memorised his address, instead of writing it down, for security reasons. Tajuddin mentioned the address of Chittaranjan as 26 Prasad Road to Surajit Chattapadhya, a BSF officer, who was looking after him. But there was no road called Prasad Road in Calcutta. Chittaranjan Sutar's name was not listed in the telephone directory because he had changed his name to Bhujanga Bhushan Roy. The street where Chittaranjan Sutar was living had been named after Dr. Rajendra Prasad, a former President of India, and was called Rajendra Road, not Prasad Road."
1108:) was formed, with Osmani as its commander-in-chief. Young people at various locations put up armed resistance. Unable to overcome the Pakistani forces' onslaught, owing mainly to lack of heavy arms and manpower, both soon retreated into Indian territory. As Pakistani forces spread around the country, thousands of youths from occupied Bangladesh crossed the border into India, seeking arms and training to join the fight against the Pakistani occupation force. Among the Tajuddin Government's top priorities was coordinating those ongoing war efforts. In mid-July (10 to 15) the sector commanders of the BDF met at a conference at the Bangladesh Government's headquarters on Theatre Road in Kolkata. The conference set a course for the conduct of the war in the coming months. The irregular guerrilla warriors were named
1262:, dominated by the members of the Mujib Bahini, was formed. His frustration with government and his party was rising quickly; rumours of Tajuddin's desire to resign from the cabinet were circulating. Sensing his frustration, the burgeoning, newly formed political party Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal, desperately in search of a prominent face, approached him. He declined their offer. By September 1974, he had resolved to resign from cabinet after a month-long state tour. However, his intention to resign somehow reached the top of the government before he could act, and within days of his return from the tour in October, the prime minister ordered him to resign. On 26 October 1974, Tajuddin resigned from the cabinet. After his resignation, he remained largely inactive in politics.
840:, the Ayub regime began showing signs of compromise. On 1 February 1969, Ayub Khan announced a conference (popularly known as the Round Table Conference or RTC), in Rawalpindi, on 17 February 1969 with the opposition parties, including the Awami League. The Awami League declared the RTC would not gain credibility with their president, Mujib, imprisoned and refused to attend the conference. Ayub Khan rejected the opposition party forum's plea for Mujib's release citing legal difficulties. A legal battle ensued between the Awami League and the junta over Mujib's release. Faced with popular pressure, the conference was postponed. On 17 February 1969, Tajuddin, just released from imprisonment, joined his two Awami League comrades, lawyers
1041:, an Awami League economist who also escaped Dhaka after the 25 March crackdown and made it to Delhi. In his speech, Tajuddin informed the people of Bangladesh of the formation of the government and the war's progress. He praised the spontaneous armed resistances taking place at the various parts of the country and recognized their leaders. He also gave instructions to the people on the conduct of the war. Describing the Pakistani army's onslaught, Tajuddin asked the international community to express solidarity with the freedom struggle of Bangladesh. The speech was broadcast again the next day on Akashvani Kolkata, the regional service of the Indian state radio, for a broader audience.
715:), with their joint 21-point election manifesto, embodying many popular demands. Tajuddin, running on the Jukta Front ticket, was elected from his constituency, defeating the general secretary of the East Pakistan Muslim League, Fakir Abdul Mannan, by an overwhelming three to one proportion of the vote. At his twenty-nine, he became one of the youngest elected legislators of the assembly. The Jukta Front won a majority in the election, ending the Muslim League's dominance in East Pakistan. However, within months of taking office, the central government dissolved the Jukta Front cabinet on the pretext of conspiring to secede by its chief minister
4955:
663:, a Muslim cleric turned politician, as its president. Tajuddin admired Maulana Bhashani but showed little interest in his party initially. He and his disillusioned former Muslim League fellows kept meeting regularly at their haunts, speculating on the characteristics and the future of Pakistan, envisioning new political parties. Members of that group, notably Oli Ahad and Mohammad Toaha, founded the Jubo League, a youth organisation, at a youth convention that took place in March 1951. Tajuddin was elected a member of the Jubo League executive committee at its first annual council later that year.
750:
League, Tajuddin became close to Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman, one of the founders of the party. Since 1962, following party President Suhrawardy's policy, the Awami League joined a front of democratic parties, called the National Democratic Front (NDF), against Ayub's military regime and ceased functioning as an individual party. In 1964, after Suhrawardy's death, Mujib, the general secretary of the Awami League, revived it as a party in the face of opposition by some senior leaders. Mujib's influence in the Awami League only increased with Tajuddin as his 'right-hand man'.
734:. Ayub Khan declared himself president and chief martial law administrator. Four years later, in 1962, he instituted a new constitution, abrogating the old one, legitimising his junta's rule. He also reformed the election process in his favour and brutally suppressed democratic activities. Tajuddin was arrested in 1958, just after Ayub Khan took over and was imprisoned for a year. Under Ayub's rule, the suffering and deprivation in East Pakistan increased. West Pakistan dominated politics, administration, commerce, industry, and education; West Pakistan's cities, like
813:
the league's support. Meanwhile, just before the conference, President Ayub Khan visited Dhaka at the end of
January 1966 and invited East Pakistani political leaders, including Sheikh Mujib, to a talk. Mujib wanted to seize the opportunity to put forward a few demands, highlighting East Pakistan's interests to the president. Prior to the meeting, Tajuddin, a close confidante of Mujib by then, drafted the demands as a number of specific points, a precursor of the historic six-points demand. However, the demands did not make it to Ayub Khan on that occasion.
2372:, p. 144: "In informal consultations prior to meeting Ayub, Sheikh Mujib decided to press the other Bengali leaders to agree to a common charter of demands to present to Ayub. He further pressed that in this charter there should be included a number of specific points defining the quantum of autonomy which the Bengalis considered to be essential for securing their interest. This was the occasion on which a number of specific points were put down on paper. Tajuddin Ahmed who was then the General Secretary of the Party, put these points down on paper."
7494:
5056:
825:
The military junta and the West
Pakistani political parties viewed six points as a threat to Pakistan's unity. The Ayub Administration was determined to suppress six points by any means. Awami League workers, already being brutally oppressed, came under even greater persecution. Tajuddin himself was arrested in 1966, as were many other senior Awami League leaders. In 1968, while Tajuddin was still in prison, Sheikh Mujib and some others, mostly East Pakistani military officials, were arrested on charges of
486:, Tajuddin's home, was an impoverished hinterland of West Bengal, with a mostly poor Muslim peasant population. During Tajuddin's formative years, British rule in India was nearing its end and Bengal was battered by famines, communal tensions and other problems. It was a hotbed of anti-British activism. Against this backdrop, his political activism began at a very early age, sometimes interrupting his studies. The anti-British activists of Bengal were his earliest political inspiration.
1190:
1124:
occupied
Bangladesh into nine administrative zones, called Zonal Administrative Councils, for administrative convenience. On another order, issued on 18 September, the number was increased to eleven. Each zonal council was chaired by an elected legislator and several administrative officers were appointed by the Government under him. Amidst occasional pressures from within his party, Tajuddin played a key role in keeping the administration from becoming politicised.
5038:
7561:
7444:
4977:
894:, won 81 seats in West Pakistan and appointed no candidates in East Pakistan. Tajuddin ran and was elected from his constituency. With the elections concluded, the president was to inaugurate the National Assembly, and the elected legislators were to draft a new constitution. With the Awami League being in the majority in the assembly, there remained no obstacle to writing a constitution that complied with the
4989:
848:, who were already leading the legal proceedings, on their flight to Rawalpindi to negotiate Mujib's release. Despite its initial objections, the Ayub government eventually conceded and agreed to release Mujib unconditionally so that he could attend the Round Table Conference. Finally, authorities released Sheikh Mujib, the unanimous leader of East Pakistan, from prison on 23 February 1969.
3411:
Mujib Bahini boys who, it was feared, might take advantage of the anarchic situation prevailing at that time to settle their scores with him. In fact
Tajuddin himself had confirmed this reason in a conversation with one of his friends in his Mujibnagar office. We recall that he returned to Dhaka with his cabinet six days later, on December22, by which time the security situation had improved.
1219:. On 23 December, recognising the sacrifice of the freedom fighters and their tremendous potential in building the newborn nation, the Tajuddin government declared that all enlisted and non-enlisted freedom fighters would be inducted into a National Militia. His administration quickly embarked on the immediate task of restoring law and order in the newly independent country.
7568:
3536:, p. 345: "Tajuddin had also been disheartened by the performance of Awami League in power. When he passed through New York shortly after Mujib's visit, I had the opportunity of talking to him alone during lunch at home and later, when I drove him to the airport. Normally a reserved person, he did not hide his bitterness about the way things had gone wrong in Bangladesh."
1150:(RAW). Mujib Bahini clashed with the regular forces at various places. Sector Commanders of the regular forces and Osmani urged the government to bring them under the same command. Tajuddin himself expressed his concern about Mujib Bahini to Indian officials on occasion and to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi at their meeting on 22 October. The situation, however, never improved.
1076:, after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Later the government-in-exile came to be popularly known as the Mujibnagar Government. Mujibnagar was abandoned quickly after the oath ceremony as participants feared a raid by Pakistani forces. The government settled in Kolkata, in exile, for the rest of the warâbriefly at a house on Ballyganj Circular Road and then at 8 Theatre Road.
679:, who succeeded Nazimuddin as the chief minister in 1948, again sided with West Pakistan. Tajuddin, as a Jubo League worker and an early participant of the movement, was elected a member of the University State Language Action Committee to advance Bengali as a state language, set up the in early 1951 by the students of the Dhaka University. The
926:
taking control of East
Pakistan. Mujib kept issuing regular directives to people and party workers. Tajuddin, Kamal Hossain, and Amir-ul Islam were put in charge of drafting the directives. Non-cooperation was an immediate success; people spontaneously defied a curfew imposed by the Army. On 7 March 1971, however, in a
1223:
Though Mujib initially proposed a presidential government, at
Tajuddin's insistence, he accepted a parliamentary system. In the reformed cabinet, with Sheikh Mujib as prime minister, Tajuddin was put in charge of the Ministry of Finance and Planning. He was also appointed a member of the committee in charge of drafting the
700:, close to his home in Gazipur. The school was in poor condition. During his visits to Dhaka at that time, besides taking part in political activism, he often lobbied for managing government aid for the school. After a year and three months, he returned to Dhaka and resumed his studies for his BA in economics in late 1952.
1157:, a key ally of Pakistan, without the Government's knowledge. With Sheikh Mujib on trial in Pakistan for high treason, the same group was also spreading the 'either freedom or Mujib' doctrine. Indian intelligence agencies had discovered the fact just before Mostaq was scheduled to lead the Bangladesh delegation to the
2293:, p. 118: "In the mean time Bengali economists, statisticians and planners began to highlight vigorously the uneven economic development of the two wings of Pakistan... Hitherto, perception of discrimination was based on anecdotal evidence; now at least there were hard facts and figures to back it up."
1045:
office, Mansur Ali the
Finance Minister's, and Colonel Osmani, a retired veteran of the Pakistan army turned Awami League politician, was appointed commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The entire cabinet returned to Kolkata on 13 April, set to take oath at some yet unoccupied place in Bangladesh.
3290:
Aware of this tension between Mujib and
Tajuddin, the youth leaders sought to exploit it to advance their own agenda with Gandhi's blessing. General Uban Singh confirmed this account. RAW's decision to raise a separate militia stemmed from India's fear that the freedom fighters, or the Mukti Bahini,
1450:
I had known and worked closely with Tajuddin before and after independence. He was not only a patriot but also in my view the most serious minded, conscientious and competent as well as the most hardworking among the Ministers. Tajuddin usually took the views of the Planning Commission seriously and,
1123:
Under Tajuddin's premiership, many Bengali bureaucrats, diplomats and military officers serving Pakistan defected to the new Government of Bangladesh. The Government soon established a capable civil administration. On 27 July, Tajuddin, as the prime minister, issued an order (GA/810/345) that divided
998:
While Tajuddin was in Delhi, part of the Awami League leadership congregated in Kolkata. Many of them, notably the youth and student leaders, viewed Tajuddin's meeting with the Indian prime minister as an outrageous act sidelining them. On returning to Kolkata, on 8 April, Tajuddin found and met
945:
Though Yahya Khan promised to resume talks on 25 March, everybody was apprehensive that an armed conflict was imminent. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kept ordering his workers to escape to safety. Despite Tajuddin's and others' repeated insistence, Mujib refused to escape until 25 March, fearing it
898:
demand. The Awami League quickly embarked on drafting a constitution proposal accordingly before the assembly is inaugurated. Sheikh Mujib and the senior Awami League leaders, including Tajuddin, met intensely with a group of legal and economic experts for about a month at a house on the banks of the
824:
In the party council of the Awami League on 14â15 March 1966, Sheikh Mujib was elected president and Tajuddin its general secretary. Promulgated by the Awami League, six points became the voice of the East Pakistani people, their charter of emancipation, while getting little support in West Pakistan.
687:
Despite its critical role in the Language Movement, the Jubo League was unsuccessful as a mainstream political party. Its members made their way into other established political parties. Many of them joined the Awami Muslim League, which after the Language Movement of 1952, emerged as East Pakistan's
642:
provincial government, led by the chief minister Khwaja Nazimuddin, mostly sided with West Pakistan on various issues. The university became an important centre of political activism; as usual Tajuddin became an enthusiastic participant in them. Many Kolkata-based pro-Hashim workers migrated to Dhaka
3410:
It was natural to expect that Tajuddin would be present on the historic occasion of the surrender of the Pakistani Generals on December 16. But he was not. The only plausible explanation of this disappointing absence is the lack of security of his person in Dhaka, particularly because of presence of
1615:
Sheikh Mani, who was also among the group, asked to postpone the broadcast and thereby announcing the formation of the government until they reach Agartala. Tajuddin asked Islam to postpone the broadcast accordingly. However, Islam, pressed by Majumdar, gave permission to broadcast without informing
1477:
Tajuddin used to be a regular and meticulous diarist. An active participant of the Bengali language movement, his diaries during the late 1940s and early 1950s chronicled first-hand accounts of the political activities and events of that time. Those diaries provided material for later researchers on
1387:
Sheikh Mujib used to be the key figure in the Awami League; most major decisions came from him. His arrest in the beginning of the liberation war created a critical leadership void that put Tajuddin in a difficult position. However, Tajuddin quickly earned Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi and her
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and Tripura. The number of refugees would eventually reach ten million. As the war broke out, Bengali soldiers serving in various Pakistani battalions revolted and put up armed resistance against Pakistani forces all over Bangladesh. Rebel commanders of these battalions, unaware of the establishment
1625:
While the rest of the senior leadership had already accepted Tajuddin as the prime minister, Khondaker Mostaq, being the senior most among the leaders, initially laid claim to be the rightful candidate for that position. After being persuaded by others, he eventually accepted the foreign minister's
1265:
From early 1975, Sheikh Mujib began a radical reform of the government and its administration. The Constitution was amended on 25 January 1975 to introduce a presidential form of government, declaring Mujib president. On 24 February 1975 President Mujib banned all political parties except
1044:
Reunited in Agartala, the Awami League leadership pondered the cabinet agenda and distributing cabinet offices. In the absence of President Sheikh Mujib, Syed Nazrul Islam served as acting president, Khondaker Mostaq took the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Qamarauzzaman was given the State Minister's
1012:
plane borrowed from the Indian government and set off in search of other cabinet members scattered around the borders. Flying at low altitudes, the plane stopped at various airstrips at the borders, most of them built by the British Army during the Second World War. After picking up cabinet members
920:
The Awami League is quite competent to frame a constitution and form the Central Government. That would be done with or without the support of any party... The Punjab and Sind can no longer aspire to be the "bastion of power". If we are to move towards a better future, such claims should be avoided
812:
severely damaged the Ayub regime's prestige. The opposition parties of Pakistan sought to exploit the situation by negotiating with the junta for more democratisation; they called for a conference in Lahore on 3 February 1966 and invited rising Awami League leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, to win
683:
got its spark on 27 January 1952 as Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimudduin of Pakistan declared that 'the state language of Pakistan shall be Urdu and no other language'. On 21 February 1952, police opened fire on protest processions at various places, killing several protesters. Police raided
1222:
Released from nine months of imprisonment in Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returned to Dhaka on 10 January 1972. Tajuddin and Mujib met privately on 11 January to decide the future leadership. As was the popular wish, Tajuddin happily agreed to transfer the prime minister's office to Mujib.
1206:
After nine months of war, the Pakistani forces in Bangladesh surrendered at Dhaka on 16 December 1971. Tajuddin and his cabinet returned from Kolkata to Dhaka, now the capital of the newly independent Bangladesh, on 22 December 1971. In an address at the Dhaka airport that day and at the
950:
on the Bangladeshi population there, killing thousands of people. Like the entire nation, the Awami League's leadership was taken by surprise; they scattered, each busy finding their own path to safety, and losing contact with one another for a few days. On the night of 25 March, Tajuddin and
1419:
The split between Mujib and Tajuddin started just after Mujib's return to Bangladesh after independence. S A Karim maintains that the enemies Tajuddin had earned during the war caused his downfall. Tajuddin's distance with Mujib frustrated him deeply. Economist Nurul Islam who had been the deputy
1410:
Only Tajuddin was mentally equipped to lead Awami League out of a situation like this (liberation struggle). That was his biggest strength. He displayed all the initiatives, while his rivals (within Awami League) failed to formulate that else to look for apart from Indian recognition, followed by
930:
in front of a massive gathering, Sheikh Mujib called for an indefinite general strike, asking his people to be prepared for any emergency and issued an ultimatum to the military junta. On 15 March, Tajuddin, as the general secretary of Awami League, issued 35 directives to the people. On the
925:
Unable to secure any compromise on six-points from the Awami League leadership in the previous months, on 1 March, Yahya Khan postponed the inaugural session of the National Assembly on 3 March, indefinitely. Sheikh Mujib immediately called for non-cooperation by his people, effectively
820:
to the committee. They called for a new constitution, ensuring autonomy of provinces on key matters like monetary policy and defence instead of the prevalent absolute central governance. West Pakistani leaders present there received the six points with absolute disappointment; they viewed it as a
790:
Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a
563:
as the general secretary of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League in 1943. Tajuddin, still a school student in Dhaka, joined the Muslim League in the same year. Hashim envisioned the creation of a 'leftist' faction within the Muslim League against the prevailing leadership. He set out to reform the
1438:
After his rise to the senior ranks of the Awami League leadership, Tajuddin had been involved in most major party and government policy decisions. He was an important bridge between the political leadership and the technocrats supporting them. His prominent collaborators include economists Nurul
1378:
Mujib and Tajuddin were complete opposites in many ways. Mujib was a powerful orator and had an uncommon ability to win the trust and loyalty of the people by voicing in simple language their inner thoughts and longings ... Tajuddin was a man of different temperament and talents. He had a lively
1238:
visit to Bangladesh in 1972, Tajuddin's response was cold, and their meeting ended bearing no fruit. According to the 1970 election manifesto spirit, in the first Bangladesh National Budget in 1972, Tajuddin declared the nationalisation of industries. This came under strong criticism. One of the
1134:
Apart from organising the liberation war, over the nine months, Tajuddin had to deal with various problems originating from within his party. As Sheikh Mujib did not explicitly name his successor in his absence, a faction within the Awami League denounced his premiership from the beginning; they
654:
At the same time, as a frequenter of Dhaka's political circles, Tajuddin was drawn increasingly towards the national political arena. He witnessed the marginalization of his 150 Moghultuli faction of the Muslim League at their leader Hashim and Suhrawardy's absence in the political scene of East
591:
newspaper, the Muslim League's mouthpiece, labelled Hashim and his followers as communists in disguise. Both groups contested elections in district party committees. In the 1944 Dhaka district committee elections, Tajuddin helped Kamruddin and the Moghultli group win a surprising victory against
1079:
On 15 April, Tajuddin secretly met Hossain Ali, the deputy high commissioner of Pakistan, in Kolkata. Tajuddin persuaded Ali, along with his Bengali staff, to switch allegiance to the Bangladesh government the day after the cabinet took their oaths. As promised, Ali and 70 employees at the
1003:
rejected the idea of the cabinet outright. Instead, he proposed setting up a revolutionary council dedicated to conducting armed resistance only. Amir-ul Islam explained the inadequacy of the revolutionary council and the necessity of a legal government. After this, and following Qamaruzzaman's
749:
Since the mid-1950s, the Awami Muslim League had been turning towards secularism; it dropped 'Muslim' from its name in 1955, becoming known as the Awami League. It became vocal over the economic disparity between East and West Pakistan and began gaining popularity among the masses. In the Awami
3832:
Khondakar also knew that the situation was bound to be grave once Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Kamaruzzaman and Mansur Ali were released ... Khondakar had had them arrested under various pretexts shortly after Mujib's assassination, and they were still rotting in Dacca Jail. So, Khondakar ...
1574:
Except for predominant Muslim populations, East and West Pakistan had little in common. East Pakistan or East Bengal was not even a part of the Pakistan state as originally imagined by its ideological fathers; Pakistan was rather conceived to be comprising approximately the territories of West
1383:
Mujib deferred to Tajuddin on many critical matters. As the PPP leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto called for a public debate on the six points, which never took place, Mujib nominated Tajuddin to defend his case. During the constitution drafting discussions, after the 1970 elections, Mujib considered
555:, which demanded a separate state for the Muslims of India. Founded in 1906, in Dhaka, the Muslim League's leadership came mostly from the feudal elites. Headquartered in Kolkata, the Bengal Provincial Muslim League, had had little grassroots organisation or activity in Bengal for a long time.
1396:
Tajuddin was found to be the only person who had right political ideas for the task Bangladesh had set before itself. The Government of India also realised that Tajuddin was irreplaceable in the sense that things have been even more chaotic if somebody else other than him took over. These two
1257:
In the new Awami League, and in the new cabinet, Tajuddin found himself increasingly cornered by rival factions. His was growing distant from Mujib; they differed on a number of issues: the National Militia scheme, consisting of freedom fighters, proposed by Tajuddin was abandoned; instead a
798:
There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the
1080:
Deputy High Commission swore allegiance to the Bangladesh Government, turning the Pakistan High Commission on 9 Circus Avenue into the Bangladesh Mission in Kolkata for good. The mission came to house part of the government's offices, most importantly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
422:
In independent Bangladesh, Tajuddin served as the Minister of Finance and Planning in Sheikh Mujib's Cabinet from 1972 to 1974. He was also a member of the committee drafting the Constitution of Bangladesh. He resigned from the cabinet in 1974 to live a quiet life. Following Sheikh Mujib's
851:
Tajuddin attended the Round Table Conference as part of the Awami League delegation led by Mujib. At this conference, the Awami League's six points again came under strong opposition from the West Pakistani politicians. On 13 March, in the concluding session, Ayub Khan approved the
3287:
India developed the Bangladesh Liberation Force plan after it had become aware of the power struggle within the Awami League. Many Awami League leaders opposed Tajuddin as prime minister. Some of the youth and student leaders openly expressed their displeasure with his appointment
6851:
6841:
2547:, p. 88: "The political steering group for this task was headed by Sheikh Mujib and consisted of Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin, Moshtaque, Kamruzzaman, Mansoor Ali, and Kamal Hossain ... Tajuddin was the next most active and enthusiastic interlocutor among the political leaders."
1852:, pp. 51â52: "The Dacca district Muslim League was, in fact, a prisoner within the four walls of Ahsan Manzil, the family headquarters of the Nawab family of Dacca... Nine members of the Dacca Nawab family were members of the Bengal Provincial Legislative Assembly."
915:
as 'bastions of power in Pakistan', two states where his party had won a sweeping majority. So, he asserted, no central government can function without his party's support. To which Tajuddin, as the general secretary of the Awami League, replied in an official statement:
1007:
Tajuddin remained committed to the idea of a provisional government, believing only a legitimate government could muster the international support necessary for the liberation war. On 10 April, accompanied by Amir-ul Islam, Sheikh Mani and others, he boarded an old
746:, became centres of decision making, thrived as centres of trade, commerce and opportunity. The East Pakistan capital, Dhaka, was relegated to near obscurity. West Pakistani business persons dominated major East Pakistan businesses involved in jute and tea, for example.
1428:
It seemed to me that Tajuddin was frequently too outspoken in public. He was deeply frustrated that he had lost the full confidence of Sheikh Mujib, which he had enjoyed in the pre-1971 days. He occasionally gave expression to his frustration in public and was not very
2437:, p. 156: "... in view of mounting tension I was urged to travel to Rawalpindi to make further efforts to secure the release of Sheikh Mujib. Tajuddin Ahmed, who had just been released from jail, Amirul Islam and myself reached Rawalpindi on 17 February."
1415:
Tajuddin's initiative for a joint front of political parties, training the leftist youths as guerrillas, refusals to politicise the administration made him unpopular in his party. His vocal stance against the Mujib Bahini made him unpopular among the youths.
501:
in 1944, securing 12th position in undivided Bengal. After matriculation, Tajuddin briefly lost interest in formal education because of his activism, pausing his studies for three years. At his mother's insistence, he resumed his studies and was admitted to
906:
Meanwhile, the Awami League's victory soared the anxiety among the West Pakistani opposition parties and the military junta alike. The PPP desired for a coalition between the two. After the election, on 20 December in Lahore the PPP leader Bhutto described
418:
on the Bangladeshi population on 25 March 1971, Tajudddin escaped to India. In the absence of Sheikh Mujib, he initiated the set up of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh in 1971 and headed it, operating in exile in India, as its prime minister.
886:, East Pakistan and West Pakistan constituted 162 and 138 seats respectively. The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, secured 160 out of 162 seats in East Pakistan and none in West Pakistan, still becoming the majority. Its closest contender, the
564:
Muslim League organisation in Bengal. As part of this reform, in 1944, Hashim helped found the Muslim League party office in Dhaka at 150 Moghultuli Lane. The office became a haunt for the party's progressive young dissidents, including Tajuddin, led by
1373:
Though Tajuddin and Sheikh Mujib were men of different dispositions, they developed a highly fruitful political rapport between themselves, which proved to be crucial for the birth of Bangladesh. Mujib's biographer S A Karim contrasts between the two:
1459:... Tajuddin Ahmad was quite as fertile in his contributions as any of the academics demonstration deep political insight dialectical skill and an extraordinary capacity to absorb and break down complicated technical issues to their basic essentials.
999:
the group of leaders, including A H M Qamaruzzaman, and informed them of the Delhi meeting's outcomes, including the provisional government. Some of the leadership present there questioned Tajuddin's legitimacy as prime minister. The youth leader
675:-speaking East Bengal, the state language decision was postponed for a while. However, as authorities continued efforts to push Urdu in various guises, the simmering dispute resurged in 1951. The ruling Muslim League provincial government, led by
2607:, p. 178: "It was decided that directives should be issued centrally. Mr. Tajuddin, Amirul Islam and myself were entrusted with the task of drafting directives and issuing them after having these approved by Sheikh Mujib and party leaders."
1295:
and killed Sheikh Mujib and a large part of his extended family on 15 August 1975. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, who held office in Sheikh Mujib's cabinet and was complicit in the conspiracy, immediately ascended to the presidency and imposed
856:
proposal, however, he refused to comment on the autonomy of the provinces as the six points demanded, citing it as a matter that only elected legislators could decide. This effectively postponed it until a general election could take place.
1171:
In September, 40 members of the national and provincial assemblies of the South Zone, issued a statement expressing dissatisfaction on Tajuddin's performance as prime minister and demanded his resignation from the cabinet and Awami League.
684:
the Jubo League's office on 21 and 22 February; Tajuddin, who was residing in the office at that time, barely avoided arrest. As a result of the movement, the government conceded and granted Bengali status as a state language.
3717:
Towards the end of July 1975, armed with information that a plot was on to murder the Father of the Nation, he turned up at 32 Dhanmondi to warn his leader of the impending danger. Bangabandhu, as was his wont, was dismissive of the
410:'s delay in transferring power to the elected legislators. Tajuddin was among Sheikh Mujib's delegation in the Mujib-Yahya talks to settle the constitutional disputes between East and West Pakistan and transfer power to the elected
1401:
India's unwillingness in recognising Bangladesh as a state and no direct military intervention in the early months caused frustration among the Awami League leadership; Tajuddin appreciated the difficulties involved in the matter.
393:
As the General Secretary of the Awami League from 1966, Tajuddin coordinated the party during the tumultuous late 1960s and early 1970s, suffering imprisonment on several occasions. He formulated the early draft of the historic
666:
East and West Pakistan came into a major conflict over the state language question within a month of Pakistan's independence in 1947. West Pakistan leaders, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, advocated for
864:, who reportedly had been pulling the strings of the Round Table Conference from behind the scenes, took over as president. Yahya immediately abrogated the Constitution, imposed martial law, and promised a general election.
1036:
on 10 April, Golok Majumdar arranged the broadcast of Tajuddin's first radio speech as the prime minister of Bangladesh from a clandestine radio station. The speech was recorded in Delhi from a draft prepared by Islam and
1392:, Gandhi's secretary and adviser to her on Bangladesh affair in the early months of the war, explains the reason behind Indian government's preference to Tajuddin over other Awami League leaders as prime minister:
1473:
Tajuddin Ahmed, 46. Prime Minister, a lawyer who has been a chief organizer in the Awami League since its founding in 1949. He is an expert in economics and is considered one of the partyâs leading intellectuals.
794:
The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its
1601:
As a contingency plan, the Awami League leadership was supposed to meet at the house of a former Awami League worker settled in Kolkata named Chittaranjan Sutar. Before leaving for Delhi, Tajuddin asked his
1146:. Though initially commissioned by Osmani to recruit youths for the regular Bangladesh Forces, they eventually emerged as an independent armed force, under the auspices of the Indian intelligence agency
1094:
Starting in Dhaka and other major cities on 25 March, Pakistani forces occupied most of Bangladesh by late April, creating an influx of refugees into the bordering states of India, most notably in
726:
Pakistan framed its Constitution in 1956, more than eight years after its independence, under which a general election was supposed to be held in early 1958. In 1958, however, a military junta, led by
1127:
Tajuddin employed a number of capable diplomats in his government. In early April, he commissioned economist Rehman Sobhan to stop the economic advisor to Pakistani president Yahya Khan, economist
969:), Golok Majumdar received them. Majudmar immediately transported them to Kolkata with him. There, on the night of 30 March and the next day, Tajuddin and Islam had discussions with BSF chief
1273:
Despite their political differences, Tajuddin remained loyal to Mujib and in July 1975, having heard rumours of plots against Mujib rushed to warn him. Mujib did not take the threat seriously.
1246:
In the newly independent country, Mujib government struggled to address numerous problems. A dissident group of Chhatra League, Awami League's student wing, emerged as a political party called
382:(later the Awami League), a dissident offshoot of the Muslim League. The following year, he was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly. As a close confidante, he assisted
954:
Tajuddin came to learn days later that Sheikh Mujib had been arrested on the night of 25 March. Before his arrest, he broadcast the independence of Bangladesh in a radio message.
45:
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elections due next year, Tajuddin joined the Awami Muslim League in 1953, his Jubo League comrade Oli Ahad followed; the same year, he was elected as the general secretary of the
6610:
3291:
under Osmany's command included guerrillas from various political persuasions and many of those guerrillas nurtured an ambition to turn East Pakistan into a Communist nation.
1239:
major arguments against it was that nationalised industries would be unable to find enough skilled manpower to run them. Tajuddin and his fellow planning commission member
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946:
would be used as a pretext to massacre innocent Pakistanis. Tajuddin also remained in Dhaka until 25 March, the night Yahya secretly left Dhaka and the Pakistan Army
459:), to Maulavi Muhammad Yasin Khan and Meherunnesa Khanam in a conservative, middle class Muslim family. He was the eldest of nine siblingsâthree brothers and six sisters.
7833:
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1319:", Tajuddin along with the other three imprisoned Awami League leaders was killed inside the jail by a group of army officers on the instruction of President Mostaq.
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his trusted long-time comrade Amir-ul Islam left their homes and families and went into hiding. They secretly left Dhaka on 27 March for neighbouring India.
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The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states.
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1307:. On 22 August, he was arrested along with fellow Awami League leaders Syed Nazrul Islam, A H M Qamaruzzaman, and Muhammad Mansur Ali and imprisoned at the
1243:
argued that if private enterprises can find manpower within the country the same must be the case for public enterprises and imposed their policies accordingly.
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intellect and an orderly mind. He was no demagogue and he was most persuasive in smaller circles. He had a strong sense of duty and was extremely hard-working.
595:
The Pakistan Movement intensified after the Second World War and the Hindu-Muslim communal riots in Bengal in 1946. In August 1947, India was partitioned, and
366:-based pro-democracy, secular Muslim League faction, which broke with the Muslim League's reactionary party line after the partition of India and the birth of
6770:
1131:, from acquiring fresh foreign aid for Pakistan and persuade Bangladeshi officials serving at Pakistani foreign missions to switch allegiance to Bangladesh.
7808:
6692:
638:. The political atmosphere was grim in East Bengal. From the beginning, tensions developed between East and West Pakistan over various issues. The ruling
6765:
5026:
406:, in which the League gained a historic parliamentary majority. He also coordinated the non-cooperation movement of March 1971 precipitated by President
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Tajuddin's absence from the surrender ceremony and his cabinet's delay in returning to Dhaka has been subject of much controversy. Many sources claim
965:, Tajuddin and Amir-ul Islam crossed the Indian border on 30 March. At the border outpost the regional head of the Indian border security force (
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hosts to find Sutar's address; they could not find it. Tajuddin had to leave without contacting him. This added to the youth leaders' suspicions.
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considerations decided the issue of continued Indian support to Tajuddin despite numerous representations from his opponents within Awami League.
1342:
Zohra was highly supportive of Tajuddin's political activism but had no involvement in politics during his lifetime. After the assassinations of
3758:
1142:, the student wing of the Awami League, workers united under a separate force, initially called the Bangladesh Liberation Force (BLF) and later
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after learning of their arrival. On 1 April, Tajuddin and Islam, accompanied by Majumdar, left for Delhi aboard a military cargo plane.
4954:
6539:
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579:, served as the de facto party headquarters. A rift developed between the Ahsan Manzil group and the 150 Moghultuli (Muslim League) group.
568:, a schoolteacher and later a lawyer. As one of the four 'full-time' party workers, Tajuddin helped Kamruddin publish the party newspaper.
510:
examination from there; instead, he took it from a private college as an irregular student in 1948 and passed, securing fourth position in
1312:
882:, the first of its kind in Pakistan after years of military rule, was held on 7 December 1970. Of the 300 parliamentary seats of the
4823:
1455:
Economist professor Rehman Sobhan, recalls his experience of working with Tajuddin in drafting the constitution after the 1970 election:
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7250:
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4425:] (in Bengali). Vol. 15. Dhaka: Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 51â110.
1153:
By August, Minister of Foreign Affairs Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad and his cohorts at his ministry secretly established a liaison with the
784:, and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise.
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continued with their relentless efforts to discredit him. A lack of coordination among various government bodies arose on occasion.
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719:. Tajuddin was arrested following the dismissal of the cabinet. He took the law examination from prison and earned a BA degree in
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on which Dhaka stands. From those discussions, in which Tajuddin played a key role, an unofficial constitution draft came out.
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as the only state language of multilingual Pakistan. In response to protests from various intellectual and political bodies of
424:
1353:
Tajuddin's first daughter Sharmin Ahmad is an author and activist. His son Sohel Taj is a health and fitness activist and was
711:
chapter of the party. The Awami Muslim League participated in the election in a coalition with some other parties (called the
655:
Bengal and the Ahsan Manzil group's rise. In 1949, the 150 Moghultuli faction cut ties with the Muslim League and founded the
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led the Ahsan Manzil group; both held high offices in the provincial government and in the party. Their propaganda, aided by
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if convinced, strongly supported them during Cabinet discussions. The entire Planning Commission had great respect for him.
1365:'s cabinet in 2009. His second daughter Simeen Hussain was elected as a member of parliament for the Awami League in 2012.
1089:
1014:
340:
4557:]. Vol. 15. Dhaka: Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 263â293.
4357:]. Vol. 15. Dhaka: Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 143â193.
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President Ayub Khan resigned shortly after the conference, ending his 11-year rule; his commander-in-chief of the army,
7460:
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6755:
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5012:
4493:]. Vol. 3. Dhaka: Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 30â32.
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2342:
1654:
4459:]. Vol. 3. Dhaka: Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. pp. 7â12.
802:
East Pakistan should have a separate military or paramilitary force, and Navy headquarters should be in East Pakistan.
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of the Dhaka district. Later, in independent Bangladesh, like all sub-divisions, it was also graduated to a district.
1230:
As minister of finance, Tajuddin strongly resented foreign aid, particularly from the United States. He regarded the
723:. After his return from prison, he was elected as the social welfare and cultural secretary of Awami League in 1955.
704:
816:
Sheikh Mujib and Tajuddin attended the Lahore Conference and put forward the revised version of those points as the
791:
separate Banking Reserve should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan.
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with Tajuddin as its chairman describes their split as 'a great tragedy and bode ill for the future'. He observes:
1331:(died 20 December 2013)) a daughter of a professor. They had four children, three daughtersâSharmin Ahmad (Reepi),
599:
was born as a result, causing mass migration and violence. Pakistan consisted of two geographically non-contiguous
119:
5268:
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1048:
The oath taking ceremony took place on 17 April 1971, at a village along the India-Bangladesh border, called
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651:(popularly called the Students' League) on 4 January 1948. Tajuddin joined the party as a founding member.
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staged by another faction of the army to overthrow the Mostaq regime, in what became infamously known as the "
1072:, retroactively in effect from 10 April. Answering a journalist during the ceremony, Tajuddin named the place
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4481:[First Chapter: 12: Pakistani Deputy High Commissioner in Kolkata Switches Allegiance to Bangladesh]
927:
883:
411:
493:, his district headquarter and the principal town in East Bengal, for further studies. In Dhaka, he went to
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344:
57:
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Dhaka Secretariate the following day, Tajuddin declared Bangladesh would be built upon the principles of
1291:
Capitalising on the growing unpopularity of the Sheikh Mujib government, a faction of the army staged a
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of a provisional government, met along with Colonel M A G Osmani on 4 April. At that meeting, the
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managed to allow the associates of the "killers" inside the jail to brutally kill these four leaders.
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sending Tajuddin or Syed Nazrul Islam to lead the central government if such necessity would arise.
506:. There he attended classes irregularly because of his activism. As a result, he could not take the
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1017:, and Syed Nazrul Islam from various places on the way, on 11 April, the entourage arrived in
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1168:. Tajuddin removed Mostaq from the UN delegation and sacked him later in December, after the war.
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4447:[First Chapter: 6: Prime minister Tajuddin Ahmad's address to the people of Bangladesh]
1406:, who later replaced Haksar, remarks that Tajuddin was the only capable leader to lead the war:
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1025:, where many other Awami League leaders had taken refuge, including Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad and
696:
Leaving his studies unfinished, Tajuddin left Dhaka in 1951 to work as a master at a school in
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The Constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense based on the
351:
in 1971 and is regarded as one of the most instrumental figures in the birth of Bangladesh.
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8:
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or "Freedom Fighter") and the regular force was named "Regular Force" (popularly called
571:
Traditionally, the Muslim League in Dhaka and East Bengal at large was dominated by the
7539:
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4479:"āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ: ā§§ā§¨: āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĄā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨"
1522:
Tajuddin dropped his surname Khan while registering for his matriculation examination.
799:
constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries.
525:
Tajuddin lost his father at age twenty-two and took over the family responsibilities.
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166:
86:
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nearing its end and Hindu-Muslim tensions on the rise, in 1940 the political party
452:
428:
335:
323:
283:
201:
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3750:
1649:] (in Bengali) (7th ed.). Dhaka: Khoshroj Kitab Mahal. pp. 597â598.
1068:, drafted by Amir-ul Islam and reviewed by Subrata Roy Chowdhury, a lawyer at the
431:
on 3 November 1975, along with three senior Awami League leaders in prison.
6480:
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6103:
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162:
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1588:, also commonly known as the Jubo League, founded later in 1972, in independent
575:; many of its members held high offices in the party. Their residential palace,
439:
Tajuddin Ahmad Khan was born on 23 July 1925 at Dardaria, a village in the
6970:
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6215:
6185:
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5893:
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5187:
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4508:
4445:"āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ: ā§Ŧ: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻŖ"
4229:
3747:
1158:
1139:
1049:
1004:
mediation, most of the leadership at the meeting accepted Tajuddin's proposal.
708:
608:
572:
440:
190:
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4909:
4768:
4658:
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4334:
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4245:
2337:] (in Bengali) (7th ed.). Dhaka: Khoshroj Kitab Mahal. p. 453.
1362:
1358:
1194:
Tajuddin and Syed Nazrul Islam's interview to AP at Dhaka on 25 December 1971
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1234:
as an instrument of United States' domination. During World Bank president
1143:
826:
656:
576:
379:
339:; 23 July 1925 â 3 November 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician. He led the
234:
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1440:
1439:
Islam and Rehman Sobhan; lawyers Kamal Hossain and Amir-ul Islam; author
1297:
1096:
556:
544:
511:
371:
170:
44:
7168:
7158:
6404:
6271:
6246:
6160:
6155:
5414:
5126:
5037:
4843:
1589:
1562:
1231:
1216:
1073:
861:
853:
743:
676:
456:
407:
399:
386:
in revitalising the Awami League into a secular political party during
291:
1303:
Following these assassinations, Tajuddin was immediately placed under
630:
In the newly independent Pakistan, Tajuddin was a resident student of
7729:
7686:
6414:
5121:
3882:
1489:, released on 25 March 2007, features Tajuddin's life and work.
1212:
1208:
1033:
962:
900:
647:, who had enrolled in Dhaka University and a few others, founded the
515:
273:
643:
after the Partition and joined the 150 Moghultuli group. Among them
5525:
5253:
1545:
1018:
604:
4188:(2nd ed.). Chittagong: Bangladesh Co-operative Book Society.
1032:
Before reaching Agartala, during Tajuddin and his group's stop in
7713:
3975:
1544:
East Bengal was officially named East Pakistan in 1956, the year
1022:
958:
821:
secessionist proposal and refused to raise it in the conference.
739:
479:
4804:] (Motion picture) (in Bengali). Bangladesh: Kino-Eye Films.
4261:] (in Bengali). Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Dhaka: Subarna.
4240:] (in Bengali). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Dhaka: Subarna.
4587:] (in Bengali) (10th ed.). Dhaka: Prothoma Prokashan.
3578:
3566:
1267:
735:
463:
4643:] (in Bengali) (2nd ed.). Dhaka: Bhaskar Prokashani.
4259:
Language Movement of East Bengal and the Contemporary Politics
4238:
Language Movement of East Bengal and the Contemporary Politics
2018:
2016:
2014:
1350:, she reorganised and led the Awami League from 1975 to 1981.
980:
402:. He coordinated the Awami League's election campaign for the
7694:
7654:
3108:
2138:
974:
912:
490:
475:
467:
363:
4121:""Tajuddin Ahmed: An Unsung Hero" receives Australian award"
489:
After attending a few schools in Gazipur, Tajuddin moved to
3590:
3539:
2011:
668:
3556:
3554:
3479:
3072:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
5079:
3723:
3371:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2586:
2418:
2416:
2414:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1250:(JSD) in late 1972. The ongoing economic crisis led to a
4838:
4059:
4057:
4055:
3781:
3457:
3455:
3185:
2651:
2649:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2066:
2042:
1867:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1270:. Tajuddin declined to join it and fell out with Mujib.
522:. He also took his law degree from University of Dhaka.
370:. As a member of the short-lived youth organisation the
4030:
4028:
3675:"Mujib Bahini sowed rift between Bangabandhu, Tajuddin"
3551:
3301:
3299:
3250:
3248:
3221:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3021:
2949:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2185:
2173:
2150:
2054:
1843:
1783:
4691:] (in Bengali) (3rd ed.). Dhaka: Muktadhara.
3233:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2881:
2879:
2866:
2864:
2844:
2810:
2808:
2721:
2673:
2661:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2562:
2550:
2499:
2497:
2495:
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2491:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2411:
2363:
2272:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2090:
1713:
1673:
478:
majority population and housed the provincial capital
6839:
4585:
Rise and Fall of JSD: Politics in the Time of Turmoil
4052:
4001:
3735:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3467:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3359:
3347:
3311:
3132:
2646:
2574:
2521:
1927:
1754:
1742:
987:
Provisional Government of Bangladesh § Formation
921:
as they generate unnecessary and harmful controversy.
4555:
History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents
4491:
History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents
4457:
History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents
4423:
History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents
4355:
History of Bangladesh War of Independence: Documents
4025:
4013:
3638:
3335:
3323:
3296:
3245:
3209:
3197:
3144:
3120:
3096:
3084:
3060:
3045:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2922:
2910:
2832:
2709:
2697:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2351:
2284:
2260:
2114:
2102:
2078:
1987:
1975:
1891:
1879:
1855:
1831:
1819:
1807:
4711:
Making of a Nation, Bangladesh: An Economist's Tale
2891:
2876:
2861:
2820:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2685:
2538:
2488:
2309:
Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society
2248:
2236:
2221:
2197:
2126:
1999:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1915:
1903:
1795:
1771:
1311:. On 3 November, amidst the chaos of a second
991:In Delhi, Tajuddin met with India's Prime Minister
753:
4148:
4101:
4089:
4076:
4040:
3789:
1730:
730:, the then minister of defence, seized power in a
7834:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
7829:Candidates in the 1970 Pakistani general election
6564:
4409:[9: Barrister Amir-ul Islam (Interview)]
957:After a perilous journey, mostly on foot through
7745:
6545:2015 Expulsion of Pakistani diplomats from Dhaka
4773:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1083:
5667:Military plans of the Bangladesh Liberation War
4613:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Prothoma Prokashan.
4341:[18: Doctor Kamal Hossain (Interview)]
4166:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Prothoma Prokashan.
3867:
1268:Bangladesh Krishak Sromik Awami League (BAKSAL)
1254:. Anti-Awami League sentiment was on the rise.
4274:
3650:"The commitment of the martyred intellectuals"
3395:"The commitment of the martyred intellectuals"
16:Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1971 to 1972
7789:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
7779:Bangladeshi people who died in prison custody
7476:
6825:
5020:
4824:
4794:Mokammel, Tanvir (director) (25 March 2007).
4572:
3849:"Zohra Tajuddin's anniversary of death today"
3269:The Bangladesh Military Coup and the CIA Link
7819:St. Gregory's High School and College alumni
5702:Pakistan Army order of battle, December 1971
4292:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Sahitya Prakash.
2305:"Development of Underdevelopment: 1947â1969"
1639:'s presence in Dhaka as the main cause. See
934:
867:
427:in a coup d'Êtat, Tajuddin was arrested and
7809:Prisoners who died in Bangladeshi detention
4601:
4280:
4255:āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
4234:āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
3596:
3584:
3572:
3545:
3485:
3114:
3078:
1175:
981:Formation of Bangladesh Government in Exile
470:, consisted of two conceptual regions: the
398:that would eventually lead to the birth of
7483:
7469:
6832:
6818:
5707:Mitro Bahini Order of Battle December 1971
5027:
5013:
4831:
4817:
4407:"ā§¯: āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ (āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇāĻžā§āĻāĻžāĻ°)"
4383:] (in Bengali) (3rd ed.). Dhaka:
4315:] (in Bengali) (2nd ed.). Dhaka:
4078:"Bangladesh: Out of War, a Nation Is Born"
1531:Gazipur used to be one of the constituent
1335:, and Mahjabin Ahmad (Mimi), and one son,
482:, a thriving centre of trade and culture;
132:12 January 1972 â 26 October 1974
43:
6723:Movement demanding trial of war criminals
5834:Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War
5331:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March
4679:
4208:Pakistan: Failure in national integration
3843:
3841:
3644:
3389:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2060:
1765:
1724:
1679:
7814:Recipients of the Independence Day Award
6528:Deaths along the BangladeshâIndia border
5662:Sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War
5356:Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence
4958:Seal of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh
4581:āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ¤āĻ¨: āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
4541:[36: Rehman Sobhan (Interview)]
3929:
3815:
1368:
70:17 April 1971 â 12 January 1972
6621:Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum
6471:International recognition of Bangladesh
5748:Battle of Rangamati-Mahalchari waterway
4473:
4439:
4333:
3102:
2967:
2640:
2616:
2604:
2568:
2556:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2369:
7746:
7199:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
4533:
4180:
3838:
3266:
3239:
2655:
2592:
2580:
2532:
1933:
1885:
1861:
1849:
1813:
1789:
1283:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
7464:
6813:
6563:
6454:
5992:
5829:1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
5376:
5080:Origins of the Bangladeshi Revolution
5078:
5008:
4812:
4731:
4705:
4634:
4578:
4507:
4401:
4306:
4252:
4228:
4202:
4154:
4107:
4095:
4063:
4046:
4034:
4019:
4007:
3787:
3741:
3729:
3699:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3560:
3533:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3473:
3461:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3254:
3227:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3090:
3066:
3054:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2916:
2904:
2885:
2870:
2855:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2628:
2544:
2515:
2503:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2357:
2325:
2315:: 1â12 – via researchgate.net/.
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2215:
2203:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2048:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1873:
1837:
1825:
1801:
1777:
1748:
1736:
1640:
1505:List of prime ministers of Bangladesh
1493:Shahid Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College
649:East Pakistan Muslim Students' League
528:
334:
7839:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
5423:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
4988:
4762:
4689:The Political Life of Tajuddin Ahmad
4551:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§: āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°
4487:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§: āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°
4453:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§: āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°
4419:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§: āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°
4371:
4351:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§: āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ˛āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°
4339:"ā§§ā§Ž: āĻĄāĻā§āĻāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ āĻšā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ (āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇāĻžā§āĻāĻžāĻ°)"
3930:Mohaimen, Pallab (6 November 2020).
3820:. New Delhi: Vikas. pp. 77â78.
3759:"Justice for an Undisclosed Chapter"
3756:
3215:
3203:
3191:
2302:
2023:Hai, Muhammed Abdul (23 July 2010).
1495:in Gazipur is named after Tajuddin.
1090:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
341:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
7063:Centre for Research and Information
6503:1971 Prisoners of War Investigation
4671:: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (
3168:"Tajuddin Ahmed: Our history maker"
2335:Fifty Years of Politics As I Saw It
2022:
1647:Fifty Years of Politics As I Saw It
1446:Economist Nurul Islam said of him:
1327:On 26 April 1959, Tajuddin married
768:1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan
514:. He obtained a BA with honours in
13:
7566:
7559:
5717:East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971
5060:Ministry of Liberation War Affairs
4953:
3983:"Life and times of Tajuddin Ahmed"
3757:Khan, Tamanna (12 November 2010).
466:province, the eastern frontier of
374:, he actively participated in the
14:
7860:
7784:Bangladesh independence activists
6740:War Crimes Fact Finding Committee
6486:Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
6466:Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
4756:
4734:Sheikh Mujib: Triumph and Tragedy
3788:Habib, Haroon (4 November 2006).
3700:Ahsan, Syed Badrul (5 May 2014).
3273:Rupa Publications Private Limited
1685:
1422:Planning Commission of Bangladesh
1021:, capital of the Indian state of
838:the mass popular uprising of 1969
619:
414:. Following the Pakistani army's
7492:
7443:
7442:
7095:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League
6850:
6840:
6647:Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day
5972:Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971
5274:Constitution of Pakistan of 1962
5264:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956
5234:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League
5102:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
5054:
5036:
4987:
4976:
4975:
4539:"ā§Šā§Ŧ: āĻ°ā§āĻšāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ (āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇāĻžā§āĻāĻžāĻ°)"
4113:
4069:
3949:
3923:
3897:
3809:
3765:. The Daily Star. Archived from
3693:
3667:
3383:
3260:
3156:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1557:Not to be confused with the one
1188:
1060:district), on Bangladeshi soil.
754:Six points and the 1969 uprising
688:most promising political party.
614:
378:in 1952. In 1953, he joined the
120:Ministry of Finance and Planning
7799:Politicians from Dhaka Division
7601:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial
7308:Chief Minister of East Pakistan
7127:Non-cooperation movement (1971)
7120:1970 Pakistani general election
6601:Martyred Intellectuals Memorial
5315:1970 Pakistani general election
5290:Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad
4164:Banglar Moddhobitter Attobikash
4149:Late British India and Pakistan
3702:"Restoring Tajuddin in history"
2319:
2296:
1595:
1578:
1568:
1551:
1538:
1443:and journalist Muyeedul Hasan.
1266:one national party, called the
874:1970 Pakistani general election
691:
404:1970 Pakistani general election
7500:National symbols of Bangladesh
5884:1971 Dhaka University massacre
5687:Mutiny on PNS Mangro in Toulon
5305:1969 uprising in East Pakistan
4802:Tajuddin Ahmad: An Unsung Hero
4685:āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨
3816:Dasgupta, Sukharanjan (1978).
1525:
1516:
1483:Tajuddin Ahmad: An Unsung Hero
1258:paramilitary force called the
659:(later the Awami League) with
1:
7804:Prime ministers of Bangladesh
7612:(1971, independence monument)
7251:International Crimes Tribunal
7132:7 March Speech of Bangabandhu
6728:International Crimes Tribunal
6657:Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh)
6652:Independence Day (Bangladesh)
6611:Liberation War Memorial Trust
6535:BangladeshâPakistan relations
6455:
4797:āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻ: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ¸āĻā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻĨāĻŋ
4777:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
4641:Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmad
4635:Ahmed, Siraj Uddin (2010) .
3875:"Biography of Tajuddin Ahmad"
2331:āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻāĻ°
2025:"In memory of Tajuddin Ahmed"
1667:
1643:āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻāĻ°
1084:Organising the Liberation War
434:
390:'s regime in the late 1960s.
7404:Prime Minister of Bangladesh
7386:Vice President of Bangladesh
5849:Shadhin Bangla Football Team
5158:Indian independence movement
4738:The University Press Limited
4715:The University Press Limited
4637:āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻ
4517:The University Press Limited
4317:The University Press Limited
4212:The University Press Limited
4160:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ
1693:"Reminiscing a true patriot"
1641:Ahmad, Abul Mansur (2013).
1066:proclamation of independence
58:Prime Minister of Bangladesh
7:
7794:People from Kapasia Upazila
7178:Sheikh Mujib Administration
6540:2013 Pakistan Embassy siege
6523:2001 Indo-Bangla skirmishes
5993:
5844:Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra
3957:"Sohel Taj resigns from JS"
1661:for a contemporary account.
1498:
495:Saint Gregory's High School
336:[ËtaËdĘudËinËaÉĻmÉd]
10:
7865:
7849:1st Jatiya Sangsad members
7824:University of Dhaka alumni
7733:(national personification)
7593:National Martyrs' Memorial
7290:Prime Minister of Pakistan
6681:Decorations and depictions
6662:Martyred Intellectuals Day
6596:National Martyrs' Memorial
6513:BangladeshâIndia relations
6491:Hamoodur Rahman Commission
5967:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
5854:The Concert for Bangladesh
5283:Bengali self-determination
5269:1958 Pakistani coup d'Êtat
5198:Partition of Bengal (1947)
5143:Partition of Bengal (1905)
4771:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
4579:Ahmad, Mohiuddin (2014).
4381:Bangladesh Government 1971
4307:Hasan, Muyeedul (1992) .
4142:
3818:Midnight Massacre in Dacca
1280:
1225:Constitution of Bangladesh
1148:Research and Analysis Wing
1087:
984:
938:
871:
757:
623:
532:
7706:
7647:
7620:
7596:(1971, national monument)
7577:
7557:
7506:
7440:
7297:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
7281:
7271:Criticism of Awami League
7234:2004 Dhaka grenade attack
7142:Bangladesh Liberation War
7076:
7055:
7002:
6992:Central Working Committee
6979:
6918:
6873:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
6867:Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
6859:
6748:
6710:
6680:
6667:Victory day of Bangladesh
6639:
6588:
6581:
6577:
6559:
6461:
6450:
6392:
6291:
6284:
6229:
6148:
6141:
6061:
6010:
6003:
5999:
5988:
5959:
5874:
5811:
5735:
5632:
5586:
5524:
5480:Special Guerrilla Forces
5413:
5406:
5402:
5372:
5323:
5282:
5249:Bengali language movement
5206:
5135:
5089:
5085:
5074:
5049:
5043:Bangladesh Liberation War
4965:
4951:
4855:
4628:
4275:Bangladesh Liberation War
4253:—— (2017b).
3932:"Fitness Freak Sohel Taj"
3791:"Hasina extends deadline"
1548:adopted its Constitution.
1463:Just after independence,
1433:
1322:
1187:
1182:
941:Bangladesh Liberation War
935:Bangladesh Liberation War
868:The 1970 general election
626:Bengali language movement
592:Shahabuddin's intrigues.
561:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
349:Bangladesh Liberation War
327:
313:
290:
279:
264:
254:
241:
230:
207:
198:Manner of death
197:
176:
145:
140:
136:
125:
118:
108:
96:
74:
63:
55:
51:
42:
33:
23:
7769:Awami League politicians
7357:Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
7224:1988 Chittagong massacre
7149:Independence Declaration
7115:Agartala Conspiracy Case
6879:Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish
6089:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan
6048:Muhammad Hamidullah Khan
5758:Battle of Dhalai Outpost
5644:Pakistan Eastern Command
5336:Non-cooperation movement
5300:Agartala Conspiracy Case
5148:Eastern Bengal and Assam
4885:Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury
4684:
4681:Chowdhury, Serajul Islam
4636:
4606:
4580:
4573:Post-independence career
4550:
4486:
4452:
4418:
4403:Islam, Barrister Amir-ul
4376:
4350:
4308:
4285:
4254:
4233:
4159:
3646:Chowdhury, Serajul Islam
3391:Chowdhury, Serajul Islam
2330:
2147:, pp. 252â253, 271.
1642:
1584:Not to be confused with
1510:
1276:
1176:Post-independence career
831:Agartala Conspiracy Case
764:Agartala Conspiracy Case
34:
7604:(1971, martyr monument)
7588:(1952, martyr monument)
7578:Monuments and Memorials
7326:President of Bangladesh
7282:Presence in governments
6847:Bangladesh Awami League
6589:Monuments and memorials
6508:Bangladeshi nationalism
6242:Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik
5889:Shankharibazar massacre
5672:Eastern Command (India)
5563:Central Peace Committee
5153:All-India Muslim League
4905:Muhammad Habibur Rahman
4290:My Seventy-One (Memoir)
1561:in 1976 in independent
1248:Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal
1104:(BDF, popularly called
888:Pakistan People's Party
810:1965 India-Pakistan War
549:All-India Muslim League
248:All-India Muslim League
7631:(Father of the Nation)
7609:Column of Independence
7571:
7564:
7431:(1996â2001; 2009-2024)
7351:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad
7345:Mohammad Mohammadullah
7154:Provisional Government
6980:Internal Organisations
6951:Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury
6698:Awards and decorations
6119:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad
5727:Operation Cactus-Lilly
5722:Operation Chengiz Khan
5224:Pakistan Muslim League
4959:
4763:Miah, Sajahan (2012).
3267:Khasru, B. Z. (2014).
1475:
1461:
1453:
1431:
1413:
1399:
1381:
1337:Tanjim Ahmad Sohel Taj
923:
805:
632:Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall
332:Bengali pronunciation:
223:Bangladesh (from 1971)
7844:Tajuddin Ahmad family
7764:20th-century Bengalis
7628:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
7570:
7563:
7417:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
7333:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
7056:Related organisations
6931:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
6891:Muhammad Qamaruzzaman
6885:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
6718:2013 Shahbag protests
6688:Muktijuddho e-Archive
6616:Liberation War Museum
6339:Minoo Merwan Engineer
6324:Gopal Gurunath Bewoor
6069:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
5649:Operation Searchlight
5534:Pakistan Armed Forces
5351:Operation Searchlight
5346:Admiral Ahsan Mission
5229:Objectives Resolution
5178:Muslim National Guard
4957:
4865:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
4732:Karim, S. A. (2005).
4547:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur
4475:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur
4441:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur
4415:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur
4347:Rahman, Hasan Hafizur
4335:Hossain, Doctor Kamal
1586:the Awami Jubo League
1481:The documentary film
1471:
1457:
1448:
1426:
1408:
1394:
1376:
1369:Historical evaluation
1013:Muhammad Mansur Ali,
918:
880:1970 general election
777:
645:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
573:Nawab family of Dhaka
545:British rule in India
384:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
362:. He belonged to the
114:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
82:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
7375:Mohammed Shahabuddin
7339:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
7229:Caretaker government
6966:Sayed Ashraful Islam
6899:(Convenor) (1977â78)
6897:Syeda Zohra Tajuddin
6329:Sourendra Nath Kohli
6262:Motiur Rahman Nizami
6129:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
5914:Jathibhanga massacre
5768:Battle of Ajmiriganj
5712:Sinking of PNS Ghazi
5621:(Indo-Bangali group)
5460:Bangladesh Air Force
5214:Dominion of Pakistan
4513:Witness to Surrender
3909:Women Economic Forum
3648:(14 December 2013).
3393:(14 December 2013).
3275:. pp. 216â218.
2303:Gull, Ayyaz (2015).
1260:Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini
1056:district (currently
1027:Colonel M A G Osmani
973:, who had come from
508:Intermediate of Arts
354:Tajuddin began as a
259:Syeda Zohra Tajuddin
220:Pakistan (1947â1971)
103:Position established
7774:Bangladeshi Muslims
7725:(national calendar)
7551:(national language)
7423:Muhammad Mansur Ali
7266:SheikhâWazed family
7046:Mohila Awami League
6989:National Conference
6919:General secretaries
6693:Artistic depictions
6672:Vijay Diwas (India)
6518:Indira-Mujib Treaty
6410:Gopal Swarup Pathak
6369:Inderjit Singh Gill
6314:Jagjit Singh Aurora
6237:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
6114:Muhammad Mansur Ali
6109:Chitta Ranjan Dutta
6099:Dhirendranath Datta
5929:Madhyapara massacre
5824:Bangladesh genocide
5783:Battle of Longewala
5599:Indian Armed Forces
5594:Parliament of India
5112:Bengali nationalism
5097:Bengali Renaissance
4870:Muhammad Mansur Ali
4775:(Second ed.).
4611:Rich Earth (Memoir)
4377:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° ā§§ā§¯ā§ā§§
4085:. 20 December 1971.
3587:, pp. 117â118.
3575:, pp. 118â119.
3194:, pp. 519â524.
2595:, pp. 265â266.
2518:, pp. 246â247.
2075:, pp. 139â152.
2051:, pp. 234â236.
1876:, pp. 191â192.
1333:Simeen Hussain Rimi
1070:Calcutta High Court
1062:Professor Yusuf Ali
892:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
705:Provincial Assembly
657:Awami Muslim League
520:University of Dhaka
380:Awami Muslim League
305:University of Dhaka
270:Simeen Hussain Rimi
150:Tajuddin Ahmad Khan
7679:Royal Bengal Tiger
7572:
7565:
7110:Six point movement
7040:Swechasebak League
7036:(Trade union wing)
6791:Military personnel
6776:Causes and prelude
6631:Shabash Bangladesh
6606:Swadhinata Stambha
6334:Nilakanta Krishnan
6252:Shah Azizur Rahman
5934:Bakhrabad massacre
5924:Chuknagar massacre
5788:Battle of Basantar
5773:Battle of Garibpur
5753:Battle of Goalhati
5677:Meghna Heli Bridge
5324:Declaration of war
5310:1970 Bhola cyclone
5295:Six point movement
5193:Partition of India
4960:
4875:Shah Azizur Rahman
3885:on 29 January 2021
3855:. 20 December 2014
3732:, p. 375â376.
3681:. 7 September 2014
3380:, p. 192â193.
3164:Ahsan, Syed Badrul
2327:Ahmad, Abul Mansur
1388:officials' trust.
1361:in Prime Minister
1329:Syeda Zohra Khatun
1309:Dhaka Central Jail
1112:(popularly called
862:General Yahya Khan
760:Six point movement
585:Khwaja Shahabuddin
551:brought about the
539:Partition of India
529:Late British India
187:Dacca Central Jail
7741:
7740:
7682:(national animal)
7674:(national flower)
7636:Kazi Nazrul Islam
7517:(national anthem)
7514:Amar Sonar Bangla
7458:
7457:
7393:Syed Nazrul Islam
7335:(1971â1972; 1975)
7315:Ataur Rahman Khan
7244:Logi Boitha Rally
7218:Sheikh Hasina Era
7189:Second Revolution
7100:Language Movement
7090:Two-nation theory
7042:(Volunteers wing)
6807:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6706:
6705:
6555:
6554:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6430:Dilip Mahalanabis
6280:
6279:
6137:
6136:
6094:Serajul Alam Khan
6074:Syed Nazrul Islam
5984:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5960:Related conflicts
5944:Sohagpur massacre
5899:Sutrapur massacre
5876:List of massacres
5839:Refugees in India
5793:Battle of Kushtia
5697:Operation Trident
5682:Operation Jackpot
5654:Operation Barisal
5628:
5627:
5475:Bangladesh Police
5465:Bangladesh Rifles
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5183:Direct Action Day
5168:Lahore Resolution
5163:Pakistan Movement
5136:Pakistan Movement
5107:Two-nation theory
5002:
5001:
4880:Ataur Rahman Khan
4786:978-984-32-0576-6
4765:"Ahmad, Tajuddin"
4747:978-984-506-153-7
4698:978-984-8858-63-9
4620:978-984-91201-9-3
4594:978-984-90747-5-5
4526:978-984-05-1373-4
4394:978-984-401-783-2
4385:Agamee Prakashani
4326:978-984-8815-63-2
4221:978-984-506-227-5
4173:978-984-525-106-8
3911:. 8 December 2016
3879:tajuddinahmad.com
3563:, pp. 86â87.
3230:, pp. 23â24.
3117:, pp. 84â85.
2958:, pp. 72â73.
2946:, pp. 75â76.
2858:, pp. 74â75.
2730:, pp. 62â67.
2682:, pp. 57â58.
2670:, pp. 56â57.
2631:, pp. 54â55.
2281:, pp. 68â85.
2218:, pp. 58â59.
2099:, pp. 42â43.
1792:, pp. 47â48.
1751:, pp. 29â30.
1411:military attacks.
1355:minister of state
1236:Robert McNamara's
1204:
1203:
1102:Bangladesh Forces
928:historical speech
884:National Assembly
782:Lahore Resolution
728:General Ayub Khan
581:Khwaja Nazimuddin
553:Pakistan Movement
535:Pakistan Movement
445:Bengal Presidency
412:National Assembly
396:six-points demand
376:Language Movement
317:
316:
87:Syed Nazrul Islam
7856:
7734:
7726:
7722:Bengali calendar
7718:
7699:
7691:
7690:(national fruit)
7683:
7675:
7667:
7659:
7640:
7632:
7613:
7605:
7597:
7589:
7569:
7562:
7552:
7544:
7535:Government Seal
7526:
7525:(national march)
7518:
7497:
7496:
7485:
7478:
7471:
7462:
7461:
7451:
7446:
7445:
7204:Jail Killing Day
6995:Advisory Council
6903:Abdul Malek Ukil
6854:
6848:
6844:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6626:Aparajeyo Bangla
6586:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6561:
6560:
6452:
6451:
6359:Khem Karan Singh
6344:Hari Chand Dewan
6289:
6288:
6181:Mohammad Shariff
6146:
6145:
6084:AHM Qamaruzzaman
6028:Khaled Mosharraf
6008:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5989:
5939:Burunga massacre
5904:Jinjira massacre
5803:Battle of Atgram
5763:Battle of Dhalai
5743:Battle of Daruin
5692:Operation Python
5470:Bangladesh Ansar
5411:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5374:
5373:
5341:Rodionov message
5087:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5058:
5041:
5040:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4991:
4990:
4979:
4978:
4935:Fakhruddin Ahmed
4895:Kazi Zafar Ahmed
4833:
4826:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4790:
4751:
4728:
4702:
4676:
4670:
4662:
4650:984-300-001553-4
4624:
4598:
4568:
4544:
4530:
4504:
4484:
4470:
4450:
4436:
4412:
4398:
4368:
4344:
4330:
4303:
4270:
4249:
4225:
4199:
4177:
4156:Ahmed, Kamruddin
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3881:. Archived from
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3754:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3597:Anisuzzaman 2015
3594:
3588:
3585:Anisuzzaman 2015
3582:
3576:
3573:Anisuzzaman 2015
3570:
3564:
3558:
3549:
3546:Anisuzzaman 2015
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3486:Anisuzzaman 2015
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3166:(23 July 2014).
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3115:Anisuzzaman 1997
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3079:Anisuzzaman 1997
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3043:
3042:, p. 79â80.
3037:
3031:
3030:, p. 81â82.
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2874:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1662:
1660:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1420:chairman of the
1317:Jail Killing Day
1287:Jail Killing Day
1200:, YouTube video
1192:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1162:General Assembly
829:in the infamous
818:six-point demand
717:A. K. Fazlul Huq
661:Maulana Bhashani
636:Dhaka University
583:and his brother
453:Gazipur District
358:youth worker in
338:
333:
329:
284:Afsaruddin Ahmad
183:
159:
157:
141:Personal details
130:
111:
99:
68:
47:
37:
21:
20:
7864:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7853:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7724:
7717:(national game)
7716:
7702:
7698:(national fish)
7697:
7689:
7681:
7673:
7666:(national bird)
7665:
7658:(national tree)
7657:
7648:Flora and fauna
7643:
7639:(National poet)
7638:
7630:
7616:
7611:
7603:
7595:
7587:
7573:
7567:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7543:(national flag)
7542:
7530:National Emblem
7524:
7516:
7502:
7491:
7489:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7436:
7277:
7072:
7051:
7012:(Students wing)
7010:Students League
7003:Political wings
6998:
6975:
6914:
6911:(1981â present)
6855:
6846:
6838:
6808:
6795:
6744:
6702:
6676:
6635:
6573:
6551:
6481:Delhi Agreement
6476:Simla Agreement
6457:
6434:
6388:
6276:
6225:
6133:
6104:Kazi Nuruzzaman
6057:
6018:M. A. G. Osmani
5995:
5976:
5955:
5909:Akhira massacre
5870:
5807:
5798:Battle of Boyra
5778:Battle of Hilli
5731:
5637:
5635:
5624:
5582:
5558:Jamaat-e-Islami
5520:
5477:
5455:Bangladesh Navy
5433:Bangladesh Army
5398:
5360:
5319:
5278:
5202:
5131:
5081:
5070:
5069:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5003:
4998:
4961:
4949:
4851:
4840:Prime ministers
4837:
4793:
4787:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4725:
4699:
4686:
4664:
4663:
4651:
4638:
4631:
4621:
4608:
4595:
4582:
4575:
4565:
4552:
4542:
4527:
4501:
4488:
4482:
4477:, ed. (1982b).
4467:
4454:
4448:
4443:, ed. (1982a).
4433:
4420:
4410:
4395:
4378:
4365:
4352:
4342:
4327:
4310:
4300:
4287:
4277:
4256:
4235:
4230:Umar, Badruddin
4222:
4196:
4174:
4161:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4090:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4026:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3963:. 24 April 2012
3955:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3905:"Sharmin Ahmad"
3903:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3828:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3769:on 21 June 2021
3755:
3748:
3740:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3403:
3401:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3297:
3289:
3283:
3265:
3261:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2892:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:, pp. 8â9.
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1657:
1644:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1596:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1501:
1487:Tanvir Mokammel
1469:described him:
1436:
1371:
1325:
1289:
1279:
1189:
1183:External videos
1178:
1092:
1086:
989:
983:
943:
937:
876:
870:
836:In the face of
806:
776:
770:
756:
694:
628:
622:
617:
566:Kamruddin Ahmed
541:
531:
437:
331:
309:
243:
242:Other political
231:Political party
226:
185:
181:
180:3 November 1975
161:
155:
153:
152:
151:
131:
126:
109:
97:
92:
69:
64:
38:
35:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7862:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7727:
7719:
7710:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7692:
7684:
7676:
7668:
7660:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7633:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7606:
7598:
7590:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7545:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7519:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7503:
7488:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7465:
7456:
7455:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7411:Tajuddin Ahmad
7399:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7377:(2023âPresent)
7372:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7336:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7239:2006â08 crisis
7236:
7231:
7226:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7184:Famine of 1974
7174:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7043:
7037:
7031:
7030:(Farmers wing)
7028:Krishak League
7025:
7019:
7013:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6971:Obaidul Quader
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6936:Tajuddin Ahmad
6933:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6837:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6814:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6756:Liberation War
6752:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6583:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:Related topics
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6379:E. C. Kuruvila
6376:
6374:J. F. R. Jacob
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6216:Siddique Salik
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6196:Khadim Hussain
6193:
6188:
6186:Rao Farman Ali
6183:
6178:
6176:Yaqub Ali Khan
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6152:
6150:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6079:Tajuddin Ahmad
6076:
6071:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6043:A. K. Khandker
6040:
6035:
6033:K M Shafiullah
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6005:
5997:
5996:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5919:Demra massacre
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5894:Ramna massacre
5891:
5886:
5880:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5819:Blood Telegram
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5638:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5509:Hemayet Bahini
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5478:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5188:Noakhali riots
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5117:Bengal studies
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4945:Muhammad Yunus
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Iajuddin Ahmed
4922:
4917:
4915:Latifur Rahman
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:Tajuddin Ahmad
4856:
4853:
4852:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4791:
4785:
4769:Islam, Sirajul
4758:
4757:External links
4755:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4729:
4723:
4703:
4697:
4677:
4649:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4599:
4593:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4535:Sobhan, Rehman
4531:
4525:
4505:
4499:
4471:
4465:
4437:
4431:
4399:
4393:
4369:
4363:
4331:
4325:
4313:Mainstream '71
4304:
4298:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4250:
4226:
4220:
4200:
4194:
4178:
4172:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4127:. 24 July 2008
4125:The Daily Star
4112:
4100:
4088:
4068:
4066:, p. 178.
4051:
4039:
4024:
4012:
4010:, p. 138.
4000:
3989:. 23 July 2009
3987:The Daily Star
3974:
3961:The Daily Star
3948:
3922:
3896:
3866:
3853:The Daily Star
3837:
3826:
3808:
3780:
3746:
3744:, p. 377.
3734:
3722:
3706:The Daily Star
3692:
3679:The Daily Star
3666:
3654:The Daily Star
3637:
3635:, p. 349.
3625:
3623:, p. 348.
3613:
3611:, p. 346.
3601:
3599:, p. 131.
3589:
3577:
3565:
3550:
3548:, p. 118.
3538:
3526:
3524:, p. 272.
3514:
3512:, p. 335.
3502:
3500:, p. 293.
3490:
3478:
3476:, p. 250.
3466:
3464:, p. 266.
3451:
3449:, p. 215.
3439:
3437:, p. 207.
3427:
3425:, p. 206.
3415:
3399:The Daily Star
3382:
3370:
3368:, p. 239.
3358:
3356:, p. 227.
3346:
3334:
3322:
3320:, p. 125.
3310:
3295:
3282:978-8129129086
3281:
3259:
3244:
3242:, p. 275.
3232:
3220:
3218:, p. 523.
3208:
3206:, p. 525.
3196:
3184:
3172:The Daily Star
3155:
3143:
3141:, p. 275.
3131:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2934:, pp. 76.
2921:
2919:, pp. 77.
2909:
2890:
2875:
2860:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2718:, p. 204.
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2658:, p. 267.
2645:
2643:, p. 184.
2633:
2621:
2619:, p. 183.
2609:
2597:
2585:
2583:, p. 265.
2573:
2571:, p. 177.
2561:
2559:, p. 169.
2549:
2537:
2535:, p. 264.
2520:
2508:
2487:
2485:, p. 164.
2475:
2473:, p. 163.
2463:
2461:, p. 161.
2451:
2449:, p. 158.
2439:
2427:
2425:, p. 153.
2410:
2408:, p. 170.
2398:
2396:, p. 137.
2386:
2384:, p. 136.
2374:
2362:
2360:, p. 119.
2350:
2344:978-9844380004
2343:
2318:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2269:, p. 102.
2259:
2247:
2235:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2192:Chowdhury 2019
2184:
2180:Chowdhury 2019
2172:
2168:Chowdhury 2019
2149:
2137:
2125:
2123:, p. 114.
2113:
2111:, p. 113.
2101:
2089:
2087:, p. 156.
2077:
2065:
2061:Chowdhury 2019
2053:
2041:
2029:The Daily Star
2010:
1998:
1996:, p. 211.
1986:
1984:, p. 251.
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1936:, p. 165.
1926:
1914:
1902:
1900:, p. 203.
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1840:, p. 190.
1830:
1828:, p. 189.
1818:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1780:, p. 203.
1770:
1766:Chowdhury 2019
1753:
1741:
1729:
1725:Chowdhury 2019
1712:
1701:. 25 July 2013
1698:The Daily Star
1684:
1680:Chowdhury 2019
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1656:978-9844380004
1655:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1594:
1577:
1567:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1485:, directed by
1478:the movement.
1435:
1432:
1370:
1367:
1324:
1321:
1278:
1275:
1252:famine in 1974
1202:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1159:United Nations
1140:Chhatra League
1085:
1082:
1050:Baidyanathtala
982:
979:
936:
933:
890:(PPP), led by
869:
866:
804:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:
774:The Six Points
772:
771:
755:
752:
709:Dhaka District
693:
690:
621:
620:Early activism
618:
616:
613:
609:Mohammad Toaha
530:
527:
441:Dhaka district
436:
433:
345:prime minister
328:āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻ
320:Tajuddin Ahmad
315:
314:
311:
310:
308:
307:
302:
296:
294:
288:
287:
281:
277:
276:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
245:
239:
238:
232:
228:
227:
225:
224:
221:
218:
211:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
184:(aged 50)
178:
174:
173:
149:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
123:
122:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
91:
90:
84:
78:
76:
72:
71:
61:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
36:āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻšāĻŽāĻĻ
31:
30:
28:Tajuddin Ahmad
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7861:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7731:
7728:
7723:
7720:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7707:Other symbols
7705:
7696:
7693:
7688:
7685:
7680:
7677:
7672:
7669:
7664:
7661:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7637:
7634:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7619:
7610:
7607:
7602:
7599:
7594:
7591:
7586:
7585:Shaheed Minar
7583:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7549:
7546:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7523:
7520:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7495:
7486:
7481:
7479:
7474:
7472:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7453:
7452:
7439:
7430:
7429:Sheikh Hasina
7427:
7424:
7421:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7363:Zillur Rahman
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7280:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7261:Graft scandal
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7209:Indemnity Act
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7034:Sramik League
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6956:Zillur Rahman
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:Zillur Rahman
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6910:
6909:Sheikh Hasina
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6835:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:Anniversaries
6638:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6582:Commemoration
6580:
6576:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6460:
6453:
6449:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:Rameshwar Kao
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:Indira Gandhi
6398:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:K. P. Candeth
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Sam Manekshaw
6297:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6285:Indian allies
6283:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6053:Matiur Rahman
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:Shafaat Jamil
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5991:
5987:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:Major battles
5734:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5634:Campaigns and
5631:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:Indian allies
5585:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5516:Crack Platoon
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:East Pakistan
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:East Pakistan
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:United Bengal
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5018:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5007:
4995:
4994:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4956:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:Sheikh Hasina
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Sheikh Hasina
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4724:984-05-1666-3
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4632:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4607:āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§
4604:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4564:984-433-091-2
4560:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:Salik, Siddiq
4506:
4502:
4500:984-433-091-2
4496:
4492:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4466:984-433-091-2
4462:
4458:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4432:984-433-091-2
4428:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4364:984-433-091-2
4360:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4299:984-465-125-5
4295:
4291:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4204:Jahan, Rounaq
4201:
4197:
4195:984-493-029-4
4191:
4187:
4186:In Retrospect
4183:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4037:, p. 90.
4036:
4031:
4029:
4022:, p. 98.
4021:
4016:
4009:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3827:0-7069-0692-6
3823:
3819:
3812:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3494:
3488:, p. 64.
3487:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3344:, p. 81.
3343:
3338:
3332:, p. 80.
3331:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3308:, p. 64.
3307:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3271:. New Delhi:
3270:
3263:
3257:, p. 67.
3256:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3153:, p. 46.
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3129:, p. 17.
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3093:, p. 83.
3092:
3087:
3081:, p. 83.
3080:
3075:
3069:, p. 16.
3068:
3063:
3057:, p. 82.
3056:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3024:
3018:, p. 81.
3017:
3012:
3006:, p. 79.
3005:
3000:
2994:, p. 45.
2993:
2988:
2982:, p. 78.
2981:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2907:, p. 15.
2906:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2888:, p. 75.
2887:
2882:
2880:
2873:, p. 14.
2872:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2829:, p. 44.
2828:
2823:
2817:, p. 13.
2816:
2811:
2809:
2802:, p. 11.
2801:
2796:
2790:, p. 73.
2789:
2784:
2778:, p. 71.
2777:
2772:
2766:, p. 69.
2765:
2760:
2754:, p. 68.
2753:
2748:
2742:, p. 67.
2741:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2694:, p. 62.
2693:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2506:, p. 31.
2505:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2257:, p. 95.
2256:
2251:
2245:, p. 83.
2244:
2239:
2233:, p. 70.
2232:
2227:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2206:, p. 56.
2205:
2200:
2194:, p. 31.
2193:
2188:
2182:, p. 11.
2181:
2176:
2170:, p. 27.
2169:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2135:, p. 50.
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2063:, p. 26.
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2008:, p. 38.
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1972:, p. 21.
1971:
1966:
1960:, p. 31.
1959:
1954:
1948:, p. 17.
1947:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1924:, p. 71.
1923:
1918:
1912:, p. 29.
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1888:, p. 82.
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1864:, p. 54.
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1816:, p. 53.
1815:
1810:
1804:, p. 35.
1803:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1739:, p. 25.
1738:
1733:
1727:, p. 12.
1726:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1682:, p. 22.
1681:
1676:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1533:sub-divisions
1528:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1363:Sheikh Hasina
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:United States
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1039:Rehman Sobhan
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
994:
993:Indira Gandhi
988:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
952:
949:
942:
932:
929:
922:
917:
914:
910:
904:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
875:
865:
863:
858:
855:
849:
847:
846:Amir-ul Islam
843:
842:Kamal Hossain
839:
834:
832:
828:
822:
819:
814:
811:
801:
797:
795:expenditures.
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
778:
775:
769:
765:
761:
751:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
664:
662:
658:
652:
650:
646:
641:
640:Muslim League
637:
633:
627:
615:East Pakistan
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
540:
536:
526:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Dhaka College
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
449:British India
446:
442:
432:
430:
426:
425:assassination
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:British India
357:
356:Muslim League
352:
350:
346:
342:
337:
325:
321:
312:
306:
303:
301:
300:Dhaka College
298:
297:
295:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:4, including
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
250:(before 1949)
249:
246:
240:
236:
233:
229:
222:
219:
216:
215:British India
213:
212:
210:
206:
203:
202:Assassination
200:
196:
192:
188:
179:
175:
172:
171:British India
168:
164:
148:
144:
139:
135:
129:
124:
121:
117:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
77:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
32:
22:
19:
7522:Notuner Gaan
7507:Main symbols
7447:
7410:
7402:
7384:
7324:
7306:
7288:
7217:
7177:
7164:Mukti Bahini
7140:
7105:United Front
7084:Pakistan Era
7083:
7068:Young Bangla
7048:(Women wing)
7024:(Armed Wing)
7022:Mukti Bahini
7018:(Youth wing)
7016:Youth League
6986:Constitution
6946:Abdur Razzaq
6935:
6425:Jagjivan Ram
6420:Swaran Singh
6364:Sartaj Singh
6211:Inamul Haque
6124:M. A. Hannan
6078:
6023:Ziaur Rahman
5949:
5812:Other events
5619:Mitro Bahini
5504:Afsar Bahini
5499:Baten Bahini
5494:Kader Bahini
5489:Mujib Bahini
5428:Mukti Bahini
5244:United Front
5239:Awami League
4986:
4974:
4930:Fazlul Haque
4890:Moudud Ahmed
4859:
4801:
4796:
4772:
4733:
4710:
4707:Islam, Nurul
4688:
4640:
4610:
4584:
4554:
4512:
4490:
4456:
4422:
4380:
4354:
4312:
4289:
4286:āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°
4258:
4237:
4207:
4185:
4182:Hashim, Abul
4163:
4129:. Retrieved
4124:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4082:
4071:
4042:
4015:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3986:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3960:
3951:
3939:. Retrieved
3935:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3908:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:the original
3878:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3852:
3831:
3817:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3767:the original
3763:Star Weekend
3762:
3737:
3725:
3716:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3678:
3669:
3657:. Retrieved
3653:
3640:
3628:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3409:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3286:
3268:
3262:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3103:Rahman 1982b
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2968:Rahman 1982a
2963:
2951:
2939:
2912:
2834:
2822:
2795:
2783:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2663:
2641:Hossain 1985
2636:
2624:
2617:Hossain 1985
2612:
2605:Hossain 1985
2600:
2588:
2576:
2569:Hossain 1985
2564:
2557:Hossain 1985
2552:
2540:
2511:
2483:Hossain 1985
2478:
2471:Hossain 1985
2466:
2459:Hossain 1985
2454:
2447:Hossain 1985
2442:
2435:Hossain 1985
2430:
2423:Hossain 1985
2401:
2389:
2377:
2370:Hossain 1985
2365:
2353:
2334:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1768:, p. 7.
1744:
1732:
1703:. Retrieved
1696:
1687:
1675:
1646:
1637:Mujib Bahini
1631:
1621:
1611:
1597:
1580:
1570:
1553:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1491:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1359:Home Affairs
1352:
1344:Sheikh Mujib
1341:
1326:
1305:house arrest
1302:
1290:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1245:
1229:
1221:
1205:
1170:
1152:
1144:Mujib Bahini
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:Mukti Bahini
1105:
1093:
1078:
1047:
1043:
1031:
1015:Abdul Mannan
1006:
997:
990:
956:
953:
948:cracked down
944:
924:
919:
905:
877:
859:
850:
835:
827:high treason
823:
815:
807:
748:
725:
702:
695:
692:Awami League
686:
665:
653:
629:
600:
594:
588:
577:Ahsan Manzil
570:
542:
524:
499:matriculated
488:
483:
471:
461:
438:
429:assassinated
421:
392:
353:
319:
318:
244:affiliations
235:Awami League
217:(until 1947)
193:, Bangladesh
182:(1975-11-03)
160:23 July 1925
127:
110:Succeeded by
102:
65:
18:
7759:1975 deaths
7754:1925 births
7419:(1972â1975)
7413:(1971â1972)
7395:(1971â1972)
7371:(2013â2023)
7369:Abdul Hamid
7365:(2009â2013)
7359:(1975â1977)
7347:(1974â1975)
7341:(1972â1973)
7317:(1956â1958)
7299:(1956â1957)
7256:Vision 2021
6961:Abdul Jalil
6926:Shamsul Huq
6384:S. H. Sarma
6354:T. N. Raina
6349:Sagat Singh
6304:S. M. Nanda
6257:Ghulam Azam
6206:Ahmad Zamir
6201:Mitty Masud
5484:Gono Bahini
5219:East Bengal
4969:(I) interim
4920:Khaleda Zia
4900:Khaleda Zia
4603:Anisuzzaman
4309:āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻž 'ā§ā§§
4282:Anisuzzaman
4232:(2017a) .
3993:30 November
3936:Prothom Alo
3889:30 November
3801:30 November
3659:31 December
3404:31 December
3240:Sobhan 1985
2656:Sobhan 1985
2593:Sobhan 1985
2581:Sobhan 1985
2533:Sobhan 1985
1934:Hashim 1998
1886:Hashim 1998
1862:Hashim 1998
1850:Hashim 1998
1814:Hashim 1998
1790:Hashim 1998
1441:Anisuzzaman
1298:martial law
1241:Nurul Islam
1114:Muktijoddha
1110:Gono Bahini
1097:West Bengal
1001:Sheikh Mani
732:coup d'Êtat
713:Jukta Front
557:Abul Hashim
512:East Bengal
497:, where he
484:East Bengal
472:West Bengal
372:Jubo League
347:during the
237:(from 1949)
208:Citizenship
98:Preceded by
7748:Categories
7671:Water lily
7655:Mango Tree
7169:Joy Bangla
7159:Mujibnagar
6860:Presidents
6749:Categories
6570:Categories
6496:War Report
6405:V. V. Giri
6272:Tridev Roy
6267:J.A. Rahim
6247:Nurul Amin
6191:A.O. Mitha
6171:A.K. Niazi
6166:S.M. Ahsan
6161:Tikka Khan
6156:Yahya Khan
6004:Bangladesh
5658:Cable 1971
5415:Bangladesh
5407:Combatants
5380:Combatants
5127:Joy Bangla
5090:Philosophy
4844:Bangladesh
4375:(2010) .
4158:(2020) .
4131:27 January
4108:Umar 2017b
4096:Umar 2017a
4064:Islam 2003
4047:Hasan 1992
4035:Hasan 1992
4020:Islam 2003
4008:Karim 2005
3967:27 January
3941:27 January
3915:24 January
3742:Karim 2005
3730:Karim 2005
3711:5 November
3633:Karim 2005
3621:Karim 2005
3609:Karim 2005
3561:Ahmad 2014
3534:Karim 2005
3522:Karim 2005
3510:Karim 2005
3498:Karim 2005
3474:Islam 2003
3462:Karim 2005
3447:Hasan 1992
3435:Hasan 1992
3423:Hasan 1992
3378:Hasan 1992
3366:Hasan 1992
3354:Karim 2005
3342:Hasan 1992
3330:Hasan 1992
3318:Hasan 1992
3306:Hasan 1992
3255:Hasan 1992
3228:Hasan 1992
3151:Hasan 1992
3139:Karim 2005
3127:Hasan 1992
3091:Islam 1985
3067:Hasan 1992
3055:Islam 1985
3040:Islam 1985
3028:Islam 1985
3016:Islam 1985
3004:Islam 1985
2992:Ahmad 2014
2980:Islam 1985
2956:Islam 1985
2944:Islam 1985
2932:Islam 1985
2917:Islam 1985
2905:Hasan 1992
2886:Islam 1985
2871:Hasan 1992
2856:Islam 1985
2839:Karim 2005
2827:Ahmad 2014
2815:Hasan 1992
2800:Hasan 1992
2788:Islam 1985
2776:Islam 1985
2764:Islam 1985
2752:Islam 1985
2740:Islam 1985
2728:Islam 1985
2716:Karim 2005
2704:Hasan 1992
2692:Islam 1985
2680:Islam 1985
2668:Islam 1985
2629:Islam 1985
2545:Islam 2003
2516:Ahmed 2010
2504:Salik 1997
2406:Jahan 1994
2394:Karim 2005
2382:Karim 2005
2358:Karim 2005
2291:Karim 2005
2279:Jahan 1994
2267:Karim 2005
2255:Karim 2005
2243:Karim 2005
2231:Karim 2005
2216:Karim 2005
2204:Karim 2005
2145:Umar 2017b
2133:Karim 2005
2121:Umar 2017b
2109:Umar 2017b
2097:Karim 2005
2085:Umar 2017b
2073:Umar 2017b
2049:Umar 2017a
2006:Karim 2005
1994:Umar 2017a
1982:Ahmed 2020
1970:Jahan 1994
1958:Karim 2005
1946:Umar 2017a
1922:Karim 2005
1910:Karim 2005
1898:Ahmed 2020
1874:Ahmed 2020
1838:Ahmed 2020
1826:Ahmed 2020
1802:Ahmed 2010
1778:Umar 2017a
1749:Ahmed 2010
1737:Jahan 1994
1668:References
1590:Bangladesh
1563:Bangladesh
1390:P N Haksar
1281:See also:
1232:World Bank
1217:secularism
1118:Mukti Fouj
1088:See also:
1074:Mujibnagar
985:See also:
939:See also:
896:six points
872:See also:
854:federation
758:See also:
744:Rawalpindi
677:Nurul Amin
624:See also:
559:succeeded
533:See also:
457:Bangladesh
435:Early life
408:Yahya Khan
400:Bangladesh
292:Alma mater
156:1925-07-23
7730:Bangamata
7687:Jackfruit
7540:Red-Green
6905:(1978â81)
6893:(1974â75)
6887:(1966â74)
6881:(1957â66)
6875:(1956â57)
6869:(1949â56)
6766:Aftermath
6456:Aftermath
6309:P. C. Lal
6221:K.M. Arif
5612:Air Force
5547:Air Force
5395:Massacres
5383:Campaigns
5122:Bangamata
4736:. Dhaka:
4713:. Dhaka:
4683:(2019).
4667:cite book
4659:776872677
4605:(2015).
4515:. Dhaka:
4511:(1997) .
4373:Imam, H T
4284:(1997).
4267:576634866
4246:576634866
4210:. Dhaka:
4206:(1994) .
4184:(1998) .
3796:The Hindu
3216:Imam 2010
3204:Imam 2010
3192:Imam 2010
2329:(2013).
1616:Tajuddin.
1575:Pakistan.
1213:democracy
1209:socialism
1129:M M Ahmad
1064:read the
1034:Shiliguri
963:Chuadanga
901:Buriganga
703:With the
518:from the
516:Economics
416:crackdown
388:Ayub Khan
286:(brother)
280:Relatives
274:Sohel Taj
128:In office
75:President
66:In office
7450:Category
6761:Genocide
6733:timeline
6393:Civilian
6292:Military
6230:Civilian
6149:Military
6142:Pakistan
6062:Civilian
6011:Military
5636:theaters
5578:Al-Shams
5568:Razakars
5526:Pakistan
5386:Theaters
5254:One Unit
5065:Timeline
4981:Category
4709:(2003).
4549:(ed.).
4537:(1985).
4417:(ed.).
4405:(1985).
4349:(ed.).
4337:(1985).
1546:Pakistan
1499:See also
1429:tactful.
1404:D P Dhar
1348:Tajuddin
1166:New York
1058:Meherpur
1019:Agartala
971:Rustamji
681:movement
605:Oli Ahad
597:Pakistan
589:The Azad
368:Pakistan
265:Children
89:(acting)
25:Bangataj
7714:Kabaddi
7548:Bengali
7077:History
6786:Peoples
6781:Battles
5994:Leaders
5573:Al-Badr
5551:Marines
5448:Z Force
5443:S Force
5438:K Force
5389:Battles
4993:Commons
4143:Sources
3859:12 July
3773:19 July
3718:threat.
3685:12 July
3177:13 July
2034:13 July
1705:13 July
1626:office.
1559:founded
1054:Kushtia
1023:Tripura
959:Kushtia
740:Karachi
698:Sreepur
673:Bengali
480:Kolkata
443:of the
343:as its
324:Bengali
163:Kapasia
7621:People
7498:
7425:(1975)
7353:(1975)
7194:BAKSAL
6711:Trials
5392:Events
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1434:Legacy
1323:Family
1010:Dakota
909:Punjab
899:river
766:, and
736:Lahore
474:had a
464:Bengal
255:Spouse
167:Bengal
7695:Ilish
6771:Films
5859:Album
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1277:Death
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975:Delhi
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601:wings
543:With
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476:Hindu
468:India
451:(now
447:, in
364:Dhaka
191:Dhaka
7663:Doel
5950:more
5864:Film
5608:Navy
5604:Army
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4848:List
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4693:ISBN
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4655:OCLC
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4242:OCLC
4216:ISBN
4190:ISBN
4168:ISBN
4133:2021
4083:Time
3995:2011
3969:2021
3943:2021
3917:2021
3891:2011
3861:2015
3822:ISBN
3803:2011
3775:2016
3713:2020
3687:2015
3661:2013
3406:2013
3277:ISBN
3179:2015
2339:ISBN
2036:2015
1707:2015
1651:ISBN
1466:Time
1357:for
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1313:coup
1293:coup
1285:and
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1138:The
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911:and
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