391:
competition, and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. During the observation phase involving training or practice, all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running or jumping. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be
Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.
2454:
1757:
1441:
166:
131:
2111:
78:
382:
confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for
September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.
420:
197:
lower limb amputees are required to wear their leg prosthesis when they are on the track, and they must run. They cannot hop. People with arm amputations in this class can have elevated padded blocks to place their stumps on for the start of the race. These blocks need to be in a neutral color or a color similar to that of the track, and they must be placed entirely behind the starting line. Their location needs to be such that they do not interfere with the start of any other athlete.
90:
458:
139:
use standard starting blocks because their amputation generally allows for the use of a standard starting position. Use of a specially made carbon fibre running prosthetic leg assists runners in this class in lowering their heart rate compared to using a prosthetic not designed for running. Runners in this class can have lower metabolic costs compared to elite runners over middle and long distances.
146:
Historically, because of low participation rates in men's T43 races, the class has been combined with the T44 class. The combined class was then called T44 and included both single and double below the knee amputees. There was a push in 2008 to avoid this happening because of a perception that double
138:
This class competes in T44. Shank length for people in this class is not uniform, with competitors having different lengths of leg found below their knee. People in this class use a prosthetic limb when competing in athletics. It has three parts: a socket, a shank and a foot. People in this class can
394:
For people in this class with amputations, classification is often based on the anatomical nature of the amputation. The classification system takes several things into account when putting people into this class; these include which limbs are affected, how many limbs are affected, and how much of a
196:
People in this class are not required to use a starting block. They have an option to start from a standing position, a crouch or a 3-point stance. In relay events involving T40s classes, no baton is used. Instead, a handoff takes place via touch in the exchange zone. People in this class who are
142:
Inside the class, shank length does not impact the distance that male long jumpers can jump. A study was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A2, A3 and A4 in the
390:
For this class, classification generally has four phases. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in
381:
had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
204:
If during a jump the athlete's prosthesis falls off and lands closer to the takeoff board than the athlete, the mark is taken where the prosthesis landed. If prosthesis falls off outside the landing zone nearer the board than where athlete landed, the jump counts as a foul.
434:
event. With a 400 metres time of 45.07 seconds recorded on 19 July 2011, he achieved the "A" qualifying requirement for the 2011 World
Championships and the 2012 Summer Olympics. In London 2012, Pistorius became the first amputee to run at the Summer Olympic Games.
66:
defined this class in 2011 as: "Double below knee amputees and other athletes with impairments that are comparable to a double below knee amputation." This includes athletes with loss of muscle power in the lower limbs consistent with Class F57 or F58." The
589:
147:
below knee amputees had a competitive advantage compared to single below knee amputees. Subsequent research related to results for men at the 2012 Summer
Paralympics in London confirmed this to be the case for both the 200 meters and 400 meters.
528:
369:
and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."
150:
The nature of a person's amputations in this class can effect their physiology and sports performance. People in this class use around 7% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as someone without a lower limb amputation.
200:
In field events for this class, athletes are not required to wear a prosthetic. In jumping events, athletes have 60 seconds during which they must complete their jump. During this time, they can adjust their prosthetic.
2427:
597:
30:(track and jump events only), applying to athletes with "Double below knee amputation (or combined arm/leg amputation) or similar disability." It includes ISOD classified athletes from the A4 and A9 classes.
535:
173:
Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42, T43, T44, F42, F43, F44, F56, F57, and F58. The shank length of people in this class can differ dramatically, and is not uniform across the class.
442:, Pistorius set a new world record in the first-round heats of the 200 metres T43/T44 event, finishing with a time of 21.30s. However, he was defeated in the final by Brazilian runner
71:
defined this classification on their website in July 2016 as, "Lower limb affected by limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement".
1303:
985:
632:
176:
The nature of an A9 athlete's amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance. Common problems with intact upper limbs for people in this class include
2434:
2091:
1421:
42:
in the track and jump events. This classification is one of several classifications for athletes with ambulant related disabilities. Similar classifications are
2582:
2277:
1908:
1737:
1664:
1654:
1191:
446:
with a time of 21.45. Alan
Oliveira currently holds the 100m T44 world record after winning the Paralympic Anniversary Games in London with a time of 10.57.
1325:
1055:
213:
There are a number of different events open to people in this class internationally. Many competitions have their own minimum qualifying standards.
409:
athletes but, as I have stated, I made this choice precisely because there were no T43 athletes with qualifying times anywhere close to mine.
2084:
143:
long jump, men in A2, A3 and A4 in the high jump, men in A4, A5 and A6 in the high jump, and men in A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the 400 meter race.
897:
704:
1414:
947:
1730:
1293:
1250:. Newmarket, ON: Author. Available Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Minusvalidos Fisicos, c/- Ferraz, 16 Bajo, 28008 Madrid, Spain.
1138:
77:
2420:
2077:
1407:
2396:
1339:
996:
777:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
479:
1723:
640:
2701:
1827:
2748:
89:
1299:
378:
366:
68:
63:
2401:
2332:
1957:
1269:
1174:
880:
846:
759:
807:
Is It
Cheating to Use Cheetahs? The Implications of Technologically Innovative Prostheses for Sports Value and Rules
2291:
1222:
2464:
2443:
2121:
2100:
669:"An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012"
2311:
443:
2526:
2206:
1862:
1767:
1746:
1430:
111:
2636:
2362:
2012:
2596:
2176:
1922:
898:"Is Increased Residual Shank Length a Competitive Advantage for Elite Transtibial Amputee Long Jumpers?"
820:
An
Insight into the Acceptable Use & Assessment of Lower-Limb Running Prostheses in Disability Sport
705:"Is Increased Residual Shank Length a Competitive Advantage for Elite Transtibial Amputee Long Jumpers?"
439:
374:
1020:"Paralympic Classification Today". International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3.
480:"Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports"
1038:
2453:
1192:"Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification"
2687:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2297:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2162:
2157:
2058:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
667:
Hassani, Hossein; Ghodsi, Mansi; Shadi, Mehran; Noroozi, Siamak; Dyer, Bryce (2015-06-16).
406:
181:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
27:
1386:
1362:
8:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
160:
125:
1113:
534:. Queensland, Australia: International Paralympic Committee. p. 41. Archived from
405:
He took issue with the fact that during the Athens
Paralympics I competed against the
560:
165:
130:
1275:
1265:
1214:
1170:
1117:
1105:
1085:
1025:
920:
876:
842:
755:
727:
177:
2110:
1756:
1440:
776:
2727:
1848:
1206:
1097:
1086:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update"
912:
719:
680:
483:
2412:
2069:
1164:
870:
836:
749:
529:"Research Report - IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments"
427:
1715:
1399:
505:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1101:
419:
23:
2742:
1279:
463:
185:
1218:
1109:
924:
731:
1210:
916:
723:
685:
668:
896:
Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011).
703:
Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011).
431:
1363:"Paralympics 2012: Oscar Pistorius beaten by Alan Oliveira in 200m"
1084:
Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
835:
DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
423:
Oscar
Pistorius at the 2011 World Championships Athletics in Daegu
116:
People who are amputees compete in this class, including ISOD A9.
1144:. Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010
1988:
1983:
838:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
1246:
International Sports Organization for the Disabled. (1993).
2348:
2343:
2338:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
1998:
1993:
666:
895:
822:. Ph.D. Thesis, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK, 2013.
702:
590:"CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY"
1326:"Oscar Pistorius makes history, leaves without medal"
774:
169:
Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson.
134:
Type of amputation for an A4 classified sportsperson.
1083:
957:. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013
869:
Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
453:
2442:
2099:
1131:
95:
Disability type for some T43 classified competitors
948:"PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training"
1745:
1429:
1163:Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01).
83:Colour guide for understanding full body diagrams
2740:
430:is the men's world record holder for T43 in the
154:
834:
809:; Stanford Law School: Stanford, CA, USA, 2009.
561:"IPC Athletics Classification & Categories"
1360:
1162:
872:DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
868:
520:
2428:
2085:
1731:
1415:
1323:
787:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
508:. Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee
471:
498:
2435:
2421:
2092:
2078:
1738:
1724:
1422:
1408:
1253:
1259:
1139:"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes"
684:
1013:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
775:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
751:Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes
418:
191:
164:
129:
1387:"Oliveira breaks T43 100m world record"
584:
582:
580:
477:
2741:
1189:
1090:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science
830:
828:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
526:
385:
365:The classification was created by the
119:
2416:
2073:
1719:
1403:
1050:
1048:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
931:
864:
862:
860:
858:
841:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
747:
743:
741:
698:
696:
662:
660:
658:
577:
100:
1361:Chowdhury, Saj (2 September 2012),
1199:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
905:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
825:
712:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
612:
13:
1300:International Paralympic Committee
1063:International Paralympic Committee
1045:
993:International Paralympic Committee
969:
855:
768:
738:
693:
655:
379:International Paralympic Committee
367:International Paralympic Committee
69:International Paralympic Committee
64:International Paralympic Committee
14:
2760:
1306:from the original on 8 March 2014
188:and peripheral nerve entrapment.
2452:
2109:
1755:
1439:
1340:"Pistorius smashes world record"
506:"Summer Sports » Athletics"
456:
88:
76:
2444:Wheelchair sport classification
2101:Les Autres sport classification
1379:
1354:
1332:
1317:
1286:
1264:. London: Virgin. p. 145.
1240:
1183:
1156:
1077:
1056:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
889:
812:
799:
748:Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06).
1169:. Government Printing Office.
986:"ATHLETICS: RIO QUALIFICATION"
553:
398:
1:
1747:Amputee sports classification
1431:Para-athletics classification
527:Tweedy, Sean (16 July 2010).
449:
155:Upper and lower limb amputees
112:Amputee sports classification
33:
16:Para-athletics classification
1324:Robert Klemko (2012-08-10).
875:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
7:
639:. June 2012. Archived from
105:
38:This classification is for
10:
2765:
2749:Parasports classifications
1166:Care of the Combat Amputee
1102:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013
360:
158:
123:
109:
2696:
2631:
2591:
2521:
2459:
2450:
2387:
2357:
2327:
2306:
2286:
2201:
2171:
2116:
2107:
2007:
1952:
1917:
1857:
1822:
1762:
1753:
1572:
1446:
1437:
1260:Pistorius, Oscar (2012).
208:
1190:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002).
354:2016 Summer Paralympics
334:2016 Summer Paralympics
314:2016 Summer Paralympics
294:2016 Summer Paralympics
274:2016 Summer Paralympics
254:2016 Summer Paralympics
2392:Other disability sports
440:2012 London Paralympics
375:2016 Summer Paralympics
478:Buckley, Jane (2011).
424:
411:
170:
135:
2702:Wheelchair basketball
1828:Wheelchair basketball
1447:Track and jump events
1211:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220
917:10.1123/apaq.28.3.267
724:10.1123/apaq.28.3.267
686:10.3390/sports3020103
422:
403:
192:Performance and rules
168:
133:
633:"Classification 101"
182:shoulder impingement
40:disability athletics
28:disability athletics
386:Becoming classified
161:A9 (classification)
126:A4 (classification)
120:Lower limb amputees
26:classification for
2402:Sitting volleyball
1228:on August 17, 2016
643:on August 16, 2016
565:www.paralympic.org
425:
171:
136:
2736:
2735:
2410:
2409:
2067:
2066:
1713:
1712:
1033:Missing or empty
395:limb is missing.
358:
357:
101:Disability groups
2756:
2728:4.5 point player
2456:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2113:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2070:
1849:4.5 point player
1759:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1443:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1221:. Archived from
1196:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1001:
995:. Archived from
990:
982:
967:
966:
964:
962:
952:
944:
929:
928:
902:
893:
887:
886:
866:
853:
852:
832:
823:
816:
810:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
772:
766:
765:
745:
736:
735:
709:
700:
691:
690:
688:
664:
653:
652:
650:
648:
629:
610:
609:
607:
605:
600:on April 4, 2015
596:. Archived from
594:Queensland Sport
586:
575:
574:
572:
571:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
540:
533:
524:
518:
517:
515:
513:
502:
496:
495:
493:
491:
486:on 11 April 2011
482:. Archived from
475:
466:
461:
460:
459:
415:
216:
215:
92:
80:
24:disability sport
2764:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2692:
2627:
2587:
2517:
2457:
2446:
2441:
2411:
2406:
2383:
2353:
2323:
2302:
2282:
2197:
2167:
2114:
2103:
2098:
2068:
2063:
2003:
1948:
1913:
1853:
1818:
1760:
1749:
1744:
1714:
1709:
1573:Throwing events
1568:
1444:
1433:
1428:
1398:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1295:PISTORIUS Oscar
1292:
1291:
1287:
1272:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1003:
999:
988:
984:
983:
970:
960:
958:
950:
946:
945:
932:
900:
894:
890:
883:
867:
856:
849:
833:
826:
817:
813:
804:
800:
790:
788:
773:
769:
762:
746:
739:
707:
701:
694:
665:
656:
646:
644:
631:
630:
613:
603:
601:
588:
587:
578:
569:
567:
559:
558:
554:
544:
542:
538:
531:
525:
521:
511:
509:
504:
503:
499:
489:
487:
476:
472:
462:
457:
455:
452:
428:Oscar Pistorius
417:
414:Oscar Pistorius
413:
401:
388:
363:
211:
194:
163:
157:
128:
122:
114:
108:
103:
96:
93:
84:
81:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2723:4 point player
2720:
2718:3 point player
2715:
2713:2 point player
2710:
2708:1 point player
2705:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2355:
2354:
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1844:4 point player
1841:
1839:3 point player
1836:
1834:2 point player
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1378:
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1331:
1316:
1285:
1270:
1252:
1239:
1205:(2): 220–237.
1182:
1175:
1155:
1130:
1076:
1044:
1012:
968:
930:
911:(3): 267–276.
888:
881:
854:
847:
824:
811:
798:
767:
760:
737:
718:(3): 267–276.
692:
679:(2): 103–115.
654:
611:
576:
552:
541:on 14 May 2012
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1095:
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1002:on 2016-08-18
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761:9781466507562
757:
754:. CRC Press.
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2397:Powerlifting
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2011:
1956:
1921:
1873:
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1381:
1370:, retrieved
1366:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1334:
1328:. USA Today.
1319:
1308:, retrieved
1294:
1288:
1262:Blade runner
1261:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1202:
1198:
1185:
1165:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1093:
1089:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1065:. March 2016
1062:
1015:
1004:. Retrieved
997:the original
992:
959:. Retrieved
954:
908:
904:
891:
871:
837:
819:
814:
806:
805:Zettler, P.
801:
789:. Retrieved
784:
780:
770:
750:
715:
711:
676:
672:
645:. Retrieved
641:the original
637:Blaze Sports
636:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
593:
568:. Retrieved
564:
555:
543:. Retrieved
536:the original
522:
510:. Retrieved
500:
488:. Retrieved
484:the original
473:
437:
426:
412:
404:
393:
389:
377:in Rio, the
372:
364:
212:
203:
199:
195:
175:
172:
149:
145:
141:
137:
115:
37:
19:
18:
2292:CP football
1372:8 September
1148:19 November
545:19 November
512:19 November
490:12 November
399:Competitors
2312:Equestrian
1035:|url=
1006:2016-08-07
781:Paraplegia
570:2016-07-22
450:References
432:400 metres
159:See also:
124:See also:
110:See also:
34:Definition
2527:Athletics
2207:Athletics
1863:Athletics
1391:BBC Sport
1367:BBC Sport
1280:782993965
1118:207403462
961:August 6,
818:Dyer, B.
180:tearing,
2743:Category
2637:Swimming
2363:Swimming
2013:Swimming
1342:. News24
1310:9 August
1304:archived
1248:Handbook
1232:July 25,
1219:28195770
1123:July 25,
1110:25134747
1069:July 22,
1026:cite web
925:21725118
791:July 25,
732:21725118
647:July 24,
604:July 23,
373:For the
351:01:10.0
339:women's
299:women's
259:women's
228:AQS/MQS
106:Amputees
2597:Cycling
2465:General
2320:Grade 4
2317:Grade 1
2177:Archery
2122:General
1923:Cycling
1768:General
438:In the
361:History
345:T43/44
325:T43/44
305:T43/44
285:T43/44
265:T43/44
245:T43/44
219:gender
2333:Skiing
1958:Skiing
1278:
1268:
1217:
1173:
1116:
1108:
923:
879:
845:
758:
730:
673:Sports
331:53.32
328:49.28
319:men's
311:29.28
308:28.36
291:22.52
279:men's
271:13.53
268:13.24
248:10.95
239:men's
234:Event
225:Class
222:Event
209:Events
62:. The
22:is a
1989:LW6/8
1984:LW5/7
1346:1 Sep
1226:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1114:S2CID
1059:(PDF)
1000:(PDF)
989:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
901:(PDF)
708:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
532:(PDF)
342:400m
322:400m
302:200m
288:22.1
282:200m
262:100m
251:11.3
242:100m
2349:LW12
2344:LW11
2339:LW10
2193:ARST
2188:ARW2
2183:ARW1
2153:LAF6
2148:LAF5
2143:LAF4
2138:LAF3
2133:LAF2
2128:LAF1
1999:LW12
1374:2012
1348:2012
1312:2012
1276:OCLC
1266:ISBN
1234:2016
1215:PMID
1171:ISBN
1150:2011
1125:2016
1106:PMID
1071:2016
1039:help
963:2016
955:USOC
921:PMID
877:ISBN
843:ISBN
793:2016
756:ISBN
728:PMID
649:2016
606:2016
547:2011
514:2011
492:2011
231:BQS
58:and
2688:S10
2583:T58
2578:T57
2573:T56
2568:T55
2563:T54
2558:T53
2553:T52
2548:T51
2543:T44
2538:T43
2533:T42
2298:CP5
2278:F58
2273:F57
2268:F56
2263:F55
2258:T54
2253:T53
2248:T52
2243:T51
2238:T46
2233:T44
2228:T43
2223:T42
2218:T41
2213:T40
2163:SS2
2158:SS1
2059:S10
1994:LW9
1979:LW4
1974:LW3
1969:LW2
1964:LW1
1944:LC4
1939:LC3
1934:LC2
1929:LC1
1909:F58
1904:F57
1899:F56
1894:T47
1889:T46
1884:T45
1879:T44
1874:T43
1869:T42
1705:F57
1700:F56
1695:F55
1690:F54
1685:F53
1680:F52
1675:F51
1670:F46
1665:F45
1660:F44
1655:F43
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1640:F40
1635:F38
1630:F37
1625:F36
1620:F35
1615:F34
1610:F33
1605:F32
1600:F31
1595:F20
1590:F13
1585:F12
1580:F11
1564:T54
1559:T53
1554:T52
1549:T51
1544:T47
1539:T46
1534:T45
1529:T44
1524:T43
1519:T42
1514:T41
1509:T40
1504:T38
1499:T37
1494:T36
1489:T35
1484:T34
1479:T33
1474:T32
1469:T20
1464:T13
1459:T12
1454:T11
1207:doi
1098:doi
913:doi
720:doi
681:doi
407:T44
348:62
60:T46
56:T45
52:T44
48:T42
44:T40
20:T43
2745::
2683:S9
2678:S8
2673:S7
2668:S6
2663:S5
2658:S4
2653:S3
2648:S2
2643:S1
2623:H5
2618:H4
2613:H3
2608:H2
2603:H1
2513:F9
2508:F8
2503:F7
2498:F6
2493:F5
2488:F4
2483:F3
2478:F2
2473:F1
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2369:S2
2054:S9
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2039:S6
2034:S5
2029:S4
2024:S3
2019:S2
1814:A9
1809:A8
1804:A7
1799:A6
1794:A5
1789:A4
1784:A3
1779:A2
1774:A1
1389:.
1365:,
1302:,
1298:,
1274:.
1213:.
1203:19
1201:.
1197:.
1112:.
1104:.
1092:.
1088:.
1061:.
1047:^
1030::
1028:}}
1024:{{
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