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445:". However, his own specific work under the name "Systematics" takes approaches that are still unfamiliar to many current systems specialists, making his work a specialty in a much broader field. In addition, the use of the term "systematics" in biology to refer to the classification of types and forms of organisms creates ambiguity and rather overwhelms the term's current viability within general systemology. Thus reference can be made simply to "Bennettian
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465:. ("Quantitative complexity", as contrasted with "qualitative", results from the presence in a practical setting of two or more actual components of the same qualitative type. However, in practical Systematics, the quantity or amount of a component also has concrete qualitative effects, and the two categories cannot always be separated.)
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Bennettian
Systematics has an integrative programme. Throughout all cultures and throughout all disciplines there are discernible threads of meaning associated with multi-term systems that might otherwise be missed. Bennettian Systematics links with understanding which is connected with structural
491:
Conversely, the "terms" of a given formal system correlate in a general way with the specific degree, type, or level of the system they occur in, so that the terms of a dyad are characterized as "poles", those of a triad as "impulses", those of a tetrad as "sources", those of a pentad as "limits,"
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The logical level of the system depends on the number of the qualitatively different but mutually relevant terms in the system. Bennettian systems thus increase in qualitative complexity, and display new emergent qualities, in a quantized, progressive series as the number of qualitatively distinct
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The series of Multi-Term
Systems can serve in applications as simplified but progressively complex outer checklists to ascertain the objective diagnostic completeness of a survey and analysis of a system or situation. Conversely, the system models can be used "inwardly" as an aid to subjectively
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and his writings. Gurdjieff had taught the significance of the 'law of three' and the 'law of seven' in a meta-scientific context, but
Bennett proposed that there was a 'law' for every integral number, and that this could help people understand practical things such as management and education.
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Every multi-term system so-defined has its special system-level attribute or characteristic emergent quality, such as "dynamism" for the triad, or "significance" for the pentad. The emergence of these qualities, according to the work of
Anthony Blake in what he calls Lattice Systematics, is
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that he developed in the mid-twentieth century. Also referred to as the theory of Multi-Term
Systems or Bennettian Systematics, it focuses on types, levels, and degrees of complexity in systems, the qualities emergent at these levels, and the ability to represent and practically deal with
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In practical
Systematics, Bennett carried this process of elaboration up to the 12-term system as best he could within the constraints of the very limited technical vocabulary currently available to make such distinctions. Beyond the 12-term system he spoke of "societies".
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assessing one's own impartiality, wisdom and adequacy of comprehension. They thus can point toward real structures and processes in the outer world of fact as well as, logically, those structures and processes in the inner world of values and human capacities.
367:("understand") complexity using abstract models. Thus to understand the notions of sameness and difference requires a system or universe of discourse with a minimum of two terms or elements. To understand the concept of relatedness requires three, and so on.
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Each formal level consists of qualitatively independent but mutually relevant "terms" that constitute a "universe of discourse" specific to that level, and terminology suitable at one level can cause category confusion when used in other contexts.
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was launched by
Bennett’s Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences in 1963 to publish a diversity of articles relating to this programme. Systematics also led into the development of a new learning system called
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Bennett has described his discipline of
Systematics in quite general terms as "the study of systems and their application to the problem of understanding ourselves and the world." He notes in this general context 4 branches of Systematics:
412:
studies "the properties of systems without reference to the nature of the terms. It consists mainly of the investigation of possible modes of connectedness which evidently can be very complex for systems with more than three or four
528:, and so on, open-endedly. Systems progress in complexity from the monad up, and from vague wholeness to increasingly articulate structure that reaches into society, history and the ontological fabric of the cosmos.
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Bennett correlates the logical levels or leaps of qualitative complexity with what he calls the "concrete" or "qualitative" significance of number, perhaps again analogous to what
Russell calls "relation number" in
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Formal
Bennettian systems are defined around and focus on the idea of logical or qualitative complexity rather than quantitative complexity. There is thus a possible analogy to the philosophical program of
17:
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mysterious but not random and occurs within a process involving both increasing "spiritualization" of will and increasing specification or "materialization" of function.
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Thus in formal Systematics, Bennettian systems are abstract, and each system represents a qualitative or logical "type" or level analogous to the logical levels used by
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and in looser reference to Pythagorean traditions, although Bennett was at pains to distinguish what he was doing from various kinds of mere "numerology".
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Each system beyond the first contains subsystems and all systems, theoretically, are embedded in supersystems with a higher number of terms.
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focuses on "the application of the understanding gained through the study of systems to the problems that arise in all departments of life".
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published from 1963 to 1974. Bennettian Systematics has been further refined and advanced by students such as A. G. E. Blake,
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unity and how insight from one area of experience can be transferred to another without distortion. A journal called
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Bennettian Systematics evolved through various stages of formulation as described in his major, four-volume work
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Systematics: The Journal of the Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences,
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Systematics: The Journal of the Institute for the Comparative Study of History, Philosophy and the Sciences
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Bennett's use of the term "Systematics" is basically synonymous with what today falls under the terms "
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seeks "to identify and describe the universal properties or attributes common to all systems".
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on number as archetypal, as well as with the philosophies of engineers such as
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historical tradition but was influenced by twentieth century movements such as
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is a central but partial part of the Bennettian Systematics of the ennead.
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Parallels can be drawn between Bennettian Systematics and the work of
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Elementary Systematics – a tool for understanding wholes
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374:(initially published 1955-1966) and in various articles in
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646:, which later became a broad methodology called
604:work. The strongest personal influence was from
512:The series of Bennettian systems includes the
274:introducing citations to additional sources
766:website about Systematics, with many links.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
343:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
18:Systematics – study of multi-term systems
738:The Dramatic Universe, Vols. I – IV
733:in: Systematics, Vol 1 No. 1, June 1963.
532:Practical and applied Bennettian systems
264:Relevant discussion may be found on the
193:This article includes a list of general
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772:. A website with further materials.
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199:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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52:This article has multiple issues.
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60:or discuss these issues on the
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362:(1897–1974) to a branch of
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716:Systematics Vol. 1 No. 1.
648:logovisual thinking (LVT)
644:structural communication
423:Practical Systematics –
214:more precise citations.
618:Marie Louise von Franz
598:general systems theory
566:philosophy of organism
360:John Godolphin Bennett
93:relies excessively on
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506:Principia Mathematica
417:Applied Systematics –
372:The Dramatic Universe
358:is the name given by
712:J.G. Bennett (1963)
542:Enneagram of Process
410:Formal Systematics –
270:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
782:LOGOVISUAL THINKING
731:General systematics
714:GENERAL SYSTEMATICS
675:Systems philosophy
622:Buckminster Fuller
590:logic of relations
404:Pure Systematics –
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570:C. S. Peirce
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558:Pythagorean
455:Systematics
435:systemology
356:Systematics
212:introducing
32:Systematics
804:Fourth Way
798:Categories
740:, 1955-66.
691:References
614:C. G. Jung
600:and other
574:pragmatism
296:newspapers
195:references
128:newspapers
95:references
57:improve it
665:Systemics
632:Programme
606:Gurdjieff
546:Gurdjieff
451:Systemics
431:systemics
326:July 2022
266:talk page
220:July 2022
63:talk page
784:website.
654:See also
441:", and "
394:Overview
747:, 1970.
552:History
472:in his
447:Systems
413:terms".
310:scholar
208:improve
142:scholar
588:, and
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526:tetrad
449:" (or
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522:triad
514:monad
317:JSTOR
303:books
149:JSTOR
135:books
624:and
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518:dyad
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