926:
47:
76:
1001:
158:). He was a devious tyrant who killed visitors to show off his power. This violation of the sacred hospitality tradition greatly angered the gods. They punished him for trickery of others, including his cheating death twice. The gods forced him to roll an immense boulder up a hill only for it to roll back down every time it neared the top, repeating this action for
816:, whose job it was to guide souls to the underworld, had not appeared on this occasion. Sisyphus slyly asked Thanatos to demonstrate how the chains worked. As Thanatos was granting him his wish, Sisyphus seized the opportunity and trapped Thanatos in the chains instead. Once Thanatos was bound by the strong chains, no one died on Earth, causing an uproar.
1047:. When Orpheus descends and confronts Hades and Persephone, he sings a song so that they will grant his wish to bring Eurydice back from the dead. After this song is sung, Ovid shows how moving it was by noting that Sisyphus, emotionally affected for just a moment, stops his eternal task and sits on his rock, the Latin wording being
904:
belief that his cleverness surpassed that of Zeus himself. Hades accordingly displayed his own cleverness by enchanting the boulder into rolling away from
Sisyphus before he reached the top which ended up consigning Sisyphus to an eternity of useless efforts and unending frustration. Thus, pointless
991:
In experiments that test how workers respond when the meaning of their task is diminished, the test condition is referred to as the
Sisyphusian condition. The two main conclusions of the experiment are that people work harder when their work seems more meaningful, and that people underestimate the
827:
was sent to chain
Sisyphus and was chained himself. As long as Hades was trapped, nobody could die. Consequently, sacrifices could not be made to the gods, and those that were old and sick were suffering. The gods finally threatened to make life so miserable for Sisyphus that he would wish he were
1093:
for him were those qualities that brought out the
Sisyphus-like qualities in himself. According to Frederick Karl: "The man who struggled to reach the heights only to be thrown down to the depths embodied all of Kafka's aspirations; and he remained himself, alone,
984:, speculates that the origin of the name "Sisyphus" is onomatopoetic of the continual back-and-forth, susurrant sound ("siss phuss") made by the breath in the nasal passages, situating the mythology of Sisyphus in a far larger context of archaic (see
848:. Once back in Ephyra, the spirit of Sisyphus scolded his wife for not burying his body and giving it a proper funeral as a loving wife should. When Sisyphus refused to return to the underworld, he was forcibly dragged back there by
945:, King Sisyphus is the disk of the sun that rises every day in the east and then sinks into the west. Other scholars regard him as a personification of waves rising and falling, or of the treacherous sea. The 1st-century BC
953:
interprets the myth of
Sisyphus as personifying politicians aspiring for political office who are constantly defeated, with the quest for power, in itself an "empty thing", being likened to rolling the boulder up the hill.
820:, the god of war, became annoyed that his battles had lost their fun because his opponents would not die. The exasperated Ares intervened, freeing Thanatos, enabling deaths to happen again and turned Sisyphus over to him.
1355:
1288:
831:
Before
Sisyphus died, he had told his wife to throw his naked corpse into the middle of the public square (purportedly as a test of his wife's love for him). This caused Sisyphus to end up on the shores of the river
976:, saw Sisyphus as personifying the absurdity of human life, but Camus concludes "one must imagine Sisyphus happy" as "The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart." More recently,
1329:
1064:, Socrates looks forward to the after-life where he can meet figures such as Sisyphus, who think themselves wise, so that he can question them and find who is wise and who "thinks he is when he is not."
988:) trance-inducing techniques related to breath control. The repetitive inhalation–exhalation cycle is described esoterically in the myth as an up–down motion of Sisyphus and his boulder on a hill.
2367:
1575:
2312:
1352:
1285:
778:
in one of his plots to kill
Salmoneus, only for Tyro to slay their children when she discovered that Sisyphus was planning on using them to eventually dethrone her father.
2208:
1940:
with an
English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918.
1326:
2269:
1984:
with an
English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.
855:
In another version of the myth, Persephone was tricked by
Sisyphus that he had been conducted to Tartarus by mistake, and so she ordered that he be released.
2039:
2019:
1890:
1998:
1988:
1967:
905:
or interminable activities are sometimes described as "Sisyphean". Sisyphus was a common subject for ancient writers and was depicted by the painter
1880:
1857:
1837:
1876:
with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919.
1537:
744:). King Sisyphus promoted navigation and commerce but was avaricious and deceitful. He killed guests and travelers in his palace, a violation of
1833:
with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
1778:
Wolfgang Mieder. 2013. Neues von Sisyphus: Sprichtwortliche Mythen der Antike in moderner Literatur, Medien und Karikaturen. Vienna: Praesens.
1173:
2233:
2175:
2337:
2332:
2302:
2111:
1918:
2065:
1639:
2307:
2274:
2213:
1944:
722:
2414:
2279:
2229:
754:' domain, thus angering the god. Sisyphus took pleasure in these killings because they allowed him to maintain his iron-fisted rule.
2317:
1499:
925:
1912:
1803:
1712:
1571:
1809:
2419:
2399:
2394:
2434:
2429:
2409:
1691:
2389:
1977:
1439:
1281:
2104:
1469:
1101:
uses the myth of Sisyphus as a representation of a life made meaningless because it consists of bare repetition.
2081:
715:
2444:
2439:
844:
that this was a sign of his wife's disrespect for him, Sisyphus persuaded her to allow him to return to the
1098:
985:
869:
860:
373:
69:
2036:
2016:
1995:
1985:
1964:
1887:
1877:
1854:
1834:
424:
288:
2097:
559:
323:
1529:
2404:
1226:
896:
As a punishment for his crimes, Hades made Sisyphus roll a huge boulder endlessly up a steep hill in
708:
31:
17:
272:
1231:
962:
that his punishment is based on a picture in which Sisyphus was represented rolling a huge stone
2454:
2449:
1953:
1933:
1612:
1322:
334:
296:
264:
2075:
1902:
46:
1239:
1941:
2322:
1304:
1122:
1079:
1044:
972:
358:
316:
58:
868:, there is a reference to the father of Odysseus (rumoured to have been Sisyphus, and not
770:
on just how to kill Salmoneus without incurring any severe consequences for himself. From
8:
1252:
930:
845:
414:
346:
221:
2059:
1633:
251:(σίσυς, "a goat's skin"), in reference to a rain-charm in which goats' skins were used.
167:
2188:
2155:
1679:
1159:
1133:
1108:
977:
958:
suggested that he symbolises the vain struggle of man in the pursuit of knowledge, and
790:
632:
449:
369:
354:
338:
300:
1151:
981:
2424:
2264:
1908:
1799:
1749:
1708:
1687:
1507:
1220:
1005:
955:
499:
326:
75:
2203:
2160:
1139:
837:
774:
onward, Sisyphus was famed as the craftiest of men. He seduced Salmoneus' daughter
740:
Sisyphus was the founder and first king of Ephyra (supposedly the original name of
690:
537:
394:
308:
260:
181:
110:
54:
171:
84:
2121:
2043:
2023:
2002:
1992:
1971:
1948:
1894:
1884:
1861:
1841:
1793:
1654:
1443:
1359:
1333:
1292:
1104:
1060:
959:
741:
554:
361:, through Almus. Another account related that Minyas was Sisyphus's son instead.
151:
96:
1187:– also tasked with the impossible: to fell a self-regenerating tree on the Moon
1146:
1136:, a 2021 South Korean TV series, which uses the myth as a symbol for its theme.
1071:
884:
2015:
translated by Brookes More (1859–1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922.
966:, symbolic of the labour and skill involved in the building of the Sisypheum.
900:. The maddening nature of the punishment was reserved for Sisyphus due to his
2383:
1628:
1165:
963:
746:
143:
2089:
1169:
1127:
1067:
1014:
967:
946:
942:
786:
Sisyphus betrayed one of Zeus' secrets by revealing the whereabouts of the
504:
237:
1477:
2247:
2193:
1309:
1107:
has collected cartoons that build on the image of Sisyphus, many of them
1086:
434:
350:
240:
1643:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 161.
1435:
602:
2327:
2289:
1090:
906:
841:
569:
494:
342:
163:
80:
50:
469:
2362:
2150:
2074:
1074:
950:
879:
865:
798:
763:
685:
617:
474:
280:
245:
230:
225:
2135:
1470:"Ancient Greeks: Is death necessary and can death actually harm us?"
1000:
2357:
2256:
2198:
1422:
1178:
897:
809:
805:
787:
675:
665:
660:
627:
579:
509:
429:
365:
330:
312:
292:
284:
159:
38:
2297:
2145:
1871:
1184:
1033:
874:
695:
680:
549:
544:
532:
514:
444:
276:
268:
155:
2140:
2058:
1632:
1010:
914:
910:
901:
849:
813:
794:
767:
670:
655:
637:
484:
464:
459:
439:
409:
364:
In other versions of the myth, Sisyphus was the true father of
304:
1450:
1043:, the Roman poet, makes reference to Sisyphus in the story of
205:
202:
2165:
1867:
1846:
1828:
1824:
1378:
1373:
1083:, in which he elevates Sisyphus to the status of absurd hero.
1055:
1027:
1022:
824:
771:
612:
607:
564:
479:
454:
88:
2035:
Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892.
2028:
2008:
1430:
1130:
which uses Sisyphus' punishment as a symbol for the absurd.
1040:
833:
817:
797:, in return for causing a spring to flow on the Corinthian
775:
751:
597:
574:
419:
131:
1756:
New York: International Publishing Corporation, 1991. p. 2
766:
were known to hate each other, and Sisyphus consulted the
2222:
1552:
489:
193:
187:
125:
119:
1853:
in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920.
1795:
Gods, Demigods and Demons: A Handbook of Greek Mythology
1369:
1367:
935:
Meditationes emblematicae de restaurata pace Germaniae
929:
Sisyphus as a symbol for continuing a senseless war.
199:
190:
184:
134:
128:
122:
116:
1181:, who was similarly punished with a neverending toil
2037:
Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library
1965:
Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library
1855:
Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library
1595:
1593:
1364:
1218:
1142:, a cooling technique named after the Sisyphus myth
196:
113:
1219:
828:dead. He then had no choice but to release Hades.
228:origin and a connection with the root of the word
1901:Morford, Mark P. O.; Lenardon, Robert J. (1999).
2381:
1590:
888:, also identified Sisyphus as Odysseus' father.
1900:
1456:
1172:with a limpet shell or weave sand into rope at
1089:repeatedly referred to Sisyphus as a bachelor;
891:
2017:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
1986:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
1878:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
1835:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
2119:
2105:
1942:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
1162:, a willing boulder pusher in Indian folklore
992:relationship between meaning and motivation.
716:
1765:Taylor, Richard. "Time and Life's Meaning."
1500:"Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology: Sisyphus"
995:
2112:
2098:
1996:Greek text available from the same website
1888:Greek text available from the same website
1025:describes Sisyphus in both Book VI of the
757:
723:
709:
1623:
1621:
1627:
1206:
1051:("and you sat, Sisyphus, on your rock").
999:
924:
74:
45:
166:on modern culture, tasks that are both
14:
2382:
1791:
1702:
1618:
1558:
1168:, a Cornish magistrate who must empty
878:) upon having returned from the dead.
2093:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1240:participating institution membership
872:, whom we know as the father in the
1411:
243:thought that the name derived from
24:
1921:from the original on 23 March 2023
1812:from the original on 23 March 2023
1578:from the original on 23 March 2023
1540:from the original on 11 April 2020
1385:
920:
25:
2466:
2051:
1391:Scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes,
1338:
812:. Sisyphus was curious as to why
781:
27:King of Ephyra in Greek mythology
2415:Katabasis in classical mythology
1754:Franz Kafka: Representative Man.
1257:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
1126:, a 1942 philosophical essay by
1049:inque tuo sedisti, Sisyphe, saxo
329:by whom he became the father of
180:
109:
1772:
1759:
1743:
1734:
1721:
1696:
1673:
1661:
1647:
1606:
1564:
1522:
1492:
1462:
1398:
2082:New International Encyclopedia
1686:. Rochester, 1994, pp. 45–52.
1316:
1297:
1275:
1262:
1246:
1212:
1199:
150:) was the founder and king of
13:
1:
1784:
793:to her father, the river god
62:
986:Proto-Indo-European religion
892:Punishment in the underworld
379:
349:. He was the grandfather of
246:
231:
216:
70:Staatliche Antikensammlungen
53:supervising Sisyphus in the
7:
2420:Condemned souls in Tartarus
1907:. Oxford University Press.
1705:The Upside of Irrationality
1574:. Perseus Digital Library.
1457:Morford & Lenardon 1999
1115:
836:when he was brought to the
174:are therefore described as
10:
2471:
2400:Mythological city founders
2395:Princes in Greek mythology
2223:two kings at the same time
1963:. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.
1077:, wrote an essay entitled
980:, building on the work of
263:prince as the son of King
36:
29:
2350:
2288:
2255:
2246:
2174:
2128:
1572:"Homeros, Odyssey, 11.13"
1259:, Brill, 2009, p. xxxiii.
1227:Oxford English Dictionary
762:Sisyphus and his brother
254:
32:Sisyphus (disambiguation)
2435:Mythological Thessalians
2430:Mythological Corinthians
2410:Kings in Greek mythology
1883:8 September 2021 at the
1792:Evslin, Bernard (2006).
1769:40 (June 1987): 675–686.
1442:25 February 2021 at the
1193:
996:Literary interpretations
735:
353:through Glaucus; and of
275:. He was the brother of
259:Sisyphus was formerly a
236:(σοφός, "wise"). German
37:Not to be confused with
2390:Mythological tricksters
2066:Encyclopædia Britannica
2001:10 October 2021 at the
1798:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1640:Encyclopædia Britannica
1232:Oxford University Press
1156:Comparable characters:
758:Conflict with Salmoneus
388:Part of a series on the
2069:(11th ed.). 1911.
1991:28 August 2021 at the
1970:31 August 2021 at the
1947:5 October 2021 at the
1893:8 October 2021 at the
1534:www.greekmythology.com
1270:Griechische Mythologie
1018:
938:
92:
91:made in 4th century BC
72:
1938:Description of Greece
1767:Review of Metaphysics
1003:
928:
808:to chain Sisyphus in
322:Sisyphus married the
78:
49:
2445:Thessalian mythology
2440:Corinthian mythology
2029:Publius Ovidius Naso
2009:Publius Ovidius Naso
1958:Graeciae Descriptio.
1860:18 June 2021 at the
1703:Ariely, Dan (2010).
1358:2 April 2022 at the
1305:Apollonius of Rhodes
1272:(1906), ii., p. 1021
1123:The Myth of Sisyphus
1080:The Myth of Sisyphus
1045:Orpheus and Eurydice
973:The Myth of Sisyphus
970:, in his 1942 essay
909:on the walls of the
30:For other uses, see
1904:Classical Mythology
1840:6 July 2021 at the
1680:Sansonese, J. Nigro
1668:Revue archéologique
1427:Quaestiones Graecae
1332:13 May 2021 at the
1230:(Online ed.).
1031:and Book XI of the
750:, which fell under
164:classical influence
83:, copy of mural in
2042:6 May 2021 at the
2022:6 May 2021 at the
1978:Pseudo-Apollodorus
1561:, p. 209-210.
1404:Scholia on Homer,
1291:8 May 2022 at the
1160:Naranath Bhranthan
1134:Sisyphus: The Myth
1109:editorial cartoons
1019:
978:J. Nigro Sansonese
939:
823:In some versions,
93:
73:
2377:
2376:
2346:
2345:
2242:
2241:
1914:978-0-19-514338-6
1805:978-1-84511-321-6
1714:978-0-06-199503-3
1238:(Subscription or
956:Friedrich Welcker
941:According to the
840:. Complaining to
747:guest-obligations
733:
732:
16:(Redirected from
2462:
2405:Kings of Corinth
2351:Cypselid tyrants
2253:
2252:
2220:
2219:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2076:"Sisyphus"
2070:
2062:
2060:"Sisyphus"
1930:
1928:
1926:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1700:
1694:
1684:The Body of Myth
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1634:"Sisyphus"
1625:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1510:on 29 March 2021
1506:. Archived from
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1476:. Archived from
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1371:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1320:
1314:
1301:
1295:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1140:Sisyphus cooling
1097:The philosopher
768:Oracle of Delphi
725:
718:
711:
395:Greek underworld
389:
384:
383:
249:
234:
224:has suggested a
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
67:
64:
21:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2342:
2284:
2238:
2218:
2170:
2124:
2122:Ancient Corinth
2118:
2073:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2044:Wayback Machine
2024:Wayback Machine
2003:Wayback Machine
1993:Wayback Machine
1972:Wayback Machine
1949:Wayback Machine
1924:
1922:
1915:
1895:Wayback Machine
1885:Wayback Machine
1862:Wayback Machine
1842:Wayback Machine
1815:
1813:
1806:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1760:
1750:Karl, Frederick
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1701:
1697:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1655:De Rerum Natura
1652:
1648:
1626:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1444:Wayback Machine
1416:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1372:
1365:
1360:Wayback Machine
1350:
1339:
1334:Wayback Machine
1321:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1293:Wayback Machine
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1253:R. S. P. Beekes
1251:
1247:
1237:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1152:Stefan Żeromski
1118:
1105:Wolfgang Mieder
1017:, Madrid, Spain
998:
982:Georges Dumézil
960:Salomon Reinach
923:
921:Interpretations
894:
784:
760:
738:
729:
700:
642:
584:
555:Fortunate Isles
539:
519:
387:
382:
257:
222:R. S. P. Beekes
219:
183:
179:
112:
108:
97:Greek mythology
65:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2071:
2053:
2052:External links
2050:
2048:
2047:
2033:Metamorphoses.
2026:
2006:
1975:
1951:
1931:
1913:
1898:
1865:
1844:
1822:
1804:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1758:
1742:
1733:
1720:
1713:
1695:
1672:
1660:
1646:
1631:, ed. (1911).
1629:Chisholm, Hugh
1617:
1605:
1589:
1563:
1551:
1521:
1491:
1480:on 2 July 2014
1461:
1459:, p. 491.
1449:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1363:
1337:
1315:
1296:
1274:
1261:
1245:
1211:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1163:
1154:
1147:Syzyfowe prace
1143:
1137:
1131:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1099:Richard Taylor
1095:
1084:
1065:
1052:
1038:
997:
994:
922:
919:
893:
890:
783:
782:Cheating death
780:
759:
756:
737:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
720:
713:
705:
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
594:
591:
590:
586:
585:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
560:Land of dreams
557:
552:
547:
542:
535:
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
403:
402:
398:
397:
391:
390:
381:
378:
271:, daughter of
267:of Aeolia and
256:
253:
218:
215:
162:. Through the
154:(now known as
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2467:
2456:
2455:Deeds of Ares
2453:
2451:
2450:Deeds of Zeus
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2370:(Cypselus II)
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:Metamorphoses
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1737:
1730:
1729:Metamorphoses
1724:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1692:0-89281-409-8
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:Apollodorus,
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1202:
1198:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:Jan Tregeagle
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1150:, a novel by
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:(1548–49) by
1008:
1007:
1002:
993:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:
969:
965:
964:Acrocorinthus
961:
957:
952:
948:
944:
936:
932:
927:
918:
916:
912:
908:
903:
899:
889:
887:
886:
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
863:
862:
856:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
829:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:Zeus ordered
802:
800:
796:
792:
789:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
755:
753:
749:
748:
743:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
707:
706:
704:
703:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
651:
650:
646:
645:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
593:
592:
588:
587:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
527:
523:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
405:
404:
400:
399:
396:
393:
392:
386:
385:
377:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
357:, founder of
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
252:
250:
248:
242:
239:
235:
233:
227:
223:
214:
210:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Ancient Greek
139:
106:
102:
98:
90:
86:
85:François Tomb
82:
79:Sisyphus and
77:
71:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2368:Psammetichus
2183:
2080:
2064:
2032:
2012:
1981:
1960:
1957:
1937:
1923:. Retrieved
1903:
1872:
1851:Homeri Opera
1850:
1829:
1814:. Retrieved
1794:
1774:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1740:Apology, 41c
1736:
1728:
1723:
1704:
1698:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1649:
1638:
1608:
1600:
1580:. Retrieved
1566:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1503:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1473:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1318:
1308:
1299:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1225:
1214:
1201:
1170:Dozmary Pool
1145:
1128:Albert Camus
1121:
1078:
1068:Albert Camus
1059:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1015:Prado Museum
1004:
990:
971:
968:Albert Camus
949:philosopher
943:solar theory
940:
934:
931:Johann Vogel
895:
883:
873:
859:
857:
854:
830:
822:
803:
785:
761:
745:
739:
622:
505:Rhadamanthus
363:
321:
258:
244:
238:mythographer
229:
220:
175:
147:
104:
100:
94:
59:black-figure
43:
2313:Aristomedes
2248:Heracleidae
2194:Bellerophon
1982:The Library
1873:The Odyssey
1559:Evslin 2006
1504:mythweb.com
1484:19 February
1474:Mlahanas.de
1393:Argonautica
1310:Argonautica
1303:Scholia on
1282:Apollodorus
1268:Gruppe, O.
1221:"Sisyphean"
1174:Gwenor Cove
1087:Franz Kafka
861:Philoctetes
846:upper world
435:Ceuthonymus
372:instead of
351:Bellerophon
241:Otto Gruppe
2384:Categories
2358:Cypselus I
2290:Bacchiadae
2234:Hyanthidas
2176:Sisyphidae
2120:Rulers of
1925:21 October
1816:21 October
1785:References
1530:"Sisyphus"
1242:required.)
1094:solitary."
1091:Kafkaesque
907:Polygnotus
842:Persephone
838:underworld
570:Phlegethon
495:Persephone
425:Ascalaphus
359:Orchomenus
343:Thersander
335:Porphyrion
261:Thessalian
146:: Σίσυφος
81:Amphiaraus
66: 530
55:Underworld
51:Persephone
2363:Periander
2338:Pritanius
2333:Automenes
2323:Alexander
2303:Agelas II
2151:Corinthus
1954:Pausanias
1934:Pausanias
1830:The Iliad
1613:Pausanias
1582:9 October
1417:Hyginus,
1382:6.152 ff.
1323:Pausanias
1075:absurdist
951:Lucretius
947:Epicurean
902:hubristic
880:Euripides
866:Sophocles
799:acropolis
764:Salmoneus
686:Pirithous
618:Salmoneus
589:Prisoners
524:Geography
475:Menoetius
450:Eurynomos
401:Residents
380:Mythology
370:Anticleia
281:Salmoneus
273:Deimachus
226:pre-Greek
217:Etymology
176:Sisyphean
168:laborious
61:amphora,
2425:Aeolides
2328:Telestes
2308:Eudaemus
2275:Agelas I
2257:Aletidae
2214:Propodas
2209:Damophon
2199:Ornytion
2184:Sisyphus
2129:Heleidae
2040:Archived
2020:Archived
1999:Archived
1989:Archived
1968:Archived
1945:Archived
1919:Archived
1891:Archived
1881:Archived
1858:Archived
1838:Archived
1810:Archived
1731:, 10.44.
1576:Archived
1544:30 April
1538:Archived
1440:Archived
1436:Sisyphus
1423:Plutarch
1356:Archived
1330:Archived
1289:Archived
1179:Tantalus
1116:See also
1006:Sisyphus
898:Tartarus
810:Tartarus
806:Thanatos
676:Odysseus
666:Heracles
661:Dionysus
647:Visitors
628:Tantalus
623:Sisyphus
603:Danaïdes
580:Tartarus
538:Asphodel
510:Thanatos
430:Cerberus
366:Odysseus
331:Ornytion
317:Perimede
313:Pisidice
293:Deioneus
289:Perieres
285:Cretheus
160:eternity
148:Sísyphos
105:Sisyphos
101:Sisyphus
57:, Attic
39:Syphilis
18:Sysiphus
2298:Bacchis
2280:Prymnes
2230:Doridas
2189:Glaucus
2156:Polybus
2146:Epopeus
2085:. 1905.
1615:, 10.31
1601:Odyssey
1599:Homer,
1433:, s.v.
1419:Fabulae
1205:museum
1185:Wu Gang
1061:Apology
1034:Odyssey
885:Cyclops
875:Odyssey
870:Laërtes
742:Corinth
696:Theseus
681:Orpheus
550:Elysium
545:Cocytus
540:Meadows
533:Acheron
515:Zagreus
470:Melinoë
445:Erinyes
415:Angelos
374:Laërtes
339:Glaucus
309:Alcyone
277:Athamas
269:Enarete
156:Corinth
2318:Agemon
2265:Aletes
2141:Bounos
2136:Aeëtes
1961:3 vols
1911:
1802:
1727:Ovid.
1711:
1690:
1670:, 1904
1603:11.593
1514:1 July
1395:3.1553
1313:3.1094
1072:French
1070:, the
1011:Titian
937:, 1649
915:Delphi
911:Lesche
850:Hermes
814:Charon
795:Asopus
791:Aegina
788:Asopid
691:Psyche
671:Hermes
656:Aeneas
638:Tityus
633:Titans
485:Moirai
465:Hypnos
460:Hecate
440:Charon
410:Aeacus
355:Minyas
327:Merope
324:Pleiad
305:Canace
301:Calyce
297:Magnes
265:Aeolus
255:Family
232:sophos
172:futile
152:Ephyra
2270:Ixion
2204:Thoas
2166:Jason
2161:Creon
1868:Homer
1847:Homer
1825:Homer
1431:Suida
1421:201;
1408:2.511
1406:Iliad
1379:Iliad
1374:Homer
1353:1.9.3
1327:2.4.3
1286:1.7.3
1236:
1194:Notes
1056:Plato
1028:Iliad
1023:Homer
882:, in
825:Hades
772:Homer
736:Reign
613:Ocnus
608:Ixion
565:Lethe
500:Pluto
480:Minos
455:Hades
347:Almus
247:sisys
89:Vulci
87:from
2232:and
1927:2020
1909:ISBN
1818:2020
1800:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1584:2014
1546:2020
1516:2019
1486:2014
1429:43;
1209:1494
1207:inv.
1041:Ovid
834:Styx
818:Ares
776:Tyro
752:Zeus
598:Arke
575:Styx
420:Arae
345:and
315:and
170:and
68:BC,
1658:III
1058:'s
1054:In
913:at
864:by
858:In
490:Nyx
368:by
337:),
213:).
103:or
95:In
2386::
2079:.
2063:.
2031:,
2011:,
1980:,
1956:,
1936:,
1917:.
1870:,
1849:.
1827:,
1808:.
1752:.
1707:.
1682:.
1637:.
1620:^
1592:^
1536:.
1532:.
1502:.
1472:.
1425:,
1376:,
1366:^
1340:^
1325:,
1307:,
1284:,
1255:,
1224:.
1013:,
933::
917:.
852:.
801:.
376:.
341:,
319:.
311:,
307:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
206:ən
203:iː
142:;
99:,
63:c.
2113:e
2106:t
2099:v
2046:.
2005:.
1974:.
1929:.
1897:.
1864:.
1820:.
1717:.
1586:.
1548:.
1518:.
1488:.
1234:.
1111:.
1037:.
724:e
717:t
710:v
333:(
209:/
200:f
197:ˈ
194:ɪ
191:s
188:ɪ
185:s
182:/
178:(
138:/
135:s
132:ə
129:f
126:ɪ
123:s
120:ɪ
117:s
114:ˈ
111:/
107:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
