56:
223:
241:
103:
848:
32:
319:
The most common problem with syndactyly correction is creeping of the skin towards the fingertip over time. This is likely due to tension at the site of the repair between the digits. Additional surgery may be required to correct this. One critique of using skin grafts is that the grafts darken in
310:
Because the circumference of the conjoined fingers is smaller than the circumference of the two separated fingers, there is not enough skin to cover both digits once they are separated at the time of surgery. Therefore, the surgeon must bring new skin into the area at the time of surgery. This is
301:
Syndactyly of the border digits (thumb/index finger or ring/small fingers) is treated at early age to prevent the larger digit from curving towards the smaller digit with growth. Typically, syndactyly of these digits is treated at six months of age. The treatment of syndactyly of the other digits
320:
the years after surgery and become more noticeable. Also, if the skin grafts are harvested from the groin area, the skin may grow hair. Finally, the fingers may deviate after surgery. This is most commonly seen in complex syndactyly (when there has been a bone joining of the fingers).
311:
most commonly done with a skin graft (from groin or anterior elbow). Skin can also be used from the back of the hand by mobilizing it (called a "graftless" syndactyly correction), which requires planning over a period of months prior to surgery.
879:
147:
Fenestrated syndactyly, also known as acrosyndactyly or terminal syndactyly, means the skin is joined for most of the digit but in a proximal area there are gaps in the syndactyly with normal skin. This type of syndactyly is found in
302:
is elective and is more commonly performed when the digits have grown, at 18 months of age. Special situations, such as complex syndactyly and involvement of border digits, may warrant surgical intervention earlier than 6 months.
163:, also known as SHH, which dissolves the tissue between the fingers and toes, and the webbing disappears. In some fetuses, this process does not occur completely between all fingers or toes and some residual webbing remains.
872:
747:
732:
865:
155:
Simple syndactyly can be full or partial, and is present at birth (congenital). In early human fetal development, webbing (syndactyly) of the toes and fingers is normal. At about 6 weeks of gestation,
1561:
857:
536:"Localization of the syndactyly type II (synpolydactyly) locus to 2q31 region and identification of tight linkage to HOXD8 intragenic marker"
1459:
952:
1400:
762:
887:
288:
270:
1354:
1073:
266:
1189:
892:
1359:
1078:
908:
896:
852:
262:
136:
In incomplete syndactyly, the skin is only joined part of the distance to the tip of the involved digits.
107:
1390:
1444:
1364:
328:
The earliest appreciation of syndactyly as a birth anomaly or burn-trauma can be traced back to the
55:
1299:
942:
782:
251:
1336:
970:
947:
255:
617:
Dao, Khiem D.; Shin, Alexander Y.; Billings, Annette; Oberg, Kerby C.; Wood, Virchel E. (2004).
149:
77:
822:
1239:
904:
1454:
8:
1272:
888:
751:
535:
186:: 2q34-q36; webbing occurs between middle and ring fingers and/or second and third toes.
133:
In complete syndactyly, the skin is joined all the way to the tip of the involved digits.
1134:
833:
690:
665:
511:
486:
462:
437:
192:: 2q31; also involves long and ring fingers, but has a sixth finger merged in between.
756:
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Five types of syndactyly have been identified in humans. The corresponding
562:
1410:
1177:
1168:
1053:
985:
817:
681:
358:
222:
118:
In simple syndactyly, adjacent fingers or toes are joined by soft tissue.
724:
1385:
1321:
1234:
1228:
1204:
1139:
1108:
1058:
1030:
333:
329:
215:
211:
1492:
1437:
1244:
1129:
1122:
1103:
1035:
999:
828:
487:"Localization of a Gene for Syndactyly Type 1 to Chromosome 2q34-q36"
176:
156:
240:
121:
In complex syndactyly, the bones of adjacent digits are fused. The
934:
930:
912:
502:
355:, the arrangement of fingers and toes in different kinds of animals
122:
226:
Radiograph of Type 1 syndactyly of the hands (no bony involvement)
102:
1502:
1160:
352:
776:
773:
770:
767:
847:
736:
73:
76:, but is an unusual condition in humans. The term is from
666:"Syndactyly: phenotypes, genetics and current classification"
144:) and typically involves more digits than simple syndactyly.
31:
1045:
623:
The
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
16:
Condition of fingers or toes being fused together at birth
1478:
1008:
921:
619:"Surgical treatment of congenital syndactyly of the hand"
336:(d. 1013 CE), known in the West as Abulcasis. The French
198:: 6q21-q23; small finger is merged into the ring finger.
140:
Complex syndactyly occurs as part of a syndrome (such as
39:
Partial simple syndactyly in the second and third toes
714:
616:
343:
also described syndactyly in the sixteenth century.
361:, the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet
533:
1553:
442:Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
72:are fused together. It occurs normally in some
1562:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
485:Bosse K, Betz RC, Lee YA, et al. (2000).
873:
175:associated with these types and their common
484:
576:Sato D, Liang D, Wu L, et al. (2007).
575:
569:
478:
269:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
880:
866:
204:: 7q36; involves all fingers and/or toes.
129:Syndactyly can be complete or incomplete.
54:
30:
689:
593:
578:"A syndactyly type IV locus maps to 7q36"
527:
510:
461:
429:
289:Learn how and when to remove this message
393:Maisels, D.O. (1962). "Acrosyndactyly".
221:
210:: 2q31-q32; similar to type I, but the
101:
534:Sarfarazi, Akarsu; et al. (1995).
435:
392:
1554:
861:
663:
114:Syndactyly can be simple or complex.
1401:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
267:adding citations to reliable sources
234:
159:takes place due to a protein named
68:is a condition wherein two or more
13:
891:malformations and deformations of
670:European Journal of Human Genetics
395:British Journal of Plastic Surgery
14:
1573:
710:
664:Malik, Sajid (15 February 2012).
110:with syndactyly of several digits
97:
846:
635:10.5435/00124635-200401000-00006
314:
239:
1074:Congenital patellar dislocation
953:WallisâZieffâGoldblatt syndrome
657:
610:
454:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928029
386:
372:
1:
407:10.1016/s0007-1226(62)80021-6
365:
305:
230:
87: 'together' and
380:"Diprotodontia Introduction"
125:exhibits complex syndactyly.
7:
1360:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
1355:HallermannâStreiff syndrome
1079:Congenital knee dislocation
897:musculoskeletal abnormality
346:
179:expression are as follows:
166:
108:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly
10:
1578:
1391:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
436:Flatt A (1 January 2005).
323:
106:The hand of a person with
1525:
1501:
1477:
1468:
1423:
1373:
1365:Treacher Collins syndrome
1335:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1255:
1216:reduction deficits / limb
1215:
1159:
1152:
1087:
1044:
1007:
998:
961:
929:
920:
903:
808:
718:
595:10.1007/s10038-007-0150-5
582:Journal of Human Genetics
43:
38:
29:
24:
1190:CenaniâLenz syndactylism
943:Cleidocranial dysostosis
1337:Craniofacial dysostosis
893:musculoskeletal system
227:
150:amniotic band syndrome
111:
1445:KlippelâFeil syndrome
855:at Wikimedia Commons
225:
105:
1455:Spina bifida occulta
971:Madelung's deformity
948:Sprengel's deformity
682:10.1038/ejhg.2012.14
555:10.1093/hmg/4.8.1453
263:improve this section
1273:RAPADILINO syndrome
1135:Rocker bottom foot
809:External resources
228:
218:may also be fused.
112:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1470:Thoracic skeleton
1450:Spondylolisthesis
1419:
1418:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1148:
1147:
994:
993:
851:Media related to
843:
842:
491:Am. J. Hum. Genet
299:
298:
291:
63:
62:
19:Medical condition
1569:
1517:Pectus carinatum
1512:Pectus excavatum
1475:
1474:
1433:Spinal curvature
1425:Vertebral column
1345:Crouzon syndrome
1309:Craniosynostosis
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1161:fingers and toes
1157:
1156:
1069:Discoid meniscus
1026:Upington disease
1005:
1004:
927:
926:
918:
917:
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875:
868:
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858:
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476:
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438:"Webbed fingers"
433:
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390:
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294:
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94: 'finger'.
59:
58:
50:Medical genetics
34:
22:
21:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1537:
1533:Poland syndrome
1521:
1497:
1464:
1415:
1369:
1331:
1277:
1268:Larsen syndrome
1256:multiple joints
1251:
1211:
1144:
1083:
1064:Genu recurvatum
1040:
1017:Hip dislocation
990:
957:
907:
899:
886:
844:
839:
838:
804:
803:
727:
713:
708:
707:
662:
658:
615:
611:
574:
570:
543:Hum. Mol. Genet
538:
532:
528:
483:
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332:Muslim surgeon
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1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Dolichocephaly
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1327:Trigonocephaly
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1300:Skull and face
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:Arthrogryposis
1259:
1257:
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1247:
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1237:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:Arachnodactyly
1182:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1093:
1091:
1089:foot deformity
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
967:
965:
963:hand deformity
959:
958:
956:
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950:
945:
939:
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915:
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840:
837:
836:
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812:
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801:
790:
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759:
744:
728:
723:
722:
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719:Classification
712:
711:External links
709:
706:
705:
676:(8): 817â824.
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609:
568:
526:
503:10.1086/303028
477:
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385:
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364:
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338:barber surgeon
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161:sonic hedgehog
142:Apert syndrome
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119:
99:
98:Classification
96:
61:
60:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1491:
1489:
1486:
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1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:Sacralization
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Plagiocephaly
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Hypertelorism
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Scaphocephaly
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1274:
1271:
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1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:Brachydactyly
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:Either / both
1151:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
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1080:
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1075:
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1067:
1065:
1062:
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1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Hip dysplasia
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
925:
923:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
860:
856:
854:
849:
835:
831:
830:
826:
824:
820:
819:
815:
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807:
800:
796:
795:
791:
789:
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778:
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772:
769:
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764:
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739:
738:
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613:
605:
601:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:(8): 1453â8.
548:
544:
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522:
518:
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488:
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357:
354:
351:
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344:
342:
341:Ambroise Paré
339:
335:
331:
321:
315:Complications
312:
303:
293:
290:
282:
279:February 2020
272:
268:
264:
258:
257:
253:
248:This section
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95:
93:
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82:
79:
78:Ancient Greek
75:
71:
67:
57:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
1381:Macrocephaly
1227:
1223:Acheiropodia
1195:Ectrodactyly
1172:
1115:
1096:
981:Oligodactyly
976:Clinodactyly
905:Appendicular
845:
834:orthoped/563
827:
816:
792:
781:
761:
746:
731:
673:
669:
659:
629:(1): 39â48.
626:
622:
612:
588:(6): 561â4.
585:
581:
571:
546:
542:
529:
497:(2): 492â7.
494:
490:
480:
448:(1): 26â37.
445:
441:
431:
398:
394:
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374:
327:
318:
309:
300:
285:
276:
261:Please help
249:
207:
201:
195:
189:
183:
177:phenotypical
170:
154:
146:
139:
128:
113:
91:
88:
84:
81:
65:
64:
1411:Saddle nose
1178:Webbed toes
1169:Polydactyly
1054:Genu valgum
986:Polydactyly
818:MedlinePlus
401:: 166â172.
359:Webbed toes
216:metatarsals
212:metacarpals
1386:Platybasia
1322:Oxycephaly
1235:Phocomelia
1229:Ectromelia
1205:Stub thumb
1173:Syndactyly
1140:Hammer toe
1109:Pigeon toe
1059:Genu varum
1031:Coxa valga
889:Congenital
853:Syndactyly
794:DiseasesDB
366:References
334:Al-Zahrawi
330:Andalusian
306:Techniques
231:Management
92:(daktulos)
66:Syndactyly
25:Syndactyly
1438:Scoliosis
1245:Hemimelia
1130:Pes cavus
1123:Flat feet
1104:Club foot
1036:Coxa vara
829:eMedicine
643:1067-151X
415:0007-1226
250:does not
157:apoptosis
45:Specialty
1556:Category
1488:Cervical
935:shoulder
931:clavicle
913:dysmelia
700:22333904
651:14753796
604:17476456
521:10877983
472:16200145
423:14468563
347:See also
196:type III
167:Genetics
123:kangaroo
90:ÎŽÎŹÎșÏÏ
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1503:sternum
788:D013576
691:3400728
563:7581388
512:1287194
463:1200697
353:Dactyly
324:History
271:removed
256:sources
202:type IV
190:type II
74:mammals
1526:other:
1240:Amelia
1117:valgus
823:003289
777:186300
774:186200
771:186100
768:185900
698:
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208:type V
184:type I
70:digits
52:
1493:Bifid
1374:other
1291:Axial
1098:varus
799:29330
757:755.1
539:(PDF)
85:(syn)
80:
1479:ribs
1046:knee
922:Arms
909:limb
783:MeSH
763:OMIM
752:9-CM
696:PMID
647:PMID
639:ISSN
600:PMID
559:PMID
517:PMID
468:PMID
419:PMID
411:ISSN
254:any
252:cite
214:and
173:loci
1009:hip
1000:Leg
748:ICD
742:Q70
733:ICD
686:PMC
678:doi
631:doi
590:doi
551:doi
507:PMC
499:doi
458:PMC
450:doi
403:doi
265:by
83:ÏÏÎœ
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