493:
30:
505:
528:
121:
551:
420:(#0) in 1935. AGC released the similar Prontor leaf shutter design in 1935. The fastest speed should be selected prior to cocking the shutter, as a stiff secondary spring is engaged with the fastest speeds; other speeds may be selected after the shutter is cocked. In addition, the self-timer cannot be used with the fastest shutter speed. Early versions use three leaf blades, while Compur-Rapid versions used five.
1338:
1306:
1256:
1169:
1093:
1057:
1029:
973:
933:
891:
879:
867:
855:
843:
814:
786:
766:
700:
1354:
1330:
1298:
1290:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1105:
1085:
1021:
993:
965:
957:
925:
907:
830:
806:
758:
740:
732:
724:
692:
684:
356:
612:
For instance, the
Schneider-Kreuznach and Rodenstock lenses made for the Kodak Retina S-mount do not fit Voigtländer cameras directly; a small physical modification to the mounting lugs will make them compatible. This was intended to prevent Voigtländer photographers from using less expensive Retina lenses.
107:
In 1958, Carl Zeiss AG purchased F.Deckel outright and in 1976 closed down the Compur factor in Munich, consolidating production with
Prontor at Calmbach. Leaf shutter production continued after the two companies were merged in 1984 until 2002. A portion of the company, responsible for gas monitors,
611:
with the earlier Exakta system. Although the DKL-mount system is ostensibly compatible across manufacturers, camera manufacturers introduced variations in the mounting lug profiles and inclusion of an aperture control ring to physically prevent the attachment of lenses from other DKL-mount systems.
432:
branding. Synchro-Compur shutters have an additional lever painted green, which allows the user to select electronic flash synchronization ("X") or flashbulb sync ("M"). Some Compur shutters have a trailing -P, indicating these shutters offer "press to focus" functionality. A separate button is
162:(25% of which was owned by Zeiss), and AGC was formed in 1910 to acquire Bruns's Compur patent, which was provided to Deckel, who produced Compur shutters under license starting in 1911. Zeiss owned significant stakes in both Deckel and Gauthier. The earliest shutters are marked with D.R.P. (
3547:
104:. During World War II, photographic equipment production was paused and F.Deckel made fuel pumps for BMW airplane engines. By the end of the war, Deckel was also said to have produced a total of some 4100 examples of their FP1 milling machine for use in the war effort.
2805:
176:
Leaf shutters are provided in standardized sizes. Compur shutters were marketed with smaller lenses (sizes #00 to #3), while
Compound shutters continued to be provided for larger sizes (#4 and #5).
96:
Taking advantage of their growing knowledge of factory production methods and machinery, by about 1920 Deckel started producing "extra" machines for sale to the trade, most notably the versatile
600:
made their own lenses for the
Bessamatic line. DKL-mount lenses became less popular as focal-plane shutter cameras became more prevalent in the 1960s, and production ceased by the early 1970s.
504:
492:
1953:
1792:
657:
108:
survives as Compur
Monitors GmbH. Their FP3 milling machine remained in production until the late years of the 20th Century. Deckel's popular, if expensive, line of industrial
71:
142:
for slow speeds. After Bruns left the company shortly thereafter, it was renamed to F.Deckel; Bruns continued to develop shutters and replaced the pneumatic cylinder with a
615:
DKL lens mount cameras include seven distinct variants (the earliest models released, Voigtländer
Vitessa T and Braun Colorette Super II, share the same physical mount):
83:
163:
124:
Clockwork mechanism within a Compur-Rapid leaf shutter; cocking lever at upper left and tripping lever at upper right; lever below cocking lever selects aperture.
3553:
527:
154:
of
Compound (from the earlier shutter design) and Uhrwerk (referring to the clockwork mechanism). A consortium of photographic companies, including
474:
settings that provide the proper exposure for the illumination of the scene. The EV scale was first used on
Synchro-Compur shutters displayed at
572:
In the late 1950s, Deckel introduced a bayonet lens mount which was used mainly with 35mm leaf-shutter cameras built in
Germany, including the
3595:
128:
Bruns designed
Steinheil's first leaf shutter in 1899, followed by an updated version using a leather brake to control shutter speeds.
3545:, Rudolph Klein & Theodore Brueck, "Camera Shutter", issued March 31, 1914, assigned to Morris Rosenbloom
3590:
645:
3230:
550:
363:
shutters used a dial at the 12 o'clock position to set the shutter speed; later versions used a ring coaxial with the lens.
462:(EV) scale, also known as the Light Value Scale, which is a single number that measures scene illumination on a base-2
2607:
29:
1958:
1797:
662:
2906:
17:
82:
By 1910, Zeiss had acquired a 16.8% stake in F.Deckel. Zeiss also owned a significant portion of competitor
74:; Bruns was an inventor responsible for developing leaf shutters while Deckel was a laboratory mechanic.
1122:
2803:, Christian Bruns & Heinrich Bruns, "Objective-shutter", issued February 18, 1913
88:
2932:
2820:
70:
used on many photographic lenses starting from 1911. Bruns and Deckel previously had worked together at
2800:
168:
3542:
3003:
1118:
585:
2548:
Original (Series 1) lenses had longer minimum focus distance, which was improved in later versions.
607:
T, followed by the Braun Colorette Super II in 1957, which shared the 44.7 mm (1.76 in)
2275:
2139:
1873:
1718:
1547:
1445:
635:
593:
109:
748:
3512:
1209:
604:
2963:
608:
577:
421:
112:
remain available for sale under the brand ISOG, a division of Precision Surfacing Solutions.
120:
581:
444:. The 4.5 V PX21 battery required to operate these shutters is now out of production.
2852:
375:
version in 1927, which moved the shutter speed control to the outer rim of the shutter. A
8:
2377:
2241:
2105:
1913:
1752:
1679:
1580:
1479:
1411:
1010:
640:
589:
3370:
2608:"Up and Down with Compur: The development and photo-historical meaning of leaf shutters"
3519:. Vol. 174, no. 5. Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc. May 1959. p. 187
3066:
433:
provided that allows the photographer to open the shutter leaves to check focus on the
3333:
3235:. 98th Technical Conference. Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers Inc.
3195:
3155:
3115:
3377:
1812:
1765:
1014:
573:
463:
440:
In the early 1970s, Deckel introduced electronically controlled shutters, branded as
367:
As introduced, the Compur leaf shutter used a dial to set shutter speeds; the early
3560:
3033:
159:
132:
101:
3296:
3267:
3156:"Kodak Instamatic Reflex Camera ... does simply everything, and everything simply"
43:
rim-set shutter. Note the stylized "FD" branding on the right side of the shutter.
2937:
2877:
650:
3460:
1006:
3429:
3400:
459:
453:
425:
3573:
3486:
2700:
2475:
2410:
2343:
2309:
2207:
2173:
2034:
2000:
1839:
1614:
1513:
1113:
669:
597:
3584:
2941:. Vol. XIX, no. 4. Fawcett Publications, Inc. pp. 112–113, 132
2561:
467:
155:
434:
67:
173:) 258646 D.R.G.M. (Deutsche Reich Gebraumeister) for the original patent.
93:(AGC), which was later renamed Prontor after its competing leaf shutter.
54:, was a German company founded by Friedrich Deckel and Christian Bruns in
2611:
2480:
151:
3036:[The Compur DKL Lens Bayonet or the 'Standard German Bayonet'].
376:
311:
139:
2775:
475:
143:
437:
without changing the shutter speed setting or tripping the shutter.
2750:
471:
2725:
2675:
2650:
2625:
3381:
2047:
1973:
1926:
1886:
1692:
1280:
55:
35:
2988:
Wolbarst, John (July 1957). "LVS: What It Is, How to Use It".
2799:
2751:"ISOG Technology - Innovative Solutions to Optimize Grinding"
1001:
915:
3541:
3034:"Bajonett-compur / DKL oder das 'Deutsche Einheitsbajonett'"
2053:
3.3 / 2.0 ft (1.0 / 0.6 m)
1852:
3.0 / 2.0 ft (0.9 / 0.6 m)
1627:
3.0 / 1.6 ft (0.9 / 0.5 m)
1526:
3.3 / 1.3 ft (1.0 / 0.4 m)
588:. DKL-mount lenses for the Kodak cameras were made by both
386:
The Compur leaf shutter initially provided speeds of up to
3291:
3289:
355:
3286:
3552:(similar "clockwork" leaf shutter patent assigned to
3395:
3393:
3391:
2907:"100 Years since first Compur Shutter was Introduced"
603:
The original bayonet was introduced in 1956 with the
3455:
3453:
3451:
3401:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Lanthar / Skopar / Septon)"
3336:[Kodak Retina IIIS with automatic exposure]
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
2514:
Lenses are compatible with the Voigtländer Vitessa T
3424:
3422:
3388:
3369:
428:on the rim of the shutter in 1951, which bore the
3513:"Zoom Lens for 35-mm. Camera Shoots Still Photos"
3448:
3262:
3110:
3108:
3052:
466:. Each EV corresponds to several combinations of
131:While at Bruns & Deckel, Bruns developed the
3582:
3419:
3376:. New York, New York: Morgan & Morgan, Inc.
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
2726:"Deckel FP1 Universal Precision Milling Machine"
2676:"Deckel FP1 Universal Precision Milling Machine"
2651:"Deckel FP1 Universal Precision Milling Machine"
2626:"Deckel FP1 Universal Precision Milling Machine"
2610:. Translated by Stoddard, Robert. Archived from
379:mechanism was added in 1928, which was labelled
3479:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3228:
2605:
2432:
2062:
1636:
1394:
3297:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Skoparex / Skopagon)"
3031:
2987:
2904:
2818:
2701:"We wrote history – not only in gas detection"
2523:Lenses are compatible with the Braun Colorette
3239:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3085:
2930:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
3561:"Compur Rapid (disassembly and maintenance)"
3334:"Kodak Retina IIIS mit Belichtungsautomatik"
3315:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
2958:
2956:
146:escapement in 1910, naming the new shutter
115:
3133:
3027:
3025:
2838:
498:Voigtländer Ultramatic and dismounted lens
33:Zeiss Ikon folding camera equipped with a
3213:
3173:
3067:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Fremdobjektive)"
3571:
3461:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Super-Dynarex)"
3367:
3352:
2953:
2900:
2898:
2601:
400:) extended the fastest shutter speed to
396: sec; the later models (denoted by
354:
119:
62:in 1903. Its most famous product is the
28:
3574:"How it Works: The Compur Leaf Shutter"
3022:
3004:"Keppler's Value 25: Light Value Scale"
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2556:
2554:
14:
3583:
3372:Photographic Lens Manual And Directory
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
481:
3340:(in German). Kodak AG. September 1958
3229:Naumann, Helmut (1–5 November 1965).
2895:
2564:to shorten minimum focusing distance.
3596:German companies established in 1903
3232:Photographic Optics: A Status Report
2578:
2551:
521:lens, showing DKL-mount bayonet lugs
77:
3121:(in German). Kodak AG. January 1961
2535:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
24:
3430:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Dynarex)"
3032:Neuhaus, Horst (12 January 2017).
25:
3607:
3565:Camera Collecting and Restoration
3535:
3487:"Bessamatic / Objektive (Zoomar)"
447:
3591:Photography companies of Germany
1352:
1336:
1328:
1304:
1296:
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730:
722:
698:
690:
682:
549:
526:
503:
491:
3505:
3270:[Bessamatic / Lenses].
2996:
2981:
2931:Holden, T. T. (February 1938).
2924:
2905:Barnes, Darron (31 July 2012).
2870:
2812:
2776:"Precision Surfacing Solutions"
2526:
2517:
2508:
371:versions were succeeded by the
138:in 1905, which had a pneumatic
2793:
2768:
2743:
2718:
2693:
2668:
2643:
2618:
13:
1:
3161:. Eastman Kodak. January 1969
2964:"How to use a Compur Shutter"
2780:Precision Surfacing Solutions
2571:
1200:4/135, 4/200, & 5.6/350,
280:10.75 mm (0.423 in)
2821:"Shutters - History and Use"
286:31.5 mm (1.24 in)
266:26.5 mm (1.04 in)
7:
2825:largeformatphotography.info
2532:Kodak literature states 5e.
337:17.4 mm (0.69 in)
326:52.5 mm (2.07 in)
323:41.6 mm (1.64 in)
320:34.6 mm (1.36 in)
317:26.3 mm (1.04 in)
283:14.5 mm (0.57 in)
277:10.2 mm (0.40 in)
222:80.5 mm (3.17 in)
219:70.5 mm (2.78 in)
213:45.2 mm (1.78 in)
72:C. A. Steinheil & Söhne
10:
3612:
3196:"Kodak Retina IIIS Camera"
2933:"How Camera Shutters Work"
2423:91.9 ft (28.0 m)
1011:Retina Reflex S / III / IV
451:
274:9.3 mm (0.37 in)
180:Compur shutter dimensions
3116:"Kodak Retina Reflex III"
2356:27.9 ft (8.5 m)
2322:13.1 ft (4.0 m)
2220:3.3 ft (01.0 m)
1771:2.0 ft (0.61 m)
1637:Standard / Normal lenses
1492:3.0 ft (0.91 m)
1424:3.0 ft (0.91 m)
1112:
747:
623:
349:45 mm (1.8 in)
340:24 mm (0.94 in)
329:65 mm (2.6 in)
265:
263:20 mm (0.79 in)
262:
260:16 mm (0.63 in)
243:
240:
234:
231:
3368:Neblette, C. B. (1959).
3268:"Bessamatic / Objektive"
2968:Classic Petrakla Cameras
2490:4.3 ft (1.3 m)
2186:6.6 ft (2.0 m)
2118:6.0 ft (1.8 m)
2013:3.3 ft (1.0 m)
1698:3.3 ft (1.0 m)
424:was added via a coaxial
346:35 mm (1.4 in)
343:30 mm (1.2 in)
216:58 mm (2.3 in)
116:Leaf shutter development
110:tool and cutter grinders
84:Alfred Gauthier Calmbach
2819:Purdum, Ernest (2006).
2390:28 ft (8.5 m)
2254:14 ft (4.3 m)
458:F.Deckel developed the
164:Deutsches Reichs-Patent
2992:. pp. 58–61, 110.
1196:3.4/90 & 4.8/100,
586:Voigtländer Bessamatic
364:
334:Maximum iris diameter
125:
44:
2801:US grant 1053152A
2614:on 26 September 2013.
2606:Riess, Klaus-Eckard.
1072:2.8/45 & 2.8/50,
609:flange focal distance
578:Kodak Retina Reflex S
422:Flash synchronization
358:
123:
48:Friedrich Deckel GmbH
32:
3543:US grant 1092110
1313:4/28 & 2.8/35,
1064:4/28 & 2.8/35,
582:Braun Paxette Reflex
556:Schneider-Kreuznach
533:Schneider-Kreuznach
291:Mount flange thread
3201:. Kodak. April 1960
3008:Mike Eckman dot com
2378:Schneider-Kreuznach
2242:Schneider-Kreuznach
2106:Schneider-Kreuznach
1914:Schneider-Kreuznach
1753:Schneider-Kreuznach
1680:Schneider-Kreuznach
1581:Schneider-Kreuznach
1480:Schneider-Kreuznach
1412:Schneider-Kreuznach
1365:
1080:4/135 & 4.8/200
753:Colorette Super II
641:Schneider Kreuznach
620:
619:DKL-mount variants
605:Voigtländer Vitessa
590:Schneider-Kreuznach
487:Deckel-mount lenses
482:Deckel-mount lenses
181:
100:line of industrial
2990:Modern Photography
2882:Pacific Rim Camera
2878:"Leica B (Compur)"
1395:Wide-angle lenses
1363:
1285:Edixa electronica
618:
365:
229:Front lens thread
179:
126:
60:Bruns & Deckel
45:
39:lens and a Deckel
3491:Der Klinterklater
3465:Der Klinterklater
3434:Der Klinterklater
3405:Der Klinterklater
3301:Der Klinterklater
3272:Der Klinterklater
3071:Der Klinterklater
3010:. 7 December 2018
2853:"Compur Shutters"
2560:Accepts "T I/60"
2499:
2498:
2383:Retina Tele-Xenar
2247:Retina Tele-Xenar
2111:Retina Tele-Arton
2063:Telephoto lenses
1364:DKL-mount lenses
1361:
1360:
1015:Instamatic Reflex
574:Kodak Retina IIIS
464:logarithmic scale
442:Compur-electronic
353:
352:
249:Rear lens thread
160:Bausch & Lomb
78:Corporate history
16:(Redirected from
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1059:
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1052:4/85 & 4/135
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781:4/85 & 4/135
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102:milling machines
92:
50:, also known as
21:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3581:
3580:
3559:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3517:Popular Science
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3366:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3240:
3227:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3030:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2938:Modern Mechanix
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2911:Milly's Cameras
2903:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2755:ISOG Technology
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2705:Compur Monitors
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2604:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2468:
2467:
2403:
2402:
2370:
2369:
2336:
2335:
2302:
2301:
2268:
2267:
2234:
2233:
2200:
2199:
2166:
2165:
2132:
2131:
2098:
2097:
2045:
2027:
2026:
1993:
1992:
1971:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1924:
1906:
1905:
1884:
1866:
1865:
1832:
1831:
1810:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1763:
1745:
1744:
1711:
1710:
1690:
1672:
1671:
1607:
1606:
1573:
1572:
1540:
1539:
1506:
1505:
1485:Retina Curtagon
1472:
1471:
1438:
1437:
1417:Retina Curtagon
1404:
1403:
1353:
1337:
1329:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1104:
1092:
1084:
1056:
1028:
1020:
992:
972:
964:
956:
932:
924:
906:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
838:Paxette Reflex
829:
813:
805:
785:
765:
757:
739:
731:
723:
699:
691:
683:
679:Baldamatic III
660:
648:
629:
626:
568:
562:
561:
554:
545:
539:
538:
531:
522:
516:
515:
508:
499:
496:
484:
456:
450:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
392:
388:
387:
190:
187:
166:
118:
86:
80:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3579:
3578:
3572:Oleson, Rick.
3569:
3557:
3537:
3536:External links
3534:
3531:
3530:
3504:
3478:
3447:
3418:
3387:
3351:
3314:
3285:
3238:
3212:
3172:
3132:
3084:
3051:
3038:Photo but More
3021:
2995:
2980:
2952:
2923:
2894:
2869:
2837:
2811:
2792:
2767:
2742:
2717:
2692:
2667:
2642:
2617:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2550:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:Accessory size
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2396:
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2357:
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2341:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2281:Retina Rotelar
2278:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:Retina Rotelar
2142:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:Accessory size
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2042:
2040:Color-Skopar X
2037:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1963:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1807:
1802:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:Retina Heligon
1721:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:Accessory size
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:Retina Eurygon
1550:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:Retina Eurygon
1448:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1390:Notes / Refs.
1388:
1387:Accessory size
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1334:
1326:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1182:Color-Skopar X
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1089:
1081:
1053:
1025:
1017:
1004:
998:
997:
989:
969:
961:
953:
929:
921:
918:
912:
911:
903:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
835:
834:
826:
810:
802:
782:
762:
754:
751:
745:
744:
736:
728:
720:
696:
688:
680:
677:
673:
672:
667:
655:
643:
638:
633:
630:
627:
624:
570:
569:
555:
548:
546:
532:
525:
523:
509:
502:
500:
497:
490:
488:
483:
480:
460:exposure value
454:Exposure value
452:Main article:
449:
448:Exposure value
446:
430:Synchro-Compur
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
314:hole diameter
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:Front to iris
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
226:
225:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:Body diameter
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
117:
114:
79:
76:
18:Synchro-Compur
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3608:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:Ilex Mfg. Co.
3544:
3540:
3539:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2802:
2796:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2563:
2562:close-up lens
2557:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2466:
2464:36–82 mm
2463:
2462:
2458:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Super-Dynarex
2414:
2412:
2409:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Super-Dynarex
2347:
2345:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:40.5 mm
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Super-Dynarex
2313:
2311:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:40.5 mm
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2056:40.5 mm
2055:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:40.5 mm
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Color-Lanthar
2004:
2002:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1879:Retina Ysarex
1877:
1875:
1872:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:40.5 mm
1528:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:Super-Dynaret
1270:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Super-Dynarex
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Color-Lanthar
1183:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
990:
987:
983:
979:
970:
962:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
930:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
904:
901:
897:
888:
885:
876:
873:
864:
861:
852:
849:
840:
837:
836:
827:
824:
820:
811:
803:
800:
796:
792:
783:
780:
776:
772:
763:
755:
752:
750:
746:
737:
729:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
697:
689:
681:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
664:
659:
656:
652:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
622:
616:
613:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
559:
552:
547:
536:
529:
524:
513:
512:Super-Dynarex
506:
501:
494:
489:
486:
485:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:shutter speed
465:
461:
455:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
399:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
362:
357:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
332:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
269:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
237:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
184:
183:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
156:Carl Zeiss AG
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:
129:
122:
113:
111:
105:
103:
99:
94:
90:
85:
75:
73:
69:
68:leaf shutters
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
38:
37:
31:
27:
19:
3564:
3521:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3495:. Retrieved
3490:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3464:
3438:. Retrieved
3433:
3409:. Retrieved
3404:
3371:
3342:. Retrieved
3305:. Retrieved
3300:
3276:. Retrieved
3271:
3231:
3203:. Retrieved
3163:. Retrieved
3123:. Retrieved
3075:. Retrieved
3070:
3042:. Retrieved
3037:
3012:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2989:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:
2943:. Retrieved
2936:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2910:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2629:
2620:
2612:the original
2528:
2519:
2510:
2481:
2450:Construction
2444:Manufacturer
2438:Focal length
2433:Zoom lenses
2415:
2382:
2348:
2314:
2280:
2246:
2212:
2178:
2144:
2110:
2080:Construction
2074:Manufacturer
2068:Focal length
2039:
2005:
1965:
1919:Retina Xenar
1918:
1878:
1844:
1813:Double-Gauss
1804:
1766:Double-Gauss
1757:
1723:
1684:
1654:Construction
1648:Manufacturer
1642:Focal length
1619:
1585:
1552:
1518:
1484:
1450:
1416:
1381:Construction
1375:Manufacturer
1369:Focal length
1346:
1342:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1272:
1268:
1265:Color-Skopar
1264:
1260:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1097:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
985:
981:
977:
949:
945:
941:
937:
899:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
822:
818:
798:
794:
790:
778:
774:
770:
716:
712:
708:
704:
614:
602:
571:
558:Retina-Xenar
557:
535:Retina-Xenon
534:
514:135 mm
511:
510:Voigtländer
457:
441:
439:
435:ground glass
429:
398:Compur-Rapid
397:
385:
380:
372:
368:
366:
360:
175:
147:
136:leaf shutter
133:
130:
127:
106:
97:
95:
81:
63:
59:
51:
47:
46:
40:
34:
26:
3493:(in German)
3467:(in German)
3436:(in German)
3407:(in German)
3303:(in German)
3274:(in German)
3073:(in German)
3040:(in German)
2857:S.K. Grimes
2493:77 mm
2476:Voigtländer
2426:95 mm
2411:Voigtländer
2399:350 mm
2366:200 mm
2359:77 mm
2344:Voigtländer
2332:200 mm
2310:Voigtländer
2298:135 mm
2291:60 mm
2264:135 mm
2257:60 mm
2230:135 mm
2223:54 mm
2208:Voigtländer
2196:100 mm
2174:Voigtländer
2155:32 mm
2121:32 mm
2035:Voigtländer
2001:Voigtländer
1957: [
1935:32 mm
1895:32 mm
1855:54 mm
1840:Voigtländer
1796: [
1774:60 mm
1734:60 mm
1630:54 mm
1615:Voigtländer
1514:Voigtländer
1495:32 mm
1461:60 mm
1427:60 mm
1114:Voigtländer
1007:Retina IIIS
670:Voigtländer
661: [
649: [
598:Voigtländer
560:50 mm
537:50 mm
426:PC terminal
241:M45.75-0.75
167: [
152:portmanteau
87: [
3585:Categories
2572:References
2453:Min. Focus
2276:Rodenstock
2162:90 mm
2140:Rodenstock
2128:85 mm
2094:85 mm
2083:Min. Focus
2023:50 mm
1989:50 mm
1942:50 mm
1902:50 mm
1874:Rodenstock
1862:50 mm
1828:50 mm
1781:50 mm
1741:50 mm
1719:Rodenstock
1707:50 mm
1668:45 mm
1657:Min. Focus
1603:40 mm
1569:35 mm
1548:Rodenstock
1536:35 mm
1502:35 mm
1468:35 mm
1446:Rodenstock
1434:30 mm
1400:28 mm
1384:Min. Focus
1323:Tele-Xenar
1204:2.8/36~82
1123:Ultramatic
1119:Bessamatic
1078:Tele-Xenar
1074:Tele-Arton
799:Tele-Arton
717:Tele-Xenar
636:Rodenstock
594:Rodenstock
410:(#00) and
377:self-timer
312:Lens board
140:escapement
2785:18 August
2760:18 August
2735:18 August
2730:Lathes UK
2680:Lathes UK
2660:18 August
2655:Lathes UK
2635:18 August
2630:Lathes UK
1954:Steinheil
1793:Steinheil
1271:4.8/100,
1210:Vitessa T
920:Electric
658:Steinheil
476:Photokina
306:M62-0.75
297:M32.5-0.5
294:M25.0-0.5
252:M36-0.75
244:M58-0.75
235:M29.5-0.5
232:M22.5-0.5
189:Dimension
144:clockwork
3523:13 March
3497:10 March
3471:10 March
3440:10 March
3411:10 March
3382:59-11726
3344:10 March
3307:10 March
3278:10 March
3205:10 March
3165:10 March
3125:10 March
3077:10 March
3044:13 March
3014:14 March
2973:13 March
2945:13 March
2916:13 March
2887:13 March
2862:13 March
2830:13 March
2710:13 March
2685:14 March
2441:Aperture
2071:Aperture
1966:Culminar
1645:Aperture
1620:Skopagon
1586:Radiogon
1519:Skoparex
1372:Aperture
1345:2.8/50,
1343:Culminar
1321:2.8/50,
1317:1.9/50,
1311:Curtagon
1267:2.8/50,
1263:3.4/35,
1261:Skoparet
1188:2.8/50,
1184:2.8/50,
1178:Skopagon
1176:3.4/35,
1174:Skoparex
1098:Culminar
1068:1.9/50,
1062:Curtagon
1048:2.8/50,
1044:1.9/50,
1036:2.8/30,
986:Culminar
984:1.9/50,
980:4.5/35,
978:Culmigon
948:2.8/50,
944:1.9/50,
898:4.5/35,
896:Culmigon
884:Ultralit
848:Lithagon
823:Culminar
821:4.5/35,
819:Culmigon
797:2.8/50,
791:Radiogon
777:2.8/50,
715:2.8/50,
711:1.9/50,
707:2.8/35,
705:Curtagon
596:, while
472:aperture
381:Compur S
369:dial-set
300:M39-0.75
238:M40-0.75
134:Compound
66:line of
52:F.Deckel
2487:14e/11g
2213:Dynarex
2179:Dynarex
1269:Dynaret
1194:Dynarex
1050:Rotelar
1042:Heligon
1038:Eurygon
1034:Eurygon
950:Rotelar
942:Heligon
938:Eurygon
860:Rotelar
779:Rotelar
771:Eurygon
646:Staeble
415:⁄
405:⁄
391:⁄
373:rim-set
303:M50-0.9
3549:
3380:
2807:
2482:Zoomar
2459:Notes
2089:Notes
2048:Tessar
1974:Tessar
1927:Tessar
1887:Tessar
1845:Septon
1805:Quinon
1693:Tessar
1663:Notes
1349:1.9/50
1347:Quinon
1281:Wirgin
1275:4/135
1202:Zoomar
1192:2/50,
1190:Septon
1180:2/40,
1100:2.8/50
1076:4/85,
1046:Ysarex
1040:4/35,
988:2.8/50
982:Quinon
946:Ysarex
940:4/35,
902:1.9/50
900:Quinon
886:2.8/50
874:2.8/50
850:3.5/35
825:2.8/50
793:4/35,
775:Ysarex
773:4/35,
628:Camera
584:, and
478:1954.
361:Compur
359:Early
257:Depth
148:Compur
64:Compur
56:Munich
41:Compur
36:Tessar
3338:(PDF)
3199:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
3119:(PDF)
2502:Notes
2420:7e/6g
2353:5e/4g
2319:4e/3g
2285:5e/4g
2217:6e/4g
2183:5e/4g
2149:5e/4g
2115:5e/4g
2044:4e/3g
2010:3e/3g
1970:4e/3g
1961:]
1923:4e/3g
1883:4e/3g
1849:7e/5g
1809:6e/4g
1800:]
1762:6e/4g
1758:Xenon
1689:4e/3g
1685:Xenar
1624:9e/6g
1590:5e/4g
1557:5e/5g
1523:6e/5g
1489:6e/6g
1455:7e/6g
1421:7e/6g
1341:Yes:
1325:4/135
1319:Xenar
1315:Xenon
1309:Yes:
1259:Yes:
1172:Yes:
1096:Yes:
1070:Xenar
1066:Xenon
1060:Yes:
1032:Yes:
1002:Kodak
976:Yes:
952:4/135
936:Yes:
916:Iloca
894:Yes:
882:Yes:
872:Xenar
870:Yes:
862:4/135
858:Yes:
846:Yes:
817:Yes:
795:Xenar
769:Yes:
749:Braun
719:4/135
713:Xenar
709:Xenon
703:Yes:
676:Balda
665:]
653:]
171:]
150:as a
91:]
3525:2023
3499:2023
3473:2023
3442:2023
3413:2023
3378:LCCN
3346:2023
3309:2023
3280:2023
3207:2023
3167:2023
3127:2023
3079:2023
3046:2023
3016:2023
2975:2023
2947:2023
2918:2023
2889:2023
2864:2023
2832:2023
2787:2023
2762:2023
2737:2023
2712:2023
2687:2023
2662:2023
2637:2023
2471:/2.8
2447:Name
2406:/5.6
2373:/4.8
2339:/4.0
2305:/4.0
2203:/4.8
2169:/3.4
2077:Name
2030:/2.8
1996:/2.8
1949:/2.8
1909:/2.8
1869:/2.8
1835:/2.0
1788:/1.9
1748:/1.9
1714:/1.9
1675:/2.8
1651:Name
1610:/2.0
1509:/3.4
1475:/2.8
1441:/2.8
1378:Name
801:4/85
789:Yes
632:ENNA
625:Lens
592:and
567:lens
565:/2.8
544:lens
542:/1.9
470:and
186:Size
1357:No
1108:No
996:No
910:No
833:No
743:No
417:400
407:500
393:250
205:#3
193:#00
58:as
3587::
3563:.
3515:.
3489:.
3463:.
3450:^
3432:.
3421:^
3403:.
3390:^
3354:^
3317:^
3299:.
3288:^
3241:^
3215:^
3175:^
3135:^
3087:^
3069:.
3054:^
3024:^
3006:.
2966:.
2955:^
2935:.
2909:.
2897:^
2880:.
2855:.
2840:^
2823:.
2778:.
2753:.
2728:.
2703:.
2678:.
2653:.
2628:.
2580:^
2553:^
2537:^
2387:7e
2271:/4
2251:5e
2237:/4
2135:/4
2101:/4
1982:?
1959:de
1821:?
1798:de
1596:?
1576:/4
1543:/4
1407:/4
1333:No
1301:No
1293:No
1251:No
1243:No
1235:No
1227:No
1219:No
1164:No
1156:No
1148:No
1140:No
1132:No
1121:,
1088:No
1024:No
1013:,
1009:,
968:No
960:No
928:No
809:No
761:No
735:No
727:No
695:No
687:No
663:de
651:de
580:,
576:,
519:/4
383:.
202:#2
199:#1
196:#0
169:de
158:,
98:FP
89:de
3576:.
3567:.
3556:)
3527:.
3501:.
3475:.
3444:.
3415:.
3384:.
3348:.
3311:.
3282:.
3209:.
3169:.
3129:.
3081:.
3048:.
3018:.
2977:.
2949:.
2920:.
2891:.
2866:.
2834:.
2789:.
2764:.
2739:.
2714:.
2689:.
2664:.
2639:.
2469:f
2404:f
2371:f
2337:f
2303:f
2288:?
2269:f
2235:f
2201:f
2167:f
2152:?
2133:f
2099:f
2050:)
2046:(
2028:f
1994:f
1979:?
1976:)
1972:(
1947:f
1932:?
1929:)
1925:(
1907:f
1892:?
1889:)
1885:(
1867:f
1833:f
1818:?
1815:)
1811:(
1786:f
1768:)
1764:(
1746:f
1731:?
1728:?
1712:f
1695:)
1691:(
1673:f
1608:f
1593:?
1574:f
1560:?
1541:f
1507:f
1473:f
1458:?
1439:f
1405:f
563:f
540:f
517:f
413:1
403:1
389:1
20:)
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