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works with these two themes but also recalls the main themes of the first and second movements and a fragment of the
Scherzo. Following the recapitulation which begins in the unexpected key of G minor but later corrects itself back to the original key, the movement reaches its climax in the coda, in which materials from the first three movements are reviewed for a final time while the Picardy third is expanded after the orchestra triumphantly plays a "modally altered" plagal cadence. The main theme, especially its occurrence in bar 321, bears a close resemblance to the opening theme of the
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631:. The exposition is based on three thematic subjects. The first in E minor is notable for its announcing and responsive phrases. The second is in G minor and undergoes a transformation such that it resembles a Czech polka. The exposition's closing theme in G major is known for being similar to the African-American spiritual "
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Dvořák was influenced not only by music he had heard but also by what he had seen in
America. He wrote that he would not have composed his American pieces as he had if he had not seen America. It has been said that Dvořák was inspired by the "wide open spaces" of America, such as prairies he may have
713:
The final movement is also written in sonata form. After a brief introduction, the horns and trumpets declare the movement's main theme against sharp chords played by the rest of the orchestra. The second theme is then presented by the clarinet above tremolos in the strings. The development not only
911:
in the first London performance on 21 June 1894. Clapham says the symphony became "one of the most popular of all time" and at a time when the composer's main works were being welcomed in no more than ten countries, this symphony reached the rest of the musical world and has become a "universal
654:
The second movement, written in ternary form, is introduced by a harmonic progression of chords in the wind instruments. Beckerman interprets these chords as a musical rendition of the narrative formula "Once upon a time". Then a solo cor anglais (English horn) plays the famous main theme in
852:, and the pentatonic scale in some of his music written in North America from African-American and/or Native American sources. Statements that he borrowed melodies are often made but seldom supported by specifics. One verified example is the song of the Scarlet Tanager in the Quartet.
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At the premiere in
Carnegie Hall, the end of every movement was met with thunderous clapping and Dvořák felt obliged to stand up and bow. This was one of the greatest public triumphs of Dvořák's career. When the symphony was published, several European orchestras soon performed it.
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750:. These can be the foundation of a serious and original school of composition, to be developed in the United States. These beautiful and varied themes are the product of the soil. They are the folk songs of America and your composers must turn to them.
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from 1892 to 1895. It premiered in New York City on 16 December 1893. It is one of the most popular of all symphonies. In older literature and recordings, this symphony was – as for its first publication – numbered as
Symphony No. 5. Astronaut
635:". The development primarily focuses on the main and closing themes, and the recapitulation consists of a repetition of the main theme as well as a transposition of the second and closing themes up a semitone. The movement is concluded with a
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steps in the basses. It is followed by a quasi-scherzo that incorporates this movement's theme as well as the first movement's main and closing themes. The Largo is concluded with the soft return of the main theme and introductory chords.
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I have not actually used any of the melodies. I have simply written original themes embodying the peculiarities of the Indian music, and, using these themes as subjects, have developed them with all the resources of modern rhythms,
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seen on his trip to Iowa in the summer of 1893. Notices about several performances of the symphony include the phrase "wide open spaces" about what inspired the symphony and/or about the feelings it conveys to listeners.
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In 1893, a newspaper interview quoted Dvořák as saying "I found that the music of the negroes and of the
Indians was practically identical", and that "the music of the two races bore a remarkable similarity to the
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as saying, "In the negro melodies of
America I discover all that is needed for a great and noble school of music." Dvořák did, it seems, borrow rhythms from the music of his native Bohemia, as notably in his
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894:(Symphony No. 9). The use of quotations of prior movements in the symphony's final movement is reminiscent of Beethoven quoting prior movements in the opening Presto of the Choral Symphony's final movement.
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The scoring of piccolo in this symphony is unusual; although the
English horn is brought in for the solo in the second movement, the piccolo plays only a short phrase in the first, and nothing else.
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The largo of the second movement has a hauntingly beautiful melody played by the
English horn. There is a sense of longing about it, and a spiritual has been adapted from it, 'Going Home'
1826:
698:. The stirring rhythm of the first part is interrupted by a trio middle section. The first part is then repeated, followed by an echo in the coda of the first movement's main theme.
742:, who sang traditional spirituals to him. Burleigh, later a composer himself, said that Dvořák had absorbed their "spirit" before writing his own melodies. Dvořák stated:
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The theme from the Largo was adapted into the spiritual-like song "Goin' Home" (often mistakenly considered a folk song or traditional spiritual) by Dvořák's pupil
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favorite". As of 1978, it had been performed more often "than any other symphony at the Royal
Festival Hall, London" and is in "tremendous demand in Japan".
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1211:
Jean E. Snyder, "A great and noble school of music: Dvořák, Harry T. Burleigh, and the
African American Spiritual", in Tibbets, John C., editor,
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accompanied by muted strings. Dvořák was said to have changed the theme from clarinet to cor anglais as it reminded him of the voice of
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is indicated in some measures in the second movement; the bass trombone is used with the two other trombones in movements 1, 2 and 4.
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In the same article, Dvořák stated that he regarded the symphony's second movement as a "sketch or study for a later work, either a
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spirituals were a major influence on Dvořák's music written in North America, quoting him from an 1893 interview in the
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and begins with an introductory melody in Adagio. This melodic outline also appears in the third movement of Dvořák's
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he heard in North America. While director of the National Conservatory he encountered an African-American student,
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2016:
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mission, the first Moon landing, in 1969. The symphony was completed in the building that now houses the
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Dvořák was also influenced by the style and techniques used by earlier classical composers including
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1455:, a Native American of the Choctaw Nation and former slave and popularized by the African-American
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Tuba is only scored in the second movement. According to the full score book published by Dover,
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on 15 December 1893, Dvořák further explained how Native American music influenced his symphony:
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minor evoking a nostalgic and desolate mood which eventually leads into a funeral march above
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1971:
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8:
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1483:, edited by Gertrude Norman and Miriam Lubell Shrifte (1946, Alfred A. Knopf, New York).
746:
I am convinced that the future music of this country must be founded on what are called
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2674:
1955:
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719:
214:
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Holman, Gavin (2019). "Film, Television and Video productions featuring brass bands".
1229:
1739:
1701:
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1467:
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1326:
The Poetics of National and Racial Identity in Nineteenth-Century American Literature
1194:
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176:
77:
803:" (Dvořák never actually wrote such a piece). He also wrote that the third movement
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1939:
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1529:"Hovis 'Boy on the Bike' advert returns to TV with new music – here's a first look"
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writes that a flute solo theme in the first movement of the symphony resembles the
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1963:
1733:
1470:: 1953 American Decca recordings. DGG 477 0002. Comments on the 2nd compact disc.
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Clapham, John (1958). "The Evolution of Dvorak's Symphony "From the New World"".
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836:
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591:
515:
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1193:. Vol. 1. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc. p. 239.
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In the UK, the largo became familiar to the general public after its use in a
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A typical performance usually lasts around 40 minutes. The work is in four
1947:
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1700:. Vol. 4. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 410–436.
1357:
New Worlds of Dvorak: Searching in America for the Composer's Inner Life
689:
The movement is a scherzo written in ternary form, with influences from
19:"New World Symphony" redirects here. For the Miami-based orchestra, see
1679:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 134–436.
1555:
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averred that the symphony was truly multinational in its foundations.
670:
639:, with the main theme stated by the brass above an orchestral tutti.
210:
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1835:
1494:
New World Symphonies: How American Culture Changed European Music
1191:
Milton Cross' Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music
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Symphonies and their meaning: Third series: Modern symphonies
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1588:"Program Notes: Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Opus 95,
58:
Title page of the autograph score of Dvořák's ninth symphony
1724:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. pp. 195–207.
323:
257:
1808:
1576:, Volume 1, University of California Press, 2003, p. 273.
1479:
Letter to Emil Kozanek, 15 September 1893, translated in
1135:
One Giant Leap: Neil Armstrong's Stellar American Journey
819:". Most historians agree that Dvořák is referring to the
823:, which is typical of each of these musical traditions.
663:. The movement's middle section contains a passage in C
1633:
The Gift of Music: Great Composers and Their Influence
1572:, Philosophical library, 1954, p. 59; Glenn Watkins,
1317:
241:
This symphony is scored for the following orchestra:
991:
890:
s Scherzo movement evoke the Scherzo of Beethoven's
1792:
True Story of "Goin' Home" – From Bohemia to Boston
1162:
Oddball Iowa: A Guide to Some Really Strange Places
1323:
1261:"The Classical Beat: ... Dvorak at Helzberg Hall"
883:. The falling fourths and timpani strokes in the
2707:
1574:Proof through the night: music and the Great War
1548:North American British Music Studies Association
1215:, Amadeus Press, Portland, Oregon, 1993, p. 131.
1055:For example, the Chicago Symphony, 19 June 2009.
766:. A day earlier, in an article published in the
2731:Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic
1851:
1618:Monument Eternal: The Music of Alice Coltrane
963:Performed by the United States Air Force Band
1629:
807:was "suggested by the scene at the feast in
601:
1820: : Complete listing of the recordings"
1630:Smith, Jane Stuart; Carlson, Betty (1995).
1287:
1285:
1283:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1858:
1844:
1451:"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" was written by
237:theme from the second movement of the work
52:
1764:International Music Score Library Project
1620:, Wesleyan University Press, 2010, p. 88.
1585:
1354:
1185:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
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198:National Conservatory of Music of America
196:in 1893 while he was the director of the
23:. For the former New York orchestra, see
2563:Serenade in D minor for Wind Instruments
1594:. San Francisco Symphony. Archived from
1408:
1280:
1189:; Ewen, David (1962). "Antonín Dvořák".
1069:
758:, and premiered on 16 December 1893, at
701:
228:
1782:A visual analysis of the first movement
1442:, Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 152
1379:
1138:. Tom Doherty Associates. p. 176.
1131:
1125:
2708:
1878:List of compositions by Antonín Dvořák
1579:
1545:
1158:
1122:, Norton, New York, 1979, pp. 132–133.
1103:
1839:
1526:
1291:
1165:. Chicago Review Press. p. 100.
1086:"Symphony No. 9 "From the New World""
754:The symphony was commissioned by the
1258:
1020:
677:
1224:
13:
2378:String Quartet movement in F major
1865:
1664:
1570:Antonín Dvořák: his life and works
1010:Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)
937:
444:Problems playing these files? See
359:
224:
14:
2747:
1753:
1419:The Chronicle of Higher Education
829:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2690:
2689:
1671:Beckerman, Michael, ed. (1993).
1440:The Symphony: A Listener's Guide
1414:"New World Symphony and Discord"
1355:Beckerman, Michael Brim (2003).
994:
984:, who wrote the lyrics in 1922.
971:Problems playing this file? See
953:
706:
682:
647:
606:
590:
514:
429:
411:
393:
375:
2343:Andante appassionato in F major
2131:Serenade for Strings in E major
1805:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
1636:. Crossway Books. p. 157.
1623:
1610:
1562:
1539:
1520:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1461:
1445:
1429:
1402:
1373:
1348:
1311:
1252:
1159:Pohlen, Jerome (1 April 2005).
1049:
16:1893 symphony by Antonín Dvořák
1831:New York Philharmonic Archives
1496:, Yale University Press, p. ix
1359:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1294:"About the Hiawatha Melodrama"
1259:Neas, Patrick (4 March 2017).
1218:
1205:
1179:
1152:
1036:
1027:
21:New World Symphony (orchestra)
1:
1062:
793:... which will be based upon
725:
205:took a tape recording of the
2736:Symphonies by Antonín Dvořák
1822:(in French). MusicaBohemica.
1586:Keller, James M. (c. 2013).
1527:Rizzi, Sofia (3 June 2019).
1507:"Antonín Dvorák (1841–1904)"
1213:Dvorak in America: 1892–1895
897:
691:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's
642:
7:
1797:Performance of "Goin' Home"
1738:. London: Haus Publishing.
987:
909:London Philharmonic Society
613:The movement is written in
10:
2752:
2224:Violin Concerto in A minor
1673:"The Master's Little Joke"
1332:Cambridge University Press
811:where the Indians dance".
407:III. Scherzo: Molto vivace
18:
2685:
2651:
2612:
2548:
2527:
2500:
2459:
2423:
2299:
2292:
2240:
2219:Piano Concerto in G minor
2214:Cello Concerto in A major
2209:Cello Concerto in B minor
2201:
2160:The Golden Spinning Wheel
2055:
1989:
1982:
1891:
1873:
1827:Original manuscript parts
1801:New York Festival of Song
1015:Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)
734:and the African-American
730:Dvořák was interested in
619:String Quintet No. 3 in E
602:I. Adagio – Allegro molto
371:I. Adagio – Allegro molto
151:
141:
130:
122:
117:
109:
94:
84:
73:
63:
51:
43:
34:
25:Symphony of the New World
2590:String Sextet in A major
2580:Violin Sonata in F major
2232:for violin and orchestra
1908:King and Charcoal Burner
1697:The symphonic repertoire
1694:Brown, A. Peter (2003).
1322:; Posnock, Ross (2003).
862:Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
781:, and orchestral colour.
633:Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
171:, "From the New World",
2726:Compositions in E minor
1771:from Indiana University
1492:Sullivan, Jack (1999),
1425:(subscription required)
1388:Oxford University Press
596:, E minor, 348 measures
352:
2664:Antonín Dvořák Theatre
1550:. Humanities Commons.
1132:Wagener, Leon (2005).
1002:Classical music portal
942:
917:1973 television advert
783:
752:
364:
343:(fourth movement only)
326:(second movement only)
238:
180:
2669:Antonín Dvořák Museum
1396:10.1093/mq/XLIV.2.167
1383:The Musical Quarterly
1044:Trombone basso e Tuba
941:
826:In a 2008 article in
774:
756:New York Philharmonic
744:
732:Native American music
716:Hans Heiling Overture
702:IV. Allegro con fuoco
425:IV. Allegro con fuoco
363:
337:(third movement only)
232:
186:), also known as the
156:New York Philharmonic
2153:Symphonic Variations
2001:The Bells of Zlonice
1777:from Mutopia Project
1677:Dvořák and his World
1481:Letters of Composers
1457:Fisk Jubilee Singers
1318:Kerkering, John D.;
1299:. josephhorowitz.com
1292:Beckerman, Michael.
695:The Song of Hiawatha
182:Symfonie č. 9 e moll
2595:Terzetto in C major
2585:Sonatina in G major
2388:No. 12 in F major (
2283:The Spectre's Bride
2119:Nocturne in B major
2085:Scherzo capriccioso
1932:The Cunning Peasant
1916:The Stubborn Lovers
1616:Franya J. Berkman,
1412:(11 January 2008).
982:William Arms Fisher
905:Alexander Mackenzie
574:, E minor, Trio in
546:major, 127 measures
2639:Suite in A major (
2488:No. 4 in E minor (
2230:Romance in F minor
2143:Suite in A major (
2046:From the New World
1956:The Devil and Kate
1818:New World Symphony
1716:Philip Henry Goepp
1590:From the New World
1556:10.17613/ttn4-1y86
1238:Classical Classics
943:
885:New World Symphony
720:Heinrich Marschner
559:– Poco sostenuto,
365:
239:
215:Bily Clocks Museum
207:New World Symphony
192:, was composed by
189:New World Symphony
179: 178 (Czech:
38:New World Symphony
2716:1893 compositions
2703:
2702:
2675:Dvorak - In Love?
2608:
2607:
2397:No. 13 in G major
2383:No. 11 in C major
2197:
2196:
2099:In Nature's Realm
2071:Carnival Overture
2012:No. 3 in E♭ major
2007:No. 2 in B♭ major
1643:978-0-89107-869-2
1468:Leonard Bernstein
1436:Michael Steinberg
1240:. Classical Notes
1021:Explanatory notes
958:
866:Leonard Bernstein
854:Michael Steinberg
817:music of Scotland
740:Harry T. Burleigh
678:III. Molto vivace
434:
416:
398:
380:
209:along during the
161:
160:
2743:
2693:
2692:
2540:No. 2 in A major
2535:No. 1 in A major
2518:
2517:
2508:No. 1 in D major
2483:No. 3 in F minor
2478:No. 2 in G minor
2472:
2471:
2446:
2445:
2436:No. 2 in G major
2431:No. 1 in A minor
2407:
2406:
2368:
2367:
2358:No. 9 in D minor
2353:No. 8 in E major
2348:No. 7 in A minor
2338:No. 6 in A minor
2333:No. 5 in F minor
2328:No. 4 in E minor
2323:No. 3 in D major
2317:
2316:
2307:No. 1 in A major
2297:
2296:
2174:The Water Goblin
2125:Othello Overture
2092:Hussite Overture
2042:No. 9 in E minor
2037:No. 8 in G major
2032:No. 7 in D minor
2027:No. 6 in D major
2022:No. 5 in F major
2017:No. 4 in D minor
1997:No. 1 in C minor
1987:
1986:
1983:Orchestral music
1860:
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1837:
1836:
1823:
1783:
1762:: Scores at the
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1598:on 18 April 2013
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1410:Horowitz, Joseph
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1266:Kansas City Star
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997:
960:
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841:African-American
821:pentatonic scale
710:
686:
668:
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651:
629:Humoresque No. 1
624:
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595:
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219:Spillville, Iowa
184:"Z nového světa"
183:
126:16 December 1893
105:
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1730:Kurt Honolka
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1647:. Retrieved
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1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
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1303:26 September
1301:. Retrieved
1270:. Retrieved
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1093:. Retrieved
1089:
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1029:
979:
970:
949:"Goin' Home"
931:"Goin' Home"
921:Ridley Scott
919:directed by
914:
901:
884:
874:
870:
844:
839:states that
834:musicologist
832:, prominent
827:
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779:counterpoint
775:
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657:D-flat major
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262:English horn
240:
235:English horn
206:
188:
187:
164:
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37:
29:
2678:(1988 film)
2620:Humoresques
2613:Piano music
2460:Piano trios
2402:No. 14 in A
2363:No. 10 in E
2241:Vocal music
2078:Czech Suite
1948:The Jacobin
1649:9 September
1390:: 167–183.
1272:15 November
1244:9 September
1234:" Symphony"
1230:"Dvorak's "
764:Anton Seidl
615:sonata form
588:con fuoco,
146:Anton Seidl
2710:Categories
2568:Bagatelles
2513:No. 2 in E
2467:No. 1 in B
2441:No. 3 in E
2312:No. 2 in B
1990:Symphonies
1883:(by genre)
1533:Classic FM
1512:8 December
1063:References
973:media help
795:Longfellow
736:spirituals
726:Influences
446:media help
152:Performers
2721:Apollo 11
2414:Cypresses
2255:Psalm 149
2202:Concertos
1803:from the
1232:New World
1095:1 October
927:bakery.
898:Reception
877:Beethoven
858:spiritual
671:pizzicato
643:II. Largo
455:movements
389:II. Largo
307:trombones
269:clarinets
211:Apollo 11
142:Conductor
110:Movements
74:Catalogue
2695:Category
2641:American
2516:♭
2470:♭
2449:American
2444:♭
2405:♭
2390:American
2371:Slavonic
2366:♭
2315:♭
2145:American
1940:Dimitrij
1732:(2004).
1718:(1913).
1199:62008097
988:See also
923:for the
881:Schubert
809:Hiawatha
800:Hiawatha
666:♯
627:and his
622:♭
543:♭
535:♯
525:♭
335:Triangle
300:♭
295:trumpets
282:bassoons
274:♭
233:Opening
131:Location
118:Premiere
95:Composed
2652:Related
2626:Legends
2600:Ballade
2447:major (
2369:major (
2272:Requiem
2113:My Home
2106:Legends
1964:Rusalka
1829:at the
1799:by the
1787:YouTube
805:scherzo
787:cantata
586:Allegro
576:C major
550:Scherzo
504:E minor
483:Allegro
347:Strings
341:Cymbals
330:Timpani
277:& A
251:piccolo
169:E minor
100: (
68:E minor
1975:(1904)
1972:Armida
1967:(1901)
1959:(1898)
1951:(1887)
1943:(1882)
1935:(1877)
1927:(1875)
1919:(1874)
1911:(1874)
1903:(1870)
1900:Alfred
1892:Operas
1811:format
1742:
1735:Dvořák
1704:
1683:
1640:
1602:13 May
1363:
1338:
1197:
1169:
1142:
1120:Dvořák
582:Finale
557:vivace
463:Adagio
247:flutes
2549:Other
2519:major
2490:Dumky
2473:major
2408:major
2318:major
2056:Other
1924:Vanda
1775:Score
1769:Score
1386:(2).
1297:(PDF)
925:Hovis
888:'
791:opera
625:major
554:Molto
538:minor
528:major
510:Largo
485:molto
315:tenor
288:horns
258:oboes
80:. 178
1740:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1651:2012
1638:ISBN
1604:2013
1514:2014
1361:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1305:2012
1274:2018
1246:2012
1195:LCCN
1167:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1097:2020
879:and
637:coda
353:Form
324:Tuba
319:bass
311:alto
271:in B
175:95,
163:The
123:Date
102:1893
98:1893
86:Opus
1809:MP3
1807:in
1785:on
1552:doi
1392:doi
864:".
797:'s
789:or
718:by
540:→ D
217:in
173:Op.
167:in
64:Key
44:by
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1416:.
1334:.
1330:.
1282:^
1263:.
1236:.
1228:.
1105:^
1088:.
1071:^
722:.
584::
552::
530:→
520:,
512:,
502:,
487:,
480:–
465:,
457::
317:,
313:,
309::
305:3
293:2
286:4
280:2
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177:B.
90:95
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567:4
532:C
522:D
495:4
473:8
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253:)
113:4
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78:B
27:.
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